CN1178303A

CN1178303A - Electric power generating system combined with waste ncinerating furnace

Info

Publication number: CN1178303A
Application number: CN 97117696
Authority: CN
Inventors: 斋藤繁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1996-08-28
Filing date: 1997-08-27
Publication date: 1998-04-08

Abstract

The objective of the invention is to improve a garbage net effective power generation efficiency to about 30% under the conditions of stable operation by effectively utilizing heat to be generated in the burning of garbage. Wastes are burned in an incinerator and air separately introduced is heated by heat exchanges with a combustion waste gas and the air thus heated is used to burn a fossil fuel. This enables prolonged operation safely at a higher heat efficiency.

Description

Utilize the electricity generation system of the heat of waste incineration generation

The present invention relates to utilize the boiler and the thermal power generation system thereof of the heat that waste incineration produces.

In the prior art,, often be to utilize the direct heating boiler of its heat, produce steam, supply with generating for effectively utilizing the heat of burning away the refuse and being produced.

But this method will be adhered to the residual ash of waste incineration on the water pipe part in boiler, must often remove; Moreover, and the high temperature HCl, the SO that produce by burning away the refuse ₂Gas etc. also may corrode the water pipe of stove, moreover, make high-voltage operation itself have danger.

Thereby in the prior art, in the steam raising plant of the heat that produces is burnt away the refuse in utilization, be that 300 ℃, furnace pressure are to move under 30 atmospheric pressure normally in furnace temperature, furnace temperature is raised to more than 450 ℃, furnace pressure rises to 50 more than the atmospheric pressure even make, and also seldom arrives the electricity generation system of generating efficiency more than 25%.

In addition, also carried out the trial that improves generating efficiency with cogenerations such as steam turbines.This method has also been considered to generate electricity linked together with existing LNG generating, heavy oil, but in the middle of reality, do not implement this point, this method economic method (referring to document: the PPM-1994/7 of Japanese industry society, the 17th, 20,40,44,52,53 page) of can not saying so.

Purpose of the present invention promptly is to solve burn away the refuse difficulty in the heat that produces of effective utilization, brings up to about 30% under safe operation, the stable condition that turns round in the pure generating efficiency of waste incineration under the condition of safe and stable operation that (1) formula is represented.

The feature of the thermal power generation system of waste incineration heat of utilizing of the present invention is: rubbish is burned in incinerator, the air that to introduce in addition with the high-temperature gas that is produced arrives high temperature by heat exchanger heats, utilizes this heated high-temperature gas to make fossil fuel (fossil fuel) burning.

The drawing brief description

Fig. 1 is an ideograph of implementing the present invention; Fig. 2 is the ideograph of existing industrial waste incineration stove; Fig. 3 represents other examples of heat exchanger 3 shown in Figure 1.

Embodiment

Bottom borrows accompanying drawing that the present invention is illustrated.

Fig. 1 is an ideograph of implementing device of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the ideograph of existing industrial waste incineration stove; Other example of heat exchanger 3 in Fig. 3 presentation graphs 1.

On Fig. 1, the present invention is mainly by incinerator 1, fossil fuel stove 2, heat exchanger (air heating apparatus) 3 and 4 formations of heat exchanger (air preheater).

In incinerator 1, at first rubbish A is imported from rubbish introducing port 5, with air blast 6 combustion air B is sent into from furnace bottom 8 through air introducing port 7 again, in combustion chamber 9, make incineration firing, combustion residue is discharged from its outlet 10; By guiding the outlet 12 of fan 11 from the waste gas of burning discharge, discharging by conduit 13, at this moment, the waste gas C that burning is discharged passes through heat exchanger (air heating apparatus) 3 to the waste gas of burning discharge (burning row ガス).

By heat exchanger 3, reduced the burning combustion gas C of temperature through heat exchange, through conduit 13, again through removing the evil device, discharge if necessary from cigarette fontanel 14.

In addition, the fresh air D by fresh air introducing port 15 imports was preheated by heat exchanger (air preheater) in 4 o'clock.Then, be sent to heat exchanger 3 by conduit 16 and be heated to high temperature, again by conduit 17, spray in the boiler furnace 20 by jet pipe 18 with hot-air as fossil-fuel-fired.

The fresh air D that imports is heated to about 400～800 ℃ by

heat exchanger

4 and 3, this hot-air D is sent in the fossil fuel boiler 2 again.

In fossil fuel boiler 2, fossil fuel E is imported by fossil fuel introducing port 19.These fossil fuel E rely on high temperature air from jet pipe 18 ejections of aforementioned heating air D in the combustion chamber 20 internal combustion.The ion exchange water F that the introducing port 21 of the ion exchange water that 20 top is provided with from the combustion chamber imports becomes high-temperature water vapor through heater 22 heating, discharges driving steam turbine 24 and generator 25 from outlet 23.26 is backwater roads among the figure.

On the other hand, by heater 22, the burning combustion gas G that temperature has reduced is discharged by combustion gas outlet 27, and preheating imports air during then by heat exchanger 4, and is last, and combustion gas relies on guiding fan 28, through conduit 29, discharge from chimney 30.

Since in boiler, use fossil-fuel-fired itself be pure with hot-air D, so can not adhere to black dirt on the fossil fuel boiler 2; Needn't worry the corrosion of boiler.

Incinerator 1 among the present invention can so long as can burn the stove of any pattern of general discarded object and trade waste.

In addition, look concrete condition, preferably use the combustion chamber of incinerator 1 slightly to become the device of decompression state, make the combustion chamber become the state that forces down than atmosphere, the waste gas of discharge can not entered the atmosphere from rubbish introducing port 5 and burning residue outlet 10.

That is, preferably by air being imported the suitable adjusting of fan 6 and the exhaust air rate of guiding fan 11, make incinerator 1 within it the pressure ratio atmospheric pressure such as low by-1～-20mmH ₂The state of O is operation down.

In addition, as the fossil fuel that use in the stove 2, so long as fossil fuel such as crude oil, heavy oil, light oil, natural gas, coal can use.

Fig. 2 is a conventional garbage burner 31, and rubbish imports from rubbish introducing port 32; And air imports from combustion air introducing port 34 by fan 33, and is sent into by furnace bottom 35 and to make incineration firing in the combustion chamber; Burning residue is discharged from burning residue outlet 36; The burning combustion gas is discharged from chimney 38 by 37 guidings of guiding fan.In the direct-fired heater 39 of burning combustion gas that generates in the refuse burner 31, flow into water from inflow entrance 40, from steam outlet 41 is obtained warm to high temperature, in be depressed into the water vapour of high pressure, the direct generation of electricity.But the residue in the burning combustion gas easily makes the surface contamination of stove water pipe, produces corrosion, therefore, must take anticorrosive measure, and the metal temperature of existing stove supplying pipe is limited in below 400 ℃; Vapor (steam) temperature is limited in below 300 ℃.

Thereby in Japan, the generating efficiency of garbage power is in about 10～15% these very low levels.(referring to document: the 1994/7, the 18th page, the 19th page, the 41st page of the PPM of Japanese industry society).

Fig. 3 is the ideograph of heat exchanger shown in Figure 1 (air heating apparatus) 3.

High temperature incineration firing combustion gas imports from introducing port 42, through too much discharging from exporting 44 behind the root tubule 43.

The fossil-fuel-fired pure air D that uses imports from air introducing port 45, through being heated with the combustion gas heat exchange of high temperature incineration firing, discharges from its outlet 46 as the warmed-up fossil-fuel-fired pure air D that uses.

In addition, among the figure 47, be the device of removing the attachment that the burning combustion gas that contains pollutant adheres to during by many tubules.

Calculated example

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, in heat exchanger 4, be warming up to 200 ℃ the fossil-fuel-fired air of using by the heat of fossil-fuel-fired combustion gas being carried out heat exchange, again at heat exchanger 3 (multi tube heat exchangers, by the waste combustion combustion gas, the pipe outside is by the fossil-fuel-fired air of using in the pipe) in be warming up to 550 ℃.Because comprehensive herein heat recovery rate is 75%, so, suppose that the generating efficiency in the power plant that has adopted the electricity generation system of using fossil fuel is 38%, then the clean generating efficiency of rubbish in aforementioned (1) formula becomes 28.5%.

With the scale in power plant of the use fossil fuel of the burn away the refuse power plant and the usefulness of supposition be, the former is 3,000 ten thousand kcal/hr (being equivalent to the treatment of urban garbage amount is 360 ton per days), the latter is the power plant that is equivalent to 100,000 KW, 10% when being equivalent to generate electricity separately owing to the saving that has utilized the hot fossil fuel that bring of waste incineration.

And, as make a little decompression of this incinerator, as keeping decompression-10mm H ₂State about O is operation down, can open the lid of deposit removing device 47 among Fig. 3 under the situation that does not stop the incinerator operation, can remove the attachment that adheres in the tubule 43.

The present invention has aforesaid formation, and consequently, the air heat that promptly is used in the heat exchanger 3 of incinerator produces breakage with tubule, owing to be non-high pressure, also can not produce big danger; Owing to be not the heating pipe,, thereby can use for a long time again so it is also few to adhere to the residual ash of burning; In addition, because the fossil fuel boiler is to use pure fuel and pure air to burn, move continuously so can need not clean for a long time.

And the burning of fossil fuel boiler is to use the warmed-up high temperature air of heat that is produced by waste incineration, about 40% the thermal efficiency of existing oil boiler etc. can be brought up to about 60%.

Owing to make the combustion chamber decompression operation of incinerator, when the heat exchanger that cleaning is set up on the incinerator, need not stop boiler of the present invention and the also operation of the thermal power generation system of usefulness, can remove the rubbish that is attached on the heat exchanger tubule at an easy rate, benefit is a lot.

Besides, but because this device long-term safety is moved, can implement extensive design, these interests are very remarkable.

Claims

1. a thermal power generation system that utilizes the heat of waste incineration generation is characterized in that it comprises: incinerator; The heat exchanger that the heat that utilizes this burning combustion gas heats the air that imports from other paths; And use air to make fossil-fuel-fired boiler by this heat exchanger heats.

2. thermal power generation system that utilizes the heat that waste incineration produces, it is characterized in that, has the incinerator of under decompression state, burning away the refuse, utilize it to burn the waste gas of discharging, by heat exchanger the hot-air that adds that imports from other paths is heated, utilize this heated air to make fossil-fuel-fired.