CN117740663A - Method, system and device for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of concrete structure - Google Patents
Method, system and device for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
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- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P pentacalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 5
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method, a system and a device for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of a concrete structure, and relates to the technical field of concrete structure durability evaluation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparing a standard test piece and a sulfate corrosion product mixture; carrying out a sulfate erosion acceleration test on the standard test piece; constructing a spectrum system; scanning to obtain spectral data of a standard test piece and a sulfate corrosion product mixture; performing spectrum matching to determine the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the standard test piece; measuring the compressive strength of the concrete of the standard test piece; constructing a database; screening characteristic wavelengths; training an evaluation model for evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products; and collecting spectral data of the tested component, inputting the spectral data into the evaluation model, and outputting an evaluation result. The invention can not damage the integrity of the tested member or structure, has fast evaluation speed, high accuracy and strong expansibility, and can evaluate the sulfate erosion durability of the concrete structure by collecting the spectrum data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete structure durability evaluation, in particular to a method, a system and a device for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of a concrete structure.
Background
The environment category of the concrete structure comprises a sulfate environment, which generally refers to a coastal sulfate environment and a western saline soil sulfate environment, and the coastal sulfate environment can be divided into an underwater area, a tide area, a splash area and an atmosphere area according to specific application scenes. The sulfate environment has great influence on the durability of the concrete structure, the corrosion of the sulfate on the concrete is often from outside to inside, and salt crystals which are not easy to volatilize are generated after the sulfate and cement in the concrete are subjected to hydration reaction. The salt crystals adhere to the internal and external structures of the concrete, and continue to undergo chemical reactions, thereby producing expandable substances such as ettringite and gypsum. These expansive substances cause a series of destructive phenomena such as expansion, cracking, and spalling of concrete. When the concrete member outer layer is severely peeled off due to corrosion by sulfate, the inner reinforcing bars are exposed. The sulfate environment further causes the steel bars to rust, thereby reducing the durability of the concrete building and finally affecting the service life of the building.
The sulfate corrosion concrete structure needs to be subjected to safety identification, and the existing identification methods are approximately two: firstly, sampling from a suspected position affected by corrosion, and determining the sulfate ion content by using a barium sulfate weight method, an EDTA capacity method, an alizarin red method, a turbidimetry method, a colorimetry method and the like, namely determining the corrosion degree by analyzing the sulfate content; and secondly, drilling cores for the corroded concrete structure, testing physical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, permeability and dynamic elastic modulus of the sample, and evaluating the structural properties of the concrete and the influence of sulfate corrosion on the concrete through the tests.
Although these methods can identify the safety of concrete structures after they are eroded by sulfate, they are destructive to existing structures and have a high likelihood of affecting the integrity or strength of the existing structures; the operation steps are complex and time-consuming, and errors are easy to introduce; and each test can only obtain local sulfate corrosion conditions, and can not quickly and comprehensively master corrosion conditions of components and even the whole structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a system and a device for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of a concrete structure, which are used for solving at least one of the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of a concrete structure, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, preparing a plurality of groups of standard test pieces in a classified mode based on concrete evaluation conditions, and collecting physical indexes of the standard test pieces; meanwhile, preparing a sulfate corrosion product mixture according to a preset proportion according to a sulfate corrosion concrete product;
step S20, judging the concrete compressive strength, engineering index data and erosion time of the structure with lost bearing capacity according to technical specifications, and calculating the sulfate solution concentration of the corresponding application scene; preparing a test solution based on the sulfate solution concentration, and performing an acceleration test on a standard test piece;
step S30, constructing a spectrum system, such as a near infrared hyperspectral system, by a spectrum camera;
step S40, performing spectrum scanning on the surface of the standard test piece and the sulfate corrosion product mixture to obtain corresponding spectrum imaging data;
s50, preprocessing the spectral imaging data;
step S60, performing spectrum matching on the spectrum imaging data to determine the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the standard test piece;
Step S70, performing a concrete compressive strength test on the standard test piece to obtain compressive strength;
step S80, constructing a database based on the compressive strength, the component content and the spectral imaging data;
step S90, simplifying the database by a mathematical analysis method, and extracting characteristic wavelengths with correlation with the compressive strength and the component content;
step S100, constructing an evaluation model based on the compressive strength, the component content and the characteristic wavelength, wherein the evaluation model is used for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through the characteristic wavelength, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete by the reflectivity;
s110, collecting spectrum data of the concrete surface of a tested member; and inputting the spectral data of the concrete surface into the evaluation model, and outputting the compressive strength of the tested member and the component content of the sulfate corrosion product, thereby being beneficial to evaluating whether the tested member is safe or not.
By the method, the mathematical model is constructed by utilizing the spectral curve characteristics of the related sulfate corrosion products in the spectral data of the concrete surface, so that the sulfate corrosion durability evaluation of the tested member is completed, and the damage to the tested member is avoided.
In one possible embodiment, the standard test piece seals certain two opposite sides parallel to the direction of the reinforcing steel bar and two sides perpendicular to the direction of the reinforcing steel bar, and the subsequent sulfate ions are subjected to one-dimensional diffusion according to Fick's second law.
In one possible embodiment, the standard test piece may be manufactured according to specifications, for example, standard for ordinary concrete mechanical property test methods (GB/T50081-2019).
In a possible implementation manner, the physical index may be collected according to a technical specification, and specifically includes: concrete strength grade, age, cement ratio, water content, porosity, fly ash mixing amount and the like.
In a possible embodiment, the concrete evaluation conditions include: application scene, temperature, pH value, cation type, sulfate erosion concentration and the like.
In one possible embodiment, the concrete strength levels may be C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, etc., respectively, according to the usual concrete strength levels.
In a possible embodiment, the sulfate attack concentration refers to the concentration of the sulfate test solution used for soaking the standard test piece, and the concentration is classified according to the multiplying power and at least comprises 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 times; the concentration is required to be greater than 7500mg/L.
In a possible embodiment, the temperature comprises at least 10 ℃ and 25 ℃.
In one possible embodiment, the ph refers to the ph of the sulfate test solution used to soak the standard test piece, and includes at least 10, 11, 12, and 13.
In one possible embodiment, the cation type refers to the cation species of the sulfate test solution used to soak the standard test piece, including sodium ions and/or magnesium ions.
In a possible embodiment, the standard test piece is prepared according to the concrete strength grade, and at least 3 pieces are prepared according to one strength grade, so that the influence of test errors on measured data can be reduced.
In one possible embodiment, the product comprises gypsum @, gypsum @) And/or ettringite @ and) And/or carbonthiotobermorite @, and) Etc.; when magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) When the product further comprises magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2 ) Etc.; after mixing these products in a predetermined ratio, a sulfate corrosion product mixture is obtained.
In a possible implementation manner, the preset proportion can be set according to the proportion of the measured product after the chemical reaction of the concrete structure under the specific conditions of application scene, temperature, pH value, cation type, sulfate erosion concentration and the like in actual engineering.
In one possible embodiment, the method for calculating the sulfate solution concentration in step S20 includes:
s20-1, collecting an application scene, a temperature T (unit is in DEG C), a pH value x and a water-gel ratio determined in the step S10R W/B Fly ash mixing amountF;
Step S20-2, determining the duration of the acceleration test according to the time requirement of the sulfate erosion durabilityt(units: seconds);
step S20-3, calculating sulfate radical concentrationcThe concrete compression strength and sulfate solution concentration relation formula can be calculated according to the existing concrete compression strength and sulfate solution concentration relation formula, and the concrete formula can be as follows:
；
step S20-4, calculating the concentration of the sulfate solutionThe specific formula may be:
；
wherein,correction coefficients representing the measured component from the sea surface: when the air is in an atmospheric area and a tidal flood area, the value is 0.7; when the sulfate solution is in an underwater region, the value of the sulfate solution is 1 at a position which is 1 meter away from the sea surface, and the value of the sulfate solution is 1.4 at a position which is 25 meters away from the sea surface, so that the difference of the capacities of absorbing sulfate ions on the surface of the concrete can be considered, and more accurate sulfate solution concentration can be obtained by back calculation under different application scenes.
Through the steps, the accurate sulfate solution concentration can be calculated according to specific application scenes.
In a possible embodiment, the acceleration test in step S20 includes a sulfate soaking test and a sulfate dry-wet cycle test: the sulfate soaking test corresponds to an underwater region in an application scene; the sulfate dry-wet cycle test corresponds to a tidal zone and an atmospheric zone in an application scene; according to the application scene, a corresponding acceleration test is selected, so that the method is closer to the actual situation, and more accurate spectral imaging data can be measured later.
In a possible implementation manner, the step S30 specifically includes:
step S30-1, black and white calibration: firstly, shooting a full white calibration imageWThen shoot all black calibration imageSCalculating the calibrated relative imageRThe specific formula may be:
；
wherein,Irepresenting an original image;
step S30-2, setting scanning parameters: the height of the upper surface of the standard test piece from the camera lens is measured, parameters such as exposure time and scanning speed during spectrum image acquisition are calculated according to the height, and the scanning distance is determined according to the size of the surface to be detected of the standard test piece, so that the image of the whole surface to be detected of the standard test piece can be acquired.
In a possible embodiment, the method of preprocessing in step S50 includes: the prior methods such as multi-element scattering correction, standard normal variable transformation, scaling, smoothing algorithm, derivative algorithm, principal component filtering, independent component filtering, wavelet transformation and the like can select a proper preprocessing method according to actual conditions.
In a possible embodiment, the specific step of determining the component content in step S60 includes:
s60-1, finishing spectral imaging data of a sulfate corrosion product mixture, and establishing a spectral library of sulfate corrosion products;
s60-2, spectrum imaging data of a standard test piece under the condition of sulfate erosion concentration of each multiplying power is subjected to spectrum unmixing methods, such as a spectrum ratio method, a spectrum derivative method and the like, so as to obtain a spectrum unmixing model of a concrete erosion product;
step S60-3, matching the spectrum unmixing model with the spectrum library through a minimum distance matching method, a Spectrum Angle (SAM) matching algorithm, a Spectrum Correlation Coefficient (SCC), a Spectrum Information Divergence (SID) and other methods;
s60-4, respectively extracting the characteristics of the spectrum unmixing model and the spectrum library, and performing spectrum characteristic fitting (SFF) on the characteristics of the absorption position, depth, absorption area, symmetry and the like of the spectrum curve;
and S60-5, screening out a spectrum curve with a fitting value of more than 0.95 with the spectrum unmixing model from the spectrum library, and taking the component content of the sulfate corrosion product corresponding to the spectrum curve as the component content of the sulfate corrosion product in a standard test piece.
In one possible embodiment, the concrete compressive strength test in step S70 may be performed according to the general concrete mechanical property test method Standard (GB/T50081-2019).
In a possible implementation manner, the database of the step S80 specifically includes standard test pieces with different concrete strength grades, and after sulfate attack, the standard test pieces have a one-to-one correspondence relationship among compressive strength, component content of sulfate corrosion products and a spectrum curve.
In a possible embodiment, the mathematical analysis method in step S90 includes a correlation coefficient method, a weight coefficient method, a principal component analysis method, a band ratio, a genetic algorithm, a stepwise regression method, etc., by which characteristic wavelengths having a strong correlation with the compressive strength of concrete, the component content of sulfate corrosion products can be obtained.
In one possible embodiment, step S100 includes: dividing the data in the database into a training set, a verification set and a test set according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, and taking the compressive strength and the component content as labels; the data is standardized by using a standardized method such as z-score or min-max scaling, so that the model training process is more stable; training, verifying and testing a neural network model, such as a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), to obtain an assessment model, thereby establishing a mathematical model between the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products and spectral curve characteristics.
In a possible implementation manner, the database may further include temperature, ph, cation type, sulfate erosion concentration, physical index, etc., so that an assessment model including any of the above items as an assessment result may be constructed according to actual requirements.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the application further provides a sulfate erosion durability evaluation system of a concrete structure, which comprises a data receiving module, a data processing module and a result generating module:
the data receiving module is used for receiving the spectrum data of the concrete surface of the tested member;
the data processing module comprises a database, a model unit and an evaluation unit:
the database stores the compressive strength of a standard test piece, the component content of sulfate corrosion products and spectral imaging data;
the model unit simplifies the database through a mathematical analysis method, extracts characteristic wavelengths related to the compressive strength and the component content, constructs an evaluation model, and is used for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through the characteristic wavelengths, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete through the reflectivity;
The evaluation unit calls the evaluation model, and inputs the spectral data of the concrete surface of the tested member to obtain the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete;
the result generation module is used for outward issuing the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete.
In a third aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application further provides a concrete structure sulfate attack durability assessment device, including a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein the memory stores instructions and data read by the processor, the processor is configured to call the instructions and data in the memory to perform the concrete structure sulfate attack durability assessment method as described above, and the bus connects the functional components for transmitting information.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the system and the device for evaluating the sulfate erosion durability of the concrete structure, which are provided by the invention, detection is carried out based on a spectrum image, and the detected member or structure is not damaged; after the assessment model is constructed, only spectral image acquisition is needed for the tested component, and the durability assessment is completed according to the image data, so that the assessment period is greatly shortened, and the detection efficiency is improved; according to the scheme, the spectral curve characteristics of the sulfate corrosion product are identified, so that the component content of the sulfate corrosion product on the surface of the material and the compressive strength of the concrete can be accurately detected, and compared with a traditional qualitative or semi-quantitative method, the method is more accurate; according to the scheme, an evaluation model of the comprehensive index can be constructed according to actual requirements, and comprehensive data support is provided for evaluating sulfate erosion durability of the concrete structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating sulfate attack durability of a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a specific method for calculating sulfate solution concentration in step S20 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a specific method for determining component content in step S60 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a sulfate attack durability evaluation system for a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to facilitate understanding of the following embodiments, the inventive concepts of the present application are briefly described as follows:
aiming at the technical problems in the background art, the method is considered to collect the spectrum image of the surface of the tested concrete (such as silicate concrete) member through a spectrum camera, and carry out the evaluation of sulfate erosion durability through machine identification on the spectrum curve characteristics of related sulfate erosion products in the spectrum image, so that the method can not damage the tested member, and can greatly improve the evaluation efficiency.
The standard test piece is subjected to an accelerated corrosion test and a spectrum image is acquired and used as a data source of a database, so that the comparability of the evaluation standard is ensured; and then, the spectral curve characteristics in the database are screened, and neural network training is carried out on the basis of the spectral curve characteristics, so that the reliability of the assessment model is ensured.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
It should be further noted that the following specific examples or embodiments are a series of optimized arrangements of the present invention for further explaining specific summary, and these arrangements may be used in combination or in association with each other.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1, the concrete structure sulfate erosion durability evaluation method provided in this embodiment includes the specific concrete evaluation conditions including an application scenario of an underwater area (1 meter from the sea surface), a ph of 12, a temperature of 25 ℃ and a cation type of sodium ion (from sodium sulfate), and the specific steps are as follows:
step S10, preparing a plurality of groups of standard test pieces with different concrete strength grades and different sulfate erosion concentrations by adopting the same batch of materials, the same equipment and the same process based on concrete evaluation conditions, and collecting physical indexes of the standard test pieces; meanwhile, according to the sulfate corrosion concrete product, preparing a sulfate corrosion product mixture in a laboratory according to a preset proportion;
the appearance of the standard test piece is a cube; the specific size of the standard test piece can be set as；
The standard test piece seals certain two opposite side surfaces parallel to the direction of the steel bar and two side surfaces perpendicular to the direction of the steel bar, and the subsequent sulfate ions are subjected to one-dimensional diffusion according to Fick's second law;
the standard test piece can be manufactured according to technical specifications, such as the standard of the ordinary concrete mechanical property test method (GB/T50081-2019);
The physical index may also be collected according to the above technical specifications, and specifically includes: age, water-cement ratio, water content, porosity, fly ash mixing amount and other information;
the concrete strength grades can be C20, C30, C40, C50 and C60 according to the common concrete strength grade; the standard test piece is prepared according to the strength grade of the concrete, and at least 3 pieces of standard test pieces are prepared according to one strength grade, so that the influence of test errors on measured data can be reduced;
the sulfate erosion concentration refers to the concentration of a sulfate test solution used for soaking a standard test piecec b The concentration ofc b According to the multiplying power classification, at least comprises 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 times; the concentration isc b It is more than 7500mg/L;
based on the concrete evaluation conditions of 12 ph, 25 ℃ and sodium ion type (from sodium sulfate), the corrosion products are mainly gypsum and ettringite, and the gypsum and ettringite are mixed in a laboratory according to a preset ratio to prepare a sulfate corrosion product mixture, wherein the preset ratio at least comprises: 1: 0. 4: 1. 3: 2. 2: 3. 1:4 and 0:1, a step of;
step S20, judging the concrete compressive strength, engineering index data and erosion time of the structure with lost bearing capacity according to technical specifications, and calculating the sulfate solution concentration of the corresponding application scene; preparing a test solution based on the sulfate solution concentration, and performing an acceleration test on a standard test piece;
As shown in fig. 2, the method for calculating the concentration of the sulfate solution specifically includes:
step S20-1, determining that the application scene is an underwater area, the temperature T is 25 ℃, the pH value x is 12 and the water-gel ratioR W/B Fly ash mixing amountF;
Step S20-2, determining the duration of the acceleration test according to the time requirement of the sulfate erosion durabilityt(units: seconds);
step S20-3, calculating sulfate radical concentrationcThe concrete compression strength and sulfate solution concentration relation formula can be calculated according to the existing concrete compression strength and sulfate solution concentration relation formula, and the concrete formula can be as follows:
；
step S20-4, calculating the concentration of the sulfate solutionThe specific formula may be:
；
wherein,representing the correction coefficient of the measured component from the sea surface, and taking a value of 1 at a position which is 1 meter away from the sea surface when the measured component is in an underwater area;
for the purpose ofThe method for accelerating the test in the underwater area adopts a sulfate soaking test and comprises the following steps: placing standard test piece with standard maintenance for 28 days in blue plastic box with cover, and grouping sulfate solution with preset sulfate erosion concentration, wherein the concentration of sulfate solution is configured according to multiplying power and constant of preset reference group (multiplying power multiplied by constant: 0 times)c b 0.25 times ofc b 0.5 times ofc b 0.75 timesc b 1 time of c b ) Standing overnight, pouring the solution into a plastic box after the solution components are completely dissolved, ensuring that the liquid level is higher than the surface of a concrete standard test piece by more than 2cm, then placing the plastic box in a standard curing room to ensure the stability of an external environment, and ending the test after the test is carried out for a preset duration;
step S30, constructing a near infrared hyperspectral system by a near infrared hyperspectral camera, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S30-1, black and white calibration: firstly, shooting a full white calibration imageWThen shoot all black calibration imageSCalculating the calibrated relative imageRThe specific formula may be:
；
wherein,Irepresenting an original image;
step S30-2, setting scanning parameters: measuring the height of the upper surface of the standard test piece from a camera lens, calculating parameters such as exposure time, scanning speed and the like during spectrum image acquisition according to the height, and determining a scanning distance according to the size of a surface to be detected of the standard test piece so as to ensure that an image of the whole surface to be detected of the standard test piece can be acquired;
s40, performing near infrared hyperspectral scanning on the exposed surface of the standard test piece and the sulfate corrosion product mixture to obtain corresponding near infrared hyperspectral imaging data;
step S50, preprocessing the near infrared hyperspectral imaging data, specifically including: the prior methods such as multi-element scattering correction, standard normal variable transformation, scaling, smoothing algorithm, derivative algorithm, principal component filtering, independent component filtering, wavelet transformation and the like can select a proper preprocessing method according to actual conditions;
Step S60, performing spectrum matching on the near infrared hyperspectral imaging data, and determining the component content of the sulfate corrosion product in the standard test piece, as shown in fig. 3, specifically including:
s60-1, finishing near infrared hyperspectral imaging data of a sulfate corrosion product mixture, and establishing a spectrum library of sulfate corrosion products;
s60-2, obtaining a spectral unmixing model of a concrete corrosion product by using infrared hyperspectral imaging data of a standard test piece under the condition of sulfate corrosion concentration of each multiplying power through a spectral unmixing method, such as a spectral ratio method, a spectral derivative method and the like;
step S60-3, matching the spectrum unmixing model with the spectrum library through a minimum distance matching method, a Spectrum Angle (SAM) matching algorithm, a Spectrum Correlation Coefficient (SCC), a Spectrum Information Divergence (SID) and other methods;
s60-4, respectively extracting the characteristics of the spectrum unmixing model and the spectrum library, and performing spectrum characteristic fitting (SFF) on the characteristics of the absorption position, depth, absorption area, symmetry and the like of the spectrum curve;
s60-5, screening out a spectrum curve with a fitting value of more than 0.95 with the spectrum unmixing model from the spectrum library, and taking the component content of the sulfate corrosion product corresponding to the spectrum curve as the component content of the sulfate corrosion product in a standard test piece;
Step S70, performing a concrete compressive strength test on the standard test piece, wherein the compressive strength can be measured according to the method in the method Standard of the common concrete mechanical property test (GB/T50081-2019);
step S80, constructing a database based on the compressive strength, the component content and the spectrum imaging data, wherein the database specifically comprises standard test pieces with different concrete strength grades, and the one-to-one correspondence among the compressive strength, the component content of sulfate corrosion products and a spectrum curve is realized after sulfate corrosion;
step S90, simplifying the database by a mathematical analysis method, and extracting characteristic wavelengths with correlation with the compressive strength and the component content;
firstly, analyzing and determining sulfate corrosion products and characteristic wavelengths thereof based on concrete evaluation conditions:
the ph of this example was 12, the temperature was 25 ℃ and the cation type was sodium ion (from sodium sulfate), the sulfate reacted chemically with the hydration product of the concrete, and when the sulfate concentration was different, the corrosion product was also different: in low concentration sulfate radical environmentLess than 1000 mg/L), the primary corrosion product being ettringite; in a high concentration sulfate environment (& lt/EN) >> 8000 mg/L), the primary corrosion product being gypsum; when the concentration is in between, both gypsum and ettringite will appear, the specific chemical reactions occurring are as follows:
gypsum type sulfate attack:
；
ettringite type sulfate attack:
；
when the erosion time is continuously increased, the generated gypsum and ettringite are gradually increased to generate expansion damage effect on concrete, so that the compressive strength of the concrete is finally reduced, the spectral curve characteristics of the ettringite and the gypsum are obvious, and characteristic wavelengths exist in the spectral curve;
the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength is different under the condition of different corrosion product component contents, so that the reflectivity at the characteristic wavelength of ettringite and gypsum is determined in the follow-up process, and the compressive strength of the concrete after sulfate corrosion can be determined;
the mathematical analysis method comprises a correlation coefficient method, a weight coefficient method, a principal component analysis method, a wave band ratio, a genetic algorithm, a stepwise regression method and the like, and characteristic wavelengths with stronger correlation with the compressive strength of concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products can be obtained through the methods;
step S100, constructing an evaluation model based on the compressive strength, the component content and the characteristic wavelength, wherein the evaluation model is used for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through the characteristic wavelength, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete by the reflectivity, and specifically comprises the following steps: dividing the data in the database into a training set, a verification set and a test set according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, and taking the compressive strength and the component content as labels; the data is standardized by using a standardized method such as z-score or min-max scaling, so that the model training process is more stable; training, verifying and testing a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to obtain the evaluation model;
Further, the database can also comprise temperature, pH value, cation type, sulfate erosion concentration, physical index and the like, so that an assessment model containing any item as an assessment result can be constructed according to actual requirements;
s110, collecting spectrum data of the concrete surface of a tested member; and inputting the spectral data of the concrete surface into the evaluation model, and outputting the compressive strength of the tested member and the component content of the sulfate corrosion product, thereby being beneficial to evaluating whether the tested member is safe or not.
Embodiment two:
the concrete evaluation conditions of this example include the application scenario of tidal zone and atmospheric zone, ph 12, temperature 25 ℃ and cation type sodium ion (from sodium sulfate), mainly using the method of example one, the difference being that:
in step S20-4 of the process,the value is 0.7;
the acceleration test in step S20 adopts a sulfate dry-wet cycle test, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the NJ-LSY-18 dry-wet cycle test box is adopted in a laboratory to carry outDry and wet cyclic sulfate erosion test is carried out for 24 hours; completely soaking a concrete standard test piece subjected to standard curing for 28 days in a sulfate solution for 15 hours, adopting a preset sulfate erosion concentration group to prepare the sulfate solution, and preparing the concentration of the sulfate solution according to the multiplying power and the constant of a preset reference group (multiplying power multiplied by the constant: 0 times) c b 0.25 times ofc b 0.5 times ofc b 0.75 timesc b 1 time ofc b ) At this time, the temperature in the box body is kept at 25 ℃; then, the liquid discharge is air-dried for 1 hour, wherein the liquid discharge needs to be discharged within half an hour; setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and drying for 6 hours; finally, naturally cooling to room temperature for 2 hours; the process is a cycle period, and the test is ended when the test reaches the preset cycle period number; thus, ettringite in sulfate corrosion products can be prevented from being decomposed at high temperature (more than 60 ℃), and the corrosion mechanism of sulfate is not changed.
Embodiment III:
the concrete evaluation conditions of this embodiment include an application scene of an underwater region, a ph of 11, a temperature of 25 ℃ and a cation type of sodium ion (from sodium sulfate), and the method of embodiment one is mainly adopted, except that:
in step S10, based on concrete evaluation conditions of pH value of 11, temperature of 25 ℃ and cation type of sodium ions (from sodium sulfate), the corrosive product is mainly gypsum, and gypsum is prepared in a laboratory to obtain a sulfate corrosive product mixture;
in step S90, except for the formation of ettringite and gypsum as in example one, when the pH value is less than 11.4, the hydrated calcium silicate gel C-S-H in the concrete hydration product will be decalcified to form gypsum, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
；
When the pH value is less than 11.5-12, the ettringite is continuously decomposed into gypsum, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
；
when the erosion time is continuously increased, the generated gypsum is gradually increased, the expansion damage effect is generated on the concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete is finally reduced, the spectrum curve characteristic of the gypsum is obvious, and the characteristic wavelength exists in the spectrum curve;
and the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength is different under the condition of different corrosion product component contents, so that the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength of the gypsum is determined later, and the compressive strength of the concrete after sulfate erosion can be determined.
Embodiment four:
the concrete evaluation conditions of this embodiment include an application scene of an underwater region, a ph of 12, a temperature of 10 ℃ and a cation type of sodium ion (from sodium sulfate), and the method of embodiment one is mainly adopted, except that:
in step S10, based on the concrete evaluation conditions of 12 ph, 10 ℃ temperature and sodium ion type (from sodium sulfate), the corrosion products mainly include gypsum, ettringite and tobermorite, and the gypsum, ettringite and tobermorite are mixed in a laboratory according to a predetermined ratio, to prepare a sulfate corrosion product mixture, wherein the predetermined ratio at least includes: 1:3: 1. 4:1: 0. 3:1: 1. 2:2: 1. 2:1:2 and 1:3.5:0.5;
In step S90, in the presence of sufficient water source and carbonate in the sulfate solution at a temperature below 15deg.C, ettringite and gypsum are formed as in example one, wherein ettringite is mixed with C-S-H gel and carbonateIon or air->Gas) and sufficient water to produce tobermorite, the reaction is initially slow, but after tobermorite begins to form, the rate of reaction is significantly faster, and the specific chemical reaction formula is as follows:
gypsum type sulfate attack:
；
ettringite type sulfate attack:
；
carbon sulfur tobermorite sulfate attack:
；
or (b)
；/>
When the erosion time is continuously increased, the generated gypsum, ettringite and carbon sulfur wollastonite are continuously increased, the expansion damage effect is generated on the concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete is finally reduced, the spectral curve characteristics of the ettringite, the gypsum and the carbon sulfur wollastonite are obvious, and characteristic wavelengths exist in the spectral curve;
and the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength is different under the condition of different corrosion product component contents, so that the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelengths of ettringite, gypsum and carbazeite can be determined later, and the compressive strength of the concrete after sulfate erosion can be determined.
Fifth embodiment:
the concrete evaluation conditions of this example included an application scenario of an underwater region, a pH of 12, a temperature of 10deg.C, and a cation type of magnesium ion (from magnesium sulfate MgSO) 4 ) The method in the fourth embodiment is mainly adopted, and the difference is that:
in step S10, based on pH of 12, temperature of 10deg.C, and cation type of magnesium ion (from magnesium sulfate MgSO) 4 ) The corrosion products mainly comprise gypsum, ettringite, carbon sulfur wollastonite and magnesium hydroxide, and the gypsum, ettringite, carbon sulfur wollastonite and magnesium hydroxide are mixed according to the preset proportion in a laboratoryAnd preparing a sulfate corrosion product mixture, wherein the preset proportion at least comprises: 1:2:1: 1. 4:1:0: 0. 3:1:0.5:0.5, 2:1:1: 1. 2:1:1.5:0.5 and 1:2.5:0.5:0.5;
in step S90, except for forming ettringite, gypsum and carbazeite as in example four, magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) Can also participate in the reaction to generate indissolvable magnesium hydroxide, thereby generating magnesium sulfate MgSO with more serious damage degree 4 The specific chemical reaction formula of the double erosion type erosion is as follows:
MgSO 4 double erosion type erosion:
；
When the erosion time is continuously increased, the generated gypsum, ettringite, carbon sulfur wollastonite and magnesium hydroxide are continuously increased, the expansion damage effect is generated on the concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete is finally reduced, the spectrum curve characteristics of the gypsum, ettringite, carbon sulfur wollastonite and magnesium hydroxide are obvious, and characteristic wavelengths exist in the spectrum curve;
and the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength is different under the condition of different corrosion product component contents, so that the reflectivity of the characteristic wavelength of gypsum, ettringite, carbazeite and magnesium hydroxide is determined later, and the compressive strength of the concrete after sulfate erosion can be determined.
Example six:
as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment provides a sulfate erosion durability evaluation system for a concrete structure, which includes a data receiving module, a data processing module and a result generating module:
the data receiving module is used for receiving the spectrum data of the concrete surface of the tested member;
the data processing module comprises a database, a model unit and an evaluation unit:
the database stores the compressive strength of a standard test piece, the component content of sulfate corrosion products and spectral imaging data;
the model unit simplifies the database by a mathematical analysis method; extracting characteristic wavelengths related to the compressive strength and the component content; constructing an evaluation model for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through characteristic wavelength, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete by the reflectivity;
The evaluation unit calls the evaluation model, and inputs the spectral data of the concrete surface of the tested member to obtain the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete;
the result generation module is used for outward issuing the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete.
Embodiment seven:
the embodiment provides a concrete structure sulfate attack durability assessment device, which comprises a processor, a memory and a bus, wherein the memory stores instructions and data read by the processor, the processor is used for calling the instructions and the data in the memory so as to execute the concrete structure sulfate attack durability assessment method, and the bus is connected with all functional components and used for transmitting information.
In yet another embodiment, the present solution may be implemented by means of an apparatus, which may include corresponding modules performing each or several steps of the above-described embodiments. A module may be one or more hardware modules specifically configured to perform the respective steps, or be implemented by a processor configured to perform the respective steps, or be stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or be implemented by some combination.
The processor performs the various methods and processes described above. For example, method embodiments in the present solution may be implemented as a software program tangibly embodied on a machine-readable medium, such as a memory. In some embodiments, part or all of the software program may be loaded and/or installed via memory and/or a communication interface. One or more of the steps of the methods described above may be performed when a software program is loaded into memory and executed by a processor. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor may be configured to perform one of the methods described above in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
The device may be implemented using a bus architecture. The bus architecture may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the hardware and the overall design constraints. The bus connects together various circuits including one or more processors, memories, and/or hardware modules. The bus may also connect various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, external antennas, and the like.
The bus may be an industry standard architecture (ISA, industry Standard Architecture) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI, peripheral Component) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA, extended Industry Standard Component) bus, etc., and may be classified as an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating sulfate attack durability of a concrete structure, comprising:
step S10, preparing a plurality of groups of standard test pieces in a classified mode based on concrete evaluation conditions, and collecting physical indexes of the standard test pieces; meanwhile, preparing a sulfate corrosion product mixture according to a preset proportion according to a sulfate corrosion concrete product;
step S20, judging the concrete compressive strength, engineering index data and erosion time of the structure with lost bearing capacity according to technical specifications, and calculating the sulfate solution concentration of the corresponding application scene; preparing a test solution based on the sulfate solution concentration, and performing an acceleration test on a standard test piece;
S30, constructing a spectrum system through a spectrum camera;
step S40, performing spectrum scanning on the surface of the standard test piece and the sulfate corrosion product mixture to obtain corresponding spectrum imaging data;
s50, preprocessing the spectral imaging data;
step S60, performing spectrum matching on the spectrum imaging data to determine the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the standard test piece;
step S70, performing a concrete compressive strength test on the standard test piece to obtain compressive strength;
step S80, constructing a database based on the compressive strength, the component content and the spectral imaging data;
step S90, simplifying the database by a mathematical analysis method, and extracting characteristic wavelengths with correlation with the compressive strength and the component content;
step S100, constructing an evaluation model based on the compressive strength, the component content and the characteristic wavelength, wherein the evaluation model is used for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through the characteristic wavelength, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete by the reflectivity;
s110, collecting spectrum data of the concrete surface of a tested member; and inputting the spectral data of the concrete surface into the evaluation model, and outputting the compressive strength of the tested member and the component content of the sulfate corrosion product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical index comprises: concrete strength grade, age, cement ratio, water content, porosity and fly ash mixing amount.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the concrete assessment conditions comprise: application scene, temperature, pH value, cation type and sulfate erosion concentration.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature comprises at least 10 ℃ and 25 ℃; the pH value refers to the pH value of a sulfate test solution used for soaking a standard test piece, and at least comprises 10, 11, 12 and 13; the cation type refers to the cation type of the sulfate test solution used for soaking the standard test piece, and comprises sodium ions and/or magnesium ions.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the product of sulfate-etched concrete in step S10 comprises gypsum and/or ettringite and/or carbazeite and/or magnesium hydroxide.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method for calculating the sulfate solution concentration in step S20 comprises:
step S20-1, collecting the application scene, temperature T, pH value x and water-gel ratio determined in step S10 R W/B Fly ash mixing amountF;
Step S20-2, determining the duration of the acceleration test according to the time requirement of the sulfate erosion durabilityt;
Step S20-3, calculating sulfate radical concentrationcThe specific formula is as follows:
；
step S20-4, calculating the concentration of the sulfate solutionThe specific formula is as follows:
；
wherein,correction coefficients representing the measured component from the sea surface: when the air is in an atmospheric area and a tidal flood area, the value is 0.7; when the device is in the underwater region, the value of the device is 1 at a position which is 1 meter away from the sea surface, and the value of the device is 1.4 at a position which is 25 meters away from the sea surface.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S30 specifically includes:
step S30-1, black and white calibration: firstly, shooting a full white calibration imageWThen shoot all black calibration imageSCalculating the calibrated relative imageRThe specific formula is as follows:
；
wherein,Irepresenting an original image;
step S30-2, setting scanning parameters: and measuring the height of the upper surface of the standard test piece from the camera lens, calculating the exposure time and the scanning speed during spectrum image acquisition according to the height, and determining the scanning distance according to the size of the surface to be measured of the standard test piece.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the specific step of determining the component content in step S60 includes:
S60-1, finishing spectral imaging data of a sulfate corrosion product mixture, and establishing a spectral library of sulfate corrosion products;
s60-2, spectrum imaging data of a standard test piece under the condition of sulfate erosion concentration of each multiplying power is subjected to a spectrum unmixing method to obtain a spectrum unmixing model of a concrete corrosion product;
step S60-3, matching the spectrum unmixing model with the spectrum library;
s60-4, respectively extracting the characteristics of the spectrum unmixing model and the spectrum library, and performing spectrum characteristic fitting on the absorption position, depth, absorption area and symmetry of the spectrum curve;
and S60-5, screening a spectrum curve with a fitting value higher than a preset threshold value with the spectrum unmixing model from the spectrum library, and taking the component content of the sulfate corrosion product corresponding to the spectrum curve as the component content of the sulfate corrosion product in a standard test piece.
9. The sulfate erosion durability evaluation system for the concrete structure is characterized by comprising a data receiving module, a data processing module and a result generating module:
the data receiving module is used for receiving the spectrum data of the concrete surface of the tested member;
The data processing module comprises a database, a model unit and an evaluation unit:
the database stores the compressive strength of a standard test piece, the component content of sulfate corrosion products and spectral imaging data;
the model unit simplifies the database by a mathematical analysis method; extracting characteristic wavelengths related to the compressive strength and the component content; constructing an evaluation model for obtaining corresponding reflectivity through characteristic wavelength, and evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete by the reflectivity;
the evaluation unit calls the evaluation model, and inputs the spectral data of the concrete surface of the tested member to obtain the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete;
the result generation module is used for outward issuing the compressive strength of the concrete and the component content of sulfate corrosion products in the concrete.
10. The device for evaluating the sulfate erosion durability of the concrete structure is characterized by comprising a processor, a memory and a bus, wherein the memory stores instructions and data read by the processor, the processor is used for calling the instructions and the data in the memory to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, and the bus is connected with each functional component and used for transmitting information.
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