CN117871096A - Rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and fault online diagnosis method - Google Patents
Rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and fault online diagnosis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and a fault online diagnosis method, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical fault diagnosis. According to the invention, the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device is used for collecting the working condition data of the rolling bearing in real time in the fault simulation experiment process, and then the obtained data is analyzed by a fault online diagnosis method; on the basis of lower cost, the invention obtains more accurate and rich monitoring results, provides more reliable data for improving the reliability of data analysis results, improves the accuracy of fault prediction and diagnosis, analyzes and diagnoses the simulation experiment data, obtains results with higher accuracy, and improves the practical reference significance of the simulation experiment results of the rolling bearing faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical fault diagnosis, and relates to a rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and a fault online diagnosis method.
Background
Rolling bearings are used as core components of various mechanical devices, and the running state of the rolling bearings directly relates to the normal running of the whole device. The actual service environment of the rolling bearing usually shows variable rotation speed, variable load and the like, and the bearing is stressed more complicated under the condition of non-stable variable working condition and is easy to damage and break down. Therefore, the fault simulation experiment is carried out on the rolling bearing, the experimental data is analyzed, the support is provided for grasping the working state of the rolling bearing, and the method has great significance for guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment.
In order to ensure safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment, at present, a patrol inspection mode is mostly adopted, vibration data of the mechanical equipment are periodically collected, then analysis and processing are carried out so as to master the operation state of the mechanical equipment, but considering the cost problem, the interval duration between two inspections in the mode is usually longer, the operation state of the mechanical equipment is not favorable to be mastered in time, and hysteresis is easy to occur in fault prediction of the mechanical equipment. At present, a mode of loading a load on a rolling bearing and performing a fault simulation test is adopted to master the working state of the rolling bearing so as to know the running state of mechanical equipment, for example, a patent with the application number of 201821548227.X discloses a small-sized radial loading device of the rolling bearing and an experiment table thereof, the experiment table is used for performing the fault simulation test on the small-sized bearing, but the rotating shaft is loaded, so that the test cost is increased, and on the other hand, in the running process of actual mechanical equipment, in order to ensure the quality and the rotating smoothness of the rotating shaft, the load is not loaded on the rotating shaft generally, so that the fault and actual situation difference of the load simulation bearing on the rotating shaft is larger, the error of a test result is larger, and the accuracy of the test result is reduced; meanwhile, the bearing fault simulation experiment is carried out, simulation process data are not collected, when fault analysis is carried out, a data gap is large, accurate identification of the actual bearing condition cannot be carried out, and hysteresis of fault prediction is caused.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and a fault online diagnosis method, on the basis of lower cost, a more accurate monitoring result is obtained, more rolling bearing fault simulation experiment data volume is obtained through real-time monitoring, analysis and diagnosis are performed on the simulation experiment data, a result with higher accuracy is obtained, and the practical reference significance of the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment result is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device and a fault online diagnosis method, wherein induction signals are transmitted to a data acquisition terminal through a friction torque testing device, a force sensor, an X-direction acceleration sensor, a Y-direction acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor, and then the data acquisition terminal converts the signals and then transmits the signals to a computer for storage, so that the convenience is brought to staff to search and call; the test bearing fixing seat is loaded with the load, so that the bearing to be tested works under the load condition, and the fault simulation is carried out on the bearing to be tested, so that on one hand, the damage probability of the rotating shaft is reduced, the cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the accuracy of the acquired data is improved in a loading mode which is closer to the actual working condition of the bearing to be tested, so that the data base of data analysis is closer to the actual working condition of the rolling bearing, and when a worker calls the acquired data for analysis, more accurate data is used as an analysis base to support the analysis work of the worker, thereby being beneficial to improving the reliability of data analysis and improving the accuracy of fault prediction and diagnosis; the acquired data is analyzed and diagnosed more accurately by combining with the fault on-line diagnosis method, the state of the rolling bearing is mastered in the fault simulation experiment process of the rolling bearing, and reliable reference is provided for the actual working fault prediction analysis of the rolling bearing.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device, which comprises a driving motor 1, a bearing seat 2, a rotating shaft 3, a test bearing fixing seat 4, a friction torque test device 5, a force sensor 6, an EHA hydraulic loading device 7, a vibration-proof base 8, an X-direction acceleration sensor 10, a Y-direction acceleration sensor 11, a motor support seat 12, a bracket 14, a temperature sensor 15, a computer 16, a data acquisition terminal 18, a second coupling 20, wherein the driving motor 1 is fixedly connected with the vibration-proof base 8 through the motor support seat 12, the bearing seat 2 is fixedly installed on the vibration-proof base 8 and is internally provided with a bearing, the test bearing fixing seat 4 is fixedly connected with the bracket 14 through a friction torque test device 5, the bracket 14 is fixedly installed on the vibration-proof base 8, a bearing 19 to be tested is fixedly installed in the test bearing fixing seat 4, an output end of the driving motor 1 is connected with one end of the rotating shaft 3 through the second coupling 20, the rotating shaft 3 is in matched connection with a bearing installed in the bearing seat 2 and the other end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the bearing seat 4, the vibration-proof base 7 is installed in the corresponding to the vibration-proof base 7 is installed in the vibration-proof base 6, the EHA hydraulic loading device is installed on one side of the vibration-proof base 7 is installed on the vibration-proof base 4, the EHA hydraulic loading device is installed on the side of the vibration-proof base 4 is fixedly loaded on the side of the test bearing 7, the EHA is installed on the side of the vibration-proof seat 4 is far side of the vibration-proof device is installed on the vibration-proof base 6, the vibration-proof device is installed on the vibration-side 6 is far side 6, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the test bearing fixing seat 4, the output ends of the friction torque testing device 5, the force sensor 6, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 are connected with the input end of the data acquisition terminal 18, and the output end of the data acquisition terminal 18 is connected with the input end of the computer 16.
Preferably, the rotating shafts 3 are of a segmented structure, and two adjacent segments of rotating shafts 3 are connected through a first coupler 9. The number of the first couplers 9 is determined according to the number of the segments of the rotating shaft 3 in the actual use process, and the more the segments of the rotating shaft 3 are, the corresponding number of the first couplers 9 is required to be increased to connect the two adjacent segments of the rotating shaft 3.
Preferably, the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device further comprises a cabinet body 17, the vibration-proof base 8 is fixedly arranged on the cabinet body 17, and the universal wheels 13 are arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body 17.
Preferably, the loading mode of the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 includes: constant force loading, triangular waveform loading and trapezoidal variation loading are input.
The invention further provides an online fault diagnosis method for the rolling bearing, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: the signal fusion module fuses the data transmitted from the data acquisition terminal 18 to the computer 16 in the simulation experiment process to obtain a fusion value.
S2: the fault diagnosis module demodulates the Teager energy operator of the fusion value obtained in the step S1 to obtain a Teager energy spectrum fusion value, the visual terminal visually displays the signal received by the computer 16 and the Teager energy spectrum, extracts fault characteristics based on the Teager energy spectrum fusion value, and compares the extracted fault frequency with a theoretical value to obtain the fault condition of the bearing 19 to be detected.
Specifically, the process of the fusion processing of the signal fusion module is as follows: after the force sensor 6, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 transmit signals to the data acquisition terminal 18, the data acquisition terminal 18 converts the electric signals into digital signals, and then the digital signals are transmitted to the computer 16, the signals transmitted by the friction torque testing device 5 are stored in the computer 16 as standby signals, the fault diagnosis process preferentially uses the signals transmitted by the force sensor 6, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15, and the signal fusion module in the computer 16 is at the same timetReceiving 4 signals, whereiniThe first sensorjThe cross-correlation of the signals of the individual sensors satisfies:wherein->，/>The time coordinate shift values when the cross-correlation calculation is performed for the signals,Lis the total data length of the test signal,Nfor a total number of sets of sensor signals,kis a different set of signals from the sensor,x i,t is the computer attReceived at the timeiThe signal values of the individual sensors are used,x j,t+m is the computer att+mReceived at the timejSignal values of the individual sensors.
By the formulaCalculating to obtain signal energyE。
First, theiEnergy related to individual sensors and other sensor signalsE i By the formulaCalculated, whereinrIs the total number of sensors.
First, theiThe time of each sensor istTime-dependent energy normalized signaly i By the formulaAnd (5) calculating to obtain the product.
By the formulaCalculating to obtain the firstiAverage value of individual sensorsμ i 。
By the formulaCalculating to obtain the firstiVariance of individual sensors。
By the formulaCalculating to obtain the firstiVariance contribution rate of individual sensorsK i 。
By passing throughFormula (VI)Calculating to obtain the firstiFusion coefficients of the individual sensors.
First, theiThe individual sensors are in timetThe fusion value at the time passes the formulaAnd (5) calculating to obtain the product.
Specifically, in the step S2, the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the outer ring of the bearing to be measured is calculated by the formulaCalculation of whereinZFor the number of the rolling bodies of the bearing to be measured,θas a contact angle of the glass,Dfor the pitch diameter of the bearing to be measured,dfor the diameter of the rolling body of the bearing to be measured,f r the rotational speed of the drive motor is divided by 60.
The theoretical value of the defect frequency of the bearing inner ring to be measured is calculated by the formulaAnd (5) calculating.
The theoretical value of the defect frequency of the rolling body of the bearing to be measured is calculated by a formulaAnd (5) calculating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the force sensor, the X-direction acceleration sensor, the Y-direction acceleration sensor and the temperature sensor to sense the state of the bearing to be tested in the simulation process, transmits signals to the data acquisition terminal in real time, and transmits data to the computer for storage after the data acquisition terminal performs data conversion, so as to obtain a large amount of rolling bearing fault simulation experiment data, and when required by staff, the staff can conveniently find and call related experiment data to carry out fault prediction and diagnosis work, and more data volume provides excellent data support for the analysis work of the staff.
2. According to the invention, the EHA hydraulic loading device is adopted to directly load the test bearing fixing seat, so that the load is loaded on the bearing to be tested, the damage probability of the rotating shaft is reduced, the experimental cost is saved, the actual working condition of the bearing to be tested is more similar, the degree of coincidence between the collected data and the actual condition is higher, the simulation condition is higher in degree of reality, and the data reliability and reference significance are better.
3. According to the invention, the EHA hydraulic loading device is adopted to load different loads on the bearing to be tested in different modes, so that the loading mode and the loading load of the simulation experiment can be adjusted according to actual conditions, the simulation experiment condition is more similar to the actual working condition, the error degree of acquired data is reduced, and a reliable data base is provided for the fault analysis and prediction work of the rolling bearing.
4. According to the invention, after the signals are fused, the fused signals are subjected to fault on-line diagnosis, and the complementarity, redundancy and correlation of the signals of each sensor are considered, so that the fused signals more comprehensively reflect the integral vibration characteristics of the bearing to be tested, the omission of effective information is avoided, and the fault diagnosis result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fault simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention in a top view and in electrical connection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a fault simulation experiment device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the fault simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a signal diagram of the force sensor in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a signal diagram of the X-direction acceleration sensor in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a signal diagram of the Y-direction acceleration sensor in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is a graph of temperature sensor signals in example 1.
FIG. 8 is the first embodiment of example 1iThe first sensorjSignal cross-correlation graphs of individual sensors.
Fig. 9 is a graph of normalized signal energy of the force sensor signal in example 1.
Fig. 10 is a signal energy normalization signal diagram of the X-direction acceleration sensor in example 1.
Fig. 11 is a signal energy normalization signal diagram of the Y-direction acceleration sensor in embodiment 1.
Fig. 12 is a graph of normalized signal energy of the temperature sensor signal in example 1.
FIG. 13 is a signal fusion diagram in example 1.
Fig. 14 is a graph of the fault Teager energy spectrum of the outer race of the bearing to be tested in example 1.
Fig. 15 is a graph of the energy spectrum of the fault Teager for the inner race of the bearing to be tested in example 1.
Fig. 16 is a graph of the fault Teager energy spectrum of the bearing rolling element to be tested in example 1.
In the figure, a 1-driving motor, a 2-bearing seat, a 3-rotating shaft, a 4-test bearing fixing seat, a 5-friction torque testing device, a 6-force sensor, a 7-EHA hydraulic loading device, an 8-vibration-proof base, a 9-first coupler, a 10-X direction acceleration sensor, an 11-Y direction acceleration sensor, a 12-motor supporting seat, a 13-universal wheel, a 14-bracket, a 15-temperature sensor, a 16-computer, a 17-cabinet, an 18-data acquisition terminal, a 19-bearing to be tested and a 20-second coupler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device comprises a driving motor 1, a bearing seat 2, a rotating shaft 3, a test bearing fixing seat 4, a friction torque testing device 5, a force sensor 6, an EHA hydraulic loading device 7, a vibration-proof base 8, an X-direction acceleration sensor 10, a Y-direction acceleration sensor 11, a motor supporting seat 12, a bracket 14, a temperature sensor 15, a computer 16, a data acquisition terminal 18 and a second coupling 20, wherein the driving motor 1 is fixedly connected with the vibration-proof base 8 through the motor supporting seat 12, the bearing seat 2 is fixedly arranged on the vibration-proof base 8, a bearing is arranged in the bearing seat 2, the test bearing fixing seat 4 is connected with the bracket 14 through the friction torque testing device 5, the bracket 14 is fixedly arranged on the vibration-proof base 8, a bearing 19 to be tested is fixedly arranged in the test bearing fixing seat 4, the output end of the driving motor 1 is connected with one end of the rotating shaft 3 through a second coupling 20, the rotating shaft 3 is connected with a bearing installed in the bearing seat 2 in a matched manner, the other end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the bearing in the bearing seat 2 and is connected with a bearing 19 to be tested installed in the test bearing fixing seat 4 in a matched manner, the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 is positioned at one side of the test bearing fixing seat 4 and corresponds to the position of the test bearing fixing seat 4, the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 is fixedly installed on the vibration-proof base 8, the force sensor 6 is installed on the EHA hydraulic loading device 7, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10 is fixedly installed on the side surface of the test bearing fixing seat 4 far away from the EHA hydraulic loading device 7, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the test bearing fixing seat 4, the output ends of the friction torque testing device 5, the force sensor 6, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 are connected with the input end of the data acquisition terminal 18, and the output end of the data acquisition terminal 18 is connected with the input end of the computer 16. Before an experiment is started, firstly, a driving motor 1, a rotating shaft 3, a test bearing fixing seat 4, a friction torque testing device 5, a bearing 19 to be tested and other components are installed, the rotating shaft 3, the bearing in a bearing seat 2 and the bearing 19 to be tested are connected through conventional clearance fit according to actual needs, then an EHA hydraulic loading device 7 is installed at a corresponding position, a force sensor 6 is installed on the EHA hydraulic loading device 7, an X-direction acceleration sensor 10, a Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and a temperature sensor 15 are installed on the test bearing fixing seat 4 at the same time, then all the sensors are connected with a signal transmission line of a data acquisition terminal 18, then the data acquisition terminal 18 is connected with a computer 16, the force sensor 6, the EHA hydraulic loading device 7, the data acquisition terminal 18 and the computer 16 are started, the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 loads the test bearing fixing seat 4, and the load loaded by the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 is adjusted to a required value. Then, the driving motor 1, the friction torque testing device 5, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15 are started, the driving motor 1 drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate, the bearing 19 to be tested starts to work under the load condition, a fault simulation experiment starts, in the simulation experiment process, the friction torque testing device 5 and each sensor transmit induction signals to the data acquisition terminal 18 in real time, the data acquisition terminal 18 receives the induction signals and converts the induction signals into digital signals and then transmits the digital signals to the computer 16 for storage, the data acquisition terminal 18 can realize the functions of data receiving and converting by adopting an A/D converter, and when a follow-up worker performs fault diagnosis and prediction work, the data stored in the computer 16 is directly searched and called to serve as a support for analysis and prediction work, and in the whole simulation experiment process, the work data of the bearing 19 to be tested is transmitted in real time and stored in the computer 16, so that the acquired data quantity is rich, the working personnel perform fault diagnosis and prediction work, the usable data quantity is more, and the data supporting effect is good. Meanwhile, in the simulation experiment process, load loading is directly carried out on the test bearing fixing seat 4, so that load loading of the bearing 19 to be tested is realized, the probability that the rotating shaft 3 is directly subjected to load to be damaged is reduced, the experiment cost is saved, the simulation experiment condition is more similar to the actual working condition of the bearing 19 to be tested, and the improvement of the reliability of collected data is facilitated.
The rotating shafts 3 are of segmented structures, and two adjacent sections of rotating shafts 3 are connected through a first coupler 9.
The rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device also comprises a cabinet body 17, the vibration-proof base 8 is fixedly arranged on the cabinet body 17, and the universal wheels 13 are arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body 17. The cabinet body 17 can be used for placing the common experimental components of the storage part, and the universal wheel 13 can conveniently push the cabinet body 17 to move so as to realize the movement of the whole rolling bearing fault simulation experimental device, and the universal wheel 13 is locked in the experimental process and when the experimental device is not required to move.
The loading mode of the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 includes: constant force loading, triangular waveform loading and trapezoidal variation loading are input. Because the rolling bearing is also diversified in the load loading modes received in the actual work, the various loading modes of the EHA hydraulic loading device 7 can simulate the fault condition of the rolling bearing under different loading modes, so that the matching degree of the simulation experiment and the actual condition is further improved.
Example 1
In the embodiment, 1 bearing to be tested is taken for fault simulation experiment, the EHA hydraulic loading device loads the bearing to be tested in a constant force mode, the load is 3KN, and the sampling frequency is 51.2kHz.
Firstly, before a fault simulation experiment is not carried out, calculating a theoretical value of the defect frequency of the bearing to be detected, wherein parameters of the bearing to be detected are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
By the formulaAnd calculating to obtain the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the outer ring of the bearing to be detected as BPFO= 107.13Hz.
By the formulaAnd calculating to obtain the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the bearing inner ring to be detected as 162.42Hz.
By the formulaAnd calculating to obtain the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the rolling body of the bearing to be detected as BPFI= 141.28Hz.
The bearing to be tested in this embodiment is subjected to fault simulation experiment and on-line diagnosis, the rotation speed of the driving motor is 1797r/min, the signals transmitted by the signal fusion module in this embodiment, which receive the force sensor 6, the X-direction acceleration sensor 10, the Y-direction acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 15, are shown in fig. 4-7, and are a group of signals with n=16384, based on the signals received by the signal fusion module, the signals are represented by the formulaThe cross-correlation of the calculated signals is shown in figure 8, 0 </in the formulai≤4，0＜j≤4，mThe time coordinate shift values when the cross-correlation calculation is performed for the signals,Lis the total data length of the test signal,Nfor a total set of sensor signalsThe number of the product is the number,kis a different set of signals from the sensor,x i,t is the computer attReceived at the timeiThe signal values of the individual sensors are used,x j,t+m is the computer att+mReceived at the timejSignal values of the individual sensors.
By the formulaCalculated signal energy e= 1.4815 ×10 13 。
By the formulaCalculating the related energy E of each sensor Force sensor =1.0872×10 11 ，E X-direction acceleration sensor =3.3285×10 3 ，E Y-direction acceleration sensor =4.026×10 3 ，E Temperature sensor =1.0987×10 7 In the formula,ris the total number of sensors.
By the formulaThe energy normalized signal of each sensor is calculated as shown in fig. 9-12.
By the formulaCalculating to obtain the average value mu of each sensor Force sensor = 0.008、μ X-direction acceleration sensor = -0.000132、μ Y-direction acceleration sensor = -0.000137、μ Temperature sensor = 0.00781。
By the formulaCalculating the variance sigma of each sensor 2 Force sensor =9.57×10 -9 、σ 2 X-direction acceleration sensor =6.11×10 -5 、σ 2 Y-direction acceleration sensor =6.16×10 -5 、σ 2 Temperature sensor =3.25×10 -11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Through the maleAnd、Calculating to obtain a fusion coefficient k Force sensor = 0.101；k X-direction acceleration sensor = 0.386；k Y-direction acceleration sensor = 0.412；k Temperature sensor = 0.101。
By the formulaThe calculated fusion value is shown in fig. 13.
And demodulating the fusion value by using a Teager energy operator to obtain a Teager energy spectrum, as shown in figures 14-16.
As can be seen from FIG. 14, the Teager energy spectrum has a frequency of 109.4Hz very close to the theoretical value 107.13Hz of the defect frequency of the outer ring, and has obvious frequency multiplication characteristic frequencies of 2-7fchTherefore, the occurrence of the outer ring fault of the bearing to be detected can be judged.
As can be seen from FIG. 15, the Teager energy spectrum has a frequency of 161.4Hz which is very close to the theoretical value 162.42Hz of the defect frequency of the inner ring, and has obvious frequency multiplication characteristic frequencies of 2-5fchTherefore, the occurrence of the inner ring fault of the bearing to be detected can be judged.
As can be seen from FIG. 16, the Teager energy spectrum has a frequency 142.1Hz very close to the 141.28Hz of the fault characteristic frequency of the rolling bodies and has obvious frequency multiplication characteristic frequencies 2-3fchTherefore, the occurrence of rolling element faults of the bearing to be detected can be judged.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a fault simulation experiment is performed by the same method using a bearing to be tested with the same parameters as in embodiment 1, and the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: in this embodiment, the bearing to be tested is loaded with a triangular wave form.
The bearing fault diagnosis result to be measured in this embodiment is similar to that in embodiment 1.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a fault simulation experiment is performed by the same method using a bearing to be tested with the same parameters as in embodiment 1, and the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: in this embodiment, the bearing to be tested is loaded in a trapezoidal variation.
The bearing fault diagnosis result to be measured in this embodiment is similar to that in embodiment 1.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a antifriction bearing trouble simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device comprises a driving motor (1), a bearing seat (2), a rotating shaft (3), a test bearing fixing seat (4), a friction torque test device (5), a force sensor (6), an EHA hydraulic loading device (7), a vibration-proof base (8), an X-direction acceleration sensor (10), a Y-direction acceleration sensor (11), a motor supporting seat (12), a bracket (14), a temperature sensor (15), a computer (16), a data acquisition terminal (18) and a second coupling (20), wherein the driving motor (1) is fixedly connected with the vibration-proof base (8) through the motor supporting seat (12), the bearing seat (2) is fixedly arranged on the vibration-proof base (8) and is internally provided with a bearing, the test bearing fixing seat (4) is connected with the bracket (14) through the friction torque test device (5), the bracket (14) is fixedly arranged on the base (8), a bearing (19) to be tested is fixedly arranged in the test bearing fixing seat (4), the output end of the driving motor (1) is fixedly connected with one end of the vibration-proof base (3) through the second coupling (20), the bearing fit connection of pivot (3) and bearing frame (2) interior installation and pivot (3) other end pass bearing in bearing frame (2) with bearing (19) to be tested of installation in test bearing fixing base (4) fit connection, EHA hydraulic loading device (7) are located test bearing fixing base (4) one side and correspond with test bearing fixing base (4) position, EHA hydraulic loading device (7) fixed mounting is on vibration-proof base (8), force sensor (6) are installed on EHA hydraulic loading device (7), X direction acceleration sensor (10) fixed mounting is on the side of test bearing fixing base (4) one side of keeping away from EHA hydraulic loading device (7), Y direction acceleration sensor (11) and temperature sensor (15) fixed mounting are on test bearing fixing base (4) top surface, friction torque testing device (5), force sensor (6), X direction acceleration sensor (10), Y direction acceleration sensor (11), temperature sensor (15) output with data acquisition terminal (18) are connected with data acquisition terminal (18), data acquisition terminal (18) are connected with input terminal (16).
2. The rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating shafts (3) are of segmented structures, and two adjacent segments of rotating shafts (3) are connected through a first coupler (9).
3. The rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device also comprises a cabinet body (17), the vibration-proof base (8) is fixedly arranged on the cabinet body (17), and the universal wheel (13) is arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body (17).
4. The rolling bearing fault simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the loading mode of the EHA hydraulic loading device (7) comprises the following steps: constant force loading, triangular waveform loading and trapezoidal variation loading are input.
5. A method for online diagnosis of a rolling bearing failure for use in the apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps of:
s1: the signal fusion module fuses the data transmitted to the computer (16) by the data acquisition terminal (18) in the simulation experiment process to obtain a fusion value;
s2: and the fault diagnosis module demodulates the Teager energy operator of the fusion value obtained in the step S1 to obtain a Teager energy spectrum fusion value, the visual terminal performs visual display on a signal received by a computer (16) and the Teager energy spectrum, performs fault feature extraction based on the Teager energy spectrum fusion value, and compares the extracted fault frequency with a theoretical value to obtain the fault condition of the bearing (19) to be detected.
6. The online diagnosis method for faults of rolling bearings according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S1, the process of the signal fusion module for fusion processing specifically includes:
after the force sensor (6), the X-direction acceleration sensor (10), the Y-direction acceleration sensor (11) and the temperature sensor (15) transmit signals to the data acquisition terminal (18), the data acquisition terminal (18) converts the electric signals into digital signals and then retransmits the signals to the computer (16), and the signal fusion module in the computer (16) receives 4 signals at the same time t, wherein the cross-correlation of the signals of the ith sensor and the jth sensor satisfies:wherein i is more than 0 and less than or equal to 4, j is more than 0 and less than or equal to 4, m is a time coordinate movement value when signals are subjected to cross correlation calculation, L is the total data length of test signals, N is the total number of groups of sensor signals, k is the signals of different groups of sensors, and x is the total number of groups of sensor signals i,t Is the signal value of the ith sensor, x, received by the computer at t j,t+m Is the signal value of the j-th sensor received by the computer at t+m;
by the formulaCalculating to obtain signal energy E;
energy E associated with the ith sensor and other sensor signals i By the formulaCalculating, wherein r is the total number of sensors;
energy normalized signal y of ith sensor at time t i By the formulaCalculating to obtain;
by the formulaCalculating the mean mu of the ith sensor i ；
By the formulaCalculating the variance of the ith sensor +.>；
By the formulaCalculating the variance contribution rate K of the ith sensor i ；
By the formulaCalculating to obtain a fusion coefficient of the ith sensor;
the fusion value of the ith sensor at time t is calculated by the formulaAnd (5) calculating to obtain the product.
7. An online diagnostic method for rolling bearing faults as claimed in claim 5The method is characterized in that: in the step S2, the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the outer ring of the bearing to be detected passes through the formulaCalculating, wherein Z is the number of rolling bodies of the bearing to be measured, theta is a contact angle, D is the pitch diameter of the bearing to be measured, D is the diameter of the rolling bodies of the bearing to be measured, and f r Dividing the rotation speed of the driving motor by 60;
the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the bearing inner ring to be measured is calculated by the formulaCalculating;
the theoretical value of the defect frequency of the rolling body of the bearing to be measured is calculated by a formulaAnd (5) calculating.
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