CN117883530A - 一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法,涉及动物医药技术领域。本发明所述中药组合物由苍术、陈皮、厚朴、白芷、茯苓、半夏、藿香、紫苏、天花粉、白蒺藜、葛根、薏苡仁、神曲、枫树叶、樟树根、马鞭草、木香、吴茱萸、番石榴叶共十九味中药组成。本发明中药组合物不仅对不同类型的仔猪腹泻均有很好的治疗效果,能够提高腹泻的治愈率,降低死亡率,提高生产性能,对仔猪的肝脏和肾脏起着保护作用,维持仔猪正常的生理代谢,促进仔猪生理机能的恢复,而且该发明专利中药组合物对其他动物如牛、羊、禽(如鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑、鸽等)、毛皮动物(如狐狸、貉子、水貂、兔等)及水生动物(如鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、蛙等)等动物腹泻症同样有效。本发明由纯中药制成,疗效确切,无耐药性,无残留,无任何毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前畜禽、毛皮动物、水生动物等养殖高度规模化、产业化的养殖模式对疾病的防控提出了新的挑战。因其动物养殖密度增大,而管理水平和养殖环境与之不匹配,导致动物疾病发生率增大。在动物整个养殖过程中,腹泻是困扰养殖者的一大难题。腹泻的发生因素复杂多样,大多具有传播快、发病广、死亡率高的特点,直接损害了养殖户的经济利益。
目前,对腹泻的防治主要是通过饲料中添加或者直接给患病动物注射抗生素。抗生素的滥用、乱用不仅导致动物肠道菌群失调、抵抗力下降,导致肝脏、肾脏等脏器的损伤,而且肉蛋产品的抗生素残留超标对人类的生命健康构成直接威胁。我国农业农村部在2020年7月1日下发了全面禁止在饲料中使用抗生素的文件,这一文件为动物健康养殖提供保障。
益生菌目前也被用于防治畜禽(如猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅等)、毛皮动物(如狐狸、貉子、水貂、兔等)及水生动物(如鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、蛙等)等动物腹泻。但益生菌制剂中在生产、运输和贮藏过程中,其活性易受温湿度、光照等外界因素的影响;若投入水体中用于治疗水体动物腹泻,水中的微生物、水质、温度、光照等因素也影响其功效;而且进入动物消化道后还易遭受胃酸、胆汁中的胆盐和消化酶的破坏等,多种因素致使益生菌制剂在生产实践中效果极不稳定,不宜推广。
中草药具有来源广、不容易产生耐药性、低毒、少残留及无残留等天然特征,并兼有药物与营养剂的双重效果,不仅能够治疗疾病,同时还能通过调节动物肠道菌群,增强肠道免疫能力,提高动物抵御外界病原微生物的能力。现有技术中有一些防治腹泻的中药组方,但由于组方中部分中药原料价格昂贵或组方疗效不明确等原因而中断使用。本发明拟根据中兽医医药理论和腹泻的发生机理提供一种新的治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法,所述中药组合物能够提高腹泻的治愈率,降低死亡率,提高生产性能。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一方面,本发明提供一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术200-400份、陈皮10-30份、厚朴20-80份、白芷10-40份、茯苓100-200份、半夏50-150份、藿香20-80份、紫苏15-35份、天花粉100-200份、白蒺藜20-40份、葛根200-300份、薏苡仁20-80份、神曲10-30份、枫树叶20-100份、樟树根40-100份、马鞭草10-30份、木香20-80份、吴茱萸50-150份、番石榴叶60-150份。
进一步地,作为一种用于治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的优化,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术240-360份、陈皮15-25份、厚朴40-60份、白芷20-30份、茯苓130-170份、半夏80-120份、藿香40-60份、紫苏20-30份、天花粉140-160份、白蒺藜25-35份、葛根240-260份、薏苡仁40-60份、神曲15-25份、枫树叶40-80份、樟树根60-80份、马鞭草15-25份、木香40-60份、吴茱萸80-120份、番石榴叶90-120份。
进一步地,作为一种用于治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的优化,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术300份、陈皮20份、厚朴50份、白芷20份、茯苓150份、半夏100份、藿香50份、紫苏20份、天花粉150份、白蒺藜30份、葛根240份、薏苡仁40份、神曲20份、枫树叶70份、樟树根60份、马鞭草20份、木香50份、吴茱萸110份、番石榴叶100份。
另一方面,本发明提供一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取药材:苍术200-400份、陈皮10-30份、厚朴20-80份、白芷10-40份、茯苓100-200份、半夏50-150份、藿香20-80份、紫苏15-35份、天花粉100-200份、白蒺藜20-40份、葛根200-300份、薏苡仁20-80份、神曲10-30份、枫树叶20-100份、樟树根40-100份、马鞭草10-30份、木香20-80份、吴茱萸50-150份、番石榴叶60-150份;
(2)将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;
(3)将步骤(2)粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮2-4次,每次加入原生药5-10倍重量的水煎煮1-3小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;
(4)边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶。
再一方面,本发明还提供了一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的应用,所述中药组合物是用于治疗动物腹泻的药物,所述中药组合物按照常规方法制备成任何动物接受的药物形式,包括但不限于口服液、散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、膏剂。
本发明中药组合物各中药组分药理作用:
苍术:味辛、苦;性温;归脾、胃、肝经;燥湿健脾、祛风散寒、明目、辟秽;用于脘腹胀痛、泄泻、水肿、风湿痹痛、脚气痿躄、风寒感冒、雀目。
陈皮:味苦、辛;性温;归肺、脾经;理气健脾、燥湿化痰;用于脘腹胀满、食少吐泻、咳嗽痰多。
厚朴:味苦、辛;性温;归脾、胃、肺、大肠经;燥湿消痰、下气除满;用于湿滞伤中、脘痞吐泻、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、痰饮喘咳。
白芷:味辛;性温;归肺、脾、胃经;解表散寒、祛风止痛、通鼻窍、燥湿止带、消肿排脓、祛风止痒;用于风寒感冒、头痛、牙痛、风湿痹痛、鼻渊、带下证、疮痈肿毒。
茯苓:味甘、淡;性平;归心、肺、脾、肾经;利水渗湿、健脾、宁心;用于水肿尿少、痰饮眩悸、脾虚食少、便溏泄泻、心神不安、惊悸失眠。
半夏:味辛;性温;归脾、胃、肺经;燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结;用于湿痰寒痰、咳喘痰多、痰饮眩悸、风痰眩晕、痰厥头痛、呕吐反胃、胸脘痞闷、梅核气;外治痈肿痰核。
藿香:味辛;性微温;归肺、脾、胃经;祛暑解表、化湿和胃;用于夏令感冒、寒热头痛、胸脘痞闷、呕吐泄泻、妊娠呕吐、鼻渊、手足癣。
紫苏:味辛,性温;归肺、脾经;解表散寒,行气和胃;用于风寒感冒,咳嗽呕恶,妊娠呕吐,鱼蟹中毒。
天花粉:味甘、微苦;性微寒;归肺、胃经;清热泻火、生津止渴、消肿排脓;用于热病烦渴、肺热燥咳、内热消渴、疮疡肿毒。
白蒺藜:味辛、苦;性微温;归肝经;平肝解郁、活血祛风、明目、止痒;用于头痛眩晕、胸胁胀痛、乳闭乳痈、目赤翳障、风疹瘙痒。
葛根:味甘、辛;性凉;归肺、胃经;解肌退热、透疹、生津止渴、升阳止泻;用于表证发热、项背强痛、麻疹不透、热病口渴、阴虚消渴、热泻热痢、脾虚泄泻。
薏苡仁:味甘、淡;性凉;归脾、胃、肺经;利水渗湿、健脾止泻、除痹、排脓、解毒散结;用于水肿、脚气、小便不利、脾虚泄泻、湿痹拘挛、肺痈、肠痈、赘疣、癌肿。
神曲:味甘、辛;性温;归脾、胃经;健脾和胃、消食化积;用于饮食停滞、消化不良、脘腹胀满、食欲不振、呕吐泻痢。
枫树叶:味苦;性平;归肺、脾经;祛风除湿、行气止痛;用于腹泻、痢疾、胃痛、外用治毒蜂螫伤、皮肤湿疹。
樟树根:味辛;性微温;归肝、脾经;祛风散寒;用于风湿骨痛、跌打损伤、感冒头痛。
马鞭草:味苦;性凉;归肝、脾经;清热解毒、活血散瘀、利水消肿;用于外感发热、湿热黄疸、水肿、痢疾、疟疾、白喉、喉痹、淋病、经闭、症瘕、痈肿疮毒、牙疳。
木香:味辛、苦;性温;归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经;行气止痛、健脾消食;用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛、泻痢后重、食积不消、不思饮食。
吴茱萸:味辛、苦;性热;归肝、脾、胃、肾经;散寒止痛、降逆止呕、助阳止泻;用于厥阴头痛、寒疝腹痛、寒湿脚气、经行腹痛、脘腹胀痛、呕吐吞酸、五更泄泻。
番石榴叶:味苦、涩;性平;归大肠经;燥湿健脾、清热解毒;用于泻痢腹痛、食积腹胀、齿龈肿痛、风湿痹痛、湿疹臁疮、疔疮肿毒、跌打肿痛、外伤出血、蛇虫咬伤。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供了一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物及其制备方法。本发明中药组合物的组方是依据传统古方平胃散和保和丸加减而成的,平胃散为治疗湿滞脾胃证的基础方,具有燥湿运脾,行气和胃的功效,保和丸为消食、导滞、和胃的传统中成药,主治食积停滞,脘腹胀满,嗳腐吞酸,不欲饮食。本发明中药组合物选用苍术、陈皮、厚朴、白芷、茯苓、半夏、藿香、紫苏、天花粉、白蒺藜、葛根、薏苡仁、神曲、枫树叶、樟树根、马鞭草、木香、吴茱萸、番石榴叶共十九味中药。方中苍术燥湿健脾,因其辛散苦燥,长于祛湿,痹症湿胜者尤宜为君药。厚朴苦温除湿而下气;陈皮甘温顺气而消痰;半夏燥湿化痰、降逆止呕;陈皮理气健脾、燥湿化痰,厚朴与半夏合用可增强化痰功能,茯苓可健脾利湿、平胃益气,导水下行,利小便以实大便。藿香化湿、解暑、止呕,紫苏、白芷发汗解表,并增强藿香理气散寒之力,兼化湿浊。以上诸药为臣药。葛根生津止渴;天花粉可养阴生津以止渴为清热生津之良药,二者配伍有清热生津止渴之效。薏苡仁甘补淡渗,马鞭草利尿退肿辅助茯苓健脾益气。吴茱萸伍入木香可温中止呕,行脾胃之滞气。白蒺藜散风、下气、行血;枫树叶、樟树根祛风止痛;番石榴叶收敛止血、消炎止痛;神曲消食和胃。全方共奏健脾祛湿之功。本发明中药组合物不仅对不同类型的仔猪腹泻均有很好的治疗效果,能够提高腹泻的治愈率,提高生产性能,降低死亡率,对仔猪的肝脏和肾脏起着保护作用,维持仔猪正常的生理代谢,促进仔猪生理机能的恢复,而且该发明专利中药组合物对其他动物如牛、羊、禽(如鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑、鸽等)、毛皮动物(如狐狸、貉子、水貂、兔等)及水生动物(如鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、蛙等)等动物腹泻症同样有效。本发明由纯中药制成,疗效确切,无耐药性,无残留,无任何毒副作用。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术200份、陈皮10份、厚朴20份、白芷15份、茯苓100份、半夏60份、藿香20份、紫苏15份、天花粉100份、白蒺藜20份、葛根220份、薏苡仁20份、神曲15份、枫树叶20份、樟树根40份、马鞭草10份、木香20份、吴茱萸50份、番石榴叶70份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮2次,每次加入原生药5倍重量的水煎煮1.5小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶得到中药口服液。
实施例2
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术400份、陈皮30份、厚朴80份、白芷40份、茯苓190份、半夏150份、藿香80份、紫苏30份、天花粉200份、白蒺藜40份、葛根300份、薏苡仁80份、神曲30份、枫树叶80份、樟树根100份、马鞭草30份、木香70份、吴茱萸150份、番石榴叶150份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮4次,每次加入原生药8倍重量的水煎煮3小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至相对密度为1.22-1.29(50℃),干燥成干膏,干膏粉碎过100目筛,将混合物与药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性辅料成分制备成散剂。
实施例3
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术320份、陈皮15份、厚朴50份、白芷35份、茯苓160份、半夏75份、藿香60份、紫苏20份、天花粉160份、白蒺藜30份、葛根260份、薏苡仁50份、神曲20份、枫树叶60份、樟树根80份、马鞭草20份、木香50份、吴茱萸70份、番石榴叶90份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮3次,每次加入原生药7倍重量的水煎煮2小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至相对密度为1.26-1.36(50℃),干燥成干膏,干膏粉碎过100目筛,将混合物与药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性辅料成分制备成散剂。
实施例4
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术290份、陈皮25份、厚朴45份、白芷35份、茯苓155份、半夏75份、藿香50份、紫苏20份、天花粉140份、白蒺藜35份、葛根260份、薏苡仁55份、神曲25份、枫树叶90份、樟树根80份、马鞭草20份、木香25份、吴茱萸85份、番石榴叶75份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮4次,每次加入原生药9倍重量的水煎煮1小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶得到中药口服液。
实施例5
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术240份、陈皮15份、厚朴30份、白芷25份、茯苓165份、半夏120份、藿香70份、紫苏20份、天花粉140份、白蒺藜30份、葛根220份、薏苡仁30份、神曲15份、枫树叶20份、樟树根45份、马鞭草15份、木香60份、吴茱萸60份、番石榴叶90份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮2次,每次加入原生药7倍重量的水煎煮3小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶得到中药口服液。
实施例6
按照以下重量份数称取各中药原料:苍术300份、陈皮20份、厚朴50份、白芷20份、茯苓150份、半夏100份、藿香50份、紫苏20份、天花粉150份、白蒺藜30份、葛根240份、薏苡仁40份、神曲20份、枫树叶70份、樟树根60份、马鞭草20份、木香50份、吴茱萸110份、番石榴叶100份;将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;将粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮3次,每次加入原生药8倍重量的水煎煮1.5小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶得到中药口服液。
试验例1
体外抑菌试验
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料
1.1.1主要试剂与材料
试剂:本发明各中药原料由颖河(焦作)中药生物工程有限责任公司提供,常温密闭保存。
材料:牙签、平板、圆形不锈钢管。
1.1.2试验菌株
大肠杆菌(标准)、沙门氏菌(标准)、金黄色葡萄球菌(标准)由河南农业大学提供。
1.2试验方法
将本发明中药组合物实施例4、5、6所得药液用无菌水稀释为下述浓度:30mg/mL、20mg/mL、10mg/mL、5mg/mL。用灭菌牙签挑取上述三种菌株培养物,划线接种于琼脂平板上,将灭菌的圆形不锈钢管(内径6nm、外径8nm、高10nm)放置于平板上并轻轻加压使其与平板接触无空隙,每个平板放置5支不锈钢管,向不锈钢管中滴加浓度为30mg/mL、20mg/mL、10mg/mL、5mg/mL的实施例4、5、6所得药液。将平板置于37℃培养箱中继续培养18小时,测量抑菌圈大小。
2结果
从表1结果可以看出,本发明中药组合物对三种能引起仔猪腹泻的菌株在较低浓度(10mg/mL)时仍具有较强的体外抑菌作用。
表1各组抑菌圈直径统计表
试验例2
配方筛选试验
本发明中药组合物以中药理论选用药材,应用中医辨证施治原则合理配伍而得,君臣佐使相辅相成,辨证施治。本发明中由于实验数据较多,在此列出部分疗效明显的配方并与本发明完整配方进行对比。
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料
1.1.1主要试剂与仪器
试剂:本发明各中药原料由颖河(焦作)中药生物工程有限责任公司提供,常温密闭保存;杨树花口服液(每1ml相当于原生药材1g,猪10-20ml)、氟苯尼考粉(每1kg体重,猪20-30mg,一日两次,连用3-5天),购买于兽药GSP店;番泻叶张仲景大药房购买。
仪器:旋转蒸发仪。
1.1.2试验动物与病例模型建立
番泻叶加水浸泡40min,煮沸10min后过滤,将过滤液用旋转蒸发仪浓缩成1:1水提液。用上述水提液给体重为18-22g的小鼠灌胃,剂量为0.2mL/次,3次/d,连续3d,当与正常小鼠相比腹泻率与腹泻指数有显著差异时,判定为造模成功。
1.2试验方法
取体重在18-22g的番泻叶致腹泻的模型小鼠60只,随机平均分为10组,分别为模型组、中药对照组、西药对照组、试验组1-7,每组6只,雌雄各半,另取6只健康小鼠作为空白对照组。各组处理方式见表2,空白对照组小鼠不做处理,模型组小鼠灌胃生理盐水,剂量为0.2mL/只,中药对照组灌胃杨树花口服液0.2mL/只,西药对照组灌胃氟苯尼考溶液0.2mL(2mg/mL的氟苯尼考溶液),试验组1-7灌胃表2配方所得的中药组合物口服液,剂量为0.2mL/只。观察并记录灌胃8h内各组腹泻情况并计算各组稀便率、稀便级及腹泻指数。
表2试验组1-7各中药组合物配方
1.3疗效判定标准
腹泻率=腹泻动物数/该组动物总数×100%
稀便率=每只动物的稀便次数/大便总次数
根据滤纸上污迹范围大小,稀便级共分为4级:
一级:污迹直径<1cm;
二级:污迹直径<1.0~1.9cm;
三级:污迹直径<2~3cm;
四级:污迹直径>3cm。
腹泻指数=稀便率×稀便级
1.4统计学分析
数据分析采用SPSS 17.0软件对所有数据进行统计性检验,结果用平均数±标准差表示,以(P<0.05)表示差异显著。
2结果
由表3可知,在灌胃治疗8h内,与模型组相比,中药对照组、西药对照组、试验组1-7小鼠的腹泻指数均显著降低。具有完整的本发明中药组分的试验组1的腹泻指数显著低于中药对照组和西药对照组;试验组2组方中缺少了苍术组分,该组腹泻指数低于模型组,但高于中药对照组和西药对照组,说明苍术在本发明中药组合物治疗腹泻中起主要作用;缺少部分组分的试验组3-7的腹泻指数低于中药对照组和西药对照组,但高于具有完整组分的试验组1。本发明中药组合物选用苍术、陈皮、厚朴、白芷、茯苓、半夏、藿香、紫苏、天花粉、白蒺藜、葛根、薏苡仁、神曲、枫树叶、樟树根、马鞭草、木香、吴茱萸、番石榴叶共十九味中药应用中医辨证施治原则合理配伍而得,君臣佐使相辅相成,辨证施治,共同治疗动物腹泻。
表3各组小鼠腹泻相关指标统计
组别 | 动物数/只 | 腹泻率/% | 稀便率/% | 稀便级 | 腹泻指数 |
空白对照组 | 6 | — | — | — | — |
模型组 | 6 | 100 | 89.43±6.16 | 3.38±0.37 | 3.02±0.36 |
中药对照组 | 6 | 100 | 78.22±7.21 | 2.56±0.41 | 2.00±0.35* |
西药对照组 | 6 | 100 | 77.60±6.90 | 2.58±0.43 | 2.02±0.46* |
试验组1 | 6 | 100 | 50.91±6.15 | 1.97±0.37 | 1.03±0.36* |
试验组2 | 6 | 100 | 84.08±6.25 | 2.89±0.42 | 2.44±0.46* |
试验组3 | 6 | 100 | 73.95±5.47 | 2.43±0.33 | 1.79±0.21* |
试验组4 | 6 | 100 | 70.30±6.78 | 2.61±0.40 | 1.85±0.41* |
试验组5 | 6 | 100 | 63.81±5.66 | 2.17±0.35 | 1.40±0.32* |
试验组6 | 6 | 100 | 70.21±5.59 | 2.25±0.37 | 1.58±0.35* |
试验组7 | 6 | 100 | 60.54±6.55 | 2.20±0.39 | 1.32±0.20* |
注:“*”表示与模型组相比具有显著差异(P<0.05)。
试验例3
仔猪腹泻治疗效果
为进一步说明本发明中药组合物对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果,以下提供动物试验作为说明。以下所涉及本发明中药组合物皆按照实施例6所制备。
1材料与方法
1.1试验药品
本发明各中药原料由颖河(焦作)中药生物工程有限责任公司提供,常温密闭保存;杨树花口服液(每1ml相当于原生药材1g,猪10-20ml)、氟苯尼考粉(内服:每1kg体重,猪20-30mg,一日两次,连用3-5天),购买于兽药GSP店。
1.2试验方法
技术人员在南阳地区采集自然发病仔猪流行性腹泻病例300例,仔猪表现为为呕吐、腹泻、脱水以及拒绝采食等特征,解剖发病猪发现其小肠出现血点,小肠内部充满黄色液体,小肠的肠壁变薄甚至出现水肿,收集其中5例病猪的血清通过实验室进行ELISA抗体检测,确诊为猪流行性腹泻病毒导致的腹泻。将上述病猪分为6组,分别为模型组、中药对照组、西药对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。另采集50例健康仔猪作为空白对照组。空白对照组仔猪不做处理;模型组经口灌服生理盐水,剂量为5mL/kg,2次/d,连用3d;中药对照组经口灌服杨树花口服液,剂量为10mL/头,2次/d,连用3d;西药对照组经口灌服氟苯尼考,剂量为每1kg体重,猪20-30mg,2次/d,连用3d;低剂量组经口灌服实施例6所制备得到的药液,剂量为2.5mL/头,2次/d,连用3d;中剂量组经口灌服实施例6所制备得到的药液,剂量为5mL/头,2次/d,连用3d;高剂量组经口灌服实施例6所制备得到的药液,剂量为10mL/头,2次/d,连用3d。各组用药3天后统计治愈数、有效数、无效数、死亡数,每组随机选择6头存活仔猪,前腔静脉采集全血10mL。
1.3疗效判定
治愈:仔猪呕吐、腹泻停止,精神、食欲、排便恢复正常,症状完全消失;
有效:仔猪呕吐、腹泻症状减轻,精神、食欲、排便有所好转,症状明显减轻;
无效:试验期间仔猪经治疗后症状无好转甚至死亡,剖检病变明显;
有效率:(治愈仔猪数+有效仔猪数)/该组仔猪总数;
无效率:(无效仔猪数+死亡仔猪数)/该组仔猪总数。
1.4血液生化指标检测
将采集得到的全血于3000g离心5min,取上层血清,用生化分析仪测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酐(CREA)、血液尿素氮(BUN)、钙(Ca)含量。
1.5统计学分析
数据分析采用SPSS17.0软件对所有数据进行统计性检验,结果用平均数±标准差表示,以(P<0.05)表示差异显著。
2结果
2.1各组治疗效果
由表4结果可知,与模型组相比,中药对照组、西药对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组猪的死亡数显著下降。与中药对照组和西药对照组相比,不同剂量的本发明中药组合物均显著提高了有效率,降低了无效率和死亡率。中剂量组在治疗3天后有效率高达90%,且只出现了1头死亡病例,高剂量组在治疗3天后有效率可达96%,且整个治疗过程中无死亡病例出现。以上数据说明高剂量组的本发明中药组合物对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果最好。
表4各组猪治疗效果统计
组别 | 猪(头数) | 治愈(只/%) | 有效(只/%) | 无效(只/%) | 死亡(只/%) |
空白对照组 | 50 | — | — | — | — |
模型组 | 50 | — | — | — | 23(46%) |
中药对照组 | 50 | 7(14%) | 32(64%) | 18(36%) | 11(22%) |
西药对照组 | 50 | 9(18%) | 35(70%) | 15(30%) | 9(18%) |
低剂量组 | 50 | 19(38%) | 43(86%) | 7(14%) | 5(10%) |
中剂量组 | 50 | 28(56%) | 45(90%) | 5(10%) | 1(2%) |
高剂量组 | 50 | 35(70%) | 48(96%) | 2(4%) | 0 |
2.2各组血液生化指标结果
血液生化指标可反映动物机体的代谢水平、健康状况以及生产性能。之前的研究表明,中药可有效改善仔猪体内物质代谢水平,提高生产性能和健康状况。血清中的ALT、AST和ALP常作为肝脏疾病的检查指标,这3种酶活性的升高,都代表机体肝脏受到损害。由表5结果可知,与模型组相比,不同剂量的本发明中药组合物均显著降低了仔猪血清中的ALT、AST和ALP水平,且优于中药对照组和西药对照组,说明本发明中药组合物对仔猪的肾脏功能具有保护作用,且高剂量组的保护效果最佳。
肾脏是维持体液平衡、维持内环境稳定的关键器官。当肾脏功能受损时,在肾实质受到严重损伤时CREA、BUN含量会急剧上升,体液中的离子将发生变化,可引发低血钙症,磷***障碍等问题。由表5结果可知,模型组的CREA、BUN含量显著高于空白对照组、中药对照组、西药对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,且血清中Ca含量显著低于其余各组,说明该组仔猪肾脏受到严重损伤,血钙水平低,病情严重。不同剂量的本发中药组合物均降低了仔猪血清中的CREA和BUN水平,且升高了血钙水平,说明本发明中药组合物对仔猪的肾脏功能具有保护作用,且高剂量组的保护效果最佳。
表5各组猪血液生化指标变化
指标 | 空白对照组 | 模型组 | 中药对照组 | 西药对照组 | 低剂量组 | 中剂量组 | 高剂量组 |
ALT(U/L) | 53.10±1.85 | 85.12±0.91a | 68.44±0.96b | 65.23±1.21b | 48.23±2.76 | 35.12±2.59c | 30.71±2.13c |
AST(U/L) | 67.42±1.24 | 112.85±0.72a | 79.23±2.15b | 80.62±2.06b | 51.39±1.96c | 36.92±0.93d | 28.19±0.65e |
ALP(U/L) | 392.53±45.56 | 446.14±50.43a | 385.12±62.16 | 425.23±58.36b | 381.76±62.36 | 341.13±51.86c | 343.16±61.01c |
CREA(μmol/L) | 55.15±6.16 | 79.76±8.05a | 68.74±5.96b | 70.16±6.05b | 67.13±6.03b | 60.76±4.71c | 57.53±5.82 |
BUN(mmol/L) | 3.85±0.59 | 4.86±0.15a | 2.25±0.13b | 4.06±0.15c | 3.09±0.61 | 1.76±0.23d | 1.08±0.12e |
Ca(mmol/L) | 2.46±0.08 | 0.23±0.03a | 0.62±0.06b | 0.56±0.02b | 1.23±0.16c | 2.09±0.39 | 2.79±0.12d |
注:同行数据肩标小写字母不相同表示差异显著(P<0.05),同行肩标小写字母相同或不标注表示差异不显著。
试验例4
临床治疗效果
为进一步说明本发明中药组合物对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果,以下提供临床试验作为说明。以下所涉及本发明中药组合物皆按照实施例6所制备。
1材料与方法
1.1试验药品
实施例6所制得的中药口服液。
1.2试验方法
技术人员在新乡、商丘、周口、驻马店、南阳等地区采集仔猪腹泻自然发病病例436例,经流行病学分析、临床症状分析、实验室检测确诊分别为仔猪水样腹泻31例、仔猪流行性腹泻53例,仔猪传染性胃肠炎106例,仔猪黄白痢246例。上述腹泻仔猪经口灌服实施例6所制备得到的中药口服液,剂量为10mL/头,2次/d,连用7d。各组用药7天后统计治愈数、有效数、无效数、死亡数。
1.3疗效判定
治愈:仔猪精神、食欲、排便恢复正常,症状完全消失;
有效:仔猪精神、食欲、排便有所好转,症状明显减轻;
无效:试验期间仔猪经治疗后症状无好转甚至死亡,剖检病变明显;
有效率:(治愈仔猪数+有效仔猪数)/该组仔猪总数;
无效率:(无效仔猪数+死亡仔猪数)/该组仔猪总数。
2结果
本试验分析了本发明中药组合物对病毒引起的仔猪流行性腹泻和仔猪传染性胃肠炎、细菌引起的仔猪黄白痢、霉变饲料引起的仔猪水样腹泻的治疗效果。由表6可知,本发明中药组合物对不同类型的仔猪腹泻均有很好的治疗效果,对仔猪水样腹泻、流行性腹泻、传染性胃肠炎、黄白痢的有效率达95%以上,治愈率达92%以上。
表6各组猪治疗效果统计
腹泻类型 | 猪(头数) | 治愈(只/%) | 有效(只/%) | 无效(只/%) | 死亡(只/%) |
水样腹泻 | 31 | 29(93.55%) | 30(96.77%) | 1(3.23%) | 1(3.23%) |
仔猪流行性腹泻 | 53 | 50(94.34%) | 52(98.11%) | 1(1.89%) | 1(1.89%) |
仔猪传染性胃肠炎 | 106 | 98(92.45%) | 101(95.28%) | 5(4.72%) | 3(2.83%) |
仔猪黄白痢 | 246 | 230(93.50%) | 239(97.15%) | 7(2.85%) | 4(1.63%) |
以上实施例说明本发明中药组合物对不同类型的仔猪腹泻均有很好的治疗效果,且高剂量效果最佳。同时,在治疗腹泻的过程中本发明中药组合物对仔猪的肝脏和肾脏起着保护作用,帮助仔猪维持正常的生理代谢,促进仔猪生理机能的恢复。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术200-400份、陈皮10-30份、厚朴20-80份、白芷10-40份、茯苓100-200份、半夏50-150份、藿香20-80份、紫苏15-35份、天花粉100-200份、白蒺藜20-40份、葛根200-300份、薏苡仁20-80份、神曲10-30份、枫树叶20-100份、樟树根40-100份、马鞭草10-30份、木香20-80份、吴茱萸50-150份、番石榴叶60-150份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术240-360份、陈皮15-25份、厚朴40-60份、白芷20-30份、茯苓130-170份、半夏80-120份、藿香40-60份、紫苏20-30份、天花粉140-160份、白蒺藜25-35份、葛根240-260份、薏苡仁40-60份、神曲15-25份、枫树叶40-80份、樟树根60-80份、马鞭草15-25份、木香40-60份、吴茱萸80-120份、番石榴叶90-120份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的中药组分组成:苍术300份、陈皮20份、厚朴50份、白芷20份、茯苓150份、半夏100份、藿香50份、紫苏20份、天花粉150份、白蒺藜30份、葛根240份、薏苡仁40份、神曲20份、枫树叶70份、樟树根60份、马鞭草20份、木香50份、吴茱萸110份、番石榴叶100份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取药材:苍术200-400份、陈皮10-30份、厚朴20-80份、白芷10-40份、茯苓100-200份、半夏50-150份、藿香20-80份、紫苏15-35份、天花粉100-200份、白蒺藜20-40份、葛根200-300份、薏苡仁20-80份、神曲10-30份、枫树叶20-100份、樟树根40-100份、马鞭草10-30份、木香20-80份、吴茱萸50-150份、番石榴叶60-150份;
(2)将上述比例的中药材与助磨剂微粉硅胶混合均匀,之后将其全部放入气流粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,粉碎至800-1000目;
(3)将步骤(2)粉碎后的中药材用白色布袋包装后放入加热釜中煎煮2-4次,每次加入原生药5-10倍重量的水煎煮1-3小时,过滤,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1kg药液含原生药材2kg,放冷;
(4)边搅拌边缓慢加入上述浓缩液体积15%的浓度为5%的壳聚糖澄清剂,继续搅拌15分钟;然后边搅拌边加入上述浓缩液体积10%的浓度为5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,搅拌均匀后低温放置48小时或以上,充分沉淀后过滤,取上清液装桶。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗动物腹泻的中药组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述中药组合物按照常规方法制备成任何动物接受的药物形式,包括但不限于口服液、散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、膏剂、提取物等。
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