CN117727474A - Passive residual heat removal system of liquid metal cooling reactor - Google Patents
Passive residual heat removal system of liquid metal cooling reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117727474A CN117727474A CN202311605247.1A CN202311605247A CN117727474A CN 117727474 A CN117727474 A CN 117727474A CN 202311605247 A CN202311605247 A CN 202311605247A CN 117727474 A CN117727474 A CN 117727474A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid metal
- air cooler
- thermoelectric converter
- stirling
- stirling thermoelectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a passive waste heat removal system of a liquid metal cooled reactor, which comprises an independent heat exchanger, an air cooler, an intermediate loop and a plurality of Stirling thermoelectric converters. The air cooler includes a damper. The hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is inserted into the air cooler to exchange heat with the intermediate circuit, the heat-insulating end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is positioned on the inner wall surface of the air cooler, and the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is positioned on the outer side of the inner wall surface of the air cooler. When an accident occurs and power is cut off, the air door is automatically opened, and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is utilized to generate electricity for emergency equipment application. According to the Stirling thermoelectric converter, the Stirling thermoelectric converter is additionally arranged in the passive waste heat discharging system, so that the advantage of higher temperature of the liquid metal coolant in the liquid metal cooling reactor is fully utilized, the Stirling thermoelectric converter can be used for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat to supply emergency equipment in a nuclear power plant, and the complexity of a nuclear power system is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of liquid metal cooling reactors, and particularly relates to an passive waste heat discharging system of a liquid metal cooling reactor.
Background
With the gradual maturity of nuclear power system technology, the development of nuclear power systems represented by liquid metal cooling reactors such as sodium-cooled fast reactors is rapid, and great demands are put forward on the safety of the liquid metal cooling reactors, and a reliable and passive safe passive waste heat discharging system is a key component of the liquid metal cooling reactors.
At present, a part or all of an passive waste heat discharging system of the liquid metal cooling reactor adopts a design scheme of an intermediate loop coupling air cooler, the starting time of accident waste heat discharging of the liquid metal cooling reactor is controlled by an air door of the air cooler, and under the condition of outage accidents of a whole plant, a nuclear power plant needs an emergency diesel engine to supply power, and the system is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present application are directed to providing an passive residual heat removal system for a liquid metal cooling reactor, by adding a stirling thermoelectric converter in the passive residual heat removal system, the advantage of higher temperature of the liquid metal coolant in the liquid metal cooling reactor is fully utilized, so that the stirling thermoelectric converter can utilize the residual heat to generate power for emergency equipment in a nuclear power plant, and the complexity of the nuclear power system is reduced.
The application provides a passive waste heat removal system of a liquid metal cooled reactor, which comprises an independent heat exchanger, an air cooler, an intermediate loop and a plurality of Stirling thermoelectric converters. The independent heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with heat generated by the liquid metal cooled reactor. The air cooler includes a damper. The inlet end of the air cooler is connected with the outlet end of the independent heat exchanger. The intermediate circuit is connected between the outlet end of the air cooler and the inlet end of the independent heat exchanger. The hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is inserted into the air cooler to exchange heat with the intermediate circuit, the heat-insulating end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is positioned on the inner wall surface of the air cooler, and the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is positioned on the outer side of the inner wall surface of the air cooler. The operation of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is controlled by opening and closing a damper of the air cooler, and when power failure occurs due to accident, the damper is automatically opened, and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is utilized to generate power for emergency equipment application.
In the scheme, the plurality of Stirling thermoelectric converters are additionally arranged in the passive waste heat discharging system of the liquid metal cooling reactor, when an accident occurs and power failure occurs, the air door is automatically opened, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter exchanges heat with air in a convection mode, the temperature is reduced, the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter absorbs heat of the middle loop, the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is large, power generation is caused, the generated power is enough for supplying emergency equipment application, waste heat discharging and emergency power supply are realized, the complexity of a nuclear power system is reduced, and the reliability of the nuclear power system is improved.
In one embodiment of the present application, the liquid metal cooled reactor is a pool sodium cooled fast reactor. The independent heat exchanger is configured to be located within the liquid metal cooled reactor. The working medium of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is sodium.
In one embodiment of the present application, the minimum threshold value of the operating temperature range of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is not less than the outlet temperature of the liquid metal cooled reactor.
In one embodiment of the present application, the liquid metal cooled reactor is a pool sodium cooled fast reactor and the operating temperature range of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is 550 ℃ or higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive residual heat removal system of a liquid metal cooling reactor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the passive residual heat removal system 100 of the liquid metal cooled reactor 10 includes an independent heat exchanger 1, an air cooler 2, an intermediate circuit 3, and a plurality of stirling thermoelectric converters 4. The independent heat exchanger 1 is configured to exchange heat with heat generated by the liquid metal cooled reactor. The air cooler 2 includes a damper 21. The inlet end of the air cooler 2 is connected with the outlet end of the independent heat exchanger 1. The intermediate circuit 3 is connected between the outlet end of the air cooler 2 and the inlet end of the independent heat exchanger 1. The hot end a of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is inserted into the air cooler 2 to exchange heat with the intermediate circuit 3, the adiabatic end B of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is located on the inner wall surface of the air cooler 2, and the cold end C of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is located outside the inner wall surface S of the air cooler 2. The operation of the Stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is controlled by opening and closing the air door 21 of the air cooler 2, and when power failure occurs due to accident, the air door 21 is automatically opened, and power is generated by utilizing the temperature difference between the cold end C and the hot end A of the Stirling thermoelectric converter 4 to supply emergency equipment. In this way, by adding the plurality of stirling thermoelectric converters 4 in the passive residual heat removal system 100 of the liquid metal cooling reactor, when an accident occurs and power is cut off, the damper 21 is automatically opened, the cold end C of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 exchanges heat with air in a convection manner, the temperature is reduced, the hot end a of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 absorbs the heat of the intermediate circuit 3, and the temperature difference between the cold end C and the hot end a of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is large, so that power generation is caused, and the generated power is enough for emergency equipment application. In addition, the cold end C of the Stirling thermoelectric converter 4 arranged on the air cooler 2 and the independent heat exchanger 1 drive the intermediate circuit 3 to generate natural circulation, so that the waste heat discharge and emergency power supply can be simultaneously carried out, the complexity of a nuclear power system is reduced, the reliability of the nuclear power system is improved, and the Stirling thermoelectric converter has wide application prospect in a fast reactor passive waste heat discharge system adopting the intermediate circuit 3 to couple the air cooler 2.
When the liquid metal cooling reactor 10 is operating normally, the damper 21 of the air cooler 2 is closed, the air cooler 2 is not started, the temperature difference between the cold end C and the hot end a of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is small, and no heat is absorbed to generate electricity. In addition, after the accident occurs, the air door 21 can be automatically opened, and the Stirling thermoelectric converter is automatically put into use to provide the external power, so as to generate electricity and discharge heat.
The stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is a device for converting thermal energy into electric energy using the thermoelectric effect, and the operating principle of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is based on the thermodynamic principle of the stirling cycle, i.e., the generation of thermal energy by the temperature difference between two heat sources of different temperatures. The larger the temperature difference between the cold side C and the hot side a of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4, the higher the power generation efficiency.
In the passive residual heat removal system 100 of the liquid metal cooled reactor provided in at least one embodiment of the present application, the liquid metal cooled reactor 10 is a pool type sodium cooled fast reactor. The independent heat exchanger 1 is configured to be located within a liquid metal cooled reactor 10. The working medium of the Stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is sodium. In this way, the passive waste heat discharging system 100 is applied to the field of pool type sodium-cooled fast reactors, when an accident (such as a whole plant outage accident) occurs in a large pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor, the air door 21 is automatically opened after the power failure, the Stirling thermoelectric converter 4 generates heat in a loop to provide an emergency power supply, the temperature in the air cooler 2 is reduced, a natural circulation loop is formed by the passive waste heat discharging system and high-temperature fluid in the independent heat exchanger 1 in the pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor, and the passive waste heat discharging system continuously brings heat to the air cooler 2 to discharge the waste heat under the accident, and the passive waste heat discharging system 100 can be used for emergency equipment in a power plant by utilizing the waste heat to generate power.
The operating temperature range of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application, and the operating temperature range of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 may be adapted to the outlet temperature of the reactor. In some embodiments, if the liquid metal cooled reactor is a pool-type sodium cooled fast reactor having an outlet temperature of about 550 ℃, the operating temperature range of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is 550 ℃ or higher. In other embodiments, if the liquid metal cooled reactor is a lead alloy liquid metal cooled reactor having an outlet temperature of about 550 ℃, the operating temperature range of the stirling thermoelectric converter 4 is above 550 ℃.
It should be noted that, the combination of the technical features in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the combination described in the embodiments of the present application or the combination described in the specific embodiments, and all the technical features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradiction occurs between them.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A passive residual heat removal system for a liquid metal cooled reactor, comprising:
a separate heat exchanger configured to exchange heat generated by the liquid metal cooled reactor;
the air cooler comprises an air door, wherein the inlet end of the air cooler is connected with the outlet end of the independent heat exchanger;
an intermediate circuit connected between the outlet end of the air cooler and the inlet end of the independent heat exchanger;
the heat ends of the Stirling thermoelectric converters are inserted into the air cooler to exchange heat with the intermediate circuit, the heat insulation ends are positioned on the inner wall surface of the air cooler, the cold ends are positioned on the outer side of the inner wall surface of the air cooler, the operation of the Stirling thermoelectric converters is controlled by opening and closing a damper of the air cooler, after power failure is caused by accidents, the damper is automatically opened, and the temperature difference between the cold ends and the hot ends of the Stirling thermoelectric converters is utilized to generate electricity for emergency equipment application.
2. The passive waste heat removal system of claim 1, wherein,
the liquid metal cooling reactor is a pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor, the independent heat exchanger is configured to be positioned in the liquid metal cooling reactor, and the working medium of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is sodium.
3. The passive waste heat removal system of claim 1, wherein,
the minimum threshold of the operating temperature range of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is not less than the outlet temperature of the liquid metal cooled reactor.
4. The passive waste heat removal system of claim 3, wherein,
the liquid metal cooling reactor is a pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor, and the working temperature range of the Stirling thermoelectric converter is more than 550 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311605247.1A CN117727474A (en) | 2023-11-27 | 2023-11-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of liquid metal cooling reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311605247.1A CN117727474A (en) | 2023-11-27 | 2023-11-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of liquid metal cooling reactor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117727474A true CN117727474A (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Family
ID=90198937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311605247.1A Pending CN117727474A (en) | 2023-11-27 | 2023-11-27 | Passive residual heat removal system of liquid metal cooling reactor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117727474A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-11-27 CN CN202311605247.1A patent/CN117727474A/en active Pending
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