CN117877904A - Switching device and method for switching contacts of a battery - Google Patents
Switching device and method for switching contacts of a battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117877904A CN117877904A CN202311318883.6A CN202311318883A CN117877904A CN 117877904 A CN117877904 A CN 117877904A CN 202311318883 A CN202311318883 A CN 202311318883A CN 117877904 A CN117877904 A CN 117877904A
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- electromechanical
- switch
- switching
- battery
- switching device
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/04—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
- H02H1/043—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks to inrush currents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a switching device (1) for switching a first contact (5 a) of a battery (5), comprising: a safety device (2) which is provided for disconnecting the electrical connection during the reaction time in the presence of an overcurrent and/or an overvoltage; an electromechanical first switch (3) connected in series with the safety device (2); and an electromechanical second switch (4) connected in parallel with the safety device (2) and connected in series with the electromechanical first switch (3).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a switching device and a method for switching contacts of a battery.
Background
Interrupting current in a dc grid at higher voltages is a challenge due to the need to reduce arcing. Electromechanical switches such as gates or relays are therefore used to interrupt moderate currents, while safeties or hot melt safeties are used to interrupt short circuits or higher current levels.
High-voltage relays are bulky, have a limited service life and poor dynamic characteristics, because large short-circuit currents at the system level are unavoidable. This also applies to safeties, in particular hot melt safeties, which must be serviced or replaced after a short circuit event. In the direction of higher voltages and rated powers, it is becoming increasingly complex and expensive to implement such relays.
US7876588B2 discloses a device and a method for driving an electromechanical rectifier, in particular an electric motor and/or generator. A bank of controllable switches is used here in order to control the inverter and to distribute the switching load to some of the switches during the lifetime.
US7812696B2 discloses a method for safely operating a switching device with at least two main contacts. The method may include: when the control magnet is switched on and off, an electrical control signal is generated to release the contact interruption means.
Disclosure of Invention
The switching device for switching a first contact of a battery according to the invention comprises: a safety device, which is provided for disconnecting the electrical connection in the reaction time in the presence of an overcurrent and/or an overvoltage; an electromechanical first switch in series with the safety device; and an electromechanical second switch connected in parallel with the safety device and in series with the electromechanical first switch.
The method according to the invention for switching a first contact of a battery by means of a switching device (the switching device comprises a safety device, an electromechanical first switch and an electromechanical second switch, wherein the electromechanical first switch is connected in series with the safety device, and the electromechanical second switch is connected in parallel with the safety device and in parallel with the electromechanical first switch), comprises: a switching-on procedure is carried out, wherein during the switching-on procedure, the electromechanical second switch is first switched into the conductive state and then, after a first time interval, the electromechanical first switch is switched into the conductive state; and/or a shut-down procedure is carried out, wherein the electromechanical second switch is first switched into a non-conductive state during the shut-down procedure and the electromechanical first switch is then switched into the non-conductive state after a second time interval.
The switching device is adapted to be connected to the first contact of the battery so as to intercept current from the battery through the switching device. The first contact of the battery is either the positive or the negative electrode of the battery.
The safety device is provided for interrupting a current path extending through the electromechanical first switch and the safety device. This occurs when the current through the safety device or the voltage applied through the safety device exceeds a predefined limit value. If this limit value is exceeded, an overcurrent and/or overvoltage is present. The reaction time is the maximum time required for the safety device to interrupt the passing current in the presence of an overcurrent and/or overvoltage.
An electromechanical first switch is connected in series with the safety device and an electromechanical second switch is connected in parallel with the safety device and in series with the electromechanical first switch. In particular, the first contact point of the safety device and the first contact point of the electromechanical second switch are thus connected to each other and form a first connection of the switching device. The second connection contact of the safety device and the second connection contact of the electromechanical second switch are connected to each other and to the first connection contact of the electromechanical first switch. The second connection contact of the electromechanical first switch forms a second connection of the switching device. The first terminal or the second terminal of the switching device is preferably connected to a pole of the battery.
The dependent claims indicate preferred embodiments of the invention.
The switching device is preferably provided for carrying out a switching-off operation, in which the electromechanical second switch is initially switched into a non-conductive state and the electromechanical first switch is subsequently switched into a non-conductive state after a first time interval. The shut-off procedure is preferably a current-free shut-off procedure, and thus occurs during periods when no current flows through the switching device.
During the shut-down, the switching device switches from a conductive state, in which current can be drawn from the connected battery by the switching device, to a non-conductive state, in which current cannot be drawn from the connected battery by the switching device. If one of the electromechanical switches is switched into a non-conductive state, this means that this electromechanical switch switches from a conductive state to a non-conductive state. The conductive state is the state in which the corresponding electromechanical switch is turned on. The non-conductive state is the state in which the corresponding electromechanical switch is turned off. In the event of a fault, the battery current flows through the switching device, by switching the electromechanical second switch into the non-conductive state, it is ensured that the entire battery current flows through the safety device. This battery current is interrupted here by triggering the safety device. Preferably, triggering of the safety device is detected and the electromechanical first switch is placed in a non-conductive state in response to triggering of the safety device.
The first time interval is preferably shorter than the reaction time of the safety device. It is thus ensured that the entire current flows through the safety device sufficiently in the event of a fault in order to trigger this safety device.
The switching device is preferably provided for carrying out a switching-on operation, in which the electromechanical second switch is first switched into the conductive state and the electromechanical first switch is subsequently switched into the conductive state after a second time interval. During the switching-on process, the switching device is switched from a non-conductive state, in which no current can be drawn from the connected battery by the switching device, to a conductive state, in which current can be drawn from the connected battery by the switching device. If one of the electromechanical switches is switched into the conductive state, this means that this electromechanical switch switches from the non-conductive state into the conductive state. The conductive state is the state in which the corresponding electromechanical switch is turned on. The non-conductive state is the state in which the corresponding electromechanical switch is turned off. By switching the electromechanical second switch into the conducting state first, it is ensured that the safety device is not loaded by the initial voltage peak, if a current has already flowed through the switching device during the switching-on process.
The second time interval is preferably equal to the first time interval. Separate delay elements can thus be used for switching the electromechanical switch for the switching-on and switching-off process.
Preferably, the electromechanical first switch is a bistable relay and/or the electromechanical second switch is a bistable relay. It is therefore not necessary to continuously apply a holding voltage to the corresponding electromechanical switch in order to maintain the current operating state. Thus electrical losses are minimized.
Furthermore, a battery circuit comprising a switching device according to the invention and a battery is advantageous. The battery has a first contact and a second contact, wherein the switching device is coupled to the first contact of the battery in order to switch an electrical connection to the first contact.
In this case, it is advantageous if the battery circuit comprises a transistor which is provided to interrupt a passage current caused by the battery through the switching device when this transistor is switched into the non-conductive state, wherein the switching device is provided to switch the electromechanical switch only when the transistor is switched into the non-conductive state. It is thus possible to design the electromechanical switches in such a way that they cannot switch the current supplied by the battery. The electromechanical switch can thus be dimensioned smaller.
It is also advantageous that the transistor is coupled to a second contact of the battery in order to switch the electrical connection to the second contact. In this way, both poles of the battery can be switched and thus, for example, a voltage-free coupling of the load to the battery is ensured.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a switching device according to the invention;
fig. 2 shows a diagram which illustrates the switching-on and switching-off operation of the switching device according to the invention; and is also provided with
Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a battery circuit according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a switching device 1 according to the invention for switching a first contact 5a of a battery 5. The switching device 1 comprises a safety device 2, an electromechanical first switch 3 and an electromechanical second switch 4.
The safety device 2 is provided for breaking the electrical connection during the reaction time in the presence of an overcurrent and/or an overvoltage. The switching device 1 has a first terminal 7 which is provided for coupling with a first contact 5a of the battery 5. The switching device 1 also has a second connection 8 which is provided for intercepting a voltage or a current from the battery 5 via the switching device 1.
The safety device 2 is connected in series with an electromechanical first switch 3. An electromechanical second switch 4 is connected in parallel with the safety device 2. The electromechanical second switch 4 is simultaneously connected in series with the electromechanical first switch 3. The first contact point of the safety device 2 and the first contact point of the electromechanical second switch 4 are thus connected to the first connection 7 of the switching device 1. The second connection contact of the safety device 2 and the second connection contact of the electromechanical second switch 4 are coupled to the first connection contact of the electromechanical first switch 3. The second connection contact of the electromechanical first switch 3 is coupled to the second terminal 8 of the switching device 1.
Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the switching device 1 in the battery circuit 10 according to the invention. It can be seen that the switching device 1 is connected to a first contact 5a, here for example the positive pole of the battery 5. The second contact 5b of the battery 5 is connected to a transistor 6 by means of which the second contact 5b of the battery 5 is switched. If the transistor 6 is switched into the non-conducting state, no current flows through the switching device 1, so that a currentless or voltage-free switching of the electromechanical switches 3, 4 of the switching device 1 is achieved. The transistor 6 is thus provided for interrupting the passing current through the switching device 1 caused by the battery 5 when the transistor 6 is switched into a non-conducting state.
The switching device 1 is provided for switching the electromechanical switches 3, 4 only when the transistor is switched into a non-conductive state. Damage to the switching contacts of the electromechanical switches 3, 4 can thereby be avoided.
The switching-on process 101 and the switching-off process 102 can be implemented by the switching device 1. The switching device 1 is brought into a conductive state by the switching process 101, whereby a conductive connection with the first contact 5a is established by the switching device 1. The switching device 1 is placed in a non-conductive state in a corresponding manner by the shut-off process 102.
Before starting the switching-on process 101 or the switching-off process 102, the transistor 6 is placed in a non-conductive state. This non-conductive state is maintained at least until the end of the respective switching-on process 101 or switching-off process 102. In this case, however, it may result in the event of a fault that the switching-on process 101 or the switching-off process 102 is still carried out when a current flows through the switching device 1, for example in the event of a fault of the transistor 6 or an associated actuation of the transistor 6. These fault conditions can be handled by the switching device 1.
The switching-on process 101 is shown in fig. 2 in a time progression, followed by a switching-off process 102. Between the switching-on process 101 and the switching-off process 102, there is a time interval in which the switching device 1 is switched on and thus an electrical connection to the first contact 5a of the battery 5 is achieved via the switching device 1. When the associated electromechanical switch 3, 4 is brought into the conducting state, the signal level shown in fig. 2 at time t has a value of 1. If the signal level shown in fig. 2 is equal to zero, the associated electromechanical switch 3, 4 is switched into a non-conducting state.
During the switching-on process 101, the electromechanical second switch 4 is first switched into the conductive state. Then at a second time interval t 1 The electromechanical first switch 3 is then also brought into the conducting state. In the switching off process 102, the electromechanical second switch 4 is first switched into the non-conductive state and then in a first time interval t 1 The electromechanical first switch 3 is then switched into a non-conductive state.
If, in the event of a fault, during the shut-down process 102, a current flows through the switching device 1, this current is then completely passed through the safety device 2, since the electromechanical second switch 4 is switched into the non-conductive state before the electromechanical first switch 3 is switched into the non-conductive state. If this current is greater than the limit value defined by the safety device 2, the safety device 2 is triggered and this current is interrupted. In this way, it is possible, for example, to interrupt a current which cannot be reliably switched by the electromechanical first switch 3, for example because this current may lead to an arc. First time interval t 1 And a second time interval t 2 In particular, the time interval is as long and is furthermore preferably selected such that the reaction time of the safety device 2 is shorter than this time interval. It is ensured that once the entire current has flowed throughThe safety device 2 has enough time to trigger the safety device 2.
Both the electromechanical first switch and the electromechanical second switch 3, 4 are each implemented by a bistable relay. The current consumption of the switching device 1 can thereby be minimized.
The transistor, here transistor 6, can be used as a main current switching element in a high voltage board network system, which either electrically interrupts the current at moderate amplitudes or in the event of a short circuit. This also applies to the so-called "Make" process, that is to say that when switched on, the transistor 6 is responsible for a controlled current increase which can flow between the battery 5 (DC source) and the capacitive load. If an electromechanical switch, for example a relay, is used on the other pole of the battery 5, it is therefore mainly used for both functions. First, in order to ensure the insulation of the corresponding pole, and second, as a spare element for the transistor, in this case in case of failure of transistor 5. Apart from these fault scenarios, the electromechanical switch is always switched without current (since the current was previously interrupted by the transistor 5).
The electromechanical switch can thus be optimized for use in this arrangement, which is achieved by the switching device 1 according to the invention. It is thus possible to manufacture electromechanical first and/or second switches 3, 4 with a less high current interruption capability and a corresponding robustness, which results in a smaller arc chamber or a more cost-effective contact technique.
Furthermore, the holding force of the closed contact can be selected to be small in the electromechanical first and/or second switch 3, 4, since there is no risk of contact floating at large short-circuit currents (transistor 5 avoids large short-circuit currents).
The force ensuring the opening or closing of the contacts due to the lack of G-type impact requirements can also be chosen smaller in the electromechanical first and/or second switches 3, 4. This requirement arises in accordance with the prior art from the scenario of excessive accelerations (crash event) in which the electromechanical switch must remain in the selected operating mode to avoid damage (undesirably open closed contacts greatly increase losses) or to prevent external shorts (closed open contacts, which may lead to shorts between the cells depending on the board-network architecture).
The switching device 1 according to the invention enables the use of bistable relays which require significantly less energy to hold the contacts and also enables the use of other contact techniques in order to further reduce line losses. The arc chamber can also be considerably reduced, which results in a simple and reliable construction.
The step in the optimization is further to transfer the high-voltage switching power completely to the other component, so that the electromechanical switch is always switched without current. An even simpler design and implementation of the electromechanical switch is possible with this solution. A low voltage relay may also be used that ensures high voltage isolation when disabled, but can only switch lower voltages.
A targeted transfer of the switching function can be achieved with the switching device 1 according to the invention, wherein corresponding control signals are used, in particular also according to the method according to the invention. The electromechanical switches 3, 4 are switches which are always switched without current (so they close or open the contacts only when no current flows or no current immediately starts to flow). The safety device is responsible for the individual interruption capability.
In terms of the operating principle, the electromechanical second switch 4 is first activated to bypass the safety device, wherein the electromechanical first switch 3 is then activated and the electrical connection is completely closed in the manner described. When disabled, the electromechanical second switch 4 is disabled, followed by the electromechanical first switch 3. This delay t when disabled 1 The safety device 2 is made the only current path in series with the electromechanical first switch 3 during a specific time. If there is current flowing, that is to say if the transistor 5 has not previously interrupted current, this current is interrupted by the safety device 2. In this way a one-time interruption in case of failure of the transistor 5 is ensured.
The delay between the switching operations of the electromechanical switches 3, 4 is preferably carried out such that it corresponds to the I2T characteristic of the safety device 2, that is to say the time required for the safety device 2 to interrupt the current before the electromechanical first switch 3 is disabled. Since the parallel electromechanical second switch 4 carries most of the current, a safety device with an extremely low rated voltage can be used, which also has a faster response time, is smaller and is more cost-effective.
The electromechanical switches 3, 4 can be designed as individual or mechanically integrated switches in common, depending on the technology used.
In addition to the above-described text disclosures, explicit reference is also made to the disclosures of figures 1 to 3.
Claims (10)
1. Switching device (1) for switching a first contact (5 a) of a battery (5), comprising:
a safety device (2) which is provided for disconnecting the electrical connection during the reaction time in the presence of an overcurrent and/or in the presence of an overvoltage,
-an electromechanical first switch (3) in series with the safety device (2), and
-an electromechanical second switch (4) connected in parallel with the safety device (2) and in series with the electromechanical first switch (3).
2. Switching device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the switching device (1) is provided for carrying out a switching-off process (102), wherein the electromechanical second switch (4) is first switched into a non-conductive state during the switching-off process (102) and the electromechanical first switch (3) is subsequently switched into a non-conductive state after a first time interval.
3. Switching device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the first time interval is shorter than the reaction time of the safety device (2).
4. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the switching device (1) is provided for carrying out a switching-on process (101), wherein the electromechanical second switch (4) is first switched into a conductive state during the switching-on process (101) and the electromechanical first switch (3) is subsequently switched into a conductive state after a second time interval.
5. Switching device (1) according to claims 3 and 4, wherein the second time interval is equal to the first time interval.
6. Switching device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electromechanical first switch (3) is a bistable relay and/or the electromechanical second switch (4) is a bistable relay.
7. Battery circuit (10) comprising a switching device (1) according to any of the preceding claims and a battery (5), wherein the battery (5) comprises a first contact (5 a) and a second contact (5 b), wherein the switching device (1) is coupled with the first contact (5 a) of the battery (5) for switching an electrical connection with the first contact (5 a).
8. The battery circuit according to claim 7,
-wherein the battery circuit (1) comprises a transistor (6) arranged to interrupt a passing current through the switching device (1) caused by the battery (5) when this transistor is switched to a non-conducting state,
-wherein the switching device (1) is arranged for switching the electromechanical switch (3, 4) only when the transistor (6) is switched to a non-conductive state.
9. Battery circuit according to claim 8, wherein the transistor (6) is coupled with a second contact (5 b) of the battery (5) for switching an electrical connection with the second contact (5 b).
10. Method for switching a first contact (5 a) of a battery (5) by means of a switching device (1) comprising a safety device (2), an electromechanical first switch (3) and an electromechanical second switch (4), wherein the electromechanical first switch (3) is connected in series with the safety device (2) and the electromechanical second switch (4) is connected in parallel with the safety device (2) and in series with the electromechanical first switch (3), the method comprising:
-performing a switching-on procedure (101), wherein during the switching-on procedure the electromechanical second switch (4) is first brought into a conductive state and subsequently after a first time interval the electromechanical first switch (3) is brought into a conductive state, and/or
-performing a shut-down procedure (102), wherein during the shut-down procedure the electromechanical second switch (4) is first brought into a non-conductive state and subsequently after a second time interval the electromechanical first switch (3) is brought into a non-conductive state.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022210684.9 | 2022-10-11 | ||
| DE102022210684.9A DE102022210684A1 (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Switching device and method for switching a contact of a battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117877904A true CN117877904A (en) | 2024-04-12 |
Family
ID=90355203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311318883.6A Pending CN117877904A (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2023-10-11 | Switching device and method for switching contacts of a battery |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117877904A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102022210684A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004062266A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-13 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for safe operation of a switching device |
| DE102005016278A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-12 | Siemens Ag | Device for controlling an electromechanical energy converter, in particular an electric motor and / or generator |
| DE102012215620A1 (en) | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Lithium ion battery system for vehicles e.g. motor car, has battery modules connected with case of battery cell in series, switching unit switching battery modules and battery cell, and terminals connected with another switching unit |
| DE102016109862A1 (en) | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-30 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Switching device for switching an electrical connection, energy storage system for a vehicle and method for switching an electrical connection |
| WO2019092103A2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Power distribution unit and fuse management for an electric mobile application |
-
2022
- 2022-10-11 DE DE102022210684.9A patent/DE102022210684A1/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-10-11 CN CN202311318883.6A patent/CN117877904A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022210684A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
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