CN117849883A - Receiving system for detecting reflected waves of well hole remotely by sound waves and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Receiving system for detecting reflected waves of well hole remotely by sound waves and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of acoustic logging, in particular to a receiving system for remotely detecting reflected waves of a well hole by using sound waves and a detection method thereof. The system comprises a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module; the signal receiving module is characterized by comprising a plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints which are connected in series up and down; each receiving and collecting nipple comprises receiving transducers with the same number; and each receiving transducer is used for receiving the acoustic signal reflected wave data sent by the signal transmitting module. According to the invention, under the condition of not increasing the design complexity of the instrument, the acoustic receiving system with increased number of receivers is realized by a specific-length receiving nipple cascade mode, the number of the receiving nipples can be flexibly increased or reduced according to actual needs, the difficulty of installing in an actual detection scene is reduced, useful signals are enhanced, noise and interference are suppressed, and the imaging effect of reflected waves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acoustic logging, in particular to a receiving system for remotely detecting reflected waves of a well hole by using sound waves and a detection method thereof.
Background
The sound wave far detection adopts a signal acquisition mode and a processing method similar to ground earthquake, sound field energy radiated into an underground stratum by a sound source in a well is used as incident wave, reflected waves reflected from a well side structure are recorded, and sound wave imaging is carried out on the underground stratum structure. The acoustic wave remote detection logging can image geological structures in the range of tens of meters around the well to obtain information such as the position, the inclination angle and the azimuth of the geological body from the well. The geophysical detection method has the advantages that the detection depth is larger than that of conventional well logging, the resolution is higher than that of seismic exploration, the gap of detection scale between the earthquake and the well logging is filled, and the method plays an important role in the out-of-well fracture detection of a fracture-cavity type oil and gas reservoir and the evaluation of the fracturing effect of unconventional oil and gas reservoir.
The acoustic reflected signals in the borehole are typically very weak in energy and are also disturbed by other mode wave signals in the borehole. The current method for receiving reflected waves in the well bore uses a fixed source distance and a fixed group number of receiving pup joints, and the received reflected wave signals have limited energy and poor final imaging effect. Improvements in acoustic structures and corresponding data processing are needed, especially for the reception of reflected waves in the borehole.
The structure of the existing acoustic wave remote detection instrument is as shown in fig. 1: the instrument is from bottom to top and is respectively a transmitting electronic circuit, a transmitting sound system, a sound insulator, a receiving sound system, a receiving and collecting circuit is limited by well conditions and strong interference of direct waves of a shaft, reflected wave signals of underground bodies are only on the order of tens to hundreds of percent of direct waves of the shaft and even submerged in noise, and because the traditional collecting mode mainly measures the stratum speed, the number of the used receiving transducers is small (only 8-13 in the axial direction), the length of a receiving array and the obtained reflection information are limited, so that far detection reflected wave imaging is often difficult to explain due to low signal to noise ratio, strong noise interference, offset false images and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the imaging effect of receiving acoustic wave reflected signals in a well hole, and provides a receiving system for remotely detecting the reflected waves of the well hole by using acoustic waves and a detecting method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a receiving system for detecting reflected waves of a borehole by acoustic waves, the system comprising a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module; the signal receiving module is characterized by comprising a plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints which are connected in series up and down; each receiving and collecting nipple comprises receiving transducers with the same number;
and each receiving transducer is used for receiving the acoustic signal reflected wave data sent by the signal transmitting module.
Preferably, the number R of the receiving and collecting pup joints is 2-8, which is determined by the radial detection distance of the well hole, the coverage times and the site construction conditions.
Preferably, each receiving and collecting nipple is provided with an infinitely cascade serial bus for receiving and collecting interconnection between the nipple.
Preferably, the length L of each receiving and collecting nipple is an integer multiple D1 of the distance L1 between adjacent axial receiving transducers, the value of L1 is equal to an integer multiple D2 of the lifting interval L2 during instrument measurement, the range of D1 values is 8-12, and the range of D2 values is 1-4.
Preferably, the number of receiving transducers in each receiving and collecting nipple is m×n, where M is the number of axial receiving transducers, N is the number of circumferential receiving transducers, M is 4-20, and N is 4-8.
Preferably, the receiving and collecting nipple further comprises a receiving and collecting circuit, a real-time clock and a storage circuit, wherein,
the receiving and collecting circuit is positioned at one side of the axial transducer array and is used for sequentially collecting, pre-amplifying, filtering and analog-to-digital converting the reflected wave data received by each receiving transducer in the receiving and collecting nipple;
the real-time clock is used for recording the time of data acquisition;
the storage circuit is used for respectively corresponding the reflected wave data acquired by the receiving and acquisition circuit with the depth information through a time stamp, storing the reflected wave data on the storage, and carrying out fusion processing after logging is completed, so that acoustic wave far detection imaging is completed.
Preferably, the fusion process includes:
the reflected wave data recorded by different receiving and collecting pup joints are recombined according to the time stamp and the depth information, and all the received data corresponding to each transmission of each depth position are arranged together;
the R receiving and collecting short sections are axially and totally R.M received waveforms, the waveforms are arranged from near to far according to source distances, interpolation is carried out on waveforms of adjacent short sections on the length part occupied by the receiving and collecting circuit, R-1 (L- (M-1) L1)/L1 interpolation data are obtained, and the combination and interpolation are respectively carried out on N directions;
and respectively carrying out filtering, denoising, reflected wave separation, offset imaging and superposition processing on the new array waveform after interpolation is completed according to different gather arrangements, thereby completing acoustic wave far detection imaging.
Preferably, each receiving and collecting nipple comprises a sound-transmitting window; the number of the sound transmission windows is consistent with the number of the receiving transducers in the receiving and collecting pup joint.
Preferably, a sound insulation module is arranged between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module.
On the other hand, the invention provides a detection method of a sound wave far detection receiving sound system, which is realized based on the receiving system of the sound wave far detection well hole reflected wave, and the method comprises the following steps:
the sound wave far detection receiving sound system is lowered to the bottom of the measuring depth, and sound signals are transmitted through the signal transmitting module at the current measuring depth;
each transducer in each receiving and collecting nipple of the signal receiving module synchronously records sound wave full-wave train signals, and waveforms recorded by each receiving and collecting nipple are stored in respective memories according to time stamps and depth information;
lifting the sound wave far detection receiving sound system by a depth interval L2, and repeating the steps until all depth measurements are completed;
after all depth measurements are completed, the waveforms recorded by different receiving and collecting pup joints are fused according to the time stamp and the depth information, so that acoustic wave far detection imaging is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, under the condition of not increasing the design complexity of the instrument, the acoustic receiving system for increasing the number of the receivers is realized by a specific-length receiving nipple cascade mode, and the number of the receiving nipples can be flexibly increased or reduced according to actual needs;
2. according to the invention, through the connection of the plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints, the difficulty in installation in an actual detection scene is reduced.
3. The invention can increase useful signals, suppress noise and interference and improve imaging effect of reflected waves by increasing the number of receiving transducers and the array length to obtain superposition of multiple coverage times of receiving and acquisition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional acoustic remote sensing instrument;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a single receiving acquisition nipple of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a system of the present invention including three receiving acquisition subs;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the invention using a system comprising three receiving capture subs for detection.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model used in the numerical simulation example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a total array waveform and waveforms of each sub after combining and interpolating a plurality of receiving sub according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6 (a) is a combined data result of 4 receiving collecting sub, and three of the waveforms of FIG. 6 (b), FIG. 6 (c) and FIG. 6 (d) are received;
fig. 7 is a comparison of the imaging results of the prior art and the present invention, wherein fig. 7 (a) is a conventional single receiver nipple imaging result and fig. 7 (b) is an imaging result of the receiver array of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a reflected wave receiving acoustic system for a well bore, which is used for receiving reflected waves in the well bore. The receiving transducer group and the collecting and processing circuit form an independent receiving and collecting nipple, the length of the receiving and collecting nipple and the distance between the internal axial receivers are in an integral multiple relationship, the upper mechanical interface and the lower mechanical interface of the receiving and collecting nipple are unified standards, the receiving and collecting nipple is provided with a serial bus which can be infinitely cascaded, and the receiving and collecting nipple is provided with a real-time clock.
The same two or more transducer groups in the receiving acquisition sub are required to be distributed at different levels.
More than two sound transmission windows are needed, and the number of the sound transmission windows corresponds to the number of the transducers.
The receiving and collecting pups can be infinitely cascaded, and data collected by each pup corresponds to depth information through a time stamp. The number of the cascade joints is determined by the field construction requirement; the more cascades, the more information is measured, and the higher the detection accuracy.
The receiving and collecting short sections are connected in series, so that the far detection imaging effect can be effectively enhanced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is further described below by combining with the embodiment.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a conventional structure, in which a receiving acoustic nipple is formed by a receiving transducer, and a receiving, collecting and storing circuit is a nipple. Embodiment 1 of the present invention proposes a receiving system for acoustic waves to remotely detect reflected waves from a borehole. The invention is different from the traditional structure in that the receiving and collecting pup joints can be infinitely cascaded, each part of receiving and collecting pup joint comprises a receiving transducer and a receiving, collecting and storing circuit, and the total length of the receiving and collecting pup joint is an integral multiple of the distance L between adjacent receiving transducers.
The acoustic wave remote detection system provided by the invention comprises: a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module; and a sound insulation module is arranged between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module. The signal receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints which are connected in series up and down; each receiving and collecting nipple comprises receiving transducers with the same number; each receiving transducer is used for receiving the acoustic signal reflection wave data sent by the signal transmitting module.
The number R of the receiving and collecting short sections is determined by the radial detection distance of the well hole, the coverage times and the site construction conditions, and is preferably 2-8.
There are a fixed number of transducer groups and a plurality of segments of the receiving acquisition circuit in this application, and the number of transducer groups per segment may be 4, 8, etc. The nipple must have processing and acquisition circuitry corresponding to the transducer and must have storage circuitry following data acquisition.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic view of a single receiving acquisition nipple is provided. The length L of each receiving and collecting nipple is an integral multiple D1 of the distance L1 between adjacent axial receiving transducers, the value of L1 is equal to an integral multiple D2 of the lifting interval L2 during instrument measurement, the range of the D1 value is 8-12, and the range of the D2 value is 1-4. The number of the receiving transducers in each receiving and collecting nipple is M, wherein M is the number of the axial receiving transducers, N is the number of the circumferential receiving transducers, M is 4-20, and N is 4-8.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a receiving and collecting nipple including three receiving and collecting nipples, each receiving and collecting nipple has four receiving transducers, the distance between each receiving transducer is L1, and the total length of the instrument nipple is m×l1. The upper and lower mechanical interfaces of the receiving and collecting pup joint are unified standards (the same interfaces of the instruments), and the receiving and collecting pup joint is provided with serial buses which can be infinitely cascaded, so that different numbers of receiving pup joints can be cascaded according to the needs of stratum wellholes in use. Fig. 4 is an example of a three-joint cascade using the receiver-collector joint of fig. 3, with 3 sets of 12-joint waveform data for each well depth. Because each group of waveform data has time information, 3 groups of waveforms can be fused into related 12-channel waveforms together for imaging processing according to time and depth information, and the imaging effect can be better improved.
Each receiving acquisition nipple is provided with a plurality of receiving transducers: for imaging effects and data processing effects, the more receiving transducers are capable of recovering formation information, but in practice, the more the number of receiving transducers is contained in a single receiving sonic nipple, the more difficult it is to achieve. The structure realizes the multi-channel acquisition without the upper limit of increasing the number of the receiving transducers under the condition of not increasing the manufacturing difficulty. The receiving and collecting pup joints are the same, and the production and the maintenance are easy.
Because of the special receiving and collecting nipple design, the multi-stage cascade connection can be realized, and a plurality of pieces of reflected wave data with the same depth can be obtained. The number of times of covering the same target by the reflected wave can be increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data can be increased in the superposition process. Multiple pieces of reflected wave data at the same depth may use more processing methods in data processing.
The receiving and collecting short sections all comprise sound-transmitting windows; the number of the sound transmission windows is consistent with the number of the receiving transducers in the receiving and collecting pup joint.
The receiving and collecting short section also comprises a receiving and collecting circuit, a real-time clock and a storage circuit, wherein,
the receiving and collecting circuit is positioned at one side of the axial transducer array and is used for sequentially collecting, pre-amplifying, filtering and analog-to-digital converting the reflected wave data received by each receiving transducer in the receiving and collecting nipple;
the real-time clock is used for recording the time of data acquisition;
and the storage circuit is used for respectively corresponding the reflected wave data acquired by the receiving and acquisition circuit with the depth information through a time stamp, storing the reflected wave data on the storage, and carrying out fusion processing after logging is completed, so that acoustic wave far detection imaging is completed.
The specific fusion treatment comprises the following steps:
the reflected wave data recorded by different receiving and collecting pup joints are recombined according to the time stamp and the depth information, and all the received data corresponding to each transmission of each depth position are arranged together;
the R receiving and collecting short sections are axially and totally R.M received waveforms, the waveforms are arranged from near to far according to source distances, interpolation is carried out on waveforms of adjacent short sections on the length part occupied by the receiving and collecting circuit, R-1 (L- (M-1) L1)/L1 interpolation data are obtained, and the combination and interpolation are respectively carried out on N directions;
and respectively carrying out filtering, denoising, reflected wave separation, offset imaging and superposition processing on the new array waveform after interpolation is completed according to different gather arrangements, thereby completing acoustic wave far detection imaging.
Example 2
The invention also provides a detection method for detecting reflected waves of a well hole remotely by sound waves, which is realized based on the system of the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
when the instrument is lowered to the bottom of the measuring depth, transmitting an acoustic signal at the current measuring depth through the instrument signal transmitting module;
r short sections of the receiving system synchronously record acoustic wave full-wave train signals together with R, M and N receivers, and waveforms recorded by the short sections are stored in respective memories according to time stamps and depth information;
lifting the instrument by a depth interval L2, and repeating the steps;
after all depth measurements are completed, the received waveforms of different pup joints are recombined according to time and depth information, and all received data corresponding to each transmission of each depth position are arranged together;
and arranging R.times.M receiver waveforms in the axial direction of the whole receiving array from near to far according to source distances, wherein no receiver exists at the corresponding position of the length part occupied by the receiving acquisition circuit, and signals of the receiver waveforms are obtained by interpolation of waveforms of adjacent pup joints. The number of the interpolated receivers is (R-1) ×L- (M-1) ×L1)/L1. Respectively carrying out the combination and interpolation on the N directions;
filtering, denoising, reflected wave separation, offset imaging and superposition processing are respectively carried out on the new array waveform after the interpolation is finished according to different gather arrangements, and a sound wave far detection imaging result of the underground geologic body is obtained.
Specifically, fig. 5 shows a model schematic diagram of numerical simulation, a karst cave group and a fracture zone exist outside the well, and fig. 6 shows a simulated acoustic wave full wave train waveform in the well. Fig. 6 (a) shows the result of combined data of 4 measurement sub-sections, each sub-section has 8 receiving transducers for recording waveforms in the axial direction, fig. 6 (b), fig. 6 (c) and fig. 6 (d) are waveforms of three sub-sections, array recording information of each sub-section is limited, the waveforms of fig. 6 (c) of one receiving sub-section are adopted for performing far-detection imaging according to the conventional far-detection method, the obtained result is shown in fig. 7 (a), and the waveforms of the scheme (i.e. fig. 6 (a)) of the invention are adopted for imaging, and the result is shown in fig. 7 (b). The information obtained by combining the short sections is more complete, and the accuracy of the imaging result is improved.
As can be seen from the above detailed description of the invention, the invention greatly improves the imaging effect by cascading a plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints, obtaining a plurality of channels of waveform data for each logging depth, and performing imaging processing on the plurality of channels of waveforms together.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for receiving acoustic waves to remotely detect reflected waves from a borehole, the system comprising a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module; the signal receiving module is characterized by comprising a plurality of receiving and collecting pup joints which are connected in series up and down; each receiving and collecting nipple comprises receiving transducers with the same number;
and each receiving transducer is used for receiving the acoustic signal reflected wave data sent by the signal transmitting module.
2. The system for receiving reflected waves of the acoustic far detection well hole according to claim 1, wherein the number R of the receiving and collecting pup joints is 2-8, which is determined by the radial detection distance of the well hole, the coverage times and the site construction conditions.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of said receiving collector subs has an infinitely cascaded serial bus for interconnecting the receiving collector subs.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the length L of each of said receiving collector subs is an integer multiple D1 of the spacing L1 between adjacent axial receiving transducers, L1 being equal to an integer multiple D2 of the lifting interval L2 measured by the instrument, D1 being in the range of 8-12 and D2 being in the range of 1-4.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of receiving transducers in each of the receiving and collecting subs is M x N, where M is the number of axial receiving transducers, N is the number of circumferential receiving transducers, M is 4-20, and N is 4-8.
6. The system for receiving reflected waves from a well bore for acoustic remote detection of claim 1, wherein the receiving and acquisition nipple further comprises a receiving and acquisition circuit, a real time clock, and a memory circuit, wherein,
the receiving and collecting circuit is positioned at one side of the axial transducer array and is used for sequentially collecting, pre-amplifying, filtering and analog-to-digital converting the reflected wave data received by each receiving transducer in the receiving and collecting nipple;
the real-time clock is used for recording the time of data acquisition;
the storage circuit is used for respectively corresponding the reflected wave data acquired by the receiving and acquisition circuit with the depth information through a time stamp, storing the reflected wave data on the storage, and carrying out fusion processing after logging is completed, so that acoustic wave far detection imaging is completed.
7. The system for receiving acoustic far-ranging borehole reflected waves according to claim 6, wherein said fusion process comprises:
the reflected wave data recorded by different receiving and collecting pup joints are recombined according to the time stamp and the depth information, and all the received data corresponding to each transmission of each depth position are arranged together;
the R receiving and collecting short sections are axially and totally R.M received waveforms, the waveforms are arranged from near to far according to source distances, interpolation is carried out on waveforms of adjacent short sections on the length part occupied by the receiving and collecting circuit, R-1 (L- (M-1) L1)/L1 interpolation data are obtained, and the combination and interpolation are respectively carried out on N directions;
and respectively carrying out filtering, denoising, reflected wave separation, offset imaging and superposition processing on the new array waveform after interpolation is completed according to different gather arrangements, thereby completing acoustic wave far detection imaging.
8. The system for receiving acoustic far-ranging wellbore reflected waves of claim 1, wherein each of the receiving capture subs comprises an acoustically transparent window; the number of the sound transmission windows is consistent with the number of the receiving transducers in the receiving and collecting pup joint.
9. The system for receiving reflected waves of a well bore for remotely detecting sound waves according to claim 1, wherein a sound insulation module is arranged between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module.
10. A method of detecting acoustic far-detection borehole reflection waves, based on a receiving system of acoustic far-detection borehole reflection waves according to one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the steps of:
the sound wave far detection receiving sound system is lowered to the bottom of the measuring depth, and sound signals are transmitted through the signal transmitting module at the current measuring depth;
each transducer in each receiving and collecting nipple of the signal receiving module synchronously records sound wave full-wave train signals, and waveforms recorded by each receiving and collecting nipple are stored in respective memories according to time stamps and depth information;
lifting the sound wave far detection receiving sound system by a depth interval L2, and repeating the steps until all depth measurements are completed;
after all depth measurements are completed, the waveforms recorded by different receiving and collecting pup joints are fused according to the time stamp and the depth information, so that acoustic wave far detection imaging is completed.
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| CN202311753922.5A CN117849883A (en) | 2023-12-19 | 2023-12-19 | Receiving system for detecting reflected waves of well hole remotely by sound waves and detection method thereof |
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