CN117846211A - 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical group OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and a preparation process thereof. The concrete slab comprises a compression layer, a transition layer and a tension layer from top to bottom. The pressed layer is formed by printing alkali-activated concrete; the transition layer is formed by printing low-carbon green concrete; the tension layer is formed by printing high-ductility concrete which is formed by taking ECC (high-ductility cement-based composite material) as a matrix and FRP grids as reinforcements. According to the invention, by combining with a 3D printing concrete technology, the composition components of the plate material are changed in space, the performance advantages of various materials are fully exerted, the bearing capacity and the ductility of the 3D printing concrete slab are improved, and the practicability of the 3D printing concrete is improved; meanwhile, a green gelling material is introduced, so that the cement consumption is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced; the method realizes the effective unification of low carbon emission, high ductility and high bearing capacity, and has good engineering practice significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and a preparation process thereof.
Background
In conventional design specifications and manufacturing methods, concrete structures are typically cast using a single, uniform mixture, but the material properties of the structure are underutilized in most locations. In order to optimize the use of the concrete structure, the material composition of different spatial positions of the structure can be changed to meet the performance requirements of different positions, namely, the gradient concrete structure is prepared.
For the last decade 3D printed concrete has evolved rapidly, providing a number of technical advantages over traditional casting and forming processes, minimizing construction time, reducing material wastage, and reducing costs. The nature of the layered stacking of 3D printed concrete technology can be reasonably combined with gradient concrete structures. Although the patent CN 115057720A, CN 107555895a adopts a 3D printing technology to prepare gradient concrete, preparation of functional materials is mainly performed. The 3D printed concrete is difficult to arrange reinforcing steel bars for reinforcement in the printing process due to the characteristics of extrusion and layering accumulation of the 3D printed concrete, so that the bearing capacity and the ductility of the 3D printed concrete cannot meet the requirements of the bearing member. On the other hand, because 3D prints the concrete lack vibration, lead to the porosity to be greater than the cast in situ concrete under the same ratio, even if use the reinforcing bar to consolidate, also can increase the corruption of reinforcing bar. The above problems severely limit the application of 3D printed concrete structures. Therefore, a suitable reinforcement material is needed to reinforce the 3D printed concrete and enhance the service life.
In addition, 3D printed concrete has strict requirements on rheology, and in order to meet the rheological requirements, a common treatment method in the prior art is to increase the cement content in the slurry while avoiding the use of coarse aggregate. This results in a higher cement content in 3D printed concrete than in traditional cast concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and a preparation process thereof.
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab and a preparation method thereof, wherein alkali-activated concrete, low-carbon green concrete and high-ductility concrete are prepared into gradient concrete slabs according to stress requirements of different areas of a member by a 3D printing concrete technology, and particularly, a reinforcing technology of printing ECC and FRP grids is used on a tension layer, so that the member has good bearing capacity and ductility and can be used as a bearing member; meanwhile, a green gelling material is introduced, so that the cement consumption is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced; the method realizes the effective unification of low carbon emission, high bearing capacity and high ductility, and has good engineering practice significance.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab comprises a compression layer, a transition layer and a tension layer from top to bottom; the thickness ratio of the compression layer to the transition layer to the tension layer is 35-45:10-30:35-45; the compression layer is alkali-activated concrete, the transition layer is low-carbon green concrete, and the tension layer is high-ductility concrete.
Further, the matrix of the high-ductility concrete is ECC, and the reinforcement of the high-ductility concrete is FRP grid.
Further, the alkali-activated concrete, the low-carbon green concrete and the ECC matrix have similar static yield stress, and the difference is less than 10%.
Further, the static yield stress of the alkali-activated concrete, the low-carbon green concrete and the ECC matrix is all 1000-2600Pa, so that the extrudability and the constructability are met.
Further, the alkali-activated concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the low-carbon green concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the ECC concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the cement is ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade not lower than 42.5;
further, the specific surface area of the silica fume is 20-30m 2 /g, siO contained 2 The mass fraction of (2) is more than or equal to 95%;
further, the fly ash is F-grade low-calcium fly ash;
further, the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder;
further, the grain size of the fine sand is smaller than 1.18mm, and quartz sand or river sand is preferred;
further, the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer (a polycarboxylic acid type high-performance water reducer produced by Jiangsu Su Bote new material Co., ltd.), and the water reducing efficiency is 25-30%;
further, the alkali-activator is sodium metasilicate in a solid state;
further, the viscosity regulator is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and the viscosity is 200000Pa.s;
further, the fiber is PE fiber, the length is 10-15mm, the diameter is 15-20 mu m, and the tensile strength is not less than 2.9Gpa;
further, the alkali-activated full-solid waste concrete is single-component geopolymer concrete which is favorable for 3D printing and only needs water.
Further, the ultra-high-ductility concrete is formed by printing an ECC matrix and an FRP grid at the same time.
Further, the strip width of the FRP grid is 4-8mm, the thickness of the FRP grid is 0.3-1mm, and the center distance between adjacent strips is 10-30mm; the average elastic modulus of the FRP grid is not less than 217.0GPa, the ultimate tensile strength of the FRP grid is not less than 2746.4MPa, and the ultimate tensile strain of the FRP grid is not less than 0.0128MPa.
Preferably, the width of the strip of the FRP grid is 4mm, the thickness of the FRP grid is 0.3mm, and the center-to-center spacing of adjacent strips is 20mm.
The invention provides a preparation process for preparing the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of a tension layer: weighing a material according to the requirement of ECC (error correction code), drying the material, mixing cement, silica fume, fly ash and fine sand in a stirrer after drying, stirring for the first time, adding water and a polycarboxylate water reducer, stirring for the second time to obtain slurry (slurry with uniform distribution), adding fibers (fibers are gradually added) into the slurry, stirring for the third time to obtain ECC slurry, and measuring the yield stress of the slurry by using a rheometer; respectively placing the slurry of the ECC and the material of the FRP grid in different feeding tanks in a 3D printer, and then performing 3D printing (the FRP grid and the ECC are printed at the same time) to obtain a tension layer;
(2) Preparation of a transition layer: weighing materials according to the proportioning requirement of the low-carbon green concrete, drying the materials, mixing cement, fly ash, mineral powder and silica fume in a mixer after drying, carrying out primary stirring treatment to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture, adding fine sand, carrying out secondary stirring treatment, slowly adding a polycarboxylic acid water reducer and water (preferably, the polycarboxylic acid water reducer and the water can be uniformly mixed in advance to prepare a solution), carrying out tertiary stirring treatment to obtain slurry of the low-carbon green concrete, and measuring the yield stress of the slurry by using a rheometer; placing the slurry of the low-carbon green concrete into a feeding tank of a 3D printer, and performing 3D printing on the surface of the tension layer in the step (1) to obtain a transition layer;
(3) Preparation of the pressed layer: weighing materials according to the proportioning requirement of alkali-activated concrete, drying the materials, mixing fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, fine sand and sodium metasilicate after drying, carrying out first stirring treatment, then adding water, and carrying out second stirring treatment to obtain slurry of alkali-activated concrete; and (3) placing the alkali-activated concrete in a feeding tank of a 3D printer, performing 3D printing on the surface of the transition layer in the step (2) to obtain a pressed layer, and covering a plastic film for curing (natural curing at normal temperature) to obtain the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab.
Further, the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (1) is 1-3 minutes; the second stirring treatment time is 4-6 minutes, and the third stirring treatment time is 2-8 minutes.
Further, the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (2) is 1-3 minutes; the second stirring treatment time is 2-4 minutes, and the third stirring treatment time is 2-4 minutes.
Further, the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (3) is 2-6 minutes; the time of the second stirring treatment is 2-4 minutes, and the time of the maintenance treatment is not less than 28 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) According to the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab provided by the embodiment of the invention, the stress area distribution of the slab under the load is aimed at, the slab is divided into a compression layer, a transition layer and a tension layer from top to bottom, the preparation of the gradient concrete slab is carried out by means of the natural layering characteristic of the 3D printing concrete, the stability of the whole component is ensured, the material characteristics of each strain area are fully exerted, the material waste is reduced, the bearing capacity and the ductility of the component are improved, and the practicability of the 3D printing concrete is improved;
(2) According to the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab provided by the embodiment of the invention, the alkali-activated concrete with excellent compression resistance mechanical property is adopted in the compression layer of the structure, and sodium metasilicate is used as an alkali-activated agent, so that the rheological property of the alkali-activated concrete is reasonably adjusted, the alkali-activated concrete is adapted to a 3D printing technology, and the compression resistance of the compression region is obviously improved;
(3) According to the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tensile layer of the structure adopts high-ductility concrete which is formed by taking the ECC matrix and the FRP grid as reinforcements, so that the defect that the traditional 3D printing concrete structure cannot be reinforced due to strip extrusion and layering accumulation is overcome, the 3D printing concrete structure is converted from a non-bearing structure to a bearing structure, and the application range of the 3D printing concrete structure is enlarged.
(4) According to the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab provided by the embodiment of the invention, the compression layer and the transition layer are arranged, green materials such as fly ash, mineral powder and the like are introduced on the basis of using raw materials, the performance requirements of different spatial positions are met, the material cost is reduced, the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced, and the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab has the effects of sustainable development and environmental protection.
(5) The 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of quick and simple preparation method and simple operation process, greatly improves the capability of bearing load and deformation of the structure, and has significance of practical engineering application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a tension layer.
FIG. 2 is a graph of different plate load-deflection curves prepared according to example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the load-deflection curves for different panels prepared according to example 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but are not intended to limit the practice and protection of the invention. It should be noted that the following processes, if not specifically described in detail, can be realized or understood by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art. The reagents or apparatus used were not manufacturer-specific and were considered conventional products commercially available.
The parts by weight (mass) used in the examples below may be, for example, gram, kilogram, etc., or any other amount commonly used in the art.
The cement in the following examples is ordinary portland cement having a strength grade of not less than 42.5; the specific surface area of the silica fume is 20-30m 2 /g, siO contained 2 The mass fraction of (2) is more than or equal to 95%; the fly ash is F-level low-calcium fly ash; the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder; the grain size of the fine sand is smaller than 1.18mm, and quartz sand or river sand is preferred; the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer (the embodiment selects a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer produced by Jiangsu Su Bote new material Co., ltd.) with water reducing efficiency of 25-30%; the alkali-activated agent is sodium metasilicate in a solid state; the viscosity regulator is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the viscosity is 200000Pa.s; the fiber is PE fiber, the length is 10-15mm, the diameter is 15-20 mu m, and the tensile strength is not less than 2.9Gpa;
example 1
Firstly, 3 groups of concrete plates with the length of 400mm, the width of 100mm and the height of 50mm are manufactured, wherein the first group is a gradient concrete plate prepared by the method provided by the invention and is marked as an A1 group, the second group is a 3D printing full ECC plate, the mixing ratio of the 3D printing full ECC plate is consistent with that of an A1 group ECC matrix and is marked as a B1 group, the third group is a 3D printing FRP grid-free gradient concrete plate, and the other mixing ratios of the 3D printing full ECC plate and the A1 group are consistent.
The preparation of the A1 group of plates (namely the preparation process of the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate) comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of tensile layer ECC: 30 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 8 parts by mass of fly ash, 15 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 1 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the PE fiber was gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes, and the mixing process was completed to obtain an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2103 Pa).
2) Printing a tension layer: pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a 3D printer feeding tank 1, placing the material of the FRP grid into a 3D printer feeding tank 2, and simultaneously starting an FRP grid printing spray head and an ECC printing spray head to enable the FRP grid and the ECC to be printed at the same time to obtain a tension layer (the structure is shown by referring to FIG. 1), wherein the thickness of the tension layer accounts for 40% of the thickness of a plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
3) And (3) preparing low-carbon green concrete for the transition layer: 45 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts by mass of fly ash, 10 parts by mass of silica fume, 100 parts by mass of fine sand, 5 parts by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 1 part by mass of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 30 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer does not need to be dried), and placing the ordinary Portland cement, the fly ash, the mineral powder and the silica fume which are subjected to the drying treatment into a 20L stirrer to be stirred for 3 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture; adding all fine sand into the powder mixture, continuously stirring for 3 minutes, preparing a mixed solution of the polycarboxylate water reducer and the aqueous solution into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to obtain the low-carbon green concrete slurry (with static yield stress of 2065 Pa).
4) Printing a transition layer: pouring the prepared low-carbon green concrete into a 3D printing tank, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a transition layer, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 20% of the thickness of a plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
5) And (3) preparing the alkali-activated concrete of the pressed layer: 60 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of mineral powder, 10 parts of silica fume, 100 parts of fine sand, 0.5 part of sodium metasilicate and 20 parts of water are selected; and (3) drying the selected materials, putting the dried fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, fine sand and sodium metasilicate into a 20L stirrer, stirring for 5 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture, adding water with the whole mass into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuing stirring for 3 minutes to obtain the alkali-activated concrete (the static yield stress is 2000 Pa).
6) Printing of the pressed layer: pouring the prepared alkali-activated concrete into a 3D printing tank, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a pressed layer, wherein the thickness of the pressed layer accounts for 40% of the thickness of the plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
7) And covering a plastic film on the top layer of the pressed layer, and naturally curing for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain an A1 group of plates, namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate.
B1 panel (control 1) preparation:
30 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 8 parts by mass of fly ash, 15 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 1 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the fibers were gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes to complete the mixing process, obtaining an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2103 Pa). Pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a feeding tank 1 of a 3D printer, starting a printing spray head, and printing; and after printing, covering a plastic film on the top layer of the board, and naturally maintaining for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain a B1 group board, namely the 3D printing full ECC board.
C1 panel (control 2) preparation:
1) Preparation of tensile layer ECC: 30 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 8 parts by mass of fly ash, 15 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 1 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the fibers were gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes to complete the mixing process, obtaining an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2103 Pa).
2) Printing a tension layer: and pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a feeding tank of a 3D printer, starting printing, wherein the printing thickness is 40% of the plate thickness, and obtaining the tension layer.
3) And (3) preparing low-carbon green concrete for the transition layer: 45 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts by mass of fly ash, 10 parts by mass of silica fume, 100 parts by mass of fine sand, 5 parts by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 1 part by mass of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 30 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material, and placing the ordinary Portland cement, the fly ash, the mineral powder and the silica fume after the drying treatment into a 20L stirrer for stirring for 3 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture; adding all fine sand into the powder mixture, continuously stirring for 3 minutes, preparing a mixed solution of the polycarboxylate water reducer and the aqueous solution into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to obtain the low-carbon green concrete slurry (with static yield stress of 2065 Pa).
4) Printing a transition layer: pouring the prepared low-carbon green concrete into a 3D printing tank, starting a printing spray head, and printing on the surface of the tension layer to obtain a transition layer, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 20% of the thickness of the plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
5) And (3) preparing the alkali-activated concrete of the pressed layer: 60 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of mineral powder, 10 parts of silica fume, 100 parts of fine sand, 0.5 part of sodium metasilicate and 20 parts of water are selected; drying the selected materials, putting the treated fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, fine sand and sodium metasilicate into a 20L stirrer, stirring for 5 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture, adding water with the whole mass into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuing stirring for 3 minutes to obtain alkali-activated concrete (the static yield stress is 2000 Pa).
6) Printing of the pressed layer: pouring the prepared alkali-activated concrete into a 3D printing tank 3, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a pressed layer, wherein the thickness of the pressed layer accounts for 40% of the thickness of the plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
7) Covering a plastic film on the top layer of the pressed layer, and naturally curing for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain a C1 group of plates, namely the 3D printing FRP grid-free gradient concrete plate.
After 3D printing plates of the group A1, the group B1 and the group C1 are naturally maintained for 28 days at normal temperature, a 3-point bending experiment is carried out, and the result experiment is shown in FIG. 2: the 3D printed concrete slab prepared by the method of the embodiment 1A1 has the bending resistance bearing capacity of 18.8kN and the maximum deformation of 5.48mm, and the ductility and bearing capacity of the 3D printed concrete slab are obviously higher than those of concrete slabs of other control groups while reducing the cement consumption.
Example 2
Firstly, 3 groups of concrete plates with the length of 400mm, the width of 100mm and the height of 50mm are manufactured, wherein the first group is the gradient concrete plate prepared by the method provided by the invention and is marked as A2, the second group is the 3D printing full ECC plate, the mixing ratio of the 3D printing full ECC plate is consistent with that of an A2 group ECC matrix and is marked as B2, the third group is the gradient concrete plate without FRP grid, and the other mixing ratios are consistent with that of the A2 and are marked as C2.
The preparation of the A2 group of plates (namely the preparation process of the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate) comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of a tensile layer ECC matrix: 40 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 10 parts by mass of fly ash, 20 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 0.8 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the fibers were gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes to complete the mixing process, obtaining an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2213 Pa).
2) Printing a tension layer: pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a 3D printer feeding tank 1, placing the material of the FRP grid into a 3D printer feeding tank 2, and simultaneously starting an FRP grid printing spray head and an ECC printing spray head to enable the FRP grid and the ECC to be printed at the same time to obtain a tension layer (the structure is shown by referring to FIG. 1), wherein the thickness of the tension layer accounts for 45% of the thickness of a plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
3) And (3) preparing low-carbon green concrete for the transition layer: 60 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts by mass of fly ash, 20 parts by mass of silica fume, 1200 parts by mass of fine sand, 6 parts by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 1 part by mass of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer does not need to be dried), and placing the ordinary Portland cement, the fly ash, the mineral powder and the silica fume which are subjected to the drying treatment into a 20L stirrer to be stirred for 3 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture; adding all fine sand into the powder mixture, continuously stirring for 3 minutes, preparing a mixed solution of the polycarboxylate water reducer and the aqueous solution, slowly pouring the mixed solution into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to obtain the low-carbon green concrete slurry (with the static yield stress of 2188 Pa).
4) Printing a transition layer: pouring the prepared low-carbon green concrete slurry into a 3D printing tank 2, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a transition layer, wherein the thickness of the transition layer accounts for 10% of the thickness of the plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
5) The alkali-activated concrete of the pressed layer is prepared by the following steps: 90 parts by mass of fly ash, 15 parts by mass of mineral powder, 15 parts by mass of silica fume, 120 parts by mass of fine sand, 1 part by mass of sodium metasilicate and 25 parts by mass of water are selected, the selected materials are dried, the dried fly ash, mineral powder, the silica fume, the fine sand and the sodium metasilicate are placed into a 20L stirrer to be stirred for 5 minutes, a uniformly distributed powder mixture is obtained, the water with the whole mass is added into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and stirring is continued for 3 minutes, so that alkali-activated concrete (static yield stress is 2100 Pa) is obtained.
6) Printing of the pressed layer: pouring the prepared alkali-activated concrete into a 3D printing tank 3, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a pressed layer, wherein the thickness of the pressed layer accounts for 45% of the thickness of the plate (namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete plate).
7) And covering a plastic film on the top layer of the pressed layer, and naturally curing for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain an A2 group of plates, namely the 3D printing low-carbon optimized strain concrete plate.
B2 panel (control 1) preparation:
40 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 10 parts by mass of fly ash, 20 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 0.8 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the fibers were gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes to complete the mixing process, obtaining an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2213 Pa). Pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a 3D printing tank 1, starting a printing nozzle, and printing; and after printing, covering a plastic film on the top layer of the board, and naturally maintaining for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain a B2 group board, namely the 3D printing full ECC board.
C2 panels (control 2) were prepared:
1) Preparation of tensile layer ECC: 40 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 30 parts by mass of fine sand, 10 parts by mass of fly ash, 20 parts by mass of silica fume, 2 parts by mass of PE fiber, 0.8 part by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and 10 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material (the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer and water in the raw materials do not need to be dried), putting the ordinary Portland cement, the silica fume, the fly ash and the fine sand after the drying treatment into a 10L stirrer for mixing and stirring for 1 minute, then adding the water and the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and stirring for 5 minutes to obtain slurry with uniform distribution; the fibers were gradually added and stirred for 6 minutes to complete the mixing process, obtaining an ECC slurry (static yield stress 2213 Pa).
2) Printing a tension layer: pouring the prepared ECC slurry into a feeding tank 1 of a 3D printer, starting printing, wherein the printing thickness accounts for 45% of the plate thickness, and obtaining a tension layer.
3) And (3) preparing low-carbon green concrete for the transition layer: 60 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts by mass of fly ash, 20 parts by mass of silica fume, 1200 parts by mass of fine sand, 6 parts by mass of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 1 part by mass of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20 parts by mass of water are selected; drying the selected material, and placing the treated ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, mineral powder and silica fume into a 20L stirrer to stir for 3 minutes to obtain a uniformly distributed powder mixture; adding all fine sand into the powder mixture, continuously stirring for 3 minutes, preparing a mixed solution of the polycarboxylate water reducer and the aqueous solution, slowly pouring the mixed solution into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to obtain the low-carbon green concrete slurry (with the static yield stress of 2188 Pa).
4) Printing a transition layer: pouring the prepared low-carbon green concrete slurry into a 3D printing tank 2, starting a printing spray head, and printing on the surface of the tension layer to obtain a transition layer, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 10% of the thickness of the plate.
5) The alkali-activated concrete of the pressed layer is prepared by the following steps: 90 parts by mass of fly ash, 15 parts by mass of mineral powder, 15 parts by mass of silica fume, 120 parts by mass of fine sand, 1 part by mass of sodium metasilicate and 25 parts by mass of water are selected, the selected materials are dried, the treated fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, fine sand and sodium metasilicate are placed into a 20L stirrer to be stirred for 5 minutes, a uniformly distributed powder mixture is obtained, the water with the whole mass is added into the uniformly distributed powder mixture, and stirring is continued for 3 minutes, so that alkali-activated concrete (static yield stress is 2100 Pa) is obtained.
6) Printing of the pressed layer: and pouring the prepared alkali-activated concrete into a 3D printing tank 3, starting a printing spray head, and printing to obtain a pressed layer, wherein the thickness of the pressed layer accounts for 45% of the thickness of the plate.
7) Covering a plastic film on the top layer of the pressed layer, and naturally curing for 28 days at normal temperature to obtain a C2 group of plates, namely the 3D printing FRP grid-free gradient concrete plate.
Finally, three groups of A2, B2 and C2 are subjected to a 3-point bending experiment, and the experimental results are shown in figure 3: the 3D printed concrete slab prepared by the method of the embodiment 1A1 has the bending resistance bearing capacity of 22.5kN and the maximum deformation of 5.03mm, and the ductility and bearing capacity of the 3D printed concrete slab are obviously higher than those of other concrete slabs while the cement consumption is reduced.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are merely for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art should not be able to make any changes, substitutions, modifications and the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab is characterized by comprising a compression layer, a transition layer and a tension layer from top to bottom; the thickness ratio of the compression layer to the transition layer to the tension layer is 35-45:10-30:35-45; the compression layer is alkali-activated concrete, the transition layer is low-carbon green concrete, and the tension layer is high-ductility concrete.
2. The 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab of claim 1, wherein the matrix of high-ductility concrete is ECC and the reinforcement of high-ductility concrete is FRP grid.
3. The 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab of claim 1, wherein the alkali-activated concrete comprises, in parts by mass:
4. the 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab of claim 1, wherein the low carbon green concrete comprises, in parts by mass:
5. the 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab of claim 2, wherein the ECC concrete comprises, in parts by mass:
6. the 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab of claim 2, wherein the strip width of the FRP grid is 4-8mm, the thickness of the FRP grid is 0.3-1mm, and the center-to-center spacing between adjacent strips is 10-30mm; the average elastic modulus of the FRP grid is not less than 217.0GPa, the ultimate tensile strength of the FRP grid is not less than 2746.4MPa, and the ultimate tensile strain of the FRP grid is not less than 0.0128MPa.
7. A process for preparing a 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing cement, silica fume, fly ash and fine sand, performing primary stirring treatment, adding water and a polycarboxylate water reducer, performing secondary stirring treatment to obtain slurry, adding fibers into the slurry, and performing tertiary stirring treatment to obtain ECC slurry; respectively placing the slurry of the ECC and the material of the FRP grid into different feeding tanks in a 3D printer, and then performing 3D printing to obtain a tension layer;
(2) Mixing cement, fly ash, mineral powder and silica fume, performing primary stirring treatment, adding fine sand, performing secondary stirring treatment, adding a polycarboxylate water reducer and water, and performing tertiary stirring treatment to obtain slurry of low-carbon green concrete; placing the slurry of the low-carbon green concrete into a feeding tank of a 3D printer, and performing 3D printing on the surface of the tension layer in the step (1) to obtain a transition layer;
(3) Mixing fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, fine sand and sodium metasilicate, performing primary stirring treatment, then adding water, and performing secondary stirring treatment to obtain slurry of alkali-activated concrete; and (3) placing the alkali-activated concrete in a feeding tank of a 3D printer, performing 3D printing on the surface of the transition layer in the step (2), and then covering a plastic film for curing treatment to obtain the 3D printing low-carbon optimized deformed concrete slab.
8. The process for preparing a 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab according to claim 7, wherein the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (1) is 1-3 minutes; the second stirring treatment time is 4-6 minutes, and the third stirring treatment time is 2-8 minutes.
9. The process for preparing a 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab according to claim 7, wherein the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (2) is 1-3 minutes; the second stirring treatment time is 2-4 minutes, and the third stirring treatment time is 2-4 minutes.
10. The process for preparing a 3D printed low carbon optimized deformed concrete slab according to claim 7, wherein the time of the first stirring treatment in the step (3) is 2-6 minutes; the time of the second stirring treatment is 2-4 minutes, and the time of the maintenance treatment is not less than 28 days.
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