CN117868976A - Tailing filling treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tailing filling treatment method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water, and granulating to obtain granular tailings; (2) Mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water to obtain filling slurry, and filling. According to the method, the granulated tailings are obtained by granulating and pre-treating the tailings, so that the mass concentration of filling slurry is improved, the filling treatment amount of the tailings is increased, and the large treatment of the tailings based on a filling mode is realized. Compared with other filling modes, the filling material has more excellent compression strength, fluidity and other filling performances, and can effectively reduce the glue-sand ratio and the filling cost.

Description

Tailing filling treatment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of mine filling, in particular to a tailing filling treatment method.

Background

Disposal utilization of beneficiation tailings is an important factor in impeding the development of green mines. Firstly, from the aspects of cost and practicality, the high-value utilization of tailings (valuable element extraction, nonmetallic mineral extraction, brick making, ceramic making, cement making and the like) has a plurality of defects, mainly defects in the technical and economic market and engineering or small-scale application, and is difficult to solve; secondly, the problems of no tailing pond, insufficient storage capacity of the old tailing pond and the like are also realistic, the development of green mines is not utilized when random earth surface dumping is carried out, and the defects of proper disposal field utilization exist in earth surface dry pile ecological planting, saline-alkali soil restoration and the like; thirdly, space replacement of underground building material ore exploitation is a better disposal way of tailings, but a plurality of problems exist; finally, the current filling technology and process of the tailings are low in concentration of the prepared filling slurry in consideration of the processes of thickening, conveying, stope dehydration and the like, and the viscosity of the tailings is high, so that the concentration of the filling slurry is improved, and the pipeline transportation is not facilitated, so that the filling utilization amount of the tailings is low, and important technical support is difficult to provide for the reduction treatment of the tailings. In summary, the existing tailing disposal approaches have more problems in terms of technical economy, engineering and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems: the viscosity of the tailings is large, the concentration of filling slurry is improved, and the pipeline transportation is not facilitated, so that the filling utilization amount of the tailings is small, and the large filling treatment of the tailings is not easy to realize.

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a tailing filling treatment method, which is used for obtaining granular tailings by granulating and preprocessing the tailings, improving the mass concentration of filling slurry, increasing the filling treatment amount of the tailings and realizing large treatment of the tailings based on a filling mode. Compared with other filling modes, the filling material has more excellent compression strength, fluidity and other filling performances, can effectively reduce the glue-sand ratio and reduce the filling cost.

The embodiment of the invention provides a tailing filling treatment method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water, and granulating to obtain granular tailings;

(2) Mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water to obtain filling slurry, and filling.

The tailing filling treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages and technical effects. The granulated tailings are obtained through granulating pretreatment of the tailings, the particle size is increased, the mass concentration of filling slurry is improved, the filling treatment amount of the tailings is increased, and compared with the original tailings treatment mode, the tailing treatment amount is increased by more than 30%, the problem that the tailings are difficult to treat due to the filling mode is solved, the ecological environment is protected, and the green mine development goal is reached. Compared with other filling modes, the mortar has more excellent filling performances such as compressive strength, fluidity and the like, can effectively reduce the mortar ratio, further reduce the consumption of cementing materials, reduce the filling cost, effectively avoid the technical difficulties such as thickening, conveying, stope dehydration and the like of the tailings, and has the dual advantages of promoting the realization of large filling treatment of the tailings.

In some embodiments, in the step (1), the mass of the particles having a particle diameter of 2.5mm to 10mm in the granulated tailing is not less than 80% of the total mass of the granulated tailing.

In some embodiments, in the step (1), the mass of the particles with the particle size of 2.5 mm-5 mm in the granular tailings is 25% -30% of the total mass of the granular tailings, and the mass of the particles with the particle size of 5 mm-10 mm in the granular tailings is 65% -70% of the total mass of the granular tailings.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the mass of the binder is no more than 10% of the mass of the tailings;

and/or the mass of the water is not higher than 20% of the mass of the tailings.

In some embodiments, in the step (1), the mass percentage of particles below 40 μm in the tailings is not less than 50%;

and/or the binder comprises at least one of cement, low cost cement; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the tailings are dewatered tailings, the dewatered tailings resulting from dewatering a tailings slurry containing the tailings.

In some embodiments, in step (1), after pelletization, curing is performed under natural conditions to obtain a granular tailing.

In some embodiments, in step (2), the mass ratio of the cementitious material to the granular tailings is 1:10-40 parts;

and/or the cementing material comprises at least one of cement, low cost cementing material; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste.

In some embodiments, in the step (2), the filler slurry has a mass percentage concentration of 75% -85%;

and/or slump of the filling slurry is not less than 25cm.

In some embodiments, the tailings packing treatment method employs a tailings granulating cement-packing process system, comprising:

the granulator is provided with a first feed inlet and a first granule outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is used for introducing granulated raw materials of the granulated tailings, the granulator is used for preparing the granulated raw materials of the granulated tailings into granulated tailings, and the first granule outlet is used for discharging the granulated tailings;

the outlet of the cementing material feeding device is used for discharging cementing materials;

a first water supply pipe for supplying water;

the inlet of the stirrer is communicated with the outlet of the cementing material feeding device, the outlet of the first water supply pipe and the first granule outlet, the stirrer is used for stirring the granular tailings, the cementing material and water according to a preset proportion so as to prepare filling slurry, and the outlet of the stirrer is communicated with a filling pipeline.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of uniaxial compressive strength of the pack cementite of the tailings of example 1.

Fig. 2 is the slump of the packed slurry of the tailings and granular tailings of example 1.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the tailing granulation co-filling treatment in example 1.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the grain size distribution of the granular tailings of example 1.

FIG. 5 is the uniaxial compressive strength of the pack cementite of the granular tailings of example 1.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tailings granulating cement-based packing process system employed in the tailings-based packing treatment method of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. the granulator, 11, the first feed inlet, 12 and the first granule outlet;

2. the cementing material feeding device, 21, the cementing material bin, 22 and the cementing material feeding machine;

3. 31 parts of a stirrer, 32 parts of a first water supply pipe, 33 parts of a stirring shaft, 34 parts of a collection sensor, 35 parts of a first flowmeter and 35 parts of a fifth flowmeter;

4. the binder feeding device, 41, the binder bin, 42 and the binder feeding machine;

5. the mixer 51, the second feed inlet 52 and the second discharge outlet;

6. a second water supply pipe 61, a second flowmeter;

7. a first pipe body 71, a third flowmeter 72, a tailing concentrating device 73, a second pipe body 74, a fourth flowmeter 75, a first pump body 76 and a filter press;

8. a storage bin 81, a buffer bin 82 and a level gauge;

91. a first feeder 92, a second feeder 93, a third feeder 94, a fourth feeder 95 and a fifth feeder.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The tailing filling treatment method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water, and granulating to obtain granular tailings;

(2) Mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water to obtain filling slurry, and filling.

According to the tailing filling treatment method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the granulated tailings are obtained by granulating and pre-treating the tailings, the particle size is increased, the mass concentration of filling slurry is improved, the filling treatment amount of the tailings is increased by more than 30% compared with the original tailing treatment mode, the large treatment of the tailings based on the filling mode is realized, the problem of difficult treatment due to reduction of the filling of the tailings is solved, and the aims of protecting the ecological environment and trampling green mine development are fulfilled. Compared with other filling modes, the mortar has more excellent filling performances such as compressive strength, fluidity and the like, can effectively reduce the mortar ratio, further reduce the consumption of cementing materials, reduce the filling cost, effectively avoid the technical difficulties such as thickening, conveying, stope dehydration and the like of the tailings, and has the dual advantages of promoting the realization of large filling treatment of the tailings.

In some embodiments, the filled target comprises a mine.

In some embodiments, the filling is self-flowing.

In some embodiments, the filled cement is obtained after filling.

In some embodiments, the tailings and binder are mixed prior to mixing with water.

In some embodiments, in particular, the tailing filling disposal method comprises the steps of:

1) Determining a target particle size range of the required granular tailings according to the strength of the filling cementing body and the flowability of the filling slurry required by the filling target;

2) According to the required target particle size range of the granular tailing, two factors of the binder dosage and the water dosage of wet granulation are subjected to influence tests, and two target granulation parameters, namely the target binder dosage and the target water dosage, are determined;

3) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water according to the target binder dosage and the target water dosage, and granulating to obtain granular tailings;

4) Performing an influence test of different glue sand ratios of the cementing material and the granular tailings and/or mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry, and determining a target glue sand ratio of the cementing material and the granular tailings and/or a target mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry; preferably, the impact test comprises a uniaxial compressive strength test of the filled cement;

5) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water according to the target particle size range, the target binder dosage and the target water dosage of the granular tailings, and granulating to obtain the granular tailings; and mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water according to the target sand ratio and/or the target mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry to obtain the filling slurry, and filling.

In the embodiment of the invention, the filling experience of a filling target (such as a mine) is combined, the glue-sand ratio and the slurry mass concentration are comprehensively considered, and the target particle size range after the tail sand granulation is determined according to the technical parameters required by the filling target, namely the strength of a filling cementing body and the flowability of the filling slurry, so that the purpose of self-flowing cementing filling after the tail sand granulation is achieved.

The granulation of the tailings is to determine the optimal addition amount of the binder and the addition amount of the granulated tailings, so that two factor influence tests of the binder dosage and the wet granulation water dosage are carried out in combination with the target particle size range, and the granulation parameters are determined, thereby laying a foundation for the granulation of the tailings.

And 2) carrying out industrial granulation on the tailings by adding the binder amount and the water amount determined in the step 2), carrying out granular conversion on powdery tailings, and adjusting the specific content of each particle size according to the filling scale or the pipe diameter of a filling pipe when different mining industries are applied.

And then verifying the filling characteristics of the granulated tailings, carrying out the filling expansion test work of the granulated tailings, and examining the filling slurry characteristics of the granulated tailings with different cement-sand ratios and different mass percentage concentrations, wherein the characteristics comprise uniaxial compressive strength of a filling cementing body under different conditions, finally verifying the target particle size of the mine granulated tailings, and verifying the adaptability of the filling slurry proportioning parameters based on the particle size according to the mine filling requirements.

And finally, carrying out industrial granulation of the tailings according to granulation conditions (optimal addition amount of the binder and water content of the tailings) and final target particle size, and carrying out high-concentration self-flowing filling of the granular tailings by adopting the granular tailings according to the determined filling slurry proportioning parameters.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the mass percent of particles in the tailings that are 40 μm or less (specifically, for example, 40 μm or less, 30 μm or less, 20 μm or less) is not less than 50%, specifically, for example, 50%,60%,70%,80%; and/or, the tailings comprise silica, alumina; and/or the tailings comprise metal ore tailings and/or nonmetallic ore tailings, optionally, the metal ore comprises at least one of gold ore and iron ore; the nonmetallic ore includes fluorite ore.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the mass of the particles having a particle size of 2.5mm to 10mm (specifically, for example, 2.5mm,4mm,5mm,7.5mm,10 mm) in the granular tailings is not less than 80%, specifically, for example, 80%,90%,92%,94%,96%,97%,98%,99%,100% of the total mass of the granular tailings; optionally, the particle size of the granular tailings is 2.5-10 mm; preferably, the mass of the particles with the particle size of 2.5-5 mm in the granular tailings is 25% -30% of the total mass of the granular tailings, specifically, for example, 25%,26%,27%,28%,29%,30%, and the mass of the particles with the particle size of 5-10mm in the granular tailings is 65% -70%, specifically, for example, 65%,66%,67%,68%,69%,70%, of the total mass of the granular tailings; alternatively, the mass of the particles having a particle diameter of less than 2.5mm in the granulated tailing is 0 to 20% of the total mass of the granulated tailing, specifically, for example, 1%,5%,10%,15%,20%. In the embodiment of the invention, the specific content of each particle grade can be adjusted according to filling process parameters such as filling scale or pipe diameter of a filling pipe when different mining industries are applied. By optimizing the different particle size contents in the granular tailings, the fluidity of the filling slurry is improved, the mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry is improved, the pipeline transportation is facilitated, the self-flowing cemented filling is realized, and the large-scale treatment of the tailings based on a filling mode is facilitated. Through a great deal of experimental researches, the granular tailings are used for filling, the grain size distribution is considered, and if only 5-10mm granular tailings are used for filling, materials such as non-granulated tailings and the like are required to be added for coarse and fine matching, so that the required filling effect can be achieved. The granular tailing of the invention can be directly used for mine filling with the sand proportion of 100% in filling slurry, and the non-granulated tailing or other materials are not required to be added, mainly because the granular tailing of the invention contains 2.5-5 mm particles, and secondly, the granular tailing of the invention adopts natural curing, and the falling of fine particles on the surface layer is beneficial to the workability of the slurry in the process of preparing the filling slurry after natural curing for the granular tailing of a certain age, therefore, the invention can realize the filling slurry filling with the hundred percent of the granular tailing by controlling the particle size distribution of the granulated tailing, and the filling effect is improved.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the binder comprises at least one of cement, low cost cement; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste, preferably, the cement comprises at least one of ordinary Portland cement 32.5 or 42.5, and the industrial waste comprises at least one of blast furnace water quenching slag, steel slag, fly ash, silica fume, red mud, desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum and fluorgypsum; and/or the mass of the binder is not higher than 10%, specifically, for example, 10%,8%,5%,3% of the mass of the tailings; in the embodiment of the invention, the addition amount of the binder is optimized, so that the low-cost granulation is realized, and the filling cost is reduced.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the mass of the water is no higher than 20%, specifically, for example, 20%,15%,10%,5% of the mass of the tailings. In the embodiment of the invention, the addition amount of water is optimized, so that the particle size distribution and the natural curing time of the granular rear tailings can be controlled.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the granulating employs a disk granulator.

In some embodiments, in the step (1), after pelletization, curing is performed under natural conditions to obtain a granular tailing; optionally, the natural condition is normal temperature and normal pressure; preferably, the curing time is 1-3 days, specifically, for example, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days. In the embodiment of the invention, the granular tailing is not required to be specially cured, and only needs to be cured for 1-3 days under natural conditions. By utilizing the unstable surface layer property of the naturally maintained granular tailing, the falling of fine particles on the surface layer is beneficial to the workability of the slurry in the process of preparing the filling slurry, the filling effect is improved, other fine particle tailings are not required to be additionally added in the filling application process, the measures of feeding equipment for adding other fine particle tailings are not required, the preparation system of the filling slurry is simplified, and the problem of matching the particle sizes of the granulated tailings is solved.

The granular tailings of the present invention do not require special maintenance, such as steam maintenance. Steam curing is a special curing condition, which comprises the steps of increasing the temperature and the humidity to promote the granulated tailings to be quickly spherical, and improving the hydration reaction of the binder, and the special curing condition requires special curing equipment and has higher cost. More importantly, from the technical point of view, fine particles on the surface layer of the granular tailing sand fall off when the filling slurry is prepared by steam curing, so that the granular tailing sand under the curing condition needs to be added with fine particles for matching in the use process, and the natural curing condition of the invention can avoid the problem.

In some embodiments, in step (2), the mass ratio of the cementitious material to the granular tailings is 1:10-40, specifically, for example, 1:10,1:11,1:20,1:30,1:40. in the embodiment of the invention, the strength requirements of different mines on the filling cementing body are different, when the granulating is completed and the granulating tailings are used for preparing the filling slurry, the compressive strength requirements of different mines on the filling body can be realized by adjusting the cement-sand ratio, and the minimum cement-sand ratio, the minimum cementing material consumption and the minimum cost are realized on the premise of meeting the mine requirements.

In some embodiments, in step (2), the cementitious material comprises at least one of cement, a low cost cementitious material; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste, preferably, the cement comprises at least one of ordinary Portland cement 32.5 or 42.5, and the industrial waste comprises at least one of blast furnace water quenching slag, steel slag, fly ash, silica fume, red mud, desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum and fluorgypsum.

In some embodiments, in step (2), the filler slurry has a mass percent concentration of 75% -85%, specifically, for example, 75%,76%,77%,78%,79%,80%,81%,82%,83%,84%,85%; and/or slump of the filler slurry is not less than 25cm, specifically, for example, 25cm,26cm,27cm,28cm,29cm,30cm. In the embodiment of the invention, the mass percentage concentration and slump of the filling slurry are optimized, so that the fluidity of the filling slurry and the compressive strength of the filling body are improved. If the concentration of the filling slurry is too low, the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling body at each age is not improved; when the pressure is too high, the pipeline conveying and the self-flowing cemented filling are not facilitated. When slump is too low, flowability is relatively poor.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the tailings are dewatered tailings, the dewatered tailings resulting from dewatering a tailings slurry containing the tailings.

In some embodiments, the tailings fill treatment method employs a tailings granulating cement-fill process system.

The following describes a tailings granulating cement-filling process system according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 6, the system for a tailings granulating, cementing, and filling process according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a granulator 1, a cement feeding device 2, a first water supply pipe 31, and a mixer 3.

The granulator 1 has a first feed opening 11 for feeding the granulated raw material for the granulation of the granulated tailings, the granulator 1 for producing the granulated raw material for the granulation of the granulated tailings into granulated tailings, and a first granule outlet 12 for discharging the granulated tailings. Specifically, the granulated tailing granulating raw material includes tailings and a binder, optionally, the tailings are dehydrated tailings (tailings with a low water content), and the granulator 1 can granulate the loose granulated tailings into spherical granulated tailings with a larger particle size.

The outlet of the cement feeding device 2 is used for discharging the cement. The first water supply pipe 31 is for supplying water. The inlet of the mixer 3 is communicated with the outlet of the cementing material feeding device 2, the outlet of the first water supply pipe 31 and the first granule outlet 12, the mixer 3 is used for mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water according to a preset proportion so as to prepare filling slurry, and the outlet of the mixer 3 is communicated with a filling pipeline.

According to the tailing granulating, cementing and filling process system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, loose granular tailing granulating raw materials are firstly granulated by a granulator, and then the granular tailing, the cementing material and water are stirred and mixed according to a preset proportion so as to form filling slurry. Compared with the method that the tailing slurry of the tailing is directly led into the filling pipeline, the tailing is made into particles, and then the particles are mixed with the cementing material and water to form filling slurry, so that the concentration of the tailing in the filling slurry is higher, the water in the filling slurry is less, the spherical granular tailing is less in abrasion to the pipeline in the flowing process of the filling pipeline, and the resistance of the spherical granular tailing is less, so that the filling efficiency is increased. Therefore, the tailing granulating, cementing and filling process system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantage of high filling efficiency.

As shown in fig. 6, the system for a tailings granulating, cementing and filling process according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a granulator 1, a cement feeding device 2, a first water supply pipe 31, a mixer 3, a dehydrating device, a binder feeding device 4, a mixer 5, a second water supply pipe 6, a storage bin 8, and a surge bin 81.

Further comprising a dewatering device for dewatering a tailings slurry containing tailings to produce a dewatered tailings, optionally the ratio of the mass of water in the dewatered tailings to the mass of the dewatered tailings being (0-0.15): 1. and introducing the tailings from the factory or the tailings after grading into a dehydration device to obtain loose dehydrated tailings. For example, the mass ratio of water in the dewatered tailings to the mass of the dewatered tailings is 0.1:1.

as shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments, the dewatering device includes a first pipe 7, a tailings concentrating device 72, a second pipe 73, and a filter press 76.

The inlet of the first pipe body 7 is used for introducing the tail mortar, the inlet of the tail sand concentration device 72 is communicated with the outlet of the first pipe body 7, and the tail sand concentration device 72 is used for carrying out primary dehydration on the tail mortar. I.e. the first pipe 7 is fed to the tailings slurry of the tailings concentration apparatus 72 for primary dewatering, so as to reduce the water content in the tailings slurry. For example, the tailings concentrating apparatus 72 is a sand silo or a deep cone thickener.

The second pipe body 73 is provided with a first pump body 75, an inlet of the filter press 76 is communicated with an outlet of the tailing concentrating device 72 through the second pipe body 73, and the filter press 76 carries out secondary dehydration on the tailing slurry so as to prepare dehydrated tailing. That is, the tailings slurry after the primary dehydration is introduced into the filter press 76 under the action of the first pump body 75, so that the filter press 76 can perform secondary dehydration on the tailings slurry, thereby obtaining dehydrated tailings, and the dehydrated tailings have low water content, thereby being convenient for producing granular tailings. For example, the first pump body 75 is a slurry pump.

As shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments, a third flowmeter 71 is provided on the first pipe 7, where the third flowmeter 71 is configured to monitor the flow rate of the tail mortar in the first pipe 7, and thus, the amount of tail mortar discharged from the first pipe 7.

The second pipe 73 is provided with a fourth flowmeter 74, and the fourth flowmeter 74 is used for monitoring the flow of the tail mortar in the second pipe 73, so as to monitor the tail mortar amount discharged by the second pipe 73. For example, the third flowmeter 71 and the fourth flowmeter 74 are electromagnetic flowmeters.

As shown in fig. 6, the adhesive feeding device 4 is further included, and an outlet of the adhesive feeding device 4 is used for discharging the adhesive. Specifically, the adhesive feeding device 4 includes an adhesive bin 41 and an adhesive feeder 42, the adhesive bin 41 is used for storing adhesive, and the adhesive in the adhesive bin 41 is fed into the mixer 5 through the adhesive feeder 42. For example, the adhesive feeder 42 is a double bolt micro-scale feeder.

The mixer 5 is provided with a second feed inlet 51 and a second discharge outlet 52, the second feed inlet 51 is used for feeding the dehydrated tailings, the outlet of the binder feeding device 4 is communicated with the second feed inlet 51, and the mixer 5 is used for mixing the dehydrated tailings and the binder so as to form granulated tailings granulating raw materials. Specifically, a first feeder 91 is provided between the filter press 76 and the mixer 5, and the dewatered tailings discharged from the filter press 76 are introduced into the mixer 5 through the first feeder 91. The first feeder 91 may quantitatively feed the dehydrated tailings into the second feed port 51 of the mixer 5, and the adhesive feeder 42 may quantitatively feed the adhesive in the adhesive bin 41 into the second feed port 51 of the mixer 5. The dewatered tailings and the binder are mixed in the mixer to form the agglomerate tailings, so that the agglomerate tailings are dispersed and uniformly mixed with the binder to form loose granulated tailings granulating raw materials, and the subsequent granulating is facilitated. For example, the first feeder 91 is a quantitative feeder.

As shown in fig. 6, the device further comprises a second water supply pipe, wherein a second flowmeter 61 is arranged on the second water supply pipe 6, and the second flowmeter 61 is used for monitoring the drainage flow of the second water supply pipe 6. The granulator 1 has a first water inlet, the outlet of the second water supply pipe 6 being in communication with the first water inlet, the granulator 1 being capable of producing granulated tailings from water and granulated tailings granulation material. Specifically, a granulated tailing granulation raw material including dehydrated tailings and a binder may be subjected to a granulation process in the granulator 1 by adding a certain amount of water so that the morphology of the granulated tailing granulation raw material becomes granular.

In some embodiments, a second feeder 92 is disposed between the mixer 5 and the granulator 1, and the granulated tailing granulated material discharged from the mixer 5 is introduced into the granulator 1 through the second feeder 92. For example, the second feeder 92 is a belt conveyor, and the second feeder 92 may feed in a fixed amount.

In some embodiments, the granulated tailing produced by the granulator 1 may be fed into the mixer 3 after being cured at normal temperature and pressure for a first preset time, optionally 24 hours or more, specifically, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days. Specifically, the granulated tailing produced by the granulator 1 can be cured (left to stand) under natural conditions (at normal temperature and pressure), thereby facilitating the use for producing a filler slurry having a higher concentration.

As shown in fig. 6, the device comprises a storage bin 8, a third feeder 93 is arranged between the storage bin 8 and the granulator 1, and granular tailings discharged from the granulator 1 can be fed into the storage bin 8 through the third feeder 93 for maintenance and storage. Specifically, the storage bin 8 is a granular tailing finished product storage warehouse with a grab crane or a surface storage yard with similar functions. For example, the granular tailings are moved onto a third feeder 93 using a grapple bridge crane or other conveyance means, and the third feeder 93 is a belt conveyor.

Including the surge bin 81, the volume of surge bin 81 is less than and stores the feed bin 8, is equipped with the charge level indicator 82 on the surge bin 81, and charge level indicator 82 is used for monitoring the quantity of granular tailing in the surge bin 81 to carry out accurate pay-off. A fourth feeder 94 is arranged between the storage bin 8 and the buffer bin 81, granular tailings in the storage bin 8 can be introduced into the buffer bin 81 through the fourth feeder 94, a fifth feeder 95 is arranged between the buffer bin 81 and the stirrer 3, and granular tailings in the buffer bin 81 can be introduced into the stirrer 3 through the fifth feeder 95. For example, the level gauge 82 is a radar level gauge.

As shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments, the cement feeding device 2 includes a cement silo 21 and a cement feeder 22, the cement silo 21 is used for storing cement, and the cement in the cement silo 21 is fed into the mixer 3 through the cement feeder 22. For example, cement feeder 22 is a screw micro-scale.

In some embodiments, the mixer 3 is a (high-speed) vertical mixer with its inlet directed upward and its outlet directed downward, and the mixer shaft 32 of the vertical mixer extends in an up-down direction. So that the resulting filling slurry can be discharged downwards and led into the filling line. Specifically, the mass ratio of the solid material in the filler slurry to the filler slurry is (0.75-0.85): 1. i.e. the mass of solid material (granular tailings and binder) in the filling slurry is between 75% and 85% of the total mass, so that the concentration of tailings in the filling slurry can be made higher.

The first water supply pipe 31 is provided with a first flowmeter 34 so that the drainage flow rate of the first water supply pipe 31 can be monitored by the first flowmeter 34.

A fifth flowmeter 35 is arranged on the outlet of the vertical mixer. Thus, the flow rate of the filler slurry discharged from the outlet of the vertical mixer can be monitored by the fifth flowmeter 35.

The stirring shaft 32 is provided with a collection sensor 33. The acquisition sensor 33 may monitor the stirring state of the stirring shaft 32 and transmit a stirring signal. The real-time concentration of the filler slurry in the mixer 3 is determined by the mixing signal. Specifically, the outlet of the cementing material feeding device 2 is arranged above the stirrer 3, the outlet of the first water supply pipe 31 is arranged above the stirrer 3, the difference between the real-time data and the design data is compared with the first flowmeter 34 and the fifth flowmeter 35, the real-time data and the design data are fed back to the controller, the controller controls the addition and subtraction of the materials in the loop in real time, and the purposes of real-time regulation and accurate regulation are achieved so as to ensure the accuracy of the concentration of the filling slurry.

The collecting sensor 33 is a current collector or a voltage collector or a torque collector or a rotating speed collector or a power collector or other signals, the real-time concentration of the filling slurry is obtained by the collecting sensor 33 through data operation, and the signal collector has a wide application range and can be selected according to actual operation. Therefore, the concentration of the filling slurry can be obtained in real time in the stirring process and fed back to the open-loop feeding system in real time, and the concentration of the filling slurry is accurately regulated and controlled.

The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.

Example 1

Taking some gold mine tailings in Shandong as an example, the gold mine has the urgent problems that the tailings pond is insufficient in storage capacity, the amount of tailings produced by factory selection every day is large, and other parts are required to be discharged to the tailings pond except for part of underground filling. To solve this problem, the ore is designed and constructed to achieve the purpose of reducing and disposing tailings, a tailings classifying workshop is designed and constructed, coarse-grain tailings are sold for use as construction sand, fine or ultrafine-grain tailings are planned to be used as filling materials, but the outstanding problem that the tailings are used as filling materials is that: the prepared filling slurry has lower mass concentration, so that the treatment capacity of tailings is lower, the viscosity is extremely high, the fluidity is poor, the compressive strength of the filling cementing body is lower, and the requirements of stope safety production cannot be met.

The particle size of the undisturbed tailings of the mine is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 undisturbed tailing size fraction distribution

Particle size/. Mu.m	200	100	75	45	20	10	5	2	1	0.5
											Negative cumulative/%	100	95.77	91.27	84.12	68.84	50.79	30.88	13.12	7.62	4.13

As is clear from Table 1, the gold tailings had a total particle content of 68.84% and a total particle content of 50.79% for particles of 20 μm or less, respectively.

In order to explore the filling effect of the tailings, a filling slurry test (54% -60% are numbered 1-7 in sequence) with the mortar ratio of 1:10 and the mass concentration of 54% -60% respectively is designed, the concentration gradient difference is 1%, and specific results for filling are shown in fig. 1 and 2.

As shown by the original tailing filling results, when the mass concentration is 60%, the slump of the filling slurry is 25.5cm, the purpose of self-flow conveying is met, and at the moment, the uniaxial strengths of the 3d, 7d and 28d filling bodies are respectively 0.24MPa,0.43MPa,0.72MPa and 28d compressive strengths cannot meet the requirements (not lower than 1 MPa) of the ore filling mining method. Thus, with a sand to lime ratio of 1:10, the raw tailings based filling slurry preparation does not meet mine filling requirements, but does not account for the increased sand to lime ratio of cost to meet filling requirements, and does not have low cost filling practices.

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a metal ore tailing filling treatment method, which achieves the purposes of meeting filling requirements and treating a large amount of tailings by granulating and reshaping undisturbed tailings. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) According to the practical experience of the conventional main flow filling process pipeline transportation, the specific requirements of the mine on filling characteristics (the strength of a filling cementing body and the flow property of the filling slurry) and the mass percentage concentration of the cement sand and the filling slurry are comprehensively considered, and the range of the target particle size of the tail sand granulation is determined to be 2.5-10 mm;

(2) According to the required target particle size range of the granular tailings, two factor influence tests of the binder dosage and the water dosage of wet granulation are carried out, and the binder dosage in the granulating process of the tailings is 5% of the mass of the tailings, and the water dosage in the granulating and bonding process is not lower than 15% of the mass of the tailings and not higher than 20% of the mass of the tailings;

(3) According to the target binder amount and the target water amount, the raw tailings, the binder and the water are mixed, granulated and cured for 3 days under natural conditions to obtain granular tailings, the grain shape of the raw tailings is converted from powder into grains, and the grain size distribution of the granular tailings is shown in figure 4;

(4) When the granular tailing filling characteristic test is carried out and the sand ratio is unchanged (1:10), the change range of the mass percentage concentration of filling slurry in the granular tailing test is 74-80%, and the gradient difference is 1% (74-80% are numbered 1-7 in sequence). The test results are shown in the filler strength test results of FIG. 5 and the slump test results of FIG. 2.

As can be seen from fig. 2, from the slump, the fluidity of the filling slurry prepared from the granulated tailing is still better than that of the filling slurry prepared from the undisturbed tailing on the basis of the 20% improvement of the mass concentration; comparing fig. 1 and fig. 5, it can be known that the mass concentration is relatively improved by 20% on the premise that the fluidity meets the requirement, and the uniaxial compressive strength of each age of the filling body prepared from the granular tailings reaches more than 2 times of that of the original tailings, so that the filling performance of the granular tailings is better than that of the original tailings by more than 2 times in the same sand-dust ratio, and the filling treatment amount of the tailings is improved by more than 33% through calculation, thereby providing important technical support for the filling large treatment of the tailings;

(5) The granulating tailing process is applied: adopting the tailing granulating, cementing and filling process system shown in fig. 6, mixing the tailings, the binder and water according to the target particle size range, the target binder amount and the target water amount of the granular tailings, and granulating to obtain the granular tailings; according to the target glue sand ratio and the target mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry, mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water to obtain the filling slurry, and filling, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry is not lower than 75% and not higher than 85%, and industrial filling can be carried out in a self-flow conveying mode.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The tailing filling and disposing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Mixing the tailings, the binder and water, and granulating to obtain granular tailings;

(2) Mixing the granular tailings, the cementing material and water to obtain filling slurry, and filling.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass of the particles having a particle diameter of 2.5mm to 10mm in the granulated tailings is not less than 80% of the total mass of the granulated tailings.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the mass of the particles having a particle diameter of 2.5mm to 5mm in the granular tailings is 25% to 30% of the total mass of the granular tailings, and the mass of the particles having a particle diameter of 5mm to 10mm in the granular tailings is 65% to 70% of the total mass of the granular tailings.

4. The tailing filling disposal method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a mass of the binder is not more than 10% of a mass of the tailings;

and/or the mass of the water is not higher than 20% of the mass of the tailings.

5. The tailing filling disposal method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a mass percentage of particles of 40 μm or less in the tailings is not less than 50%;

and/or the binder comprises at least one of cement, low cost cement; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the tailings are dehydrated tailings obtained by dehydrating tailings-containing tailings slurry.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), after the granulation, the granulated tailing is obtained by curing under natural conditions.

8. The tailing filling disposal method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a mass ratio of the cement to the granular tailings is 1:10-40 parts;

and/or the cementing material comprises at least one of cement, low cost cementing material; the low-cost cementing material is prepared from industrial waste.

9. The tailing filling disposal method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass percentage concentration of the filling slurry is 75% to 85%;

and/or slump of the filling slurry is not less than 25cm.

10. The sand filling and handling method of claim 1, wherein the sand filling and handling method employs a sand granulating, cementing and filling process system comprising:

the granulator is provided with a first feed inlet and a first granule outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is used for introducing granulated raw materials of the granulated tailings, the granulator is used for preparing the granulated raw materials of the granulated tailings into granulated tailings, and the first granule outlet is used for discharging the granulated tailings;

the outlet of the cementing material feeding device is used for discharging cementing materials;

a first water supply pipe for supplying water;

the inlet of the stirrer is communicated with the outlet of the cementing material feeding device, the outlet of the first water supply pipe and the first granule outlet, the stirrer is used for stirring the granular tailings, the cementing material and water according to a preset proportion so as to prepare filling slurry, and the outlet of the stirrer is communicated with a filling pipeline.