CN117868823A - Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method - Google Patents
Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117868823A CN117868823A CN202410028335.8A CN202410028335A CN117868823A CN 117868823 A CN117868823 A CN 117868823A CN 202410028335 A CN202410028335 A CN 202410028335A CN 117868823 A CN117868823 A CN 117868823A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mining
- coal
- uranium
- well
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003904 radioactive pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a coal and authigenic uranium ore co-mining method, and belongs to the technical field of mining. Dividing a coal mine field into three areas, wherein a well Tian Yi wing is a uranium ore preferential mining area, the other wing is a coal mine mining area, the middle is a protection area, arranging a liquid pumping and injecting well for uranium ore in-situ leaching mining under the coal mine field, mining a coal seam in the coal mine mining area of the coal mine field, and simultaneously constructing a uranium ore liquid pumping and injecting well downwards in the uranium ore preferential mining area by utilizing a coal mine underground mining standard roadway to perform uranium ore in-situ leaching mining; and after the uranium ore is mined, mining an overburden layer of the uranium ore, and mining the overburden layer of the uranium ore by filling or mining coal in situ unmanned mining. The method for co-mining the coal mine and the uranium ore can avoid the influence of the uranium ore mining on the subsequent coal mine mining, save the engineering quantity and improve the confidentiality of the uranium ore mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral exploitation, in particular to a coal and co-occurring uranium ore co-mining method.
Background
Coal-uranium is typical coal-based co-associated strategic metal mineral products in China, and uranium has great strategic significance for national defense safety and national energy safety. The occurrence state and the exploitation method of uranium ores and coal mines are greatly different, and the traditional coal mine underground exploitation and the traditional uranium ore in-situ leaching exploitation can cause the exploitation difficulty of another co-associated mineral. Rock stratum activities, fluid migration and the like caused by mineral exploitation affect each other to normally exploit, and contradiction between coal mine and uranium ore exploitation is caused.
The two conditions of 'upper uranium and lower coal' and 'upper coal and lower uranium' exist in the coal uranium mining, and the problems faced by the coal uranium mining are different under the traditional mining condition that only a single ore type is considered. The main problems of the 'upper coal and lower uranium' mining are that (1) the influence of the coal mining on the uranium mining mainly comprises: the water level of the ore-bearing aquifer of the uranium ore is reduced due to the hydrophobic depressurization of the coal mining bottom plate aquifer, so that the uranium ore cannot be normally mined, and the like; the uranium ore liquid pumping and injecting well is constructed to pass through a coal mine goaf, so that drilling construction is difficult. (2) The influence of uranium mining on coal mining mainly comprises: dense drainage and injection wells (well spacing of 20-25 m) for uranium ore on-site leaching exploitation can damage the continuity of a coal bed; the coal seam mining working face meets the uranium mine liquid extracting and injecting well, sparks possibly occur when the coal mining machine cuts the uranium mine liquid extracting and injecting well shaft, and the coal mine safety production is affected; the main problems of the "upper uranium and lower coal" mining are that (1) the influence of the coal mining on the uranium mining mainly comprises: rock stratum activities caused by coal mining cause breaking of a water-resisting layer of the uranium mine, water level of the water-bearing layer of the uranium mine is reduced due to hydrophobic depressurization of the coal mine, the uranium mine cannot be normally mined, and the like; (2) the influence of uranium mining on coal mining mainly comprises: contaminants, radionuclides and the like in uranium ore leaching exploitation migrate to a coal mine along with groundwater, and influence on coal mine safety production and the like.
Aiming at the defects of the traditional mining method in the coal-uranium overlapping area, a new method capable of effectively solving the contradiction between coal and co-produced uranium mining needs to be provided, so that strategic resource waste is reduced, and technological support is provided for guaranteeing the safe supply of strategic mineral resources in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems: and how to perform coordinated mining of coal-uranium symbiotic minerals, thereby realizing orderly mining, safe mining and improving the mining rate.
The invention is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that the concept of 'space division and time sequence staggering' is adopted as the coal and uranium co-mining concept, a coal mine field is divided into three areas, a well Tian Yi wing is a uranium ore preferential mining area, the other wing is a coal mine mining area, and the middle is a protection area; arranging a liquid pumping and injecting well for uranium ore in-situ leaching exploitation under a coal mine, exploiting a coal seam on one wing of a coal mine field, constructing a coal mine accurate roadway on the other wing, constructing a uranium ore pumping and injecting well downwards by utilizing the coal mine accurate roadway, carrying out uranium ore in-situ leaching exploitation, and then exploiting an overlying coal seam and a pressed coal seam of the uranium ore.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, carrying out geological exploration, and collecting geological and hydrological information of a mining area in a coal and uranium co-mining area through an exploration drilling means;
s2, dividing a mining area, namely dividing a coal mine field into three areas according to whether the coal mine field is overlapped with uranium ores or not, wherein a Tian Yi wing of each well is a coal uranium overlapped area and is used as a preferential mining area of the uranium ores, a coal bed which is not overlapped with the uranium ores and is distributed on the other wing is used as a coal mine mining area, and a protection area is arranged between the two wings;
s3, establishing a coal mine production system and a uranium ore production system, constructing a vertical shaft to a coal seam, and respectively excavating mining standard tunnels in a coal mine mining area and a uranium ore preferential mining area; forming a complete coal mining system in a coal mining area, and constructing a liquid injection well, a liquid extraction well and a monitoring well to an ore-bearing water layer of the uranium deposit in a track roadway of a uranium deposit preferential mining area to form the uranium deposit mining system;
s4, mining coal mines and uranium ores, extracting coal in mining areas of the coal mines, leaching and extracting uranium in the uranium ores in the preferential mining areas, and transporting leaching solutions by utilizing the coal mine mining quasi-roadway excavated in the step S3;
s5, mining coal in a uranium ore preferential mining area, and permanently sealing holes of the liquid pumping and injecting well and the monitoring well after the uranium ore mining is finished; based on a mining standard roadway of a uranium mine preferential mining area, perfecting a coal mine production system of the area, and stoping a coal seam covered by the uranium mine; after the overburden coal layer is mined, mining the overburden coal layer at the lower part of the uranium ore;
s6, mining coal in the protection area, and mining the coal layer in the protection area by digging a roadway in the coal layer in the protection area after the mining of the uranium ore overburden coal layer is finished.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the geological and hydrological information of the mining area specifically includes: the occurrence characteristics and distribution range of coal and symbiotic uranium, the physical and mechanical properties of coal beds, coal bed tops and coal bed floors and mineral water-bearing layers, and the water level and water head of the mineral water-bearing layers.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the method for establishing the protection zone is as follows: and (2) adopting the rock physical and mechanical property parameters measured in the step (S1) to obtain a coal seam mining fracture evolution rule and mining rock mass stress field distribution characteristics through a numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation method, and determining the disturbance range of coal mining on surrounding rock mass, namely the protection area range.
In step S3, a suitable drilling interval is determined according to the hydrogeological conditions obtained by exploration; according to the arrangement form of the coal mine mining standard roadway, uranium ore drilling is designed into inclined wells with different angles, and the number of the inclined wells is changed along with the width of a working face; the inclined shaft is used for increasing the coverage area of the drilling well on the uranium deposit, reducing the interval between pumping and injecting points of the uranium deposit, and then improving the resource recovery rate.
In the step S3, according to the arrangement form of the coal mine quasi-roadway, uranium mine drilling is designed into an L-shaped horizontal well, leaching solution is injected into the middle horizontal well, leaching solution is extracted from the horizontal wells at two sides, and leaching solution is extracted and injected by using holes of a shaft of a horizontal well section; the horizontal well is used for increasing the contact area between leaching solution leaching points and uranium deposit reservoirs, and then improving leaching extraction efficiency.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, in step S3, when constructing a liquid injection well, a liquid extraction well and a monitoring well in a uranium mine preferential mining area, the existence of a lower aquifer causes the well drilling to be a pressurized well drilling, and the method for preventing water burst during the well drilling comprises:
(1) Using a pressure-bearing drilling machine to pre-install an orifice pressure-bearing sleeve;
(2) Cement consolidation is carried out by a high-pressure grouting pump, a control gate valve is arranged after an orifice pipe is well arranged, and water quantity is controlled after water is discharged from a drilling hole; (3) And when the water pressure in the drilling hole is expected to be larger than 1.5MPa, drilling is carried out by adopting a method of back pressure and a blowout preventer.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, in step S4, a pumping route of the uranium ore leaching solution is: ground industry square, auxiliary well, bottom yard, track main roadway, track mountain, track roadway, liquid injection well, wherein the extraction route of the leaching solution is opposite to the pumping route, and the leaching solution is further filtered and purified after being pumped to the ground.
In step S5, during the mining of the uranium mine overburden, grouting and reinforcement of the bottom plate are adopted to seal the bottom plate water guide cracks which may occur, so as to further prevent water inrush of the bottom plate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step S5, a filling mining method is adopted for uranium ore overburden coal layers, and the specific method is as follows: by filling solid, paste or high-water materials into the goaf, the migration of the overlying strata is controlled, and the migration of pollutants in the groundwater of the retired mining area of uranium ores to the coal face below caused by the formation of interlayer cracks is avoided.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in step S5, coal in-situ unmanned mining is adopted for uranium ore overburden coal layers, including underground coal gasification and in-situ microbial hydrogen production, and safety problems are fundamentally avoided through coal in-situ unmanned mining. Wherein, the underground coal gasification is to burn coal in situ in a controlled way, and generate H through pyrolysis of the coal and a series of chemical reactions of the coal, oxygen and water vapor 2 、CO、CH 4 A process of waiting for a combustible gas; microbial hydrogen production is the production of hydrogen by the metabolism of specific microorganisms.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, for the occurrence form of 'upper coal and lower uranium', the defect that the uranium ore and coal mining in the traditional mining mode are seriously influenced mutually is overcome, and the influence of the uranium ore mining on the subsequent coal mining is avoided by arranging the in-situ leaching mining liquid pumping and injecting well of the uranium ore in the coal mine, so that the engineering quantity is saved, and the confidentiality of the uranium ore mining is improved; for the mining of the overburden coal bed of upper uranium and lower coal, the limitation that the traditional mining mode is easy to cause interlayer cracks, so that pollutants in the groundwater of the retired mining area of the uranium ore migrate to the coal face is broken through, the coal bed of the overburden coal bed of the filled mining uranium ore is adopted, the migration of the overburden rock stratum is controlled, and the phenomenon that the pollutants in the groundwater of the retired mining area of the uranium ore migrate to the coal face below due to the interlayer cracks is avoided; or subversion exploitation technologies such as coal in-situ unmanned exploitation and the like are adopted, such as underground coal gasification, in-situ microbial hydrogen production of coal and the like, and the safety problem is fundamentally avoided through the coal in-situ unmanned exploitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coal and co-produced uranium ore co-production site layout of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal well mining method for a uranium deposit co-mined from coal and co-occurring uranium deposit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a drilling arrangement for producing inclined uranium ore mining from which coal and co-occurring uranium ore are co-mined in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a drilling rig for producing inclined uranium ores from which coal and co-occurring uranium ores are co-produced in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fill mining mode of uranium ore overburden;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a microbial in situ mining mode of uranium ore overburden;
in the figure, 1-coal seam; 2-an ore-bearing aqueous layer of uranium ores; 3-uranium ore bodies; 4-coal mine production area; a 5-guard region; 6-uranium ore preferential mining areas; 7-a main well; 8-auxiliary wells; 9-a bottom hole yard; 10-track lane; 11-a transportation lane; 12-transporting and climbing; 13-climbing the track; 14-track gallery; 15-a transportation roadway; 16-return air main lane; 17-wind shaft; 18-coal face; 19-a liquid injection well; 20-a liquid pumping well; 21-monitoring the well; 22-a liquid collecting tank; 23-hydrometallurgy plant; 24-a liquid preparation chamber; a 25-uranium ore-capped coal seam; 26-filling material; contaminants of 27-uranium mining; 28-bacterial liquid injection well; 29-microbial bacteria liquid; 30-a seam fracture network of the coal seam; 31-a coal microorganism production area; 32-an extraction well; 33-horizontal well; 34-inclined well liquid injection well; 35-an inclined shaft liquid pumping well; 36-drawing and injecting unit; 37-coal face width.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
The south margin of the Xinjiang Yili basin is provided with a large range of coal-uranium symbiosis, and the embodiment takes certain sandstone-type uranium ore in Xinjiang as an example to explain the coal and symbiotic uranium co-mining method in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, the coal seam 1 and the uranium ore bodies 3 are distributed in a vertically overlapped mode in space, the ore area well Tian Yi is used for bearing the uranium ore, the other wing is used for bearing the uranium ore, the upper coal seam exploitation and the lower uranium ore exploitation are outstanding in contradiction, and serious strategic mineral resource waste and radioactive pollution problems can be caused by improper treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to perform "coal uranium co-mining" on coal and co-produced sandstone type uranium ores. Aiming at the problems, the coal and symbiotic uranium co-mining method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1, geological exploration is carried out: drilling holes from the ground surface downwards to the top and bottom rock layers of the coal bed 1 and the top and bottom rock layers of the uranium ore bearing aquifer 2 in the uranium and coal co-mining area, and obtaining occurrence characteristics, distribution range and hydrogeological information of coal and co-produced uranium ore. The information comprises the physical and mechanical characteristics of the coal seam and the coal seam roof, floor and uranium ore bearing aquifer 2, the water level and water head of the uranium ore bearing aquifer 2. Testing the rock physical and mechanical property parameters of each stratum according to the rock core obtained by drilling, wherein the rock physical and mechanical property parameters comprise: porosity, permeability, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, fracture toughness, etc. And the geological structures such as faults, collapse columns and the like which are easy to guide water are subjected to key detection, and all drilling holes are subjected to full-drilling grouting and plugging in the drilling withdrawal process.
Step S2, dividing mining areas: the coal mine field is divided into three areas, wherein the wings of the well Tian Yi are coal and uranium superposition areas, the coal mine is used as a uranium ore preferential mining area 6, the other wings are coal beds which are not superposed and distributed with the uranium ore, the coal mine is used as a coal mine mining area 4, a protection area 5 is reserved between the two wings, and the protection area 5 is not mined during uranium ore mining. The principle of determining the protection area is as follows: the rock physical and mechanical property parameters obtained by geological exploration are adopted, and the coal seam mining fracture evolution rule and the mining rock mass stress field distribution characteristics are obtained through numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation methods, so that the disturbance range of coal mining on surrounding rock mass is defined, namely the range of the protection zone 5. The protection zone 5 serves as an isolation buffer zone between the coal mine production zone 4 and the uranium ore preferential production zone 6, which reduces the interaction of coal mine and uranium ore production.
Step S3, establishing a coal mine production system and a uranium ore production system: constructing a main well 7, a secondary well 8, an air shaft 17 to the coal seam 1, constructing a well bottom yard 9, respectively constructing a mining roadway from the well bottom yard 9 to a well Tian Liangyi, and comprising: the large rail lane 10, the large transportation lane 11, the large transportation lane 12, the large rail lane 13, the small rail lane 14, the small transportation lane 15 and the large return air lane 16 form a coal mine production system of the coal mine mining area 4 and a uranium mine production system of the uranium mine preferential mining area 6. And a roadway is not dug in the coal seam of the protection area.
And paving a leaching solution conveying pipeline in a mining standard tunnel of the uranium ore preferential mining area 6. According to the hydrogeological conditions obtained by exploration, the proper well drilling interval is determined, uranium mining is divided into a plurality of pumping and injecting units 36, each pumping and injecting unit 36 comprises a pumping well 19 and an injecting well 20, and a monitoring well 21 is used for observing the water level of an aquifer and monitoring the migration condition of pollutants.
In the construction of a uranium mining system, uranium mining may be performed in two ways, in which the first way is to design the uranium mining into an L-shaped horizontal well 33 according to the layout of coal mine mining standard tunnels, and as shown in fig. 2, the horizontal well is drilled by using the holes of the horizontal well section shaft, and leaching solution is injected and extracted. The second way is to design the uranium ore wells as inclined wells at different angles, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the inclined well arrangement may employ a "four-shot two-shot" (fig. 3) or "three-shot one-shot" (fig. 4) pump-out unit 36 to drill inclined well pump-out wells 34 and 35 from the track drift 14 into the uranium ore bearing aquifer 2. The wells located on the diagonals of the pump-up unit 36 are vertical wells, with adjacent inclined wells drilled into the uranium deposit at different angles. When drilling inclined wells, the number of the inclined wells is changed along with the width 37 of the working face, and along with the increase of the width 37 of the working face, the number of the inclined wells is correspondingly increased to ensure proper uranium deposit reservoir pumping and injecting point spacing. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, in one pumping unit 36, the inclination angles of two adjacent inclined wells, whether the inclined well is the liquid injection well 34 or the inclined well is the liquid pumping well 35, are symmetrical, and the layout is also beneficial to increasing the coverage area of the drilling well on the uranium deposit, reducing the interval between pumping and injecting points of the uranium deposit, and further improving the resource recovery rate.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3 or fig. 4, the in-situ uranium ore leaching extraction and injection well of the present invention is arranged in a coal seam of a uranium ore preferential mining area 6 (i.e. an overburden coal seam of the uranium ore), and the extraction and injection well is established by using a mining roadway of the overburden coal seam, so that on one hand, the engineering amount of the well digging can be saved, and on the other hand, the confidentiality of uranium ore mining can be improved. Meanwhile, on the basis of a coal mine mining standard roadway, uranium ore drilling is designed into inclined wells with different angles, so that the coverage area of the drilling on a uranium ore reservoir is increased, the interval between pumping and injecting points of the uranium ore reservoir is reduced, and the uranium ore extraction efficiency is improved.
Measures are taken to prevent water burst when drilling in the uranium mine preferential mining area 6, a special pressure-bearing drilling machine is used, an orifice pressure-bearing sleeve is pre-installed, cement consolidation is carried out by a high-pressure grouting pump, a control gate valve is arranged after the orifice pipe is well arranged, and water quantity is controlled after water is discharged from the drilling hole. When the water pressure in the drill hole is expected to be greater than 1.5Mpa, the drill hole is drilled by adopting a back pressure and a blowout preventer. And meanwhile, grouting is carried out to strengthen the bottom plate, so that the flood disaster is further prevented from happening when drilling in the uranium mine preferential mining area 6.
S4, mining coal mine and uranium ore: coal in the coal mining area 4 is mined to form a coal face 18. Meanwhile, leaching uranium in the uranium ore preferential mining area 6, wherein the liquid extraction amount is slightly larger than the liquid injection amount, and negative pressure mining is formed in the uranium ore mining area. The invention adopts an on-site leaching uranium extraction technology, which is an advanced mining technology in the world, and the basic principle is that holes are drilled on an on-site leaching sandstone type uranium mine according to a certain network arrangement technology, ground leaching liquid is injected from a liquid injection hole, so that the ground leaching liquid fully reacts with uranium, the ground surface is extracted through a liquid extraction hole, and the uranium extraction process is carried out in a ground surface factory. The pumping route of uranium ore leaching solution is as follows: the extraction route of the leaching solution comprises the steps of a solution preparing chamber 24, a subsidiary well 8, a shaft bottom parking lot 9, a rail main roadway 10, a rail mountain 13, a rail roadway 14 and a liquid injection well 19: the method comprises the steps of a liquid pumping well 20, a track roadway 14, a track mountain 13, a track main roadway 10, a shaft bottom parking lot 9, a secondary well 8, a liquid collecting pool 22, a hydrometallurgy plant 23 and a liquid distribution chamber 24. The extraction route of the leaching solution is opposite to the pumping route, and the leaching solution is further filtered and purified after being pumped to the ground.
Step S5, mining overlying coal of a uranium ore preferential mining area 6: after uranium ore exploitation is finished, the liquid injection well 19, the liquid pumping well 20 and the monitoring well 21 are permanently sealed. Based on the mining standard roadway of the uranium ore preferential mining area 6, the coal mine production system of the area is perfected, and the coal bed above the uranium ore of the uranium ore preferential mining area 6 is mined. During coal exploitation, grouting and reinforcement are adopted on the bottom plate, and water guide cracks of the bottom plate which possibly occur are plugged, so that water burst of the bottom plate is further prevented.
After the mining of the present coal seam 1 is completed, one way to mine the uranium ore-coated coal seam 25 is to mine the coal seam with a filling type, as shown in fig. 5. The concrete method of filling mining is that in a goaf formed after coal seam mining, filling materials 26 such as solid, paste or high water materials are injected into the goaf to control the migration of overlying strata, so that pollutants 27 in groundwater in a retired mining area of uranium ores are prevented from migrating to a coal face below due to the formation of interlayer cracks. The other mode is that subversion mining technologies such as coal in-situ unmanned mining and the like are adopted for mining the coal layer 25 covered by uranium ores after the mining of the coal layer 1 is finished, such as underground coal gasification, in-situ microbial hydrogen production of the coal and the like. As shown in fig. 6, microbial bacteria 29 are injected into a uranium ore-capped coal seam 25 in situ through a bacteria liquid injection well 28, a coal microbial gas production reaction zone 31 is formed in a coal seam fracture network 30, clean energy sources such as hydrogen, methane and the like are generated by microbial leaching, and gaseous products are pumped to the ground through a gas pumping well 32. Oxygen and supercritical water are injected through injection well 28 to ignite the horizontal well coal gasification reaction to produce methane, which is pumped to the surface through gas pumping well 32. The problem of safety is fundamentally avoided in the in-situ unmanned exploitation of coal.
S6, after the uranium ore overlying coal mining is finished, mining the coal in the protection area 5. When coal in the protection area 5 is mined, coals in the coal mining area 4 and the uranium ore preferential mining area 6 are mined, and the overlying strata act on the coals and the rocks in the protection area 5 to accumulate stress, so that disasters such as rock burst and the like are easily caused, and surrounding rock control and disaster early warning in the mining process of the protection area are enhanced.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, carrying out geological exploration: collecting geological and hydrological information of a mining area in a coal and uranium co-mining area through an exploration drilling means;
s2, dividing mining areas: dividing a coal mine field into three areas according to whether the coal mine field is overlapped with uranium ores or not, wherein a well Tian Yi wing is a coal uranium overlapped area and is used as a uranium ore preferential mining area, a coal seam of which the other wing is not overlapped with the uranium ores and is distributed is used as a coal mine mining area, and the middle of the two wings is used as a protection area;
s3, establishing a coal mine production system and a uranium ore production system: constructing a vertical shaft to a coal seam, and respectively excavating mining standard roadways in a coal mine mining area and a uranium ore preferential mining area; forming a complete coal mining system in a coal mining area, and constructing a liquid injection well, a liquid extraction well and a monitoring well to an ore-bearing water layer of the uranium deposit in a track roadway of a uranium deposit preferential mining area to form the uranium deposit mining system;
s4, mining coal mines and uranium ores: extracting coal in a coal mine extraction area, leaching uranium in a uranium mine preferential extraction area, and transporting leaching solution by utilizing a coal mine mining standard roadway extracted in the step S3;
s5, mining coal in a uranium ore preferential mining area: after uranium mining is finished, permanently sealing holes of the liquid pumping well, the liquid injecting well and the monitoring well; based on a mining standard roadway of a uranium mine preferential mining area, perfecting a coal mine production system of the area, and stoping a coal seam covered by the uranium mine; after the overburden coal layer is mined, mining the overburden coal layer at the lower part of the uranium ore;
s6, mining coal in a protection area: and after the uranium ore overburden coal seam exploitation is finished, a roadway is excavated in the coal seam of the protection area, and the coal seam of the protection area is exploited.
2. The method of co-mining coal and co-occurring uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mining geological and hydrographic information specifically includes: the occurrence characteristics and distribution range of coal and symbiotic uranium, the physical and mechanical properties of coal beds, coal bed tops and coal bed floors and mineral water-bearing layers, and the water level and water head of the mineral water-bearing layers.
3. The method of co-mining coal and co-occurring uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein in step S2 the method of protection zone establishment is: and (2) adopting the rock physical and mechanical property parameters measured in the step (S1) to obtain a coal seam mining fracture evolution rule and mining rock mass stress field distribution characteristics through a numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation method, and determining the disturbance range of coal mining on surrounding rock mass, namely the protection area range.
4. The method of co-production of coal and co-produced uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, a suitable drilling interval is determined from hydrogeology obtained by exploration; according to the arrangement form of the coal mine mining standard roadway, uranium ore drilling is designed into inclined wells with different angles, and the number of the inclined wells is changed along with the width of a working face; the inclined shaft is used for increasing the coverage area of the drilling well on the uranium deposit, reducing the interval between pumping and injecting points of the uranium deposit, and then improving the resource recovery rate.
5. The method for co-mining the coal and the co-produced uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, uranium ore drilling is designed into an L-shaped horizontal well according to the arrangement form of a coal mine mining standard roadway, leaching solutions are injected into the middle horizontal well, leaching solutions are extracted from the horizontal wells at two sides, and leaching solutions are extracted and injected by using holes of a well bore of a horizontal well section; the horizontal well is used for increasing the contact area between leaching solution leaching points and uranium deposit reservoirs, and then improving leaching extraction efficiency.
6. The method of co-production of coal and co-produced uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the injection well, the drainage well and the monitoring well are constructed in the uranium ore preferential production area, the existence of the lower aquifer causes the well to be a pressurized well, and the method for preventing water burst during the well drilling is as follows:
(1) Using a pressure-bearing drilling machine to pre-install an orifice pressure-bearing sleeve;
(2) Cement consolidation is carried out by a high-pressure grouting pump, a control gate valve is arranged after an orifice pipe is well arranged, and water quantity is controlled after water is discharged from a drilling hole; (3) And when the water pressure in the drilling hole is expected to be larger than 1.5MPa, drilling is carried out by adopting a method of back pressure and a blowout preventer.
7. The method of co-mining of coal and co-occurring uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the pumping route of the uranium ore leaching solution is: ground industry square, auxiliary well, bottom yard, track main roadway, track mountain, track roadway, liquid injection well, wherein the extraction route of the leaching solution is opposite to the pumping route, and the leaching solution is further filtered and purified after being pumped to the ground.
8. The method of co-mining of coal and co-occurring uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, floor grouting reinforcement is adopted during the mining of uranium ore overburden, and floor water-guiding cracks which may occur are plugged, so as to further prevent floor water inrush.
9. The method for co-mining the coal and the co-occurring uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, a filling mining is adopted for the uranium ore-bearing coal layer, and the specific method is as follows: by filling solid, paste or high-water materials into the goaf, the migration of the overlying strata is controlled, and the migration of pollutants in the groundwater of the retired mining area of uranium ores to the coal face below caused by the formation of interlayer cracks is avoided.
10. The method of co-mining of coal and co-produced uranium ores according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, coal in-situ unmanned mining is employed for uranium ore overburden coal layers, including underground coal gasification and in-situ microbial hydrogen production.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410028335.8A CN117868823A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410028335.8A CN117868823A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117868823A true CN117868823A (en) | 2024-04-12 |
Family
ID=90591194
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410028335.8A Pending CN117868823A (en) | 2024-01-08 | 2024-01-08 | Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117868823A (en) |
-
2024
- 2024-01-08 CN CN202410028335.8A patent/CN117868823A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107313778B (en) | A kind of second mining super high seam stops the method for adopting line coal column | |
| CN102080526B (en) | Method for extracting gas from bedding level fractured well of ground coal seam roof | |
| CN102852546B (en) | Method for pre-pumping coal roadway stripe gas of single soft protruded coal seam of unexploited area | |
| CN113175325B (en) | Coal and intergrown sandstone type uranium ore coordinated mining method based on key layer protection | |
| CN101915072B (en) | Method for extracting coal bed gas in stable mining region by ground well drilling | |
| CN107339105B (en) | A method of stop adopting line coal column in the layering residual exploiting field of paste body filling second mining super high seam | |
| CN103867229A (en) | Coal mine large-mining-depth and next-group coal exploitation water control comprehensive treatment method | |
| Bai et al. | Some aspects of mining under aquifers in China | |
| CN114837663B (en) | Construction method for improving recovery rate of fault waterproof coal pillar through ground pre-grouting | |
| CN105927191A (en) | Method for combined mining of coal seam gas of cutter column type old goaf and lower coal seam | |
| CN116066052A (en) | Method for carrying out post-side filling-in-situ gasification collaborative recovery of residual coal post in residual mining area | |
| Zhai et al. | A reinforcement method of floor grouting in high-water pressure working face of coal mines: a case study in Luxi coal mine, North China | |
| CN107313743B (en) | Method for repairing weak zone of coal seam floor water-resisting layer by utilizing coal seam gas well | |
| CN105971563A (en) | Extraction method for coal bed gas in composite old mined-out area formed through lower tool post method | |
| CN105927192A (en) | Method for exploiting coal bed methane in collapse old goafs and lower coal beds in combined manner | |
| CN106014345A (en) | Extraction method for mining formed composite goaf coalbed methane through lower caving method | |
| CN108952719A (en) | Coal seam gasification second mining loses the method for coal under the conditions of a kind of longwall top coal caving | |
| Han et al. | Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells in the Huainan coal mining area | |
| Zhang et al. | Directional drainage grouting technology of coal mine water damage treatment | |
| Xu et al. | Water disaster types and water control measures of Hanxing coal mine area | |
| CN113756857B (en) | Fire prevention and extinguishment extraction method for efficiently extracting coal bed gas in multi-layer old goaf on ground | |
| CN117868823A (en) | Coal and co-produced uranium ore co-mining method | |
| Singh et al. | Design considerations for mine workings under accumulations of water | |
| CN220621952U (en) | Mining overburden composite curtain for improving overburden separation layer grouting effect | |
| CN117846561B (en) | Coal and uranium collaborative mining method based on separation layer grouting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |