CN117895708B - Ship shaft belt power generation system and method - Google Patents
Ship shaft belt power generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ship shaft belt power generation, in particular to a ship shaft belt power generation system and method, wherein the ship shaft belt power generation system comprises a power module, a shaft belt motor, a variable frequency control cabinet, an isolation transformer, a ship power station, an alternating current distribution board, a daily load, a direct current row, a chopper and a lithium battery; the power module comprises a host controlled by a remote control handle, a rotating shaft is fixed at the output end of the host, and a propeller is fixed at the end part of the rotating shaft; the operation of the main engine is controlled by a remote control handle in the cabin, and the main engine works to drive the rotating shaft and the propeller to rotate so as to propel the ship to navigate; the shaft belt power generation system is arranged on the rotating shaft and used for switching the generator and the motor under different sailing conditions of the ship, the balance of charging and discharging of the lithium battery is realized, the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged, and meanwhile, the shaft belt power generation system can stably work under various conditions, so that the economical efficiency of ship operation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship shaft belt power generation, and particularly relates to a ship shaft belt power generation system and method.
Background
The traditional ship power system generally needs 2 different diesel engines, namely a main propulsion diesel engine and a diesel engine for a generator set; the main propulsion diesel engine is also called a main engine (hereinafter collectively called as a main engine), the main engine is connected with a propeller to play a role in propelling the ship, and the rotating speed of the propeller is always changed due to different working conditions, so that the main engine generally works under the condition of speed change; the rotating speed of the host responds according to the set value of the propulsion handle of the driving console; the power generator set is connected with a power generator by a diesel engine, so that a 'power generator set' is formed and all loads in a ship power station are powered; in general, a ship power station is composed of 3 or more generator sets for reasons of reliability and the like; since the output voltage and frequency of the generator set are almost fixed, diesel engines for generator sets typically operate at a constant rotational speed, as shown in fig. 1;
in actual operation, when the capacity of the main engine is generally selected, in order to ensure the performance of the ship, the capacity of the main engine is not only selected to be higher than the characteristic curve of the propeller, but also a certain margin is reserved, namely the characteristic of a so-called big propeller and a small propeller appears, as shown in fig. 2, the capacity curve of the main engine (refer to the energy of the output power of the main engine at different rotating speeds) minus the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller (refer to the power required by the rotation of the propeller at different rotating speeds or the mechanical power absorbed by the propeller at different rotating speeds) can be obtained to obtain a margin capacity curve of the main engine;
In order to reduce the use of the generator, the surplus capacity of the main engine is used to provide a power station for the ship, namely, a generator is arranged on the main shaft between the main engine and the propeller, and the generator is called as a shaft generator, as shown in fig. 3; the output frequency of the shaft generator is in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the shaft motor, and the rotating speeds of the shaft motor, the main shaft and the main machine are completely consistent, so that the output frequency of the shaft generator can be considered to be in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the main machine; in order to obtain stable frequency, a variable frequency control cabinet is usually added, the alternating current output by the shaft generator is firstly converted into fixed direct current by a rectifier (AC/DC), then the fixed direct current is converted into alternating current with fixed voltage frequency by an inverter (DC/AC), and the alternating current is supplied to a ship power station for power supply, and the variable frequency control cabinet is also commonly called a shaft frequency converter, as shown in fig. 3;
When the ship sails, the generator set is usually shut down, and since the output voltage of the high-power shaft generator is usually 640V and the ship power station generally receives 400V, an isolation transformer is usually arranged to convert 640V into 400V; the shaft generator, the shaft frequency converter and the isolation transformer are regarded as a whole, and the whole is called a shaft power generation system, as shown in fig. 3; the use of the shaft generator system can reduce the use of the generator set, save oil consumption, and prolong the service life and maintenance period of the generator set;
however, the ship shaft belt power generation system is limited in use by the following two conditions:
1. output capacity limitation between the machine-paddles: as shown in fig. 4, the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller is generally shown as a curve a in fig. 4, where the capacity of the main engine has enough margin to supply power to the power generation system of the shaft belt, but it should be noted that the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller is not constant, but varies with the resistance characteristic of the hull, specifically, is generally affected by the following conditions:
the influence of sea conditions (wind, waves, currents) which can significantly influence the resistance characteristics of the vessel, often severe sea conditions can lead to an increase in the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller, the so-called "propeller weight";
the influence of the cargo carrying capacity, the heavier the cargo carrying capacity is, the deeper the draft is, the greater the resistance of the ship is, and the propellers correspondingly become heavier;
The influence of attachments on the ship body, when the ship is gradually operated, attachments similar to barnacles are easily attached to the underwater part of the ship body, and the attachments also increase the resistance of the ship, so that the screw propeller becomes heavy;
So when the ship encounters heavy load and severe sea conditions, the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller moves upwards from the curve A in the figure 4 to the curve B, C, D; when the propeller works in a curve B, the surplus capacity between the engine and the propeller is reduced, and as the rotating speed is reduced, the surplus capacity of the main engine is reduced sharply, and at the highest rotating speed, the capacity curve of the main engine and the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller are intersected in the curve B, and at the moment, the main engine does not have any allowance to provide a shaft belt system for generating power; when the propeller works on the curve C or D, the capacity curve of the host machine and the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller are respectively intersected at the curve C or D, and at the moment, the host machine can not even work at the highest rotating speed and must run at a reduced speed; considering that the navigational speed of the ship is basically in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the propeller, the shaft belt power generation system cannot be used at the moment, the ship speed is greatly reduced, the economical efficiency of the ship is obviously reduced, and the situation of a small-engine large propeller is entered at the moment;
2. Restriction of unstable sea conditions: the mechanical characteristic of the propeller is fluctuating when the ship is operating in unstable sea conditions; especially when the ship runs at empty, the draft of the ship is shallow, and under unstable sea conditions, the propeller of the ship can be even occasionally partially higher than the sea level (also called as 'propeller water outlet'), namely, full immersion can not be achieved occasionally; when the propeller discharges water, the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller becomes light; when the propeller enters water, the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller becomes heavy; the propeller characteristic curve repeatedly changes between heavy and light, and the power schematic diagram refers to fig. 5; when the mechanical characteristic curve of the propeller is unstable, the mechanical characteristic curve is finally reflected as frequent change of the load of the main engine, even if the control handle of the main engine does not move at the moment, when the load becomes light, the rotating speed of the main engine can rise, and the speed regulator of the main engine can reduce the throttle at the moment; when the load becomes heavy, the rotation speed of the host machine can be reduced, the throttle can be increased by the speed regulator of the host machine, although the determination of stable propeller load is not realistic, the rotation speed of the host machine can be controlled in a stable range by the speed regulator of the host machine under the condition of stable sea conditions through the adjustment of the throttle, a typical curve of the rotation speed operation of the host machine is shown in fig. 6, the fluctuation of the rotation speed of the host machine is 83 rpm-86 rpm, the fluctuation range is only 3rpm, and the rotation speed control of the host machine is stable and effective;
However, in contrast, when the unstable sea condition occurs, since the load of the main engine fluctuates severely, the adjustment speed of the throttle of the main engine is difficult to adapt to the rapid change of the load, so that even if the adjustment is repeated, the rotation speed still cannot reach the balanced state, and the waveform of the rotation speed of the main engine in a typical unstable sea condition is shown in fig. 7, it can be seen that in about 1min, the rotation speed of the main engine fluctuates from 76rpm to 94rpm, about 10 peaks appear, so that the severe fluctuation affects the stability of the power generation system of the shaft belt, and the insufficient combustion caused by the repeated adjustment of the throttle increases the emission and the oil consumption;
Therefore, there is a need to design a ship shaft power generation system and method to overcome the above limitations, so that the shaft power generation system can be stably used, and the main engine throttle change caused by the propeller load is balanced, so as to increase the economical efficiency of ship operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a ship shaft belt power generation system and a ship shaft belt power generation method, which are used for solving the problem that the conventional shaft belt power generation system in the market, which is proposed in the background art, cannot be used normally and stably when being limited by the output capacity between a machine and a propeller and the unstable sea condition.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The ship shaft belt power generation system comprises a power module, a shaft belt motor, a variable frequency control cabinet, an isolation transformer, a ship power station, an alternating current distribution board, a daily load, a direct current row, a chopper and a lithium battery; the power module comprises a host controlled by a remote control handle, a rotating shaft is fixed at the output end of the host, and a propeller is fixed at the end part of the rotating shaft; the operation of the main engine is controlled by a remote control handle in the cabin, and the main engine works to drive the rotating shaft and the propeller to rotate so as to propel the ship to navigate;
The shaft motor is arranged on the rotating shaft and used for switching the generator and the motor under different sailing conditions of the ship, so that redundant mechanical energy generated during rotation of the rotating shaft can be converted into electric energy for storage, and when the rotating shaft rotates slowly, the stored electric energy can be used for supplying power for the shaft motor, so that the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is improved;
The variable frequency control cabinet comprises a plc controller and a frequency converter, wherein the plc controller is in signal connection with the remote control handle and is used for obtaining the set rotating speed of the host; the frequency converter is electrically connected with the shaft through a cable and is used for providing alternating voltage with fixed voltage frequency; the isolation transformer is connected with the frequency converter through a cable and is used for converting alternating voltage output by the frequency converter into working voltage acceptable by daily loads of ships; the ship power station and the isolation transformer are connected in parallel on the alternating current distribution board through a cable, and are used for supplying power to the daily load of the ship and simultaneously providing pre-charging voltage for the direct current row by using redundant electric quantity;
the direct current row is connected with a direct current section in the frequency converter through a cable; the chopper is connected with the direct current row through a cable; the lithium battery internally provided with the battery management system is connected with the chopper through a cable; the plc controller is connected with the lithium battery through a bus can and is used for controlling the electric quantity of the lithium battery to be maintained at 90% for a long time and obtaining the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery, so that the set electric quantity and the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery can be conveniently compared later;
The photoelectric encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft and used for detecting the actual rotating speeds of the rotating shaft and the host machine and sending signals to the plc controller, and the plc controller is connected with the photoelectric encoder through a cable signal and used for receiving the signals sent by the photoelectric encoder, so that the actual rotating speed of the host machine is obtained, and the set rotating speed of the host machine is conveniently compared with the actual rotating speed;
The plc controller is also internally provided with a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller, the first proportional integral controller is used for taking an output value obtained after the difference value between the set rotating speed of the host machine and the actual rotating speed is input as a first current set value of the chopper, when the propeller is lighter, the set speed of the host machine is indicated to be smaller than the actual rotating speed, and at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery to charge, which is equivalent to adding a virtual host machine load in a phase change manner, so as to reduce and stabilize the rotating speed of the host machine; when the propeller is heavy, the set rotating speed of the host is larger than the actual rotating speed, and at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery to discharge, which is equivalent to adding a virtual host power in a phase-changing manner, so as to promote and stabilize the rotating speed of the host; therefore, the plc controller controls the charge and discharge of the lithium battery to ensure that extra power is provided for the propeller when the capacity of the main machine is insufficient, and extra load is provided for the main machine when the capacity of the main machine is excessive, so that fluctuation of the main machine and the accelerator is finally stabilized;
The second proportional-integral controller is used for taking an output value obtained after the difference value of the set electric quantity of the battery and the actual electric quantity is input as a second current set value of the chopper, namely when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery is smaller than the actual electric quantity, the discharging current of the chopper is increased or the charging current is reduced; when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery is larger than the actual electric quantity, the charging current of the battery chopper is increased or the discharging current is reduced; the plc controller controls fine adjustment of current of the chopper to balance charging and discharging of the lithium battery, so that the shaft belt power generation system can work stably, and the economical efficiency of ship operation is improved;
the sum of the first current set point of the chopper and the second current set point of the chopper is the final current set point of the chopper.
Preferably, the plc controller is in signal connection with the remote control handle through a cable, and is used for receiving a 4 mA-20 mA signal sent by the remote control handle, so that signal transmission between the plc controller and the remote control handle is realized, and the set rotating speed of the host can be normally obtained.
Preferably, the power of the shaft belt motor is 600KW, the rotating speed of the shaft belt motor is 64 rpm-89 rpm, the capacity of the isolation transformer is 750KVA, 600V of the shaft belt motor is converted into 640V through the frequency converter, and then 640V output by the frequency converter is converted into 400V through the isolation transformer, so that the current and the voltage generated by the shaft belt power generation system can be normally used on daily loads of ships.
Preferably, the frequency converter includes a rectifier and an inverter; the rectifier is connected with the shaft motor through a cable, and the inverter is connected with the rectifier through a cable; the isolation transformer is connected with the inverter through a cable, so that the current generated by the shaft belt motor is converted, and finally fixed alternating current is obtained.
Preferably, a Dvdt filter is arranged between the shaft motor and the rectifier, so that the rising rate of the output voltage of the frequency converter can be limited, and the insulation of windings of the generator is protected; a PWM filter is arranged between the inverter and the isolation transformer and mainly comprises a reactor, a capacitor and a resistor, and is used for suppressing harmonic waves in a daily branch; and a reactor is also arranged between the chopper and the lithium battery, is a necessary passive device for forming a chopping circuit (Buck-Boost circuit), and is matched with energy storage for switching in a short time, so that current ripple in a chopping branch is controlled.
Preferably, circuit breakers are arranged between the shaft motor and Dvdt filters, between the isolation transformer and an alternating current distribution board, between the ship power station and the alternating current distribution board, between the alternating current distribution board and daily loads, and between the reactor and the lithium battery.
Preferably, the control bandwidth of the plc controller to the rotating speed of the host is set to be 1Hz, so that the actual rotating speed of the host is rapidly controlled; the control bandwidth of the plc controller to the electric quantity of the lithium battery is set to be 0.01Hz, so that the low-speed control to the charging current and the discharging current of the lithium battery is realized.
The ship shaft belt power generation method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, inserting a shaft belt on a rotating shaft of a main machine connecting propeller, and simultaneously, installing a photoelectric encoder on the rotating shaft to detect the actual rotating speed of the main machine;
S2, installing a variable frequency control cabinet, wherein the variable frequency control cabinet comprises a plc controller and a frequency converter, and the plc controller is connected with the frequency converter through a cable; the shaft motor is connected with the frequency converter through a cable and is used for outputting alternating voltage with fixed voltage frequency;
the frequency converter comprises a rectifier and an inverter, the shaft motor is connected with the rectifier through a cable, and the inverter is connected with the rectifier through a cable;
s3, connecting the isolation transformer with the inverter through a cable, and converting the alternating voltage output by the frequency converter, so that the device is suitable for daily loads of ships;
S4, connecting the isolation transformer and the ship power station in parallel on an alternating current distribution board through a cable for supplying power to the daily load of the ship;
S5, connecting a direct current section between the rectifier and the inverter with a direct current row through a cable, wherein a part of the ship power station is used for supplying power to the daily load of the ship, and when surplus power exists, the current of the ship power station is communicated with the direct current row through the isolation transformer and the inverter in sequence to provide pre-charging voltage for the direct current row;
The direct current row is connected with the chopper through a cable, the chopper is connected with the lithium battery through the cable, and a Battery Management System (BMS) is arranged on a circuit board in the lithium battery;
S6, finally, the plc controller for controlling the frequency converter to work is in signal connection with a remote control handle for controlling the host to work through a double cable and is used for receiving the signal of the remote control handle so as to obtain the set rotating speed of the host; the plc controller is connected with the photoelectric encoder through a cable in a signal manner and is used for receiving the signal of the photoelectric encoder, so that the actual rotating speed of the host is obtained; the plc controller is connected with the lithium battery through a bus can and is used for controlling and setting the charge capacity of the lithium battery to 90 percent, and receiving signals sent by a Battery Management System (BMS) in the lithium battery to obtain the actual capacity of the lithium battery; finally, a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller are arranged in the plc controller;
The difference value between the set rotating speed of the host machine and the actual rotating speed is input into a first proportional integral controller to be output as a first current set value of the chopper, when the propeller is lightened, the set rotating speed of the host machine is indicated to be smaller than the actual rotating speed, and plc controls the lithium battery to be charged; when the propeller is heavy, the set rotating speed of the main machine is larger than the actual rotating speed, at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery to discharge, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the rotating speed of the main machine 1 is set to be 1Hz, so that the quick control is realized;
The difference between the set electric quantity value of the lithium battery and the actual electric quantity value is input into a second proportional-integral controller to be output as a second current set value of the chopper, and when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery is lower than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller can control to increase the discharge current of the chopper or decrease the charge current; when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery is higher than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller can control to increase the charging current of the chopper or reduce the discharging current, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14 is set to be 0.01Hz, so that low-speed slow control is realized;
the sum of the first current set point and the second current set point is the final current set point of the chopper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the condition of the difference between the set rotating speed and the actual rotating speed of the host is judged to determine that the propeller is in a light or heavy state, and then the lithium battery is controlled to charge and discharge in a targeted manner, so that the extra power is provided for the propeller when the capacity of the host is insufficient, and an extra load is provided for the host when the capacity of the host is excessive, so that the fluctuation of the host and the accelerator is stabilized finally;
Meanwhile, the electric quantity of the lithium battery is controlled and set at 90%, and then the electric quantity is compared with the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery, so that the fine adjustment of the current of the chopper is controlled, the balance of charging and discharging of the lithium battery is realized, the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged, and meanwhile, the shaft belt power generation system can stably work under various conditions, and the economical efficiency of ship operation is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art marine vessel power system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional marine vessel power system that reflects host margin capacity;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shaft belt power generation system in a prior art marine power system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical characteristic of a propeller of a prior art ship shaft generator system when limited by the output capacity between the propeller and the propeller;
FIG. 5 is a schematic power diagram of a prior art marine shaft generator system when limited by unstable sea conditions;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a typical host rotational speed operation curve in a conventional marine shaft generator system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a typical host rotational speed waveform when subjected to unstable sea conditions in a conventional marine shaft generator system;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a shaft belt power generation of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the final current set point of the chopper according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a control flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lithium battery pack, chopper and DC bank according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a circuit with a motor, a rectifier and a DC link in the shaft of the present invention;
Fig. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dc link, inverter, isolation transformer, ac panel and daily load in accordance with the present invention.
The reference numerals in the above figures denote the following part names:
1. a host; 2. a rotating shaft; 3. a propeller; 4. a photoelectric encoder; 5. a shaft with a motor; 6. a rectifier; 7. a direct current row; 8. an inverter; 9. an isolation transformer; 10. an alternating current distribution board; 11. a marine power station; 12. daily load; 13. a chopper; 14. a lithium battery.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides the following examples:
Referring to fig. 1-13, the ship shaft belt power generation system comprises a power module, a shaft belt motor 5, a frequency converter, an isolation transformer 9, an alternating current distribution board 10, a ship power station 11 and a daily load 12;
as can be seen with reference to fig. 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10, the power module includes a main machine 1, a rotating shaft 2 and a propeller 3; the main machine 1 is controlled to work by a worker in the cabin by using a remote control handle, the remote control handle is connected with the main machine 1 through a cable, and when the main machine 1 works, the rotating shaft 2 and the propeller 3 are driven to rotate, so that thrust is generated, and the ship is driven to sail;
Referring to fig. 3, 5, 8 and 10, a shaft belt motor 5 is installed on a rotating shaft 2, the shaft belt motor 5 is connected with a circuit breaker through a cable, the circuit breaker is connected with a Dvdt filter through a cable, the Dvdt filter is connected with a rectifier 6 through a cable, the rectifier 6 is connected with an inverter 8 through a cable, the inverter 8 is connected with a PWM filter through a cable, the PWM filter is connected with an isolation transformer 9 through a cable, the isolation transformer 9 is connected with a ship power station 11 in parallel on an alternating current distribution board 10 through a cable to supply power for a ship daily load 12, and the circuit breaker is arranged between the isolation transformer 9 and the alternating current distribution board 10; a breaker is also arranged between the ship power station 11 and the alternating current distribution board 10, and a breaker is also arranged between the alternating current distribution board 10 and the daily load 12;
the shaft belt motor 5 consists of two parts, namely a rotating part and a fixed part; the rotating part is called a rotor, the fixed part is called a stator, the rotor of the shaft belt motor 5 and the rotating shaft 2 are fixed together, the stator of the shaft belt motor 5 and the ship body are fixed together, the shaft belt motor 5 drives the rotor to rotate through the rotation of the rotating shaft 2, so that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, electric current is output, the electric current flows to the rectifier 6 after passing through the circuit breaker and the Dvdt filter, the electric current is converted into direct current, and the Dvdt filter can limit the rising rate of the output voltage of the frequency converter and protect the winding insulation of the generator;
The direct current converted by the rectifier 6 is sent to the inverter 8 to convert the direct current into alternating current, at the moment, the alternating current flows to the isolation transformer 9 after passing through the PWM filter, and the alternating voltage output by the frequency converter is converted into working voltage acceptable by the daily load 12 of the ship, wherein the power of the shaft motor 5 is 600KW, and the rotating speed of the shaft motor 5 is 64 rpm-89 rpm; the capacity of the isolation transformer 9 is 750KVA; the output voltage 600V of the shaft belt motor 5 is converted into 640V through a frequency converter, and then the output voltage 640V of the frequency converter is converted into 400V voltage which can be used by the daily load 12 of the ship through an isolation transformer 9, so that the current and the voltage generated by the shaft belt power generation system can be normally used on the daily load 12 of the ship, wherein the PWM filter mainly comprises a reactor, a capacitor and a resistor and is used for harmonic suppression in a daily branch;
the alternating current converted by the isolation transformer 9 flows through the breaker and then is gathered into the alternating current distribution board 10 for daily loads 12;
the ship power station 11 comprises a first generator set and a second generator set, and the currents of the two generator sets are converged to the alternating current distribution board 10 through a circuit breaker and are also used by the daily load 12;
Referring to fig. 10, the rectifier 6 and the inverter 8 are both installed in a variable frequency control cabinet, and a plc controller is also arranged in the variable frequency control cabinet and is respectively connected with the rectifier 6 and the inverter 8 through cables to control the rectifier 6 and the inverter 8 to work;
The plc controller is also in signal connection with a remote control handle for controlling the operation of the host 1 through a cable, when the remote control handle is used, the host 1 is controlled to operate, and meanwhile, a4 mA-20 mA signal is transmitted to the plc controller, so that the rotating speed of the host 1 at the moment is obtained, and the rotating speed of the host 1 at the moment is set; the rotating shaft 2 is also provided with a photoelectric encoder 4, the photoelectric encoder 4 is connected with the plc controller through a cable signal, when the host 1 works, the rotating shaft 2 and the propeller 3 are driven to rotate, at the moment, the photoelectric encoder 4 can detect the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 2 and transmit the rotating speed to the plc controller, and at the moment, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 2 is the actual rotating speed of the host 1;
Referring to fig. 8 and 10, it can be seen that a dc link 7 is connected to a dc link cable between the rectifier 6 and the inverter 8, the dc link 7 is connected to the chopper 13 through a cable, the chopper 13 is connected to the reactor through a cable, the reactor is connected to the lithium battery 14 through a cable, a circuit breaker is arranged on the cable between the reactor and the lithium battery 14, meanwhile, a Battery Management System (BMS) is mounted on a circuit board in the lithium battery 14, the lithium battery 14 is connected to the plc controller through a bus can, and the Battery Management System (BMS) transmits the detected electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 to the plc controller, so as to obtain the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery 14;
When in operation, referring to fig. 12, it can be seen that the direct current generated by the shaft motor 5 after being converted by the rectifier 6 is converged to the direct current bar 7, and a part of the direct current flows to the inverter 8 through the direct current bar 7, and then continues to flow until being converged to the alternating current distribution board 10 for supplying power to the daily load 12; some direct current flows to the chopper 13 through the direct current bar 7 and then flows to the lithium battery 14 through the reactor and the breaker for charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14;
Referring to fig. 11 and 13, when the power used by the daily load 12 in the ship is smaller than the power of the ship power station 11, the ship power station 11 can use the redundant power to flow the current to the isolation transformer 9 through the ac distribution board 10, flow to the inverter 8 through the PWM filter, and flow to the dc link 7 to provide the pre-charge voltage for the dc link 7;
at the same time, an algorithm is input into the plc controller, and referring to fig. 9, it can be seen that:
the plc controller is also internally provided with a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller;
firstly, inputting the difference between the set rotating speed of the host 1 and the actual rotating speed received by the plc controller into a first proportional integral controller, taking the value output by the first proportional integral controller as a first current set value of a chopper 13, when the propeller 3 becomes light, indicating that the set rotating speed of the host 1 is smaller than the actual rotating speed, at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery 14 to charge, which is equivalent to adding a virtual host load in a phase change manner, so as to reduce and stabilize the actual rotating speed of the host 1; when the propeller 3 becomes heavy, the set rotating speed of the host 1 is larger than the actual rotating speed, and at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery 14 to discharge, which is equivalent to adding a virtual host power to the phase change so as to promote and stabilize the actual rotating speed of the host 1;
the charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14 are controlled by the plc controller, so that extra power is provided for the propeller 3 when the capacity of the main machine 1 is insufficient, and extra load is provided for the main machine 1 when the capacity of the main machine 1 is excessive, so that fluctuation of the main machine 1 and the accelerator is stabilized finally;
It can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 7 that, in the case of unstable sea conditions, the rotational speed waveform of the host 1 fluctuates from 76rpm to 94rpm in about 1min, and about 10 peaks appear, so that the frequency bandwidth of the rotational speed of the host 1 is about 0.16Hz in this case, and therefore the rotational speed of the host 1 needs to be controlled, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller needs to be greater than the frequency bandwidth of the rotational speed of the host 1, so that the control of the rotational speed of the host 1 can be achieved, but in the case of unstable sea conditions, the actual situation fluctuates and changes rapidly, and thus the control of the rotational speed of the host 1 needs to be rapid, and therefore, the control bandwidth of the plc controller is preferably set to be 1Hz, so that the rapid control of the rotational speed of the host 1 is achieved;
Meanwhile, the charge and discharge electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 is controlled to be 90%, at the moment, the set electric quantity value of the lithium battery 14 is compared with the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 transmitted to a plc controller through a Battery Management System (BMS), the difference value of the set electric quantity value and the actual electric quantity value is input into a second proportional integral controller, the output value is used as a second current set value of the chopper 13, and when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 is smaller than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller increases the discharge current of the chopper 13 or decreases the charge current; when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 is larger than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller controls to increase the charging current of the battery chopper or decrease the discharging current;
Therefore, fine adjustment of current of the chopper 13 is controlled by the plc controller, balance of charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14 is achieved, the service life of the lithium battery 14 is prolonged, a shaft belt power generation system can work stably, and the economical efficiency of ship operation is improved;
Because the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery 14 is relatively slower than the rotating speed change of the host 1, the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery 14 can be controlled at a low speed, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14 is set to be 0.01HZ, so that the low-speed slow control is realized;
The sum of the first current set point and the second current set point is the current final set point of the chopper 13.
Referring to fig. 1-13, the ship shaft belt power generation method comprises the following steps:
S1, firstly, inserting a shaft motor 5 into a rotating shaft 2 of a main machine 1 connected with a propeller 3, and simultaneously, installing a photoelectric encoder 4 on the rotating shaft 2 to detect the actual rotating speed of the main machine 1;
S2, installing a variable frequency control cabinet, wherein the variable frequency control cabinet comprises a plc controller and a frequency converter, and the plc controller is connected with the frequency converter through a cable; the shaft belt motor 5 is connected with a frequency converter through a cable and is used for outputting alternating voltage with fixed voltage frequency;
The frequency converter comprises a rectifier 6 and an inverter 8, the shaft belt motor 5 is connected with the rectifier 6 through a cable, and the inverter 8 is connected with the rectifier 6 through a cable; a Dvdt filter is also arranged between the shaft belt motor 5 and the rectifier 6; a PWM filter is also arranged between the inverter 8 and the isolation transformer 9; a reactor is also arranged between the chopper 13 and the lithium battery 14;
S3, connecting the isolation transformer 9 with the inverter 8 through a cable, and converting the alternating voltage output by the inverter, so that the device is suitable for the daily load 12 of the ship;
S4, connecting the isolation transformer 9 and the ship power station 11 in parallel on the alternating-current distribution board 10 through a cable for supplying power to the ship daily load 12;
s5, connecting a direct current row 7 between the rectifier 6 and the inverter 8 through a cable, wherein a part of the ship power station 11 is used for supplying power to the ship daily load 12, and when surplus power exists, the current of the ship power station 11 is communicated with the direct current row 7 through the isolation transformer 9 and the inverter 8 in sequence to provide pre-charging voltage for the direct current row 7;
The direct current bank 7 is connected with the chopper 13 through a cable, the chopper 13 is connected with the lithium battery 14 through a cable, and a battery management system BMS is arranged on a circuit board inside the lithium battery 14;
S6, finally, the plc controller for controlling the frequency converter to work is in signal connection with a remote control handle for controlling the host 1 to work through a double cable and is used for receiving a 4 mA-20 mA signal sent by the remote control handle, so that the set rotating speed of the host 1 is obtained; the plc controller is connected with the photoelectric encoder 4 through a cable in a signal manner and is used for receiving the signal of the photoelectric encoder 4, so that the actual rotating speed of the host 1 is obtained; the plc controller is connected with the lithium battery 14 through a bus can, and is used for controlling and setting the charge capacity of the lithium battery 14 to 90%, and simultaneously receiving signals sent by a battery management system BMS in the lithium battery 14 to obtain the actual capacity of the lithium battery 14; finally, a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller are arranged in the plc controller;
The difference between the set rotating speed of the main machine 1 and the actual rotating speed is input into a first proportional integral controller to be output as a first current set value of the chopper 13, when the propeller 3 becomes light, the set rotating speed of the main machine 1 is smaller than the actual rotating speed, and plc controls the lithium battery 14 to charge; when the propeller 3 becomes heavy, the set rotating speed of the host 1 is larger than the actual rotating speed, at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery 14 to discharge, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the rotating speed of the host 1 is set to be 1Hz;
The difference between the set electric quantity value of the lithium battery 14 and the actual electric quantity value is input into the second proportional-integral controller to be output as a second current set value of the chopper 13, and when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 is lower than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller controls to increase the discharge current or decrease the charge current of the chopper 13; when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery 14 is higher than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller controls to increase the charging current of the chopper 13 or decrease the discharging current, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the charging and discharging of the lithium battery 14 is set to be 0.01Hz;
The sum of the first current set point and the second current set point is the current final set point of the chopper 13.
Finally, it can be seen that circuit breakers are provided between the axial charging 5 and Dvdt filters, the isolation transformer 9 and the ac power distribution board 10, the ship power station 11 and the ac power distribution board 10, the ac power distribution board 10 and the daily load 12, and between the reactor and the lithium battery 14, thereby protecting the circuit.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a boats and ships axle area power generation system which characterized in that includes:
The power module comprises a host machine (1) controlled by a remote control handle, a rotating shaft (2) is fixed at the output end of the host machine (1), and a propeller (3) is fixed at the end part of the rotating shaft (2);
the shaft motor (5) is arranged on the rotating shaft (2) and is used for switching the generator and the motor under different sailing conditions of the ship;
The variable frequency control cabinet comprises a plc controller and a frequency converter, wherein the plc controller is in signal connection with a remote control handle and is used for obtaining the set rotating speed of the host (1); the frequency converter is connected with the shaft motor (5) through a cable and is used for providing alternating voltage with fixed voltage frequency;
The isolation transformer (9) is connected with the frequency converter through a cable and is used for converting alternating voltage output by the frequency converter into working voltage acceptable by the daily load (12) of the ship;
the ship power station (11) is connected with the isolation transformer (9) in parallel on the alternating current distribution board (10) through a cable and is used for supplying power to the ship daily load (12) and simultaneously providing pre-charging voltage for the direct current row by using redundant electric quantity;
the direct current row (7) is connected with a direct current section in the frequency converter through a cable;
the chopper (13) is connected with the direct current row (7) through a cable;
A lithium battery (14) internally provided with a battery management system and connected with the chopper (13) through a cable; the plc controller is connected with the lithium battery through a bus can and is used for controlling the electric quantity of the lithium battery to be maintained at 90% for a long time and obtaining the actual electric quantity of the lithium battery;
The photoelectric encoder (4) is arranged on the rotating shaft (2) and is used for detecting the actual rotating speed of the rotating shaft (2) and the host (1) and sending signals to the plc controller, and the plc controller is connected with the photoelectric encoder through a cable signal and is used for receiving the signals sent by the photoelectric encoder (4) so as to obtain the actual rotating speed of the host (1);
The plc controller is also internally provided with a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller, the first proportional integral controller is used for taking an output value obtained after the difference value between the set rotating speed of the host machine (1) and the actual rotating speed is input as a first current set value of the chopper (13), and the plc controller is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the lithium battery (14);
The second proportional-integral controller is used for taking an output value obtained after the difference value of the set electric quantity of the battery and the actual electric quantity is input as a second current set value of the chopper (13), and the plc controller is used for controlling fine adjustment of the current of the chopper (13);
The sum of the first current set point of the chopper (13) and the second current set point of the chopper (13) is the current final set point of the chopper (13).
2. The ship shaft belt power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the plc controller is in signal connection with the remote control handle through a cable, and the plc controller is used for receiving a 4 mA-20 mA signal sent by the remote control handle to obtain the rotating speed of the remote control handle for controlling the operation of the host (1).
3. The ship shaft generator system according to claim 2, characterized in that the power of the shaft motor (5) is 600KW and the rotation speed of the shaft motor (5) is 64 rpm-89 rpm; the capacity of the isolation transformer (9) is 750KVA.
4. A ship shaft generator system according to claim 3, characterized in that the frequency converter comprises a rectifier (6) and an inverter (8); the rectifier (6) is connected with the shaft motor (5) through a cable, and the inverter (8) is connected with the rectifier (6) through a cable; the isolation transformer (9) is connected with the inverter (8) through a cable.
5. The ship shaft generator system according to claim 4, wherein a Dvdt filter is further arranged between the shaft generator (5) and the rectifier (6); a PWM filter is also arranged between the inverter (8) and the isolation transformer (9); a reactor is also arranged between the chopper (13) and the lithium battery (14).
6. The ship shaft generator system according to claim 5, wherein circuit breakers are provided between the shaft motor (5) and Dvdt filter, between the isolation transformer (9) and the ac power distribution board (10), between the ship power station (11) and the ac power distribution board (10), between the ac power distribution board (10) and the daily load (12), and between the reactor and the lithium battery (14).
7. The ship shaft generator system according to claim 6, wherein the control bandwidth of the plc controller for the rotational speed of the main machine (1) is set to 1Hz; the control bandwidth of the plc controller for the electric quantity of the lithium battery (14) is set to be 0.01Hz.
8. The shaft belt power generation method of the ship shaft belt power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
S1, firstly, inserting a shaft motor (5) into a rotating shaft (2) of a main machine (1) connected with a propeller (3), and simultaneously, installing a photoelectric encoder (4) on the rotating shaft (2) to detect the actual rotating speed of the main machine (1);
s2, installing a variable frequency control cabinet, wherein the variable frequency control cabinet comprises a plc controller and a frequency converter, and the plc controller is connected with the frequency converter through a cable; the shaft motor (5) is connected with the frequency converter through a cable and is used for outputting alternating voltage with fixed voltage frequency;
The frequency converter comprises a rectifier (6) and an inverter (8), the shaft power supply (5) is connected with the rectifier (6) through a cable, and the inverter (8) is connected with the rectifier (6) through a cable;
S3, connecting an isolation transformer (9) with the inverter (8) through a cable, and converting alternating voltage output by the frequency converter, so that the device is suitable for daily loads (12) of ships;
S4, connecting the isolation transformer (9) and the ship power station (11) in parallel on the alternating current distribution board (10) through a cable for supplying power to the ship daily load (12);
S5, connecting a direct current row (7) between the rectifier (6) and the inverter (8) through a cable, wherein a part of the ship power station (11) is used for supplying power to the ship daily load (12), and when surplus power exists, the current of the ship power station (11) is communicated with the direct current row (7) through the isolation transformer (9) and the inverter (8) in sequence to provide pre-charging voltage for the direct current row (7);
the direct current row (7) is connected with the chopper (13) through a cable, the chopper (13) is connected with the lithium battery (14) through a cable, and a Battery Management System (BMS) is arranged on a circuit board inside the lithium battery (14);
S6, finally, the plc controller for controlling the frequency converter to work is in signal connection with a remote control handle for controlling the host (1) to work through a double cable and is used for receiving a4 mA-20 mA signal sent by the remote control handle, so that the set rotating speed of the host (1) is obtained; the plc controller is connected with the photoelectric encoder (4) through a cable in a signal manner and is used for receiving the signal of the photoelectric encoder (4), so that the actual rotating speed of the host (1) is obtained; the plc controller is connected with the lithium battery (14) through a bus can and is used for controlling and setting the charge capacity of the lithium battery (14) to be 90 percent, and receiving signals sent by a Battery Management System (BMS) in the lithium battery (14) to obtain the actual electric capacity of the lithium battery (14); finally, a first proportional integral controller and a second proportional integral controller are arranged in the plc controller;
The difference between the set rotating speed of the main machine (1) and the actual rotating speed is input into a first proportional integral controller to be output as a first current set value of the chopper (13), when the propeller (3) becomes light, the set rotating speed of the main machine (1) is smaller than the actual rotating speed, and plc controls the lithium battery (14) to charge; when the propeller (3) becomes heavy, the set rotating speed of the host machine (1) is larger than the actual rotating speed, at the moment, the plc controller controls the lithium battery (14) to discharge, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the rotating speed of the host machine 1 is set to be 1Hz;
The difference between the electric quantity set value of the lithium battery (14) and the actual electric quantity value is input into a second proportional-integral controller to be output as a second current set value of the chopper (13), and when the electric quantity set by the lithium battery (14) is lower than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller can control to increase the discharge current or decrease the charge current of the chopper (13); when the set electric quantity of the lithium battery (14) is higher than the actual electric quantity, the plc controller can control the charging current of the chopper (13) to be increased or the discharging current to be reduced, and the control bandwidth of the plc controller for controlling the charging and discharging of the lithium battery (14) is set to be 0.01Hz;
The sum of the first current set point and the second current set point is the final current set point of the chopper (13).
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