CN117820058A - Preparation process of fishbone calcium granule suitable for plants - Google Patents
Preparation process of fishbone calcium granule suitable for plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN117820058A CN117820058A CN202410049215.6A CN202410049215A CN117820058A CN 117820058 A CN117820058 A CN 117820058A CN 202410049215 A CN202410049215 A CN 202410049215A CN 117820058 A CN117820058 A CN 117820058A
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- fishbone
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- polyethylene glycol
- calcium
- carrageenan
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
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- FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhamnolipid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCC)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 8
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- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a preparation process of fishbone calcium granules suitable for plants, which comprises the following steps: s1, weighing fishbone materials, and crushing to obtain fish paste; shearing the fish paste to obtain fish paste; s2, adding enzyme into fish paste for enzymolysis, filtering, taking filtrate, adding an additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain a finished product; has the advantage of being easily absorbed by plants.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a preparation process of fishbone calcium granules suitable for plants.
Background
The fish bone calcium is a calcium fertilizer product which is prepared by using fish bone as a raw material and processing the fish bone.
The fish bone is used as an organic fertilizer, has high organic matter content, does not contain heavy metals and chemical components, has no pollution and harm to soil, and can be beneficial to the soil to release substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like and improve fertility; the fishbone contains rich calcium, phosphorus, bone glue and various microelements, so that the fishbone not only promotes plant growth, quickens nutrient absorption and improves plant immunity and stress resistance, but also has stronger biological activity, can improve the richness and activity of microbial colonies in soil, improve the soil structure and enhance the water retention and ventilation of the soil; however, the powdered fishbone is not easily absorbed by plants.
Therefore, how to prepare the fishbone calcium granules which are easy to be absorbed by plants is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to prepare the fishbone calcium granules which are easy to be absorbed by plants, the application provides a preparation process of the fishbone calcium granules which are applicable to plants.
The application provides a preparation process of fishbone calcium granules suitable for plants, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of fishbone calcium granule suitable for plants comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and crushing to obtain fish paste; shearing the fish paste to obtain fish paste;
s2, adding enzyme into fish paste for enzymolysis, filtering, taking filtrate, adding an additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain a finished product.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fish bones are crushed and sheared, so that large fish bones are changed into a small particle state, and the fish bones and the fish meat contain water, so that the fish paste is obtained; the fish paste contains high-content protein, calcium and phosphorus substances, and in the enzymolysis process, macromolecular protein is gradually hydrolyzed into substances such as small molecular peptide, amino acid and the like, the filtrate contains hydrolysis products, and after the additive is added, finished fishbone calcium granules can be prepared and used for being sprayed in plant leaves or soil, and the amino acid, the small molecular peptide, the calcium and the phosphorus are utilized to promote plant growth.
Preferably, the speed in the crushing process is 300-400r/min, and the efficiency is 220-240kg/h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fish bone is quickly changed into the fish paste, the physical structure of the fish bone is damaged, the cutting is convenient, the enzyme system can be promoted to fully contact with collagen in the fish bone, the hydrolysis rate of collagen substrates is improved, and the fish bone calcium granules with higher protein content are obtained.
Preferably, the shearing speed is 1000-1200r/min, and the time is 3-6h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fishbone structure is completely destroyed by shearing and crushing treatment for a long time at a higher speed, multi-site collagen is exposed, the contact area between the collagen and an enzyme system is increased, the hydrolysis speed of protein is increased, and the fishbone calcium granule has higher content of small molecular peptides and amino acids.
Preferably, the enzyme consists of flavourzyme and compound protease with the mass ratio of 1:0.5-1, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-48 ℃ and the time is 4-6h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the proportion of the enzyme system, the enzymolysis temperature and the enzymolysis time are limited, and the enzymolysis speed is improved, so that the decomposition efficiency of the large molecular weight protein in the fishbone is improved, and the fishbone calcium granule contains more small molecular peptides and amino acids.
Preferably, calcium caseinate and carrageenan coated chitosan particles are added after shearing.
By adopting the technical scheme, calcium caseinate and coated chitosan particles are matched, and the good foamability of the calcium caseinate is utilized to enable bubbles to be generated in fish paste, and the flow of the bubbles is dispersed, so that the uniform dispersion of proteins in the fish paste can be promoted, the uniform contact with an enzyme system is facilitated, the rapid hydrolysis of the proteins by enzymes is promoted, and the extraction efficiency and the extraction rate of the proteins in fish bones are improved; in addition, carrageenan in the carrageenan coated chitosan particles is dissolved in water with high temperature, and in the enzyme system treatment process, the carrageenan is not easy to dissolve, but belongs to protein, and is easy to be enzymatically hydrolyzed along with the extension of time, so that the contents of amino acid and small molecular peptide in the granule are improved; and the chitosan particles are exposed, so that the hydrolysis product of the protein in the fish paste is conveniently adsorbed by utilizing the good adsorption effect of the chitosan particles, the residual amount of the hydrolysis product in the solid after the fish paste is filtered is reduced, and the extraction rate of the protein in the fish bone is improved, so that the finished fish bone calcium granules contain the protein with higher content.
The chitosan particles can be used as fertilizer to promote the soil loosening of plants and inhibit pests and harmful bacteria in the soil, and even if the fishbone calcium granules contain part of chitosan particles, the problems are avoided, and the growth and development of plants can be promoted.
Preferably, the carrageenan coated chitosan particles are prepared by the following method:
weighing chitosan particles, and soaking and dispersing the chitosan particles in PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil for 20-30min to prepare material-carrying chitosan particles;
uniformly mixing carrageenan, perilla meal, rhamnolipid and water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.1:0.2-0.35:100-120 to prepare carrageenan liquid;
uniformly spraying carrageenan liquid on the surfaces of the chitosan particles of the carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:1-3, and forming a film layer by drying the carrageenan liquid to obtain a finished product.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chitosan particles and the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil are matched, the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil is conveniently adsorbed by utilizing the better adsorption effect of the pore structure in the chitosan particles, the uniform contact of the chitosan particles with protein bound at fat positions in fish bones and fish meat can be promoted by utilizing the better lipid permeation effect of the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and the protein at the fat positions is not easy to contact an enzyme system and is hydrolyzed because fat is insoluble in water, and the lipophilic effect of the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil and rhamnolipid is utilized to further promote the dispersion of lipid substances and improve the content of small molecular protein in fish bone calcium granules.
Carrageenan, perilla meal, rhamnolipid and water are matched, a carrageenan solution is used as a matrix, the perilla meal and the rhamnolipid are loaded, the lipophilic end on the surface of the loaded chitosan particles is convenient to contact with fatty substances in fish bones and fish meat by utilizing the hydrophilic end and the lipophilic end of the rhamnolipid, and the adsorption effect of the perilla meal on lipid substances in hydrolyzed fish bones is matched, so that the enzyme system is promoted to uniformly contact with collagen near the lipids in the fish bones, the extraction rate of the collagen in the fish bones is improved, and the content of micromolecular protein in the fish bone calcium granules is further improved.
PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil can be degraded in nature, while perilla meal can loosen the soil structure, thereby helping plant growth.
Preferably, the enzyme is coated enzyme powder; the coated enzyme powder is prepared by loading enzyme powder on polyethylene glycol particles and then adhering a polyethylene glycol film.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the coating enzyme powder is added, the polyethylene glycol particles with larger specific surface area are utilized to conveniently sink into and disperse in the fish paste, so that the contact area and the contact rate of the enzyme powder and the collagen in the fish paste are improved; the enzyme powder is coated by the polyethylene glycol film, and in the enzymolysis process, the good flowing dispersibility of the hydrolyzed polyethylene glycol is utilized, so that the enzyme powder is convenient to uniformly disperse in the fish paste, the contact area and the contact rate of the enzyme powder and collagen in the fish paste are further improved, the finished product fish bone calcium granules contain higher micromolecular peptide and amino acid content, and the growth of plants is further promoted.
Preferably, the polyethylene glycol particles consist of polyethylene glycol 8000-20000 and cubic silicon nitride in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the enzyme powder with higher density and convenient carrying surface adhesion of the cubic silicon nitride is utilized to enter the fish paste, and the enzyme powder is convenient to be in uniform contact with the fish paste after the enzyme powder is separated from polyethylene glycol particles, so that the hydrolysis efficiency of collagen in fish bones and fish meat is improved, and the content of small molecular peptides and amino acids in finished fish bone calcium granules is improved.
Even if cubic silicon nitride remains in the fishbone calcium granules, the effect of the cubic silicon nitride on soil is utilized, so that the plant growth can be promoted.
Preferably, the particle size of the polyethylene glycol particles is 100-150 mu m, and the particle size of the cubic silicon nitride is 20-30 mu m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the large particle size of polyethylene glycol particles is limited, and the cubic silicon nitride is matched, so that enzyme powder can be carried uniformly and quickly to enter the fish paste, the contact uniformity of the fish paste and the enzyme powder is improved, the hydrolysis of enzyme system to collagen is improved, the finished fishbone calcium granule contains high-content small molecular peptide and amino acid, and the plant growth is promoted.
Preferably, the specific steps of the filtering treatment are as follows:
obtaining enzymolysis liquid after enzymolysis; sieving the enzymolysis liquid to obtain primary filtrate;
the solid is ground to completely destroy the structure of chitosan particles, then water is added to be mixed and stirred uniformly, secondary filtrate is filtered and taken, and the secondary filtrate and primary filtrate are mixed uniformly.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chitosan particles adsorbed with the small molecular peptides and the amino acids completely destroy the chitosan particle structure under the action of full grinding, and after the chitosan particles are mixed with water, the small molecular peptides and the amino acids are dissolved in the water, so that the protein content in the liquid granule is further improved, and the ground small-particle-size chitosan particles can play roles in loosening soil, inhibiting bacteria, fixing nitrogen and the like in the soil, can act on the soil surface along with the fishbone calcium granule, and promote the growth of plants.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fish bones are crushed and sheared to enable the large fish bones to be in a small particle state, and the fish bones and the fish meat contain water, so that fish paste is obtained; the fish paste contains high-content protein, calcium and phosphorus substances, and in the enzymolysis process, macromolecular protein is gradually hydrolyzed into substances such as small molecular peptide, amino acid and the like, the filtrate contains hydrolysis products, and after the additive is added, finished fishbone calcium granules can be prepared and used for being sprayed in plant leaves or soil, and the amino acid, the small molecular peptide, the calcium and the phosphorus are utilized to promote plant growth.
2. The fishbone and fish meat contain abundant collagen, so that the micromolecular peptide and amino acid generated after enzymolysis can promote plant growth and development, enhance plant immunity and improve plant disease resistance and insect resistance.
3. The amino acid can be used as an organic nitrogen source to promote plant growth, and the calcium can promote plant root growth, so that plants can be promoted to absorb nutrient substances in soil, and crop stress resistance and insect resistance are improved.
4. The fishbone calcium granule is slightly alkaline, and is a natural acid-base conditioner. Can replace the action of soil conditioner, and can dynamically improve soil due to the excitation of microorganisms by collagen, thereby having better effect.
5. The fishbone calcium granule has the effects of supplementing calcium and phosphorus, rooting, strengthening tree, protecting flower and fruit, preserving fresh and resisting storage; calcium and phosphorus are needed for plant rooting, young shoot growth and flower bud differentiation, so that the finished fishbone calcium granule not only prevents various physiological diseases such as varicella, split fruits, navel rot, tortoise plastron, tiger skin diseases in storage period and the like, but also delays the color fade. The calcium and phosphorus simultaneous supplement can promote weak tree rejuvenation, enhance cold resistance, reduce and alleviate branch diseases such as thick bark, ring, rot and the like of fruit trees.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Preparation example of carrageenan coated chitosan particles
Preparation example 1: the carrageenan coated chitosan particles are prepared by the following method:
weighing 1kg of chitosan particles, placing the chitosan particles in 10kg of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, soaking, stirring and dispersing for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min, wherein the average particle size of the chitosan particles is 100 mu m, and preparing the material-carrying chitosan particles;
1kg of carrageenan, 0.08kg of perilla meal, 0.3kg of rhamnolipid and 110kg of 80 ℃ water are weighed, mixed and stirred uniformly to prepare carrageenan liquid;
uniformly spraying 1kg of carrageenan liquid onto the surfaces of 2kg of material-carrying chitosan particles, and forming a film layer by drying the carrageenan liquid to obtain a finished product; the finished product is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
Preparation example 2: the present preparation example differs from preparation example 1 in that:
weighing 1kg of chitosan particles, placing the chitosan particles in 10kg of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, soaking, stirring and dispersing for 20min at the rotating speed of 350r/min to prepare material-carrying chitosan particles;
weighing 1kg of carrageenan, 0.05kg of perilla meal, 0.2kg of rhamnolipid and 100kg of water at 80 ℃ and uniformly mixing and stirring to prepare carrageenan liquid;
uniformly spraying 1kg of carrageenan liquid onto the surfaces of 1kg of chitosan particles, and forming a film layer by drying the carrageenan liquid to obtain a finished product.
Preparation example 3: the present preparation example differs from preparation example 1 in that:
weighing 1kg of chitosan particles, placing the chitosan particles in 10kg of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, soaking, stirring and dispersing for 30min at the rotating speed of 350r/min to prepare material-carrying chitosan particles;
weighing 1kg of carrageenan, 0.1kg of perilla meal, 0.35kg of rhamnolipid and 120kg of water at 80 ℃ and uniformly mixing and stirring to prepare carrageenan liquid;
uniformly spraying 1kg of carrageenan liquid onto the surfaces of 3kg of chitosan particles, and forming a film layer by drying the carrageenan liquid to obtain a finished product.
Preparation example of coated enzyme powder
Preparation example 4: the coated enzyme powder is prepared by the following method:
adding 1kg of polyethylene glycol powder into 9kg of water, stirring until the polyethylene glycol powder is completely dissolved, wherein the polyethylene glycol powder is polyethylene glycol 10000, and preparing polyethylene glycol solution; weighing 10kg of polyethylene glycol solution, mixing and stirring uniformly with 0.16kg of cubic boron nitride, wherein the average particle size of the cubic boron nitride is 25 mu m, and granulating to obtain polyethylene glycol particles with the average particle size of 100 mu m;
uniformly spraying 1kg of water on the surface of 10kg of polyethylene glycol particles, immediately adding 3kg of enzyme powder, wherein the enzyme powder consists of flavourzyme powder and composite protease powder with the mass ratio of 1:1, uniformly mixing and stirring, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve after air drying and dispersing; and then uniformly spraying polyethylene glycol solution, wherein the polyethylene glycol solution is prepared by stirring and dissolving polyethylene glycol 10000 in water, the mass fraction of the polyethylene glycol solution is 5%, air-drying and drying, forming a film by the polyethylene glycol solution, and dispersing to prepare coated enzyme powder, and sieving the coated enzyme powder with a 40-mesh sieve.
Preparation example 5: the present preparation example differs from preparation example 4 in that:
adding 1kg of polyethylene glycol powder into 9kg of water, stirring until the polyethylene glycol powder is completely dissolved, wherein the polyethylene glycol powder is polyethylene glycol 8000, and preparing polyethylene glycol solution; weighing 10kg of polyethylene glycol solution, mixing with 0.1kg of cubic boron nitride, stirring uniformly, and granulating to obtain polyethylene glycol particles with average particle diameter of 20 μm.
Preparation example 6: the present preparation example differs from preparation example 4 in that:
adding 1kg of polyethylene glycol powder into 9kg of water, stirring until the polyethylene glycol powder is completely dissolved, wherein the polyethylene glycol powder is polyethylene glycol 20000, and preparing polyethylene glycol solution; weighing 10kg of polyethylene glycol solution, mixing with 0.2kg of cubic boron nitride, stirring uniformly, wherein the average particle size of the cubic boron nitride is 30 mu m, granulating, and obtaining polyethylene glycol particles with the average particle size of 120 mu m.
Examples
The following raw materials were purchased as flavours protease from Shandong Fuhe Biotech Co., ltd; the compound protease is purchased from Jiangsu Ruido bioengineering Co., ltd; other raw materials and equipment are all commonly and commercially available.
Example 1: a preparation method of fishbone calcium granule suitable for plants comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and putting the fishbone materials into a meat grinder for grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the meat grinder is 350r/min and the efficiency is 230kg/h in the grinding process, so that the fish paste is prepared; putting the fish paste into a high-speed shearing machine for shearing treatment, wherein the shearing speed is 1200r/min, and the shearing treatment time is 4.5h, so as to prepare fish paste;
s2, adding 6kg of enzyme into 1000kg of fish paste for enzymolysis, wherein the enzyme consists of flavourzyme and compound protease with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃ and the enzymolysis time is 5 hours, so as to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; filtering the enzymolysis liquid, taking filtrate, adding an additive which is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product.
Example 2: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and putting the fishbone materials into a meat grinder for grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the meat grinder is 300r/min and the efficiency is 220kg/h in the grinding process, so that the fish paste is prepared; putting the fish paste into a high-speed shearing machine for shearing treatment, wherein the shearing speed is 1000r/min, and the shearing treatment time is 6h, so as to prepare fish paste;
s2, adding 6kg of enzyme into 1000kg of fish paste for enzymolysis, wherein the enzyme consists of flavourzyme and compound protease with the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃ and the enzymolysis time is 6 hours, so as to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; filtering the enzymolysis liquid, taking filtrate, adding an additive which is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product.
Example 3: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and putting the fishbone materials into a meat grinder for grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the meat grinder is 400r/min and the efficiency is 240kg/h in the grinding process, so that the fish paste is prepared; putting the fish paste into a high-speed shearing machine for shearing treatment, wherein the shearing speed is 1200r/min, and the shearing treatment time is 3h, so as to prepare fish paste;
s2, adding 6kg of enzyme into 1000kg of fish paste for enzymolysis, wherein the enzyme consists of flavourzyme and compound protease with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the enzymolysis temperature is 48 ℃ and the enzymolysis time is 4 hours, so as to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; filtering the enzymolysis liquid, taking filtrate, adding an additive which is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product.
Example 4: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and putting the fishbone materials into a meat grinder for grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the meat grinder is 350r/min and the efficiency is 230kg/h in the grinding process, so that the fish paste is prepared; placing the fish paste in a high-speed shearing machine for shearing treatment, wherein the shearing speed is 1200r/min, and the shearing treatment time is 4.5h, so as to obtain slurry; then adding 1kg of calcium caseinate and 5kg of carrageenan coated chitosan particles prepared in preparation example 1 into 100kg of slurry, and stirring for 10min at a rotation speed of 500r/min to prepare fish slurry;
s2, adding 6kg of enzyme into 1000kg of fish paste for enzymolysis, wherein the enzyme is coated enzyme powder prepared in preparation example 4, the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 5 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, the enzymolysis liquid passes through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain primary filtrate, the filtered solid is ground to pass through a 1000-mesh sieve, 10kg of water is added into each kg of solid for continuous mixing, stirring and mixing are uniform at the rotating speed of 500r/min, centrifugal separation is carried out, the filtrate is a secondary filtrate, and the secondary filtrate and the primary filtrate are uniformly mixed; then adding an additive, wherein the additive is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, uniformly mixing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product.
Example 5: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
s1, selecting carrageenan coated chitosan particles prepared in preparation example 2;
s2, the enzyme is the coated enzyme powder prepared in preparation example 5.
Example 6: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
s1, selecting carrageenan coated chitosan particles prepared in preparation example 3;
s2, the enzyme is the coated enzyme powder prepared in preparation example 6.
Example 7: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
the chitosan particles with the same quality are used for replacing the carrageenan coated chitosan particles in the raw materials.
Example 8: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
the raw materials are replaced by xanthan gum with the same quality.
Example 9: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil is not added in the preparation process of the carrageenan coated chitosan particles.
Example 10: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
no rhamnolipid and perilla meal are added in the preparation process of the carrageenan coated chitosan particles.
Example 11: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
polyethylene glycol particles are not added in the preparation process of the coated enzyme powder, and the enzyme powder is directly coated by a polyethylene glycol film.
Example 12: this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
in the preparation process of the coated enzyme powder, the enzyme powder is coated by sodium alginate films with the same quality, namely the sodium alginate films replace polyethylene glycol films.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: this comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that:
in S1, the grinding time was 4.5 hours, and no shearing treatment was performed.
Performance test
1. Ammonia state nitrogen concentration detection
Finished fishbone calcium granules were prepared by the preparation methods of examples 1-12 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the concentration of amino nitrogen was measured with reference to GB 5009.235-2016 and data were recorded.
2. Calcium content detection
The finished product fishbone calcium granules were prepared by the preparation methods of examples 1-12 and comparative example 1, respectively, the calcium content in the fishbone and the calcium content in the fishbone calcium granules were detected by EDTA method, and the extraction rate of calcium was recorded.
3. Plant growth detection
The preparation methods of examples 1-12 and comparative example 1 are adopted to prepare finished fishbone calcium granules respectively, then the finished fishbone calcium granules are sprayed on the soil of eggplant seedlings, the heights of the eggplant seedlings after 15d are measured, growth height data are recorded, and the eggplant seedling heights after 15d are calculated as eggplant seedling heights; the height difference of all eggplant seedlings is less than 2cm, and all conditions are the same except that the fishbone calcium granules are different.
Table 1 performance test table
As can be seen by combining examples 1-3 and Table 1, the fishbone calcium granules prepared in the application contain higher amounts of amino nitrogen, which means that they contain higher amounts of small peptides, calcium and amino acids and are capable of promoting plant growth.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1 and 4-6 and the combination of table 1 that the calcium caseinate and carrageenan coated chitosan particles cooperate to further increase the content of small molecular peptides, calcium and amino acids in the fishbone calcium granules, and also transport soil to promote plant growth.
As can be seen from the combination of example 4 and examples 7-12 and the combination of table 1, in the raw material of example 7, chitosan particles with the same quality are used for replacing carrageenan coated chitosan particles, and compared with example 4, the granule prepared in example 7 has a concentration of ammonia nitrogen less than that of example 4 and a growth height less than that of example 4; the carrageenan is used as collagen, so that the content of small molecular peptides and amino acids in the fishbone calcium granules can be improved, and the chitosan particles are exposed along with the enzymolysis process so as to be convenient for adsorbing the small molecular peptides, and if the chitosan particles are independently added, the pores of the chitosan particles are easy to adsorb moisture or other substances, so that the loading of the chitosan particles on the small molecular peptides and amino acids is influenced, and the content of the small molecular peptides and calcium in the fishbone calcium granules is easy to influence.
In the example 8, the carrageenan is replaced by xanthan gum with the same quality, compared with the example 4, the granule prepared in the example 8 has the ammonia nitrogen concentration smaller than the example 4 and the growth height smaller than the example 4; the method shows that the xanthan gum is dissolved in cold water, so that the viscosity of the whole fish paste is easily influenced, and the enzyme system is influenced to be contacted with collagen in the fish paste, so that the hydrolysis efficiency of the collagen is influenced, the contents of small molecular peptides, calcium and amino acids in the finished fish bone calcium preparation are reduced, and the growth of plants is influenced.
In the preparation process of the carrageenan coated chitosan particles, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil is not added, and compared with the example 4, the granule prepared in the example 9 has the ammonia nitrogen concentration smaller than the example 4 and the growth height smaller than the example 4; the method has the advantages that the chitosan particles can be promoted to be uniformly contacted with protein bound at fat positions in fish bones and fish meat by utilizing the good lipid permeation effect of the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and the protein at the fat positions is not easy to contact an enzyme system and is hydrolyzed because the fat is insoluble in water, so that the lipophilic effect of the PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil and the rhamnolipid is utilized to further promote the dispersion of lipid substances and simultaneously improve the content of small molecular peptides and amino acids in the fish bone calcium granules.
Compared with example 4, the concentration of amino nitrogen in the granule prepared in example 10 is less than that in example 4, and the growth height is less than that in example 4; the method has the advantages that the effects that one end of rhamnolipid is hydrophilic and the other end of rhamnolipid is lipophilic are utilized, so that the lipophilic end on the surface of the carrier chitosan particle is convenient to contact with fatty substances in fish bones and fish meat, the adsorption effect of perilla meal on lipid substances in hydrolyzed fish bones is matched, the contact of micromolecular peptides and amino acids subjected to protein hydrolysis with the lipid substances remained in the fish bones and fish meat is further promoted, the extraction rate of the micromolecular peptides and amino acids is influenced, the uniform contact of enzyme systems and collagen in the fish bones is promoted, and the micromolecular protein content in fish bone calcium granules is further improved.
In the preparation process of the coated enzyme powder in the embodiment 11, polyethylene glycol particles are not added, and the enzyme powder is directly coated by a polyethylene glycol film, so that compared with the granule prepared in the embodiment 4, the concentration of amino nitrogen in the granule prepared in the embodiment 11 is smaller than that in the embodiment 4, and the growth height is smaller than that in the embodiment 4; the polyethylene glycol particles have larger specific surface area and are convenient to sink into and disperse in fish paste, so that the contact area and the contact rate of the fish paste and collagen are improved, the collagen hydrolysis amount is increased, and the fishbone calcium granules have higher contents of small molecular peptides, calcium and amino acids, and promote the growth of plants.
In the preparation process of the coated enzyme powder in example 12, the enzyme powder is coated by a sodium alginate film with the same quality, namely the sodium alginate film is used for replacing a polyethylene glycol film, compared with example 4, the granule prepared in example 12 has the ammonia nitrogen concentration smaller than that in example 4 and the growth height smaller than that in example 4; the sodium alginate has higher viscosity after being dissolved in water, and is easy to influence the viscosity of fish paste, so that the contact rate of collagen and enzyme powder in the fish paste is influenced, thereby influencing the contents of small molecular peptide, calcium and amino acid in the fishbone calcium granule and influencing the growth of plants.
As can be seen from the combination of example 1 and comparative example 1 and the combination of table 1, in comparative example 1S1, the pulverization time was 4.5 hours, and the granule prepared in comparative example 1 had a lower concentration of amino nitrogen than in example 1 and a lower growth height than in example 1, without shearing treatment; the shearing treatment can promote the uniform contact of collagen and enzyme powder, so that the contents of small molecular peptides, calcium and amino acids in the fishbone calcium granules are improved, and the plant growth is promoted.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the fishbone calcium granule suitable for plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing fishbone materials, and crushing to obtain fish paste; shearing the fish paste to obtain fish paste;
s2, adding enzyme into fish paste for enzymolysis, filtering, taking filtrate, adding an additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain a finished product.
2. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules suitable for plants according to claim 1, wherein: the speed in the crushing process is 300-400r/min, and the efficiency is 220-240kg/h.
3. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules of claim 1, wherein the shear rate is 1000-1200r/min for 3-6h.
4. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules of claim 1, wherein the enzyme consists of flavourzyme and compound protease with a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-48 ℃ and the time is 4-6h.
5. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules of claim 1, wherein calcium caseinate and carrageenan coated chitosan particles are added after shearing.
6. The preparation process of the fishbone calcium granule for plants according to claim 5, wherein the carrageenan-coated chitosan granule is prepared by the following method:
weighing chitosan particles, and soaking and dispersing the chitosan particles in PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil for 20-30min to prepare material-carrying chitosan particles;
uniformly mixing carrageenan, perilla meal, rhamnolipid and water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.1:0.2-0.35:100-120 to prepare carrageenan liquid;
uniformly spraying carrageenan liquid on the surfaces of the chitosan particles of the carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:1-3, and forming a film layer by drying the carrageenan liquid to obtain a finished product.
7. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzyme is coated enzyme powder; the coated enzyme powder is prepared by loading enzyme powder on polyethylene glycol particles and then adhering a polyethylene glycol film.
8. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules of claim 7, wherein the polyethylene glycol particles consist of polyethylene glycol 8000-20000 and cubic silicon nitride in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.2.
9. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules of claim 8, wherein the polyethylene glycol particles have a size of 100-120 μm and cubic silicon nitride particles have a size of 20-30 μm.
10. The process for preparing fishbone calcium granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtering comprises the following steps:
obtaining enzymolysis liquid after enzymolysis; sieving the enzymolysis liquid to obtain primary filtrate;
the solid is ground to completely destroy the structure of chitosan particles, then water is added to be mixed and stirred uniformly, secondary filtrate is filtered and taken, and the secondary filtrate and primary filtrate are mixed uniformly.
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| CN101731666A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-06-16 | 鞍山嘉鲜农业发展有限公司 | Fishbone bioactive polypeptide calcium powder and preparation method |
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| CN103284157A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江老州山海洋生物科技有限公司 | A preparation method for fish bone calcium soluble granules |
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| CN110981603A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司 | Coated slow-release fertilizer for wheat and preparation method and application thereof |
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2024
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101731666A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-06-16 | 鞍山嘉鲜农业发展有限公司 | Fishbone bioactive polypeptide calcium powder and preparation method |
| CN102406176A (en) * | 2011-10-08 | 2012-04-11 | 山东荣信水产食品集团股份有限公司 | Small molecule polypeptide Ca-chelate of fishbone and preparation method |
| CN103284157A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江老州山海洋生物科技有限公司 | A preparation method for fish bone calcium soluble granules |
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