CN117840797A - Quick detection method for swinging rod type broken knife in chain type tool magazine - Google Patents
Quick detection method for swinging rod type broken knife in chain type tool magazine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117840797A CN117840797A CN202410256771.0A CN202410256771A CN117840797A CN 117840797 A CN117840797 A CN 117840797A CN 202410256771 A CN202410256771 A CN 202410256771A CN 117840797 A CN117840797 A CN 117840797A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
- B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
- B23Q3/15724—Chains or belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0904—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool before or after machining
- B23Q17/0909—Detection of broken tools
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Abstract
According to the quick detection method of the rocker type broken knife in the chain type tool magazine, the characteristics of fixed knife sleeve positions of the chain type tool magazine are utilized, a plurality of knives are arranged on a knife chain of the chain type tool magazine, a rocker type broken knife detection device is arranged at the former knife sleeve position of a knife changing position, when a knife is changed, the knife chain rotates to a new knife to move to the knife changing position along with the knife sleeve, a knife handle for grabbing the new knife is inserted under a main shaft, after the knife grabbing is completed, the main shaft moves to the next processing characteristic of a workpiece in a translation mode with the new knife and leaves the chain type tool magazine, and meanwhile, the broken knife is detected. According to the method, when the tool changing action is carried out, the tool breaking detection is synchronously carried out, the tool changing and the tool breaking detection of the tool can be completed in the fastest time, the whole machining beat of the tool changing process and the machine tool is not affected, meanwhile, the detection of whether the tool is broken or not can be completed before the next tool is cut into a workpiece, the main shaft and the next tool are prevented from being additionally damaged to the greatest extent, and the machining efficiency of a large number of new energy automobile parts can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of broken cutter detection of machine tools for processing parts of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to a quick detection method of a swinging rod type broken cutter in a chain type tool magazine.
Background
Along with explosive growth of domestic new energy automobiles, machine tool requirements for processing automobile parts are larger and larger, and the automobile parts are manufactured in large batches, so that the automation requirement is extremely high, and anomalies in the processing process are detected, so that the mass quality problem is avoided. In the processing process of new energy automobile parts, a plurality of slender cutters, such as drills, taps, small-diameter end mills and the like, are often used, and the machining allowance is uneven due to unavoidable difference of the quality of part blanks, so that the slender cutters are inevitably broken in the processing process. Once the cutter is broken, if the cutter is not detected, the subsequent characteristics and even the subsequent workpieces are continuously and automatically processed, and the conditions of spindle collision damage, batch scrapping of processed parts, massive damage of the cutter and the like can be caused. Therefore, the abnormal cutter breakage must be quickly identified, and before the next cutter begins to process the workpiece, the judgment of whether the previous cutter is broken needs to be completed to determine whether to stop cutter replacement.
For small-diameter cutters, such as cutters with diameters below 5mm, the existing cutter breaking detection device for detecting the power of the main shaft often cannot identify the cutter breaking detection device, and particularly when the diameter of the cutter is below 2mm-3mm, the cutter breaking detection device for detecting the power of the main shaft is almost ineffective.
In order to solve the problem of fracture and failure of small-diameter cutters, a swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device is adopted for a common cutter magazine with a mechanical arm. The swinging rod is arranged at a spare cutter position of the cutter bin, after the processing of the previous cutter is finished, the main shaft moves to a cutter changing point, the mechanical arm carries out cutter changing action, the previous cutter on the main shaft is changed to the spare cutter position in the cutter bin, the next cutter is changed to the main shaft, then the main shaft is directly started and moves to the vicinity of the processing characteristics of a workpiece, meanwhile, the swinging rod in the cutter bin swings, the swinging rod contacts the cutter point of the cutter, and whether the cutter is broken or not is judged through the angle change of the swinging rod. In the whole process, the broken cutter detection and the main shaft start simultaneously, and the broken cutter detection does not influence the processing beat of the machine tool. However, the tool changing time is not fast, and the tool changing machine is generally a random tool changer and is divided into a large tool and a small tool, different tool sleeve positions are needed, when the large tool and the small tool are exchanged, the former tool needs to be returned to the tool changer, then the tool chain rotates, the next tool is changed to the main shaft, and the tool changing time is longer. The mass production mode of the new energy automobile industry determines the importance of the machining efficiency, and the pursuit of the machining beat is a necessary requirement for machining all automobile parts. In order to improve the machining efficiency, more and more machine tools are driven by a linear motor, and compared with the linear motor shaft of the machine tool, the linear motor shaft of the machine tool can be moved to directly insert and withdraw a cutter, so that the cutter changing speed can be higher. Therefore, the chain type tool magazine is adopted, a mechanical arm is not arranged, and tool insertion and extraction in the tool changing process are completed directly through the movement of the main shaft, so that a better mode is realized. But brings a problem at the same time, the chain type tool magazine without a mechanical arm has no tool position, only the tool position is replaced, the whole processing beat of the machine tool is not affected, meanwhile, the detection of whether the tool is broken or not is finished before the next tool is cut into a workpiece, and the installation and control of the swing rod type tool breakage detection device become a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a quick detection method for swinging rod type broken cutters in a chain type cutter magazine, which can finish cutter changing and broken cutter detection in the fastest time, does not influence the whole machining beat of a cutter changing process and a machine tool, can finish detection of whether the cutter is broken before the next cutter is cut to a workpiece, furthest avoids additional damage to a main shaft and the next cutter, and can effectively improve the machining efficiency of a large number of new energy automobile parts.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a quick detection method of a swinging rod type cutter breaking in a chain type cutter magazine comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a plurality of cutters on a cutter chain of a chain type cutter magazine, wherein each cutter is arranged on one cutter sleeve, each cutter sleeve and the cutters arranged on the cutter sleeve correspond to the same number Ti, i is {1, 2.. N }, and N is the total number of the cutters;
(2) Selecting any two adjacent cutter sleeve positions on the chain type cutter magazine, taking one cutter sleeve position, which is positioned in front of the cutter sleeve positions along the cutter chain rotation direction of the chain type cutter magazine, of the two cutter sleeve positions as a detection position, and taking the other cutter sleeve position as a cutter changing position;
(3) The swing rod type cutter breaking detection device and the cutter induction sensor are respectively arranged on the base of the chain type cutter magazine, the swing rod type cutter breaking detection device is positioned on the side face of the detection position, the cutter induction sensor is close to the back face of the cutter changing position, the cutter induction sensor is used for identifying whether a cutter is arranged on a cutter sleeve of the cutter changing position, and the swing rod type cutter breaking detection device is used for detecting whether the cutter arranged on the cutter sleeve of the detection position is broken and sending a signal to the numerical control system;
(4) The method comprises the steps that (1) a main shaft is provided with a cutter Tm for processing, m is {1,2,.. N }, at the moment, a cutter sleeve Tm on a cutter chain is an empty cutter sleeve, if the cutter Tm on the main shaft needs to be exchanged with a cutter Tn on the cutter chain, N is {1,2,.. N }, the cutter chain rotates until the cutter sleeve Tm moves to a cutter changing position, the main shaft is provided with the cutter Tm in a translation mode, after the cutter Tm is placed in place on the cutter sleeve Tm, the main shaft is pulled out of a cutter and lifted to the position right above the cutter changing position, and the cutter Tm returns to completion, and at the moment, the main shaft is completely separated from the cutter Tm;
(5) The cutter chain rotates to the cutter Tn and moves to the tool changing position along with the cutter sleeve Tn, the main shaft inserts the handle of a knife that snatchs the cutter Tn down, after the completion of snatching the cutter, the main shaft takes the cutter Tn to translate and leave the chain type tool magazine, moves to the next processing characteristic of work piece, simultaneously, carries out broken cutter detection, namely: the method comprises the steps that a cutter Tm is located at a detection position, whether the cutter Tm is broken or not is detected through a swinging rod type broken cutter detection device, a signal is sent to a numerical control system, if the cutter Tm is broken, the numerical control system controls a machine tool to stop suddenly, emergency treatment is carried out, and a swinging rod is reset; if the tool Tm is not broken, the numerical control system controls the spindle to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, and resets the swing rod.
According to the quick detection method of the rocker type cutter breaking in the chain type cutter magazine, the characteristics of fixed cutter sleeve positions of the chain type cutter magazine are utilized, a plurality of cutters are arranged on a cutter chain of the chain type cutter magazine, and cutters which need cutter breaking detection are all slender cutters, so that the cutters can be sequentially arranged according to the sequence of calling in the workpiece processing process, and the rocker type cutter breaking detection device is arranged at the previous cutter sleeve position of the cutter changing position.
After the tool changing is finished, in most cases, namely the situation of adjacent tool changing, the returned old tool is exactly at the detection position, when the main shaft tool grabbing is finished and the grabbed tool (namely the new tool) is moved to the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, the swinging rod type tool breakage detection device can start to perform tool breakage detection, so that the breaking condition of the old tool can be detected in the shortest time, the detection action and the tool changing action are basically performed synchronously, and the integral beat of the part processing cycle is not influenced. In a special case, namely, a case of non-adjacent cutter changing, if the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the new cutter and the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the old cutter are not in the adjacent cutter sleeve positions, after cutter changing is completed, the returned old cutter is not in the detection position, at the moment, the cutter chain is required to be rotated first, so that the returned old cutter is moved to the detection position, and then the cutter breakage detection is performed.
By the rapid detection method, the tool changing action is not affected by the broken tool detection, and unnecessary pause and waiting are not generated. When the tool changing action is carried out, the tool breaking detection is synchronously carried out, in most cases, the tool sleeve number corresponding to the new tool and the tool sleeve number corresponding to the old tool are positioned at the adjacent tool sleeve positions, the time required for conventional tool breaking detection is less than 1 second, the tool breaking detection is finished before the main shaft carries the new tool and does not cut a workpiece, and the new tool or the main shaft cannot be damaged. If the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the new cutter and the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the old cutter are not in the adjacent cutter sleeve positions, the cutter breakage detection can be completed within 1.5 seconds when the main shaft leaves the chain type cutter magazine, and the new cutter or the main shaft cannot be damaged. Under extremely individual conditions, if the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the new cutter and the cutter sleeve number corresponding to the old cutter are not positioned at the adjacent cutter sleeve positions and the small probability that large-distance backspacing occurs due to the fact that the adjacent cutter sleeve positions are more, whether the next cutter is cut to a workpiece or not can be considered, the machine tool is started to suddenly stop once the old cutter is detected to be broken, the new cutter is broken at most, and compared with the long-term processing beat, the result caused by the sporadic condition under the extremely small condition is just that one cutter is lost more, the whole workpiece is not scrapped, the loss is not very large, but the processing efficiency of a large number of new energy automobile parts can be preferentially ensured.
In a specific embodiment, in step (5), the knife break detection is performed in two cases:
first case: when the main shaft moves to the next machining feature of the workpiece with the tool Tn, if the tool Tm is located at a detection position, a swing rod of the swing rod type tool breakage detection device swings and detects the angle of the tool Tm, if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and a preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swing rod type tool breakage detection device sends a tool breakage alarm signal to a numerical control system, the numerical control system controls a machine tool to suddenly stop, emergency treatment is carried out, and the swing rod is reset; if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swing rod type cutter breakage detection device sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, and the numerical control system controls the next machining characteristic of the workpiece machined by the main shaft, resets the swing rod and waits for the next cutter change;
second case: when the main shaft moves to the next machining feature of the workpiece with the tool Tn, if the tool Tm is not located at the detection position, the tool chain rotates until the tool Tm moves to the detection position along with the tool sleeve Tm, then the swing rod of the swing rod type tool breaking detection device swings and detects the angle of the tool Tm, if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and the preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swing rod type tool breaking detection device sends a tool breaking alarm signal to the numerical control system, the numerical control system controls the machine tool to suddenly stop, emergency treatment is carried out, and the swing rod is reset; if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swinging rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, the numerical control system controls the main shaft to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, the swinging rod is reset, then the cutter chain rotates to the cutter sleeve Tn to move to a cutter changing position, and the cutter is waited for the next cutter changing.
In a specific embodiment, the movement and tool changing actions of the main shaft are controlled by an NC program of the numerical control system, the rotation of the tool chain is driven by a high-speed servo motor, and the high-speed servo motor is controlled by a PLC controller. The detection method of the invention not only utilizes the high-speed execution capacity of NC programs, but also utilizes the background execution capacity of the PLC controller, can realize the balance of high-speed sequential execution and background synchronous execution, avoids unnecessary pause, and utilizes the high-speed servo motor to improve the rotation speed of the cutter chain so as to ensure quick cutter change. The NC program, the PLC and the high-speed servo motor adopted by the detection method are all in the prior art.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the quick detection method for the swinging rod type cutter breaking in the chain type cutter magazine, cutter changing and cutter breaking detection are synchronously carried out while cutter changing actions are carried out, cutter changing and cutter breaking detection of a cutter can be completed in the fastest time, the cutter changing process and the whole processing beat of a machine tool are not affected, meanwhile, whether the cutter is broken or not can be detected before the next cutter is cut into a workpiece, and extra damage to a main shaft and the next cutter is avoided to the greatest extent. The rapid detection method provided by the invention is higher than the cutter changing efficiency of a common belt manipulator on a machine tool for processing parts of new energy automobiles in a large scale, especially on a linear motor driving machine tool with high speed and high acceleration, can effectively improve the processing efficiency of the parts of the new energy automobiles in a large scale, and can also avoid the defect that the existing main shaft power detection method for detecting the broken cutter through main shaft power change cannot detect a small diameter cutter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 before tool changing;
FIG. 2 is a left side view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in example 1 before tool changing;
FIG. 3 is a top view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in example 1 before tool changing;
fig. 4 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 before tool changing, wherein (a) in fig. 4 is a front view, (b) in fig. 4 is a left side view, and (c) in fig. 4 is a top view;
fig. 5 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 when the tool is returned, wherein (a) in fig. 5 is a front view, (b) in fig. 5 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 5 is a top view;
fig. 6 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 after the tool is returned, wherein (a) in fig. 6 is a front view, (b) in fig. 6 is a left side view, and (c) in fig. 6 is a top view;
fig. 7 is a three-view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 when the tool T2 is shifted to the tool changing position, wherein (a) in fig. 7 is a front view, (b) in fig. 7 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 7 is a top view;
fig. 8 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 when the spindle is inserted down to grasp the T2 tool, wherein (a) in fig. 8 is a front view, (b) in fig. 8 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 8 is a top view;
fig. 9 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 1 during the detection of the breaking, wherein (a) in fig. 9 is a front view, (b) in fig. 9 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 9 is a top view;
fig. 10 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 before tool changing, wherein (a) in fig. 10 is a front view, (b) in fig. 10 is a left side view, and (c) in fig. 10 is a top view;
fig. 11 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 when the tool is returned, wherein (a) in fig. 11 is a front view, (b) in fig. 11 is a left side view, and (c) in fig. 11 is a top view;
fig. 12 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 after the tool is returned, wherein (a) in fig. 12 is a front view, (b) in fig. 12 is a left side view, and (c) in fig. 12 is a top view;
fig. 13 is a three-view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 when the tool T3 is shifted to the tool changing position, wherein (a) in fig. 13 is a front view, (b) in fig. 13 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 13 is a top view;
fig. 14 is a three-view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 when the spindle is inserted down to grasp the T3 tool, wherein (a) in fig. 14 is a front view, (b) in fig. 14 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 14 is a top view;
fig. 15 is a three-view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 when the spindle leaves the chain magazine with the T3 cutter after the cutter is grasped, wherein (a) in fig. 15 is a front view, (b) in fig. 15 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 15 is a top view;
fig. 16 is a three-view showing the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 when the T1-bit tool 7 is rotated to the test position, wherein (a) in fig. 16 is a front view, (b) in fig. 16 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 16 is a top view;
fig. 17 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 during the detection of a broken cutter, wherein (a) in fig. 17 is a front view, (b) in fig. 17 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 17 is a top view;
fig. 18 is a three-view of the relative positions of the chain magazine and the spindle in embodiment 2 after the completion of the cutter breakage detection, wherein (a) in fig. 18 is a front view, (b) in fig. 18 is a left view, and (c) in fig. 18 is a top view;
FIG. 19 is exemplary main program and tool change macro program pseudocode as set forth in the examples;
specific reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
1-chain tool magazine, 2-tool changing position, 3-detection position, 4-tool induction sensor, 5-rocker type broken tool detection device, 6-main shaft, 7-T No. 1 tool, 8-T No. 2 tool, 9-T No. 3 tool.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
Example 1: in the quick detection method of the rocker type cutter breaking in the chain type cutter magazine, for the condition of adjacent cutter changing, taking a cutter changing front schematic diagram shown in fig. 1-4 as an example, 40 cutters are arranged on a cutter chain of the chain type cutter magazine 1, 40 cutter sleeves are corresponding to 40 cutters, and the 40 cutter sleeves and the 40 cutters are corresponding to the same numbers, namely T1, T2, … and T40.
The tool changing position 2 is the T1 tool set position in fig. 1-4, and the detecting position 3 is the T40 tool set position in fig. 1-4. The base of the chain type tool magazine 1 is respectively provided with a swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 and a tool induction sensor 4, the swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 is located on the side face of the detection position 3, the tool induction sensor 4 is close to the back face of the tool changing position 2, the tool induction sensor 4 is used for identifying whether a tool is arranged on a tool sleeve of the tool changing position 2, and the swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 is used for detecting whether a tool arranged on the tool sleeve of the detection position 3 breaks and sending a signal to a numerical control system.
Before tool changing, as shown in fig. 1-4, at present, a tool sleeve T1 is just on a tool changing position 2, a tool 7 No. T1 is mounted on a spindle 6, the tool sleeve No. T1 on the tool magazine side is an empty tool sleeve, a tool 8 No. T2 is mounted on the tool sleeve No. T2, and so on, a tool 40 No. T40 is mounted on the tool sleeve No. T40. For simplicity of description, T3-T40 cutters are not shown in FIGS. 1-4.
If the T1 number tool 7 on the spindle 6 needs to be exchanged with the T2 number tool 8 on the tool chain, the tool chain does not need to be rotated because the tool sleeve number T1 of the tool changing position 2 is exactly the tool number of the tool 7 on the spindle 6, and the spindle 6 translates into the tool changing position 2 with the T1 number tool 7, as shown in fig. 5.
After the spindle 6 places the T1 cutter 7 in place on the T1 cutter sleeve, the spindle 6 pulls out the cutter and lifts to the position right above the cutter changing position 2, and the T1 cutter 7 returns to completion, and at the moment, the spindle 6 and the T1 cutter 7 are completely separated, as shown in fig. 6.
After confirming that the spindle 6 and the T1 cutter 7 are completely separated, the cutter chain rotates in the counterclockwise direction in the drawing, so that the T2 cutter 8 moves to the cutter changing position 2 along with the T2 cutter sleeve, and at the same time, the T1 cutter sleeve rotates to the detection position 3 with the T1 cutter 7, as shown in fig. 7. The main shaft 6 is inserted into a handle (shown in fig. 8) for grabbing the T2 cutter 8, after the cutter grabbing is completed, the main shaft 6 moves horizontally along with the T2 cutter 8 and leaves a chain type cutter magazine (shown in fig. 9) to move to the next processing feature of a workpiece, meanwhile, a swinging rod of the swinging rod type cutter breaking detection device 5 swings and detects the angle of the T1 cutter 7, if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swinging rod and the preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swinging rod type cutter breaking detection device 5 sends a cutter breaking alarm signal to a numerical control system, the numerical control system controls a machine tool to suddenly stop, emergency treatment is carried out, and the swinging rod is reset; if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swing rod type cutter breakage detection device 5 sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, and the numerical control system controls the spindle 6 to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece and resets the swing rod to wait for the next cutter change.
In the case of the adjacent bit change in embodiment 1, the time required for the bit breakage detection is less than 1 second, and the bit breakage detection is completed before the spindle 6 carries the new bit and the workpiece is cut, so that the new bit or the spindle 6 is not damaged.
Example 2: in the quick detection method of the swinging rod type cutter breaking in the chain type cutter magazine, for the situation of non-adjacent cutter changing, taking a cutter changing front schematic diagram shown in fig. 10 as an example, 40 cutters are arranged on a cutter chain of the chain type cutter magazine 1, 40 cutter sleeves correspond to 40 cutters, and the 40 cutter sleeves and the 40 cutters correspond to the same numbers, namely T1, T2, … and T40 respectively.
The tool changing position 2 is the T1 tool set position in fig. 10, and the detecting position 3 is the T40 tool set position in fig. 10. The base of the chain type tool magazine 1 is respectively provided with a swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 and a tool induction sensor 4, the swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 is located on the side face of the detection position 3, the tool induction sensor 4 is close to the back face of the tool changing position 2, the tool induction sensor 4 is used for identifying whether a tool is arranged on a tool sleeve of the tool changing position 2, and the swinging rod type tool breakage detection device 5 is used for detecting whether a tool arranged on the tool sleeve of the detection position 3 breaks and sending a signal to a numerical control system.
Before tool changing, as shown in fig. 10, at present, a tool sleeve T1 is just on a tool changing position 2, a tool 7 No. T1 is mounted on a spindle 6, a tool sleeve No. T1 on the tool magazine side is an empty tool sleeve, a tool No. T2 is mounted on a tool sleeve No. T2, a tool 9 No. T3 is mounted on a tool sleeve No. T3, and so on, a tool sleeve No. T40 is mounted on a tool sleeve No. T40. For simplicity of description, T2, T4-T40 cutters are not shown in FIG. 10.
If the tool number T1 on the spindle 6 needs to be exchanged with the tool number T3 on the tool chain 9, the tool chain does not need to be rotated because the tool sleeve number T1 of the tool changing position 2 is exactly the tool number of the tool 7 on the spindle 6, and the spindle 6 translates into the tool changing position 2 with the tool number T1, as shown in fig. 11.
After the spindle 6 places the T1 cutter 7 in place on the T1 cutter sleeve, the spindle 6 pulls out the cutter and lifts to the position right above the cutter changing position 2, and the T1 cutter 7 returns to completion, and at this time, the spindle 6 and the T1 cutter 7 are completely separated, as shown in FIG. 12.
After confirming that the spindle 6 and the T1 cutter 7 are completely separated, the cutter chain rotates in the anticlockwise direction in the drawing, so that the T3 cutter 9 moves 2 cutter sleeve positions along with the T3 cutter sleeve to the cutter changing position 2, and at the same time, the T1 cutter sleeve rotates to the next cutter sleeve position of the detection position 3 with the T1 cutter 7, as shown in fig. 13. Because the T1 cutter 7 is not located at the detecting position 3 and does not meet the condition of cutter breakage detection, cutter breakage detection is not executed, but the spindle 6 normally grabs the cutter, namely the spindle 6 inserts a cutter handle for grabbing the T3 cutter 9 (shown in fig. 14), after cutter grabbing is completed, the spindle 6 moves horizontally along with the T3 cutter 9 and leaves a chain type cutter magazine (shown in fig. 15) to move to the next processing feature of a workpiece, meanwhile, the cutter chain rotates clockwise along with the drawing as shown in fig. 16, so that the T1 cutter 7 moves 2 cutter sleeves to the detecting position 3 along with the T1 cutter sleeve, at the moment, the condition of cutter breakage detection is met, the swinging rod of the swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device 5 swings and detects the angle of the T1 cutter 7, and if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swinging rod and the preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device 5 sends a cutter breakage alarm signal to a numerical control machine tool emergency treatment, and resets the swinging rod; if the difference between the angle value measured by the swinging rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device 5 sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, the numerical control system controls the main shaft 6 to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, resets the swinging rod, then rotates the cutter chain to the T3 cutter sleeve to move to the cutter changing position, and waits for the next cutter changing, as shown in fig. 18.
In the case of the non-adjacent bit change in example 2, the time required for the bit breakage detection is less than 1.5 seconds, and the bit breakage detection is completed before the spindle 6 carries the new bit and the workpiece is cut, so that the new bit or the spindle 6 is not damaged.
In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the movement and tool changing operation of the spindle 6 are controlled by the NC program of the numerical control system, the rotation of the cutter chain is driven by the high-speed servo motor, and the high-speed servo motor is controlled by the PLC controller. The NC program and the PLC controller are both of the prior art. Typical main program and tool change macro program pseudocode are shown in fig. 19.
The chain tool magazine in the above embodiment further includes other components that enable the chain tool magazine to be used normally, which are all conventional technical means in the art. The devices, components and systems not defined in the present invention all employ means conventional in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A quick detection method of a swinging rod type cutter breaking in a chain type cutter magazine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Arranging a plurality of cutters on a cutter chain of a chain type cutter magazine, wherein each cutter is arranged on one cutter sleeve, each cutter sleeve and the cutters arranged on the cutter sleeve correspond to the same number Ti, i is {1, 2.. N }, and N is the total number of the cutters;
(2) Selecting any two adjacent cutter sleeve positions on the chain type cutter magazine, taking one cutter sleeve position, which is positioned in front of the cutter sleeve positions along the cutter chain rotation direction of the chain type cutter magazine, of the two cutter sleeve positions as a detection position, and taking the other cutter sleeve position as a cutter changing position;
(3) The swing rod type cutter breaking detection device and the cutter induction sensor are respectively arranged on the base of the chain type cutter magazine, the swing rod type cutter breaking detection device is positioned on the side face of the detection position, the cutter induction sensor is close to the back face of the cutter changing position, the cutter induction sensor is used for identifying whether a cutter is arranged on a cutter sleeve of the cutter changing position, and the swing rod type cutter breaking detection device is used for detecting whether the cutter arranged on the cutter sleeve of the detection position is broken and sending a signal to the numerical control system;
(4) The method comprises the steps that (1) a main shaft is provided with a cutter Tm for processing, m is {1,2,.. N }, at the moment, a cutter sleeve Tm on a cutter chain is an empty cutter sleeve, if the cutter Tm on the main shaft needs to be exchanged with a cutter Tn on the cutter chain, N is {1,2,.. N }, the cutter chain rotates until the cutter sleeve Tm moves to a cutter changing position, the main shaft is provided with the cutter Tm in a translation mode, after the cutter Tm is placed in place on the cutter sleeve Tm, the main shaft is pulled out of a cutter and lifted to the position right above the cutter changing position, and the cutter Tm returns to completion, and at the moment, the main shaft is completely separated from the cutter Tm;
(5) The cutter chain rotates to the cutter Tn and moves to the tool changing position along with the cutter sleeve Tn, the main shaft inserts the handle of a knife that snatchs the cutter Tn down, after the completion of snatching the cutter, the main shaft takes the cutter Tn to translate and leave the chain type tool magazine, moves to the next processing characteristic of work piece, simultaneously, carries out broken cutter detection, namely: the method comprises the steps that a cutter Tm is located at a detection position, whether the cutter Tm is broken or not is detected through a swinging rod type broken cutter detection device, a signal is sent to a numerical control system, if the cutter Tm is broken, the numerical control system controls a machine tool to stop suddenly, emergency treatment is carried out, and a swinging rod is reset; if the tool Tm is not broken, the numerical control system controls the spindle to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, and resets the swing rod.
2. The method for rapidly detecting a rocker type broken knife in a chain magazine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the broken knife detection is performed in two cases:
first case: when the main shaft moves to the next machining feature of the workpiece with the tool Tn, if the tool Tm is located at a detection position, a swing rod of the swing rod type tool breakage detection device swings and detects the angle of the tool Tm, if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and a preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swing rod type tool breakage detection device sends a tool breakage alarm signal to a numerical control system, the numerical control system controls a machine tool to suddenly stop, emergency treatment is carried out, and the swing rod is reset; if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swing rod type cutter breakage detection device sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, and the numerical control system controls the next machining characteristic of the workpiece machined by the main shaft, resets the swing rod and waits for the next cutter change;
second case: when the main shaft moves to the next machining feature of the workpiece with the tool Tn, if the tool Tm is not located at the detection position, the tool chain rotates until the tool Tm moves to the detection position along with the tool sleeve Tm, then the swing rod of the swing rod type tool breaking detection device swings and detects the angle of the tool Tm, if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swing rod and the preset angle value exceeds a set value, the swing rod type tool breaking detection device sends a tool breaking alarm signal to the numerical control system, the numerical control system controls the machine tool to suddenly stop, emergency treatment is carried out, and the swing rod is reset; if the difference value between the angle value measured by the swinging rod and the preset angle value does not exceed the set value, the swinging rod type cutter breakage detection device sends a safety signal to the numerical control system, the numerical control system controls the main shaft to process the next processing characteristic of the workpiece, the swinging rod is reset, then the cutter chain rotates to the cutter sleeve Tn to move to a cutter changing position, and the cutter is waited for the next cutter changing.
3. The method for rapidly detecting the rocker type broken knife in the chain type knife magazine according to claim 1, wherein the movement and the knife changing action of the main shaft are controlled by an NC program of the numerical control system, the rotation of the knife chain is driven by a high-speed servo motor, and the high-speed servo motor is controlled by a PLC controller.
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| EP0127751A1 (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-12 | Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Bührle AG | Tool breakage control system |
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| CN117840797B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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