CN117745103A - Marine wind farm marine ecological environment influence evaluation method based on index system method - Google Patents
Marine wind farm marine ecological environment influence evaluation method based on index system method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind farms and provides an offshore wind farm marine ecological environment influence evaluation method based on an index system method. The method is used for quantitatively evaluating the influence degree of the marine ecological environment of the offshore wind farm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind farms, in particular to an index system method-based method for evaluating the influence of marine ecological environment of an offshore wind farm.
Background
Offshore wind power generation is a clean energy development and utilization technology, and the offshore wind power has become an important way for realizing a carbon peak goal and green low-carbon transformation of an energy structure due to the unique advantages of abundant available wind energy resources, large-scale development and the like. The offshore wind power can realize clean energy utilization and simultaneously face a series of environmental problems, wherein the offshore wind power development has a great deal of attention on the marine ecological environment. The evaluation of the marine ecological environment by the existing offshore wind power development is mainly based on qualitative analysis, and quantitative evaluation is only carried out on the aspects of suspended matter diffusion caused by construction period and operation period and marine biological loss caused by wind turbine foundation compaction, but a quantitative method for judging the degree of influence of the marine ecological environment caused by the offshore wind power development is lacking, so that a clear conclusion cannot be given when the degree of influence of the marine ecological environment caused by the offshore wind power plant is evaluated, and government decision and ecological environment protection work of the offshore wind power plant development are restricted to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm based on the index system method, which can comprehensively evaluate the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm more comprehensively, accurately and quantitatively.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an index system method-based marine ecological environment influence evaluation method for a marine wind farm, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system of the offshore wind farm, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise primary indexes and secondary indexes, the primary indexes comprise pressure indexes, state indexes and response indexes, the secondary indexes are corresponding quantifiable indexes in the category of the primary indexes, and a quantification method of each secondary index is determined;
collecting engineering feasibility research and preliminary design data of the offshore wind farm and marine ecological environment investigation and influence prediction mathematical model research data, and calculating specific numerical values of the secondary indexes according to a quantization method of the secondary indexes;
grading the influence degree of each secondary index, and determining the upper limit and the lower limit of the secondary index value of each grade;
according to the positive-negative correlation between each secondary index and the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, dividing the secondary indexes into positive indexes and negative indexes, and carrying out standardization processing to obtain standardized values of each secondary index;
calculating the weights of the primary index and the secondary index by using an analytic hierarchy process;
calculating according to the standardized value of each secondary index and the weight of each secondary index to obtain the standardized value of each primary index;
calculating according to the standardized value of each level of index and the weight of each level of index to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm;
classifying the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence, and evaluating the influence degree of the offshore wind farm on the marine ecological environment according to the classified comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence.
Further, the secondary index includes: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plurality of sites, occupying areas of sea areas, diffusion influence areas of suspended matters, benthonic animal biomass, swimming animal resource density, organism quality, biodiversity index, ecological system service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion.
Furthermore, the quantification method of the site selection is the offshore distance of the site of the offshore wind farm, and the position relationship of the offshore wind farm, the protection area, the cultivation area and the channel; the quantization method of the sea area occupied area is calculated by the sea area occupied by the unit installed capacity of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the suspended matter diffusion influence area is that the maximum envelope curve area of the suspended matter concentration increment of 10mg/L predicted by a water quality model is calculated; the quantification method of the benthonic animal biomass is that benthonic animal biomass is obtained by marine ecological investigation of an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas; the quantification method of the resource density of the swimming animals is a resource densimeter of the swimming animals, which is obtained by investigation of the resource of the marine wind power plant and the fishery in the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biomass is to obtain the average content of heavy metals and petroleum in marine shellfish, fish and crustaceans by marine wind power plant and marine ecological survey of the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biodiversity index is characterized in that species diversity index averages of phytoplankton, benthic and intertidal organisms obtained by investigation and analysis of marine ecology in an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas are adopted; the quantification method of the service value of the ecological system is an ecological system service function value meter of the sea area in the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the marine environment-friendly investment is calculated by the percentage of the marine environment-friendly investment in the total investment of the wind farm engineering; the quantitative method of the fishery proliferation discharge quantity is that the fishery proliferation discharge quantity meter is used for taking the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the area proportion of the natural protection area is based on the percentage of the area of the natural protection area of the sea in the administrative limit of the offshore wind power plant to the total area of the sea.
Further, the biological mass is the average value of heavy metal and petroleum contents in the organism, and specifically:
wherein P is a biomass integrated value, and Zn, cu, as, cr, cd, pb, hg, TPH is zinc, copper, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury content and petroleum hydrocarbon content in the biomass respectively.
Further, the value of the biological diversity index is the average value of species diversity indexes of plankton, benthic and intertidal organisms in the offshore wind farm and the surrounding sea area, and the species diversity index is selected from Shannon Wena species diversity indexes, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where H' is the species diversity index value, S is the total number of species in the sample, P i is the ratio of individual abundance to total abundance of the ith species.
Furthermore, the ecological system service value takes the ecological system service function value of the offshore wind power plant in the sea area as a quantitative index, and the ecological system service function value comprises the values of food, raw material production, energy supply, climate adjustment, waste treatment, interference adjustment, recreation and entertainment and cultural use, and the corresponding index value is obtained through a literature reference mode.
Further, the degree of influence represented by the secondary index is classified into four classes, wherein the primary class is a severe influence, the secondary class is a moderate influence, the tertiary class is a mild influence, and the fourth class is a weak influence.
Further, the positive indexes comprise sea area occupation area, suspended matter diffusion area and organism quality, and the negative indexes comprise site selection, benthonic biomass, fish resource density, biodiversity index, ecosystem service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion;
the standardized processing method of each secondary index is as follows:
as for the forward direction index,
for a negative-going index of the way,
wherein p is ij Is the standardized value of each secondary index, x u And x v Respectively two-level index value x ij Upper and lower limits of the corresponding classification interval c u And c v Respectively x ij The upper and lower limits of the normalized score interval of the corresponding level.
Further, the method for calculating the weight of each primary index and each secondary index comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an hierarchical structure of an evaluation index system of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, wherein a target layer is the marine ecological environment influence evaluation system of the offshore wind farm, and a criterion layer is a pressure index, a state index and a response index;
step 2: comparing indexes of the same level with each other in pairs according to the importance of a certain criterion in the previous level, and constructing a judging matrix of the pairwise comparison; index a in matrix ij Reflecting index A for the previous level i Relative to A j Is of importance of (a);
step 3: calculating the relative weight of the compared index to the criterion by the judgment matrix, and carrying out consistency check of the judgment matrix;
step 4: and calculating the sorting weight of each level to the index system.
Further, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein E represents a comprehensive evaluation index, E j Index, omega of each level of index evaluation of representing criterion layer j Weight, omega of jth level index of representing criterion layer relative to target layer ij Weight, p, representing the ith secondary index in the jth primary index of the criterion layer ij And the standard value of the ith secondary index in the jth primary index of the criterion layer is represented.
As described above, the method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm based on the index system method has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, an index system-based marine ecological environment influence evaluation method of the marine wind power plant constructs a marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system of the marine wind power plant, wherein the marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system comprises a target layer-standard layer-index layer three-layer hierarchical structure; based on the PSR theory method, corresponding indexes are respectively determined from three aspects of pressure, state and response. The marine ecological environment influence evaluation method of the offshore wind farm comprises the steps of determining marine ecological environment influence evaluation indexes of the offshore wind farm, determining and calculating an index quantification method, normalizing data, calculating weights of all indexes, calculating a marine ecological environment influence comprehensive evaluation index of the offshore wind farm, grading the marine ecological environment influence comprehensive evaluation index and the like, and is used for quantitatively evaluating the marine ecological environment influence degree of the offshore wind farm. Therefore, the method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm based on the index system method can comprehensively evaluate the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm more comprehensively, accurately and quantitatively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a framework of the marine environmental impact evaluation index system of the offshore wind farm.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for the purpose of understanding and reading the disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, but rather by the claims, unless otherwise indicated, and unless otherwise indicated, all changes in structure, proportions, or otherwise, used by those skilled in the art, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in order to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the offshore wind farm on the marine ecological environment, the invention provides an index system method-based marine ecological environment influence evaluation method of the offshore wind farm, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system of the offshore wind farm, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise primary indexes and secondary indexes, the primary indexes comprise pressure indexes, state indexes and response indexes, the secondary indexes are corresponding quantifiable indexes in the category of the primary indexes, and a quantification method of each secondary index is determined;
collecting engineering feasibility research and preliminary design data of the offshore wind farm and marine ecological environment investigation and influence prediction mathematical model research data, and calculating specific numerical values of the secondary indexes according to a quantization method of the secondary indexes;
grading the influence degree of each secondary index, and determining the upper limit and the lower limit of the secondary index value of each grade;
according to the positive-negative correlation between each secondary index and the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, dividing the secondary indexes into positive indexes and negative indexes, and carrying out standardization processing to obtain standardized values of each secondary index;
calculating the weights of the primary index and the secondary index by using an analytic hierarchy process;
calculating according to the standardized value of each secondary index and the weight of each secondary index to obtain the standardized value of each primary index;
calculating according to the standardized value of each level of index and the weight of each level of index to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm;
classifying the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence, and evaluating the influence degree of the offshore wind farm on the marine ecological environment according to the classified comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence.
According to the method, an index system-based marine ecological environment influence evaluation method of the marine wind power plant constructs a marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system of the marine wind power plant, wherein the marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system comprises a target layer-standard layer-index layer three-layer hierarchical structure; based on a PSR (Pressure-State-Response) theory method, corresponding indexes are respectively determined from three aspects of Pressure, state and Response. The marine ecological environment influence evaluation method of the offshore wind farm comprises the steps of determining marine ecological environment influence evaluation indexes of the offshore wind farm, determining and calculating an index quantification method, normalizing data, calculating weights of all indexes, calculating a marine ecological environment influence comprehensive evaluation index of the offshore wind farm, grading the marine ecological environment influence comprehensive evaluation index and the like, and is used for quantitatively evaluating the marine ecological environment influence degree of the offshore wind farm.
Therefore, the method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm based on the index system method can comprehensively evaluate the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm more comprehensively, accurately and quantitatively.
Further, the secondary index includes: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plurality of sites, occupying areas of sea areas, diffusion influence areas of suspended matters, benthonic animal biomass, swimming animal resource density, organism quality, biodiversity index, ecological system service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion.
Furthermore, the quantification method of the site selection is the offshore distance of the site of the offshore wind farm, and the position relationship of the offshore wind farm, the protection area, the cultivation area and the channel; the quantization method of the sea area occupied area is calculated by the sea area occupied by the unit installed capacity of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the suspended matter diffusion influence area is that the maximum envelope curve area of the suspended matter concentration increment of 10mg/L predicted by a water quality model is calculated; the quantification method of the benthonic animal biomass is that benthonic animal biomass is obtained by marine ecological investigation of an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas; the quantification method of the resource density of the swimming animals is a resource densimeter of the swimming animals, which is obtained by investigation of the resource of the marine wind power plant and the fishery in the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biomass is to obtain the average content of heavy metals and petroleum in marine shellfish, fish and crustaceans by marine wind power plant and marine ecological survey of the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biodiversity index is characterized in that species diversity index averages of phytoplankton, benthic and intertidal organisms obtained by investigation and analysis of marine ecology in an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas are adopted; the quantification method of the service value of the ecological system is an ecological system service function value meter of the sea area in the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the marine environment-friendly investment is calculated by the percentage of the marine environment-friendly investment in the total investment of the wind farm engineering; the quantitative method of the fishery proliferation discharge quantity is that the fishery proliferation discharge quantity meter is used for taking the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the area proportion of the natural protection area is based on the percentage of the area of the natural protection area of the sea in the administrative limit of the offshore wind power plant to the total area of the sea. The quantization method of the secondary index is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Further, the biological mass is the average value of heavy metal and petroleum contents in the organism, and specifically:
wherein P is a biomass integrated value, and Zn, cu, as, cr, cd, pb, hg, TPH is zinc, copper, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury content and petroleum hydrocarbon content in the biomass respectively.
Further, the biological diversity index is an average value of species diversity indexes of marine wind power plants and plankton, benthic and intertidal organisms in the surrounding sea area, and the species diversity index is selected from Shannon-Wi (Shannon-Wi ener) species diversity indexes, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where H' is the species diversity index value, S is the total number of species in the sample, P i is the ratio of individual abundance of the ith species (N i) to total abundance (N) (N i/N).
Furthermore, the ecological system service value takes the ecological system service function value of the offshore wind power plant in the sea area as a quantitative index, and the ecological system service function value comprises the values of food, raw material production, energy supply, climate adjustment, waste treatment, interference adjustment, recreation and entertainment and cultural use, and the corresponding index value is obtained through a literature reference mode. For example, the index value is 45.95 ten thousand yuan/year km by a document reference method 2 。
Further, the degree of influence represented by the secondary index is classified into four classes, wherein the primary class is a severe influence, the secondary class is a moderate influence, the tertiary class is a mild influence, and the fourth class is a weak influence. The upper and lower limits of the respective secondary index influence level thresholds are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Further, the positive indexes comprise sea area occupation area, suspended matter diffusion area and organism quality, and the negative indexes comprise site selection, benthonic biomass, fish resource density, biodiversity index, ecosystem service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion;
the standardized processing method of each secondary index is as follows:
as for the forward direction index,
for a negative-going index of the way,
wherein p is ij Is the standardized value of each secondary index, x u And x v Respectively two-level index value x ij Upper and lower limits of the corresponding classification interval c u And c v Respectively x ij The upper and lower limits of the normalized score interval of the corresponding level.
Further, the method for calculating the weight of each primary index and each secondary index comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an hierarchical structure of an evaluation index system of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, wherein a target layer is the marine ecological environment influence evaluation system of the offshore wind farm, and a criterion layer is a pressure index, a state index and a response index; the pressure index in the index layer comprises site selection, sea area occupation area and suspended matter diffusion influence area, the state index comprises benthonic animal biomass, swimming animal resource density, organism quality, biodiversity index and ecosystem service value, and the response index comprises marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion;
step 2: comparing the importance of each index in the same layer with a certain criterion in the previous layer, and constructing two pairsA judgment matrix for the two comparisons; index a in matrix ij Reflecting index A for the previous level i Relative to A j Is of importance of (a); see in particular table 3:
TABLE 3 pair-wise comparison judgment matrix
Step 3: calculating the relative weight of the compared index to the criterion by the judgment matrix, and carrying out consistency check of the judgment matrix;
calculating weights:
a. normalize each column vector of a to:
b. for a pair ofAnd summing according to rows to obtain: />
c. Will beNormalization->I.e. as the approximate feature root (weight vector)
d. Calculation ofAs an approximation of the largest feature root;
consistency test:
CR＝C I/R I；
CR is the random consistency ratio of the judgment matrix, CI is the general consistency index of the judgment matrix, and is given by the following formula:
C I＝(λ max -n)/(n-1)；
r I is an average random consistency index of the judgment matrix; when judging CR of matrix P<0.1Time or lambda max When n and C I =0, the consistency of P is considered to be satisfactory, otherwise, the index in P is adjusted to be satisfactory; see in particular table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
Step 4: and calculating the sorting weight of each level to the index system.
Further, according to the calculated weight value and the standardized value of each secondary index, calculating the standardized value of each primary index of the criterion layer, and according to the calculated weight value and the standardized value of each primary index of the criterion layer, calculating the comprehensive evaluation index of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, wherein the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein E represents a comprehensive evaluation index, E j Index, omega of each level of index evaluation of representing criterion layer j Weight, omega of jth level index of representing criterion layer relative to target layer ij Weight, p, representing the ith secondary index in the jth primary index of the criterion layer ij And the standard value of the ith secondary index in the jth primary index of the criterion layer is represented.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation index of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm is divided into four stages, wherein the first stage is a severe influence, the second stage is a moderate influence, the third stage is a mild influence, and the fourth stage is a weak influence, and the comprehensive evaluation index is specifically shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
In conclusion, the method can comprehensively evaluate the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm more comprehensively, accurately and quantitatively. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm based on the index system method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a marine ecological environment influence evaluation index system of the offshore wind farm, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise primary indexes and secondary indexes, the primary indexes comprise pressure indexes, state indexes and response indexes, the secondary indexes are corresponding quantifiable indexes in the category of the primary indexes, and a quantification method of each secondary index is determined;
collecting engineering feasibility research and preliminary design data of the offshore wind farm and marine ecological environment investigation and influence prediction mathematical model research data, and calculating specific numerical values of the secondary indexes according to a quantization method of the secondary indexes;
grading the influence degree of each secondary index, and determining the upper limit and the lower limit of the secondary index value of each grade;
according to the positive-negative correlation between each secondary index and the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, dividing the secondary indexes into positive indexes and negative indexes, and carrying out standardization processing to obtain standardized values of each secondary index;
calculating the weights of the primary index and the secondary index by using an analytic hierarchy process;
calculating according to the standardized value of each secondary index and the weight of each secondary index to obtain the standardized value of each primary index;
calculating according to the standardized value of each level of index and the weight of each level of index to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm;
classifying the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence, and evaluating the influence degree of the offshore wind farm on the marine ecological environment according to the classified comprehensive evaluation indexes of the marine ecological environment influence.
2. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the secondary index includes: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plurality of sites, occupying areas of sea areas, diffusion influence areas of suspended matters, benthonic animal biomass, swimming animal resource density, organism quality, biodiversity index, ecological system service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion.
3. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the quantification method of the site selection is the offshore distance of the site of the offshore wind farm, and the position relation of the offshore wind farm, the protection area, the cultivation area and the channel; the quantization method of the sea area occupied area is calculated by the sea area occupied by the unit installed capacity of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the suspended matter diffusion influence area is that the maximum envelope curve area of the suspended matter concentration increment of 10mg/L predicted by a water quality model is calculated; the quantification method of the benthonic animal biomass is that benthonic animal biomass is obtained by marine ecological investigation of an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas; the quantification method of the resource density of the swimming animals is a resource densimeter of the swimming animals, which is obtained by investigation of the resource of the marine wind power plant and the fishery in the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biomass is to obtain the average content of heavy metals and petroleum in marine shellfish, fish and crustaceans by marine wind power plant and marine ecological survey of the surrounding sea area; the quantification method of the biodiversity index is characterized in that species diversity index averages of phytoplankton, benthic and intertidal organisms obtained by investigation and analysis of marine ecology in an offshore wind farm and surrounding sea areas are adopted; the quantification method of the service value of the ecological system is an ecological system service function value meter of the sea area in the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the marine environment-friendly investment is calculated by the percentage of the marine environment-friendly investment in the total investment of the wind farm engineering; the quantitative method of the fishery proliferation discharge quantity is that the fishery proliferation discharge quantity meter is used for taking the unit occupied area of the offshore wind farm; the quantification method of the area proportion of the natural protection area is based on the percentage of the area of the natural protection area of the sea in the administrative limit of the offshore wind power plant to the total area of the sea.
4. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biological mass value is an average value of heavy metal and petroleum contents in the organism, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein P is a biomass integrated value, and Zn, cu, as, cr, cd, pb, hg, TPH is zinc, copper, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury content and petroleum hydrocarbon content in the biomass respectively.
5. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biological diversity index takes the value of the average value of species diversity indexes of marine wind power plants and plankton, benthic and intertidal organisms in the surrounding sea area, and fish, the species diversity index selects the shannon species diversity index, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein H' is the species diversity index value, S is the total species number in the sample, and Pi is the ratio of the individual abundance of the ith species to the total abundance.
6. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ecological system service value takes the ecological system service function value of the offshore wind power plant in the sea area as a quantitative index, wherein the ecological system service function value comprises values of food, raw material production, energy supply, climate regulation, waste treatment, interference regulation, leisure entertainment and cultural use, and the corresponding index value is obtained through a literature reference mode.
7. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the influence degree represented by the secondary index is divided into four stages, wherein one stage is a severe influence, the second stage is a moderate influence, the third stage is a mild influence, and the fourth stage is a weak influence.
8. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the positive indexes comprise sea area occupation area, suspended matter diffusion area and organism quality, and the negative indexes comprise site selection, benthonic biomass, fish resource density, biodiversity index, ecological system service value, marine environment-friendly investment, fishery proliferation discharge amount and natural protection area proportion;
the standardized processing method of each secondary index is as follows:
as for the forward direction index,
for a negative-going index of the way,
wherein p is ij Is the standardized value of each secondary index, x u And x v Respectively two-level index value x ij Upper and lower limits of the corresponding classification interval c u And c v Respectively x ij The upper and lower limits of the normalized score interval of the corresponding level.
9. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for calculating the weight of each primary index and each secondary index comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing an hierarchical structure of an evaluation index system of the marine ecological environment influence of the offshore wind farm, wherein a target layer is the marine ecological environment influence evaluation system of the offshore wind farm, and a criterion layer is a pressure index, a state index and a response index;
step 2: comparing indexes of the same level with each other in pairs according to the importance of a certain criterion in the previous level, and constructing a judging matrix of the pairwise comparison; index a in matrix ij Reflecting index A for the previous level i Relative to A j Is of importance of (a);
step 3: calculating the relative weight of the compared index to the criterion by the judgment matrix, and carrying out consistency check of the judgment matrix;
step 4: and calculating the sorting weight of each level to the index system.
10. The method for evaluating marine ecological environment influence of offshore wind farm based on the index system method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein E represents a comprehensive evaluation index, E j Index, omega of each level of index evaluation of representing criterion layer j Weight, omega of jth level index of representing criterion layer relative to target layer ij Weight, p, representing the ith secondary index in the jth primary index of the criterion layer ij The jth level index of the presentation criterion layerAnd i, standardized value of secondary indexes.
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