CN117856013A - Flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on optical fiber mode mixer - Google Patents
Flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on optical fiber mode mixer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on an optical fiber mode mixer actively controls a laser mode output by a low-power seed source with Gaussian energy distribution characteristic, converts Gaussian energy into flat-top distribution laser, and then is injected into an amplifier for amplification, and finally, the high-power laser amplification output of the flat-top energy distribution is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser based on a fiber mode mixer.
Background
With the continuous maturity of fiber laser technology, fiber lasers have been gradually and widely applied to various industrial fields with the advantages of high electro-optical efficiency, high beam quality, high stability, high long-term reliability, small volume and the like. Different industrial processing fields have different demands on laser output spot energy distribution, output beam quality, spot size, divergence angle, etc. The application methods of thick plate cutting, welding, laser cleaning, film cutting and the like require that the output laser has energy distribution with a flat top, so that the problems of poor cutting effect, large welding spark, substrate surface damage or uneven cleaning, local thermal effect and the like caused by concentrated energy distribution of the conventional Gaussian mode laser are avoided. In order to realize the output of laser spot flat-top energy distribution, the following methods (1) are mainly adopted at present; (2) aspheric lens beam shaping; (3) the fiber laser output end transmits energy to the optical fiber disturbance mode; (4) multi-laser module optical fiber beam combination. For the diffraction element, the manufacturing difficulty of the optical element is high, the optical path insertion loss is high, and the efficiency is about 90%. For the beam shaping of the aspherical lens, the shaping lens needs to be specially designed, and the lens manufacturing difficulty is high and the cost is high. For the energy-transfer optical fiber mode disturbance of the optical fiber laser output end, the mode disturbance of the high-power output end is easy to cause the large optical fiber power load, namely, the risk is large and the long-term reliability is low. For multi-module laser beam combining, compared with the multi-fiber module beam combining optical structure of the patent, the introduction of the signal laser beam combiner also increases the risk of device failure to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on an optical fiber mode mixer, which overcomes the defects of the prior art and has reasonable design.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a flat top energy distribution output high power fiber laser based on fiber mode mixer, includes seed source pumping source, seed source pumping source is with laser beam combiner, seed source fiber grating, seed source active optical fiber, fiber mode matcher, fiber mode mixer, fiber amplifier pumping source, fiber amplifier pumping gain optic fibre, laser stripper, laser output ware, its characterized in that: the pumping light output by the seed source pumping source is coupled into the seed source active optical fiber through the seed source pumping source by using the laser beam combiner, the output light of the seed source active optical fiber is input into the optical fiber mode matcher, the second side of the optical fiber mode matcher is connected with the first side of the optical fiber mode mixer, the second side of the optical fiber mode mixer is connected with the input side of the pumping gain optical fiber of the optical fiber amplifier, the output side of the pumping gain optical fiber of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the first side of the laser stripper, and the second side of the laser stripper is connected with the laser output device; the optical fiber mode mixer can convert partial fundamental mode laser with Gaussian energy distribution characteristic inside the optical fiber into a plurality of high-order modes, so that the fundamental mode and the high-order modes are mixed and transmitted in the optical fiber.
Preferably, the input fiber of the laser stripper is welded with the output end of the pumping gain fiber of the optical fiber amplifier, and the output fiber of the laser stripper is welded with the input end of the laser output device.
Preferably, the input fiber of the fiber mode matcher is a passive few-mode fiber, and the output fiber of the fiber mode matcher is a passive multimode fiber.
Preferably, the seed source fiber grating comprises a high reflection grating HR and a low reflection grating LR, and the output side of the seed source pumping laser beam combiner is connected with the high reflection grating HR of the seed source fiber grating; the seed source active optical fiber outputs seed light through the low reflection grating of the seed source optical fiber grating.
Preferably, the flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on the optical fiber mode mixer adopts an all-fiber structure, and the seed source active optical fiber adopts an active optical fiber doped with ytterbium ions.
Preferably, the optical fiber amplifier pump gain optical fiber adopts an optical fiber amplifier pump gain integrated optical fiber, which comprises an active fiber, a pump fiber and a coating layer, wherein the active fiber is positioned in the middle, a plurality of pump fibers circumferentially surround the cladding of the active fiber, the coating layer is coated on the periphery of the pump fibers, and the core of the active fiber of the pump gain integrated optical fiber is a rare earth ytterbium ion doped core; the cladding diameter of the active fiber of the pump gain integrated fiber is of an octagonal structure, the number of pump fibers is 8, one pump fiber corresponds to one side of the octagon, and the 8 pump fibers are uniformly arranged outside the octagon.
Preferably, the seed source pumping source is composed of a plurality of optical fiber coupling output laser diodes, and the output power of each laser diode in the seed source pumping source is more than or equal to 300W.
Preferably, the signal input fiber and the signal output fiber of the laser beam combiner for the seed source pump source adopt optical fibers with the specification of 20/400/0.065; the specification of a pumping input fiber of the laser beam combiner for the seed source pumping source is 220/242/0.22, the pumping fiber and 6 pumps of the seed source pumping source are welded in sequence, and a signal input fiber is suspended at an angle of 8 degrees.
Preferably, the specification of the input fiber of the optical fiber mode matcher is 20/400/0.065; the output fiber specification of the optical fiber mode matcher is 50/400/0.15, and the mode field matching property of the optical fiber mode matcher can realize the laser mode matching transmission of two optical fibers.
Preferably, the (6+1) beam combiner is adopted as the seed source pumping source laser beam combiner.
The invention provides a flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser based on a fiber mode mixer. The method can provide an effective technical scheme for obtaining the flat-top energy distribution high-power fiber laser.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on an optical fiber mode mixer, which adopts the optical fiber mode mixer to actively control a low-power seed source output laser mode with Gaussian energy distribution characteristic, converts Gaussian energy into flat-top distribution laser, and then fills the flat-top distribution laser into an amplifier for amplification, finally realizes flat-top energy distribution high-power laser amplification output. In addition, compared with Gaussian energy distribution laser amplification, the energy of the Gaussian energy distribution laser amplification device is flattened, the peak power can be reduced, and the amplified output laser has an advantage in Raman suppression.
2. And the power amplification of the flat-top laser is realized based on the active control of the seed source output mode.
3. The all-fiber structure has the advantages of small single-fiber output, small optical path insertion loss, simple and stable structure.
4. The inventors have desired that both core index perturbations and cladding index perturbations be achieved, and therefore have contemplated that ultraviolet light irradiation of the core with ultraviolet light may be employed, while deep etching of the cladding near the core with ultraviolet light may be employed. The refractive index disturbance of the region with the greatest influence on the optical mode mixing can be caused at the same time, and the optical fiber cannot be easily damaged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pump-integrated optical fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fiber-optic mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser, which is used for realizing flat-top energy distribution of laser output light spots. High power lasers generally refer to lasers with laser powers greater than 100W. Referring to fig. 1, the fiber laser includes a seed source pump source (LD 1) 1, a laser combiner 2 for seed source pump source, a seed source fiber grating 3, a seed source active fiber 4, a fiber mode Matcher (MFA) 5, a fiber mode mixer 6, a fiber amplifier pump source (LD 2) 7, a fiber amplifier pump gain fiber 8, a laser stripper (CPS) 9, and a laser output (output) 10.
The seed source pumping source (LD 1) 1 is preferably composed of a plurality of optical fiber coupling output laser diodes, and preferably, the number of the laser diodes selected by the LD1 is 6; preferably, the output power of each laser diode in the LD1 is 300W or more; preferably, the center wavelength of the output of the seed source pumping source LD1 is 976 or 915nmnm; preferably, the output fiber of pump source LD1 can be 220/242/0.22 (conventional expression in the fiber art means a core diameter of 220 microns/cladding diameter of 242 microns/numerical aperture of 0.22).
Preferably, the signal input fiber and the signal output fiber of the laser beam combiner 2 for seed source pump source adopt optical fibers with the specification of 20/400/0.065 (the fiber core diameter is 20 microns/the cladding diameter is 400 microns/the numerical aperture is 0.065); preferably, the pump input fiber size of the seed source pump source laser combiner 2 is 220/242/0.22 (core diameter 220 microns/cladding diameter 242 microns/numerical aperture 0.22).
The seed source fiber grating 3 includes a high reflection grating HR and a low reflection grating LR. Preferably, the center wavelength of the high reflection grating HR is 1080nm, the reflection bandwidth is 3nm, and the reflectivity is more than or equal to 99.5%. Preferably, the low reflection grating LR has a center wavelength of 1080nm, a reflection bandwidth of 1nm, and a reflectivity of 10%.
Preferably, the pump fiber is welded with 6 pumps of the LD1 in sequence, the signal input fiber is suspended at an angle of 8 degrees, and the signal output fiber is welded with the input end of the high reflection grating HR.
Preferably, the seed source active optical fiber 4 adopts an active optical fiber doped with ytterbium ions, and the specification of the active optical fiber is preferably 20/400/0.065; the absorption coefficient was 0.5dB/m@915nm. The length of the optical fiber is 15m.
The optical fiber mode mixer 6 is used for mixed transmission of modes in an optical fiber, and can be obtained by the following technical means in the prior art, for example, (1) ultraviolet irradiation of 50/400/0.15 (core diameter 50 microns/cladding diameter 400 microns/numerical aperture 0.15) micro disturbance of local size of a fiber core refractive index caused by a passive optical fiber, (2) active application of mechanical stress to 50/400/0.15 passive fiber, (3) ultraviolet irradiation of 50/400/0.15 passive optical fiber causes regular disturbance of fiber core refractive index, such as long period fiber grating, (4) deep etching of 50/400/0.15 passive fiber cladding in order to strengthen mode coupling effect between fiber cores, (5) welding and accessing passive optical fiber with high mode coupling coefficient in an optical path, and enhanced mode coupling effect, such as square fiber core with special structure and energy transmission fiber with conventional structure with high mode coupling coefficient of the fiber core/cladding diameter ratio > 0.4; (6) tapering 50/400/0.15 passive fibers, etc.
The inventors found that when the mode mixing is performed using the mode mixer, more uniform light emission is achieved when the input mode of the mode mixer is a few-mode or a basic-mode than when the input mode is a multi-mode, because the basic-mode and the few-mode light have the center where the light field is more concentrated, and when the mode mixer is used, since the mode mixer is implemented by using a disturbance of the refractive index of the fiber core or a change of the structure of the fiber core, it is preferable that the basic-mode light or the few-mode light is provided at the input portion of the mode mixer. Therefore, preferably, the output fiber of the seed source active optical fiber is preferably a fundamental mode optical fiber or a few mode optical fiber. In general, the mode mixer needs to be connected with the multimode optical fiber after the mode mixing is completed because a large number of higher-order modes exist, and thus the output of the higher-order modes is needed. The inventors realized that a direct connection at this time would result in a loss of a large amount of light. Accordingly, the inventors have realized that it is preferable to provide an optical fiber pattern matcher 5 between the seed source active optical fiber 4 and the optical fiber mode mixer 6 to achieve mode matching and to improve laser transmission efficiency.
A fiber pattern Matcher (MFA) 5, the input fiber of the MFA is preferably a passive few-mode fiber, the output fiber of the MFA is a passive multimode fiber, and preferably the input fiber of the MFA has a specification of 20/400/0.065 (core diameter 20 microns/cladding diameter 400 microns/numerical aperture 0.065); preferably, the MFA has an output fiber size of 50/400/0.15 (core diameter 50 microns/cladding diameter 400 microns/numerical aperture 0.15). The mode field matching of the MFA can realize the laser mode matching transmission of two optical fibers.
The optical fiber mode mixer 6 can convert part of the fundamental mode laser (or low-order mode) with Gaussian energy distribution characteristics inside the optical fiber into a plurality of high-order modes, so that the fundamental film and the plurality of high-order modes are jointly transmitted in the optical fiber in a mixed mode, and then the energy distribution flattening of the fundamental mode laser with Gaussian energy distribution can be realized.
The optical fiber amplifier pump (LD 2) 7 is preferably composed of a plurality of optical fiber coupling-out laser diodes, and preferably, the output power of each laser diode of the LD2 is 300W or more; preferably, the number of the laser diodes in the LD2 is 16, and preferably, the center wavelength of the laser diodes of the LD2 is 976 or 915nm. Preferably, the laser diode of LD2 has a pump source output fiber specification of 220/242/0.22 (core diameter 220 microns/cladding diameter 242 microns/numerical aperture 0.22).
The optical fiber amplifier pump gain optical fiber 8 preferably adopts an optical fiber amplifier pump gain integrated optical fiber 8 (GT-wave), and comprises an active optical fiber, a pump optical fiber and a coating layer, wherein the active optical fiber is positioned in the middle, a plurality of pump optical fibers circumferentially surround the cladding of the active optical fiber, the coating layer is coated on the periphery of the pump optical fibers, and the core of the active optical fiber of the pump gain integrated optical fiber is a rare earth ytterbium ion doped core; preferably, the pump gain integrated fiber has a numerical aperture NA of 0.15 for the active fiber and a fiber core diameter of 50 μm. The cladding diameter of the active fiber of the pump gain integrated fiber is an octagonal structure, the diameter is about 400 mu m, at the moment, 8 pump fibers are arranged, one pump fiber corresponds to one side of the octagon, the 8 pump fibers are uniformly arranged outside the octagon, and the diameter of the pump fiber of the pump gain integrated fiber is 250 mu m, and the NA is 0.46.
Preferably, the coating layer of the pump-gain-integrated optical fiber is composed of an acrylic resin material having a low refractive index, has a diameter of 1000 μm, and is surrounded outside the pump fiber of the pump-gain-integrated optical fiber. Preferably, the optical fiber is coiled to a diameter of 30cm or more or is not coiled. The active fiber input end of the amplifier is welded with the output end of the mode mixer, and the output end is welded with CPS. Preferably, the GT-wave active fiber can be directly welded with the passive fiber of the mode mixer, and the whole amplifying structure has no pump signal beam combiner, which can amplify the laser output by the mode mixer without distortion, preferably, the amplifier GT-wave active fiber has 16 pump fibers which are respectively welded with 16 LD2 pump laser diode output fibers, so that pump light injection is realized, and the pump light enters the active fiber through evanescent wave coupling effect and is absorbed by the doped fiber core. A laser stripper (CPS) 9, preferably of the type 50/400/0.15 (core diameter 50 microns/cladding diameter 400 microns/numerical aperture 0.15), for stripping forward or reverse transmitted cladding laser and pump light, the input fiber of the laser stripper 9 being fused to the GT-wave active fiber output and the output fiber of the laser stripper 9 being fused to the laser output. The type of fiber of the laser output 10 is 50/400/0.15, the input fiber of the laser output 10 is welded with CPS, and the output end of the laser output 10 is welded with a quartz end cap to support the amplified laser output with higher power. The laser stripper is preferably an optical out-coupling structure such as a etched region or burr provided on the fiber cladding.
By designing the seed source fiber grating or adopting multimode gain active fiber, the flat-top energy distribution laser of the seed source laser is directly output, instead of adopting the extra-cavity mode control.
Of course, the amplifier GT-wave can be changed into a common double-cladding active doped fiber.
The laser beam combiner for the seed source pump source preferably adopts an (n+1) beam combiner, and the laser beam combiner preferably adopts a (6+1) x 1 beam combiner.
The input side of the laser beam combiner for seed source pumping is connected with an output tail fiber of the seed source pumping source, and the output side of the laser beam combiner for seed source pumping is connected with a high reflection grating HR of the seed source fiber grating; the pump light output by the seed source pump source is coupled into the seed source active optical fiber through the laser beam combiner for the seed source pump source, the seed source active optical fiber 4 outputs the seed light through the low reflection grating of the seed source optical fiber grating, the output side of the seed source active optical fiber 4 is connected with the first side of the optical fiber mode matcher (the seed light output by the seed source active optical fiber is input into the optical fiber mode matcher), the second side of the optical fiber mode matcher is connected with the first side of the optical fiber mode mixer, the second side of the optical fiber mode mixer is connected with the input side of the optical fiber amplifier pump gain optical fiber, the output side of the optical fiber amplifier pump gain optical fiber is connected with the first side of the laser stripper, the second side of the laser stripper is connected with the laser output device, and preferably, the laser stripper can strip cladding light or other stray light. The flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on the optical fiber mode mixer adopts an all-fiber structure.
In addition, the inventors realized that if only the 6 methods described above were used alone to achieve mode mixing, only core index perturbations or enhanced mode coupling could be induced alone, and since the fiber light was mostly located in the core and a fraction was near the cladding, the inventors hoped that both core and cladding index perturbations could be achieved, and therefore the inventors thought that ultraviolet light could be used to illuminate the core with ultraviolet light while deep etching the portion of the cladding near the core with ultraviolet light. While the inventors have considered the mechanical properties of the optical fiber to prevent the core from breaking, it is preferable that the range of the influence of ultraviolet light on the core when the ultraviolet light irradiates the 50/400/0.15 passive optical fiber is controlled within the range of 10 μm from the center of the core, that is, the irradiation position of the ultraviolet light on the core of the optical fiber is within the range of r <10 μm from the center of the core, causing the disturbance of the refractive index within the range of r <10 μm from the center of the core. The etching range of ultraviolet light to the cladding is controlled in the range of 5 microns outwards from the interface of the cladding and the fiber core, and the refractive index disturbance in the range of 5 microns outwards from the interface of the cladding and the fiber core is caused, so that the refractive index disturbance of the area with the greatest influence on optical mode mixing can be caused at the same time, and the optical fiber cannot be damaged easily.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a flat top energy distribution output high power fiber laser based on fiber mode mixer, includes seed source pumping source, seed source pumping source is with laser beam combiner, seed source fiber grating, seed source active optical fiber, fiber mode matcher, fiber mode mixer, fiber amplifier pumping source, fiber amplifier pumping gain optic fibre, laser stripper, laser output ware, its characterized in that: the pumping light output by the seed source pumping source is coupled into the seed source active optical fiber through the seed source pumping source by using the laser beam combiner, the output light of the seed source active optical fiber is input into the optical fiber mode matcher, the second side of the optical fiber mode matcher is connected with the first side of the optical fiber mode mixer, the second side of the optical fiber mode mixer is connected with the input side of the pumping gain optical fiber of the optical fiber amplifier, the output side of the pumping gain optical fiber of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the first side of the laser stripper, and the second side of the laser stripper is connected with the output device; the optical fiber mode mixer can convert partial fundamental mode laser with Gaussian energy distribution characteristic inside the optical fiber into a plurality of high-order modes, so that the fundamental mode and the high-order modes are mixed and transmitted in the optical fiber.
2. The fiber optic mixer-based flat top energy distribution output high power fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the input fiber of the laser stripper is welded with the output end of the pumping gain fiber of the fiber optic amplifier, and the output fiber of the laser stripper is welded with the input end of the laser output device.
3. The fiber-optic-mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the input fiber of the fiber-optic-mode matcher is a passive few-mode fiber, and the output fiber of the fiber-optic-mode matcher is a passive multimode fiber.
4. The fiber optic mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the seed source fiber grating comprises a high reflection grating HR and a low reflection grating LR, and the output side of the seed source pumping laser beam combiner is connected with the high reflection grating HR of the seed source fiber grating; the seed source active optical fiber outputs seed light through the low reflection grating of the seed source optical fiber grating.
5. The fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser adopts an all-fiber structure, and the seed source active fiber adopts an active fiber doped with ytterbium ions.
6. The fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the fiber amplifier pumping gain fiber adopts a fiber amplifier pumping gain integrated fiber, the fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser comprises an active fiber, a pumping fiber and a coating layer, wherein the active fiber is positioned in the middle, a plurality of pumping fibers circumferentially surround the cladding of the active fiber, the coating layer is coated on the periphery of the pumping fibers, and the core of the active fiber of the pumping gain integrated fiber is a rare earth ytterbium ion doped core; the cladding diameter of the active fiber of the pump gain integrated fiber is of an octagonal structure, the number of pump fibers is 8, one pump fiber corresponds to one side of the octagon, and the 8 pump fibers are uniformly arranged outside the octagon.
7. The fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein the seed source pumping source is composed of a plurality of fiber coupled output laser diodes, and the output power of each laser diode in the seed source pumping source is more than or equal to 300W.
8. The fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the signal input fiber and the signal output fiber of the laser beam combiner for the seed source pumping source are both optical fibers with the specification of 20/400/0.065; the specification of a pumping input fiber of the laser beam combiner for the seed source pumping source is 220/242/0.22, the pumping fiber and 6 pumps of the seed source pumping source are welded in sequence, and a signal input fiber is suspended at an angle of 8 degrees.
9. The fiber mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the specification of the input fiber of the fiber pattern matcher is 20/400/0.065; the output fiber specification of the optical fiber mode matcher is 50/400/0.15, and the mode field matching property of the optical fiber mode matcher can realize the laser mode matching transmission of two optical fibers.
10. The fiber-optic-mixer-based flat-top energy distribution output high-power fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the (6+1) beam combiner is adopted by the seed source pumping source laser beam combiner.
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| CN202311859824.XA CN117856013A (en) | 2023-12-30 | 2023-12-30 | Flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on optical fiber mode mixer |
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| CN202311859824.XA CN117856013A (en) | 2023-12-30 | 2023-12-30 | Flat-top energy distribution output high-power optical fiber laser based on optical fiber mode mixer |
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