CN117726196B - Comprehensive evaluation method for environment suitability for railway route selection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of railway line selection, and particularly discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for environment suitability of railway line selection, which comprises the following steps: step S1, dividing a research area into a plurality of voxels, dispersing railway route selection information data into the voxels, and constructing a three-dimensional comprehensive geographic information model; step S2, determining the reachable range of the railway line; step S3, matching the reachable range voxels with the railway line structure; and S4, calculating a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index, wherein each evaluation index comprises at least two subclasses, calculating dimensionless values and weights of all the subclasses, and calculating the environmental suitability of each voxel, thereby obtaining the environmental suitability of the whole research area for railway route selection. The method has the advantages that three evaluation indexes of safety, economy and environmental protection are comprehensively considered, and voxels are comprehensively evaluated through various subclasses, so that guiding value is provided for railway route selection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway line selection, in particular to a comprehensive evaluation method for environment suitability of railway line selection.
Background
Along with the gradual expansion of railway construction from plain to plateau, the method extends from excellent geology to complex difficult and dangerous areas, and expands from a simple environment constraint area to a complex multi-constraint area. The railway route selection design is a guide and a foundation in the railway construction process, has important roles and functions in the railway construction, and influences global planning and overall design of the whole railway construction project. Complicated transformed terrains and geology with different advantages and disadvantages make railway route selection design difficult and heavy. In some areas, well-geological plots are scattered in the research area, and the area has large relief.
The existing railway route selection optimization scheme focuses on the optimal searching of each step of the route and wants to achieve global optimal as much as possible, but searching in this way has limitation and lacks global property. Because the previous optimization scheme has uncertainty and considers the value of the region in the line instead of the value in the whole research area, it is difficult to judge whether the optimization scheme has high value in the global line. The good regions have good lines, and in order to select the regions in advance and comprehensively evaluate each region globally, the environment suitability of voxels in each region is calculated.
In view of the foregoing, there is a great need for a comprehensive evaluation method for environmental suitability for railway route selection, which solves the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for environment suitability for railway route selection, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
the comprehensive evaluation method for the environment suitability of railway route selection comprises the following steps:
Step S1: establishing a three-dimensional geographic comprehensive information model:
Step S1-1: collecting information data for comprehensively evaluating the suitability of the railway route selection environment;
step S1-2: dividing a research area into a plurality of voxels, dispersing the information data in the step S1-1 into the voxels, and establishing a three-dimensional comprehensive geographic information model;
step S2: determining the reachable range of the railway line, specifically determining the reachable range of the railway line based on the maximum gradient constraint and the maximum limit value of the line expansion coefficient of the railway line, and obtaining a reachable range voxel;
step S3: matching the reachable range voxels with the railway line structure;
According to the height difference of the voxels corresponding to the ground and the limit height of the railway line structure, dividing the reachable range voxels into areas, and matching the voxels with the railway line structure corresponding to the ground;
step S4: calculating the environment suitability of voxels, wherein the environment suitability comprises a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index;
Step S4-1: calculating a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index; the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index respectively comprise at least two subclasses;
Step S4-2: and comprehensively considering each subclass of the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index, carrying out dimensionless treatment, determining the target weight of each subclass, and calculating the environmental suitability of each voxel.
Preferably, in step S1-1, the information data includes topographic information, geological disaster area information, surface covering information, and engineering unit price information; the topographic information comprises digital elevation information, gradient information and slope information; the geological information comprises fault information, rock characteristic information and water and soil loss information; the geological disaster area information comprises collapse space distribution information, landslide space distribution information and debris flow disaster space distribution information; the surface covering information comprises vegetation covering information, land type information, river information, protection area information and water environment functional area information; the engineering unit price information includes fill cost information, excavation cost information, bridge engineering cost information, tunnel engineering cost information, roadbed maintenance cost information, bridge maintenance cost information, and tunnel maintenance cost information.
Preferably, in step S2, the railway line reach includes a horizontal reach and a vertical reach;
the level reach is determined based on the expansion coefficient and the expansion coefficient maximum limit, and the expression is as follows:
；
；
Wherein, Representing the maximum limit value of the exhibition line coefficient; /(I)Representing the horizontal distance between each horizontal grid and the starting point; Representing the horizontal distance between each horizontal grid and the end point; /(I) Representing the linear distance between the start and end points of each horizontal grid; /(I)Representing the design elevation of the starting point of the horizontal grid; /(I)Representing a horizontal grid endpoint design elevation; /(I)Representing additional coefficients for taking into account curve and tunnel segment maximum slope reduction; /(I)Representing the maximum grade constraint of the railway line.
Preferably, in step S2, the vertical reach is calculated as follows:
；
；
；
Wherein, Representing a vertical reach; /(I)Representing a vertical reachable minimum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid which can be reached through the starting point; /(I)Representing the vertical reachable maximum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the starting point; Representing a vertical reachable minimum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid which can be reached through the end point; /(I) Representing a vertical reachable maximum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the end point; /(I)Representing a horizontal grid starting point design horizontal distance; /(I)Representing the horizontal grid endpoint design horizontal distance.
Preferably, in step S3, the location division divides the voxels into nine large threshold regions, and the specific division parameters are the minimum design burial depth of the deep buried tunnel, the minimum design burial depth of the shallow buried tunnel, the maximum design depth of the deep cut, the maximum design depth of the shallow cut, the maximum design height of the low-fill roadbed, the maximum design height of the high-fill roadbed, the maximum design height of the general bridge, the maximum design height of the high bridge, and the maximum design height of the ultra-high bridge, respectively.
Preferably, in step S4-1, the subclasses of the safety evaluation index include a structural stability index, a risk index of frequent surface disaster damage, and a risk index of earthquake damage, which are calculated as follows:
Structural stability index:
Respectively calculating the stability of the structures of the roadbed, the bridge and the tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the roadbed is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the stability of the structure of the roadbed; /(I)Representing the gradient of the grid; /(I)Representing the elevation difference between the voxels and the ground;
the structural stability expression of the tunnel is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the structural stability of the tunnel; /(I)Representing the surrounding rock grade; /(I)Representing the minimum design burial depth of the shallow buried tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the bridge is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the structural stability of the bridge;
the structural stability index is calculated as follows:
；
Wherein, An index of stability of the structure; /(I)Representing the correction coefficient; /(I)Representing the structural stability of a certain structural object;
the calculation expression of the damage risk index of the frequent surface disaster is as follows:
；
；
；
Wherein, Representing risk indexes of frequent surface disaster damage; /(I)Representing the effect itself; /(I)Representing the ambient environmental impact; /(I)Representing the own information value; /(I)The influence degree of the voxel structure and the frequent earth surface disasters is represented; /(I)A vulnerability weight representing a voxel structure; /(I)Representing movement of the rock mass to the/>Kinetic energy of the grid where the voxels are located; /(I)The kinetic energy of the initial state of the rock-soil body is represented; /(I)Representing the likelihood that any voxel that may have an impact on that voxel will develop into a frequent surface disaster area; /(I)The influence degree of frequent earth surface disasters generated by other voxels is represented; /(I)Representing the ground elevation of the voxel where the rock-soil body is initially located; /(I)Representing movement of the rock mass to the/>Ground elevation corresponding to each voxel; Representing the weight of the rock-soil body;
The calculated expression of the seismic damage risk index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a damage status function,/>Representing moderate injury,/>Indicating severe damage; /(I)Representing a damage probability function; /(I)Representing the seismic intensity measurements; /(I)Representing the injury ratio coefficient.
Preferably, in step S4-1, the subclass of the economic evaluation index includes a deviation degree of construction and maintenance costs and a line short-straight direction, and the calculation method is as follows:
the computational expression of the construction and maintenance costs is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing construction and maintenance costs; /(I)Representing construction costs; /(I)Representing maintenance costs;
the deviation degree calculation expression of the line short straight direction is as follows:
；
；
；
；
Wherein, The deviation degree of the short straight direction of the line is represented; /(I)And/>Respectively representing the abscissa and the ordinate of the line starting point; /(I)And/>Respectively representing an abscissa and an ordinate of the line end point; /(I)And/>Respectively representing the abscissa and the ordinate of any point in the investigation region.
Preferably, in step S4-1, the subclasses of the environmental evaluation index include a soil erosion influence index, a protection area influence index, a noise sensitivity index, a water environment functional area sensitivity index and an ecological productivity sensitivity index, which are calculated as follows:
The calculation expression of the soil erosion influence index is as follows:
；
Wherein, The water and soil loss influence index is represented; /(I)Representing rainfall erosion coefficients; /(I)Representing the erosion coefficient of the soil; /(I)Representing a slope length factor; /(I)Representing a gradient factor; /(I)Representing an overlay management factor; /(I)Representing soil and water conservation measure factors;
the calculation expression of the guard zone influence index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a guard zone impact index; /(I)The structural object damage degree weight is represented; /(I)Representing a protection zone level influence coefficient; /(I)Representing the area of the protection area occupied by the voxels;
The calculated expression of the noise sensitivity index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a noise sensitivity index; /(I)Representing noise impact weights; /(I)The noise disturbing civil risk is represented;
The calculation expression of the sensitivity index of the water environment functional area is as follows:
；
Wherein, The sensitivity index of the water environment functional area is represented; /(I)The influence coefficient of the water environment functional area is represented; /(I)Representing the area of the water environment influence area occupied by the voxels;
the calculated expression of the ecological productivity sensitivity index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing an ecological productivity sensitivity index; /(I)Indicating the sensitivity of different land types.
Preferably, in step S4-2, the calculation expression of the environmental suitability is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the suitability of the environment; /(I)Represents the/>Weights of the individual evaluation indexes; /(I)Represents the/>Dimensionless values of the individual evaluation indices.
Preferably, in step S4-2, the structural stability index, the frequent earth surface disaster damage risk index, the earthquake damage risk index, the construction and maintenance cost, the deviation degree of the line in the short-straight direction, the soil erosion influence index, the protection area influence index, the noise sensitivity index, the water environment functional area sensitivity index and the ecological productivity sensitivity index, which are calculated in step S4-1, are dimensionless and the weight is calculated;
The non-dimensionalized expression is as follows:
；
Wherein, A dimensionless value representing an evaluation index; /(I)Indicating an index value; /(I)Representing the minimum of the index values in the voxels; /(I)Representing the maximum value of the index values in the voxels;
For the first The dimensionless value expression of each evaluation index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Represents the/>Dimensionless values of individual voxels,/>Representing the total number of voxels;
For the first The weight expression of each evaluation index is as follows:
；
；
Wherein, Represents the/>Standard deviation of each evaluation index; /(I)Is an evaluation index/>And/>Linear correlation coefficients between; /(I)Represents an evaluation index/>Dimensionless value of/>Represents an evaluation index/>Dimensionless values of (2); /(I)Representation/>Is the average value of (2); Representation/> Is a mean value of (c).
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the environmental suitability of the voxels is calculated by evaluating the voxel on the basis of no specific line, and a quantitative reference value is provided for subsequent line selection.
(2) According to the invention, a plurality of subclasses of safety evaluation indexes, economic evaluation indexes and environmental protection evaluation indexes are comprehensively considered, and are uniformly considered in the space voxel evaluation possibly passed by a railway, and the suitability of voxels scattered in the whole three-dimensional space for constructing the railway if the railway passes through the space voxel evaluation is analyzed on the basis of no specific line by evaluating the environment suitability of each voxel.
(3) The subclasses of the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index comprise structural stability indexes, frequent earth surface disaster damage risk indexes, earthquake damage risk indexes, construction and maintenance costs, deviation degree of a line in the short-straight direction, water and soil loss influence indexes, protection area influence indexes, noise sensitivity indexes, water environment function area sensitivity indexes and ecological productivity sensitivity indexes, three evaluation indexes of safety, economy and environmental protection are comprehensively considered, comprehensive evaluation is carried out on each evaluation index through not less than two subclasses, finally, the environmental suitability of each voxel is obtained by calculating the weight and dimensionless value of each evaluation index, and the environmental suitability can provide reference and guiding effects for railway line selection.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the invention or of the prior art, the drawings that are used in the description of the embodiments or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being apparent that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for comprehensively evaluating suitability of a route selection environment in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a voxel to structure adaptation diagram in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the calculation of the value of the frequency-generated surface disaster information in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of risk and vulnerability to seismic damage in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for environmental suitability for railway route selection, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1: establishing a three-dimensional geographic comprehensive information model:
Step S1-1: collecting information data for comprehensively evaluating the suitability of the railway route selection environment; the information data comprises topographic information, geological disaster area information, ground cover information and engineering unit price information; the topographic information comprises digital elevation information, gradient information and slope information; the geological information comprises fault information, rock characteristic information and water and soil loss information; the geological disaster area information comprises collapse space distribution information, landslide space distribution information and debris flow disaster space distribution information; the surface covering information comprises vegetation covering information, land type information, river information, protection area information and water environment functional area information; the engineering unit price information includes fill cost information, excavation cost information, bridge engineering cost information, tunnel engineering cost information, roadbed maintenance cost information, bridge maintenance cost information, and tunnel maintenance cost information.
Step S1-2: the investigation region is divided into regular voxels (in this embodiment the size of the voxels is specifically: length=30M, width/>=30M, height/>=1M), and discretizing the information data in the step S1-1 into voxels, and establishing a three-dimensional comprehensive geographic information model;
step S2: the reachable range of the railway line is determined to obtain the reachable range voxel, and the railway line must be set to be tortuous in order to avoid obstacles or overcome the altitude difference of the starting point and the ending point, so in the embodiment, the reachable range of the railway line is determined based on the maximum gradient constraint of the railway line and the maximum limit value of the expansion coefficient.
Specifically, the railway line reach includes a horizontal reach and a vertical reach;
the level reach is determined based on the expansion coefficient and the expansion coefficient maximum limit, and the expression is as follows:
；
；
Wherein, Representing the maximum limit value of the exhibition line coefficient; /(I)Representing the horizontal distance between each horizontal grid and the starting point; Representing the horizontal distance between each horizontal grid and the end point; /(I) Representing the linear distance between the start and end points of each horizontal grid; /(I)Representing the design elevation of the starting point of the horizontal grid; /(I)Representing a horizontal grid endpoint design elevation; /(I)Additional coefficients for taking into account curve and tunnel segment maximum slope reduction are shown.
Specifically, in step S2, the vertical reach is calculated as follows:
；
；
；
Wherein, Representing a vertical reach; /(I)Representing a vertical reachable minimum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid which can be reached through the starting point; /(I)Representing the vertical reachable maximum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the starting point; Representing a vertical reachable minimum value corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid which can be reached through the end point; /(I) Representing a vertical reachable maximum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the end point; /(I)Representing a maximum grade constraint of the railway line; /(I)Representing a horizontal grid starting point design horizontal distance; /(I)Representing the horizontal grid endpoint design horizontal distance.
Step S3: matching the reachable range voxels with the railway line structure;
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, according to the height difference of the voxels corresponding to the ground and the limit height of the railway line structure, the reachable range voxels are divided into areas, and the voxels and the railway line structure corresponding to the ground are matched; the region bit division divides the voxels into nine large threshold regions, and specific division parameters are the minimum design burial depth of the deep buried tunnel, the minimum design burial depth of the shallow buried tunnel, the maximum design depth of the deep cutting, the maximum design depth of the shallow cutting, the maximum design height of the low-filling roadbed, the maximum design height of the high-filling roadbed, the maximum design height of a general bridge, the maximum design height of the high bridge and the maximum design height of the ultrahigh bridge.
Step S4: calculating the environment suitability of voxels, wherein the environment suitability comprises a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index;
Step S4-1: calculating a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index; the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index respectively comprise at least two subclasses;
Step S4-2: and comprehensively considering each subclass of the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index, carrying out dimensionless treatment, determining the target weight of each subclass, and calculating the environmental suitability of each voxel.
Specifically, in step S4-1, the subclasses of the safety evaluation index include a structural stability index, a risk index of frequent surface disaster damage, and a risk index of earthquake damage, which are calculated as follows:
Structural stability index:
Respectively calculating the stability of the structures of the roadbed, the bridge and the tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the roadbed is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the stability of the structure of the roadbed; /(I)Representing the gradient of the grid; /(I)Representing the elevation difference between the voxels and the ground;
the structural stability expression of the tunnel is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the structural stability of the tunnel; /(I)Representing the surrounding rock grade; /(I)Representing the minimum design burial depth of the shallow buried tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the bridge is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the structural stability of the bridge;
the structural stability index is calculated as follows:
；
Wherein, An index of stability of the structure; /(I)Representing the correction coefficient; /(I)Representing the structural stability of a certain structural object;
the structural stability classification in this example is distinguished by structural species.
TABLE 1 stability classification table for structures
As shown in table 1, the present embodiment uses the initial vulnerability weight inverse ranking metric to represent the correction factor of the structure stability, and normalizes the stability.
Further, in this embodiment, the investigation region is divided into three sub-regions of burst region (O region), buffer region (B region) and fuzzy region (F region) for the risk of frequent earth surface disaster damage. In order to unify evaluation indexes, the embodiment references a risk formulaAnd (3) performing calculation:
；
Wherein, Representing the probability of a potentially damaging event occurring within a given time period, a given area, and a given magnitude; /(I)Representing the (potential) results generated after the event has occurred; /(I)Representing the vulnerability of the element at risk.
The occurrence of collapse, landslide, debris flow is affected by a number of factors. In this study, environmental factors included altitude, grade angle, slope direction, normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, distance from river, distance from fault, and lithology. The basic information of these environmental factors is shown in table 2. In addition, the influence degree of different factors on collapse, landslide and debris flow is different, and information value can be used) To measure; /(I)The larger the factor, the greater the degree of influence of the factor on the occurrence of collapse, landslide, and debris flow disasters.
TABLE 2 basic information of environmental factors in information value model
In this embodiment, the area of the frequent surface disasters (collapse, landslide, debris flow) is used as a parameter of the information value,(Factor/>(1 /)Individual subclasses) is calculated as follows, the flow is shown in fig. 3:
；
Wherein, Representing subclasses/>(Km 2) area of frequency-induced surface disasters; /(I)Representing the total area of the surface disaster in the investigation region (km 2); /(I)Is a factor/>(Km 2) total area; /(I)The total area of the area under investigation (km 2) is indicated.
Based on the risk formula, the embodiment adopts the information value @ in the embodiment) To describe the likelihood of voxels developing into frequent surface disaster areas; the degree of influence of the frequent surface disaster on the structure is represented by the frequent surface disaster risk level (/ >)) Specific classification criteria are shown in Table 3; vulnerability of a structure of voxels is represented by its vulnerability weight (/ >)) The classification was performed according to the structure, and the details are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 disaster influence factors and corresponding grades
As shown in Table 4, gravelius indexes [ (]) Is often used as an index for evaluating the risk value of the damage of the debris flow, which represents the ratio of the boundary length of the debris flow to the circumference of a circle equal to the area of the debris flow, generally,/>The closer to 1, the greater its peak flow.
；
Wherein,Representing the perimeter of the debris flow,/>Representing the debris flow area.
After determining the influence factors and the grades thereof for different geological disaster classification types, determining the influence degree of frequent surface disasters according to the grade range of different factors of each geological disaster by using the following formula：
；
Wherein,Respectively representing grading values of landslide, collapse and debris flow geological disaster influencing factors; and respectively representing the weight values of landslide, collapse and debris flow geological disaster influencing factors.
TABLE 4 structural vulnerability weight classification
Any voxels in space are communities, independent of each other and influence each other, and all the voxels possibly develop into O, B areas, but the probabilities are different. Based on this, the risk index of the frequent surface disaster is divided into two parts, namely, self influence and surrounding environment influence.
The calculation expression of the damage risk index of the surface disaster is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing risk indexes of frequent surface disaster damage; /(I)Representing the effect itself; /(I)Representing the ambient environmental impact.
Further, the present embodiment adopts, for self-influence, thatThe magnitude of the value describes the probability of developing into a frequent earth surface disaster area, and the product of the influence degree of the frequent earth surface disaster and the vulnerability weight of the voxel structure represents the self influence of the risk of the frequent earth surface disaster on the voxel, and the calculation expression of the self influence is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the own information value; /(I)The influence degree of the voxel structure and the frequent earth surface disasters is represented; /(I)The vulnerability weight of the voxel structure is represented.
Further, for the surrounding environment influence, calculating the sum of the magnitude of the damage generated when any voxel in the space possibly generates frequent earth surface disaster influence on the target voxel burst collapse, landslide and debris flow, and referring to the previous research, adopting geological disaster energy and gradient model analysis, wherein the expression of the surrounding environment influence is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing movement of the rock mass to the/>Kinetic energy of the grid where the voxels are located; /(I)The kinetic energy of the initial state of the rock-soil body is represented; /(I)Representing the likelihood that any voxel that may have an impact on that voxel will develop into a frequent surface disaster area; /(I)The influence degree of frequent earth surface disasters generated by other voxels is represented; /(I)Representing the ground elevation of the voxel where the rock-soil body is initially located; /(I)Representing movement of the rock mass to the/>Ground elevation corresponding to each voxel; /(I)Representing the weight of the rock-soil body. /(I)
Further, as shown in fig. 4, for the seismic damage risk index, the embodiment calculates the seismic risk of the voxel by using the structural damage probability as the seismic damage risk index based on the existing railway line shape optimization probability risk analysis model. The calculation expression of the earthquake damage risk index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a damage status function,/>Representing moderate injury,/>Indicating severe damage; /(I)Representing a damage probability function; /(I)Representing the seismic intensity measurements, in this example/>Preferably using peak ground acceleration；/>The damage ratio is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 structural damage ratio coefficient
Specifically, in step S4-1, the subclass of the economic evaluation index includes the construction and maintenance costs and the deviation degree of the line in the short-straight direction, and the calculation method is as follows:
the computational expression of the construction and maintenance costs is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing construction and maintenance costs; /(I)Representing construction costs; /(I)Indicating maintenance costs.
The construction cost and maintenance cost in this embodiment can be calculated with reference to the construction cost, and will not be described in detail here. The construction cost and maintenance cost classifications of the structures applied in this example are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 construction cost and maintenance cost Classification Table for Structure
Wherein,And/>The unit length cost of the shallow tunnel and the unit length cost of the deep tunnel are respectively represented; /(I)Representing annual maintenance costs per unit length during bridge operation; /(I)And/>The unit length cost of a general bridge and an ultrahigh bridge is respectively represented; /(I)Representing the design service life of the structure; /(I)Representing the grid width; /(I)Representing the unit cost of the filling and excavating party; /(I)Representing the fill volume.
The deviation degree calculation expression of the line short straight direction is as follows:
；
；
；
；
Wherein, The deviation degree of the short straight direction of the line is represented; /(I)And/>Respectively representing the abscissa and the ordinate of the line starting point; /(I)And/>Respectively representing an abscissa and an ordinate of the line end point; /(I)And/>Respectively representing the abscissa and the ordinate of any point in the investigation region.
Specifically, in step S4-1, the subclasses of the environmental evaluation index include a soil erosion influence index, a protection area influence index, a noise sensitivity index, a water environment functional area sensitivity index and an ecological productivity sensitivity index, and the calculation method is as follows:
in this embodiment, the soil erosion influence index is calculated by using an existing soil erosion calculation model, and the calculation expression of the soil erosion influence index is as follows:
；
Wherein, The water and soil loss influence index is represented; /(I)Representing rainfall erosion coefficients; /(I)Representing the erosion coefficient of the soil; /(I)Representing a slope length factor; /(I)Representing a gradient factor; /(I)Representing an overlay management factor; /(I)Representing soil and water conservation measure factors; /(I)
Further, the calculation expression of the guard zone influence index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a guard zone impact index; /(I)Representing the protection zone level influence coefficients, as shown in table 7; /(I)The structural damage degree weight is shown in table 8; /(I)Representing the area of the guard area occupied by the voxel.
TABLE 7 protection zone level influence coefficient Table
TABLE 8 damage degree weight of structures to protected areas
Further, in this embodiment, the magnitude of the noise generated by the railway and the boundary noise emission limit value of the functional area are classified and summarized to obtain a noise disturbance risk evaluation table as shown in table 9.
Table 9 noise disturbing people risk evaluation table
Wherein, the class 0 standard is suitable for areas which particularly need to be calm, such as sanitarian areas, advanced villa areas, advanced hotel areas and the like, and the class areas positioned in suburbs and villages are respectively executed according to the class be strict with standard of 5 dB;
the class 1 standard is suitable for areas mainly used by living and religious institutions, and the rural living environment can refer to the implementation of the class standard;
Class 2 standards are applicable to residential, commercial, and industrial promiscuous areas;
class 3 standards are applicable to industrial areas.
In the environmental suitability evaluation stage, the present embodiment calculates the noise sensitivity index by making a macroscopic estimate of the propagation range of noise and its size. The calculated expression of the noise sensitivity index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing a noise sensitivity index; /(I)Representing noise impact weights; /(I)The noise disturbing civil risk is represented;
further, the calculation expression of the sensitivity index of the water environment functional area is as follows:
；
Wherein, The sensitivity index of the water environment functional area is represented; /(I)The influence coefficients of the water environment functional areas are shown in table 10; /(I)Representing the area of the water environment influence area occupied by the voxels.
Table 10 coefficient of influence of Water environmental functional area
Further, the calculated expression of the ecological productivity sensitivity index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing an ecological productivity sensitivity index; as defined in table 8; /(I)The sensitivity of the different land types is shown in table 11.
TABLE 11 ecological productivity sensitivity of lands
Specifically, in step S4-2, the calculation expression of the environment suitability is as follows:
；
Wherein, Representing the suitability of the environment; /(I)Represents the/>Weights of the individual evaluation indexes; /(I)Represents the/>Dimensionless values of the individual evaluation indices.
Specifically, in step S4-2, the structural stability index, the frequent earth surface disaster damage risk index, the earthquake damage risk index, the construction and maintenance cost, the deviation degree of the line in the short-straight direction, the soil erosion influence index, the protection area influence index, the noise sensitivity index, the water environment functional area sensitivity index and the ecological productivity sensitivity index, which are calculated in step S4-1, are dimensionless and the weight is calculated;
The non-dimensionalized expression is as follows:
；
Wherein, A dimensionless value representing an evaluation index; /(I)Indicating an index value; /(I)Representing the minimum of the index values in the voxels; /(I)Representing the maximum value of the index values in the voxels; /(I)
For the firstThe dimensionless value expression of each evaluation index is as follows:
；
Wherein, Represents the/>Dimensionless values of individual voxels,/>Representing the total number of voxels;
For the first The weight expression of each evaluation index is as follows:
；
；
Wherein, Represents the/>Standard deviation of each evaluation index; /(I)Is an evaluation index/>And/>Linear correlation coefficients between; /(I)Represents an evaluation index/>Dimensionless value of/>Represents an evaluation index/>Dimensionless values of (2); /(I)Representation/>Is the average value of (2); Representation/> Is a mean value of (c).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The comprehensive evaluation method for the environment suitability of railway route selection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1: establishing a three-dimensional geographic comprehensive information model:
Step S1-1: collecting information data for comprehensively evaluating the suitability of the railway route selection environment;
step S1-2: dividing a research area into a plurality of voxels, dispersing the information data in the step S1-1 into the voxels, and establishing a three-dimensional comprehensive geographic information model;
step S2: determining the reachable range of the railway line, specifically determining the reachable range of the railway line based on the maximum gradient constraint and the maximum limit value of the line expansion coefficient of the railway line, and obtaining a reachable range voxel;
step S3: matching the reachable range voxels with the railway line structure;
According to the height difference of the voxels corresponding to the ground and the limit height of the railway line structure, dividing the reachable range voxels into areas, and matching the voxels with the railway line structure corresponding to the ground;
step S4: calculating the environment suitability of voxels, wherein the environment suitability comprises a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index;
Step S4-1: calculating a safety evaluation index, an economic evaluation index and an environmental protection evaluation index; the subclasses of the safety evaluation indexes comprise structural stability indexes, frequent surface disaster damage risk indexes and earthquake damage risk indexes; the subclasses of the economic evaluation indexes comprise construction and maintenance cost and deviation degree of the short-straight direction of the line; the subclasses of the environment-friendly evaluation index comprise water and soil loss influence indexes, protection area influence indexes, noise sensitivity indexes, water environment functional area sensitivity indexes and ecological productivity sensitivity indexes, and the computing mode is as follows:
The calculation expression of the soil erosion influence index is as follows:
Fa＝R'·K·L·S·C'·P；
Wherein F a represents a water and soil loss influence index; r' represents a rainfall erosion coefficient; k represents a soil erosion coefficient; l represents a slope length factor; s represents a gradient factor; c' represents an overlay management factor; p represents a soil and water conservation measure factor;
the calculation expression of the guard zone influence index is as follows:
Fn＝ωn·In·Sn；
Wherein F n represents a guard region impact index; omega n represents the structural disruption degree weight; i n denotes a guard zone level influence coefficient; s n represents the area of the protection area occupied by the voxels;
The calculated expression of the noise sensitivity index is as follows:
Fnoise＝∑ωnoise·Pnoise；
Wherein F noise represents a noise sensitivity index; omega noise represents noise impact weight; p noise represents the noise disturbance risk;
The calculation expression of the sensitivity index of the water environment functional area is as follows:
Fw＝Iw·Sw；
Wherein F w represents the sensitivity index of the water environment functional area; i w represents the influence coefficient of the water environment functional area; s w represents the area of the water environment influence area occupied by the voxels;
the calculated expression of the ecological productivity sensitivity index is as follows:
Feco＝Seco·ωn；
Wherein F eco represents an ecological productivity sensitivity index; s eco represents the sensitivity of different land types;
Step S4-2: and comprehensively considering each subclass of the safety evaluation index, the economic evaluation index and the environmental protection evaluation index, carrying out dimensionless treatment, determining the target weight of each subclass, and calculating the environmental suitability of each voxel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1-1, the information data includes topographic information, geological disaster area information, surface covering information, and engineering unit price information; the topographic information comprises digital elevation information, gradient information and slope information; the geological information comprises fault information, rock characteristic information and water and soil loss information; the geological disaster area information comprises collapse space distribution information, landslide space distribution information and debris flow disaster space distribution information; the surface covering information comprises vegetation covering information, land type information, river information, protection area information and water environment functional area information; the engineering unit price information includes fill cost information, excavation cost information, bridge engineering cost information, tunnel engineering cost information, roadbed maintenance cost information, bridge maintenance cost information, and tunnel maintenance cost information.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the railroad line reach includes a horizontal reach and a vertical reach;
the level reach is determined based on the expansion coefficient and the expansion coefficient maximum limit, and the expression is as follows:
Wherein, gamma max represents the maximum limit value of the expansion coefficient; d S denotes the horizontal distance from each horizontal grid to the start point; d E denotes the horizontal distance of each horizontal grid from the endpoint; d SE denotes the linear distance between the start and end of each horizontal grid; h S denotes the horizontal grid starting point design elevation; h E denotes the horizontal grid endpoint design elevation; epsilon represents an additional factor for taking into account curve and tunnel segment maximum slope reduction; g max represents the maximum grade constraint of the railway line.
4. The method for comprehensively evaluating environmental suitability according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the vertical reach is calculated as follows:
Ω＝(hsmin,hsmax)∩(hemin,hemax)；
Wherein Ω represents a vertical reach; h smin represents the vertical reachable minimum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the starting point; h smax represents the vertical reachable maximum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the starting point; h emin represents the vertical reachable minimum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the end point; h emax represents the vertical reachable maximum corresponding to the corresponding horizontal grid through the endpoint; l S represents the horizontal grid start point design horizontal distance; l E denotes the horizontal grid end point design horizontal distance.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, the zoning division divides the voxels into nine large threshold regions, and the specific division parameters are minimum design depth of the deep tunnel, minimum design depth of the shallow tunnel, maximum design depth of the deep cutting, maximum design depth of the shallow cutting, maximum design height of the low-fill roadbed, maximum design height of the high-fill roadbed, maximum design height of the general bridge, maximum design height of the high bridge, and maximum design height of the ultra-high bridge, respectively.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S4-1, the subclasses of the safety evaluation index include a structural stability index, a risk index of frequent surface disaster damage, and a risk index of earthquake damage, which are calculated as follows:
Structural stability index:
Respectively calculating the stability of the structures of the roadbed, the bridge and the tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the roadbed is as follows:
wherein F sr represents the structural stability of the roadbed; beta represents the mesh grade; Δh represents the voxel to ground elevation difference;
the structural stability expression of the tunnel is as follows:
Wherein F st represents the structure stability of the tunnel; r represents the surrounding rock grade; d sn represents the minimum design burial depth of the shallow buried tunnel;
the structural stability expression of the bridge is as follows:
wherein F sb represents the structural stability of the bridge;
the structural stability index is calculated as follows:
Fstability＝σ·Fs(·)；
Wherein F stability represents a structural stability index; sigma represents a correction coefficient; f s(·) represents the structural stability of a certain structural object;
the calculation expression of the damage risk index of the frequent surface disaster is as follows:
Fl＝INFself+INFsurround；
INFself＝IVself·Sself·Vself；
Wherein, F l represents a frequent surface disaster damage risk index; INF self denotes self-influence; INF surround denotes the ambient environmental impact; IV self represents the own information value; s self represents the influence degree of the voxel structure and the frequent surface disasters; v self denotes the vulnerability weight of the voxel structure; e n represents the kinetic energy of the rock-soil body when moving to the grid where the nth voxel is located; e 0 represents the kinetic energy of the initial state of the rock-soil body; IV 0 indicates the likelihood that any voxel that may have an impact on that voxel will develop into a frequent surface disaster area; s 0 represents the influence degree of frequent surface disasters generated by other voxels; h 0 represents the ground elevation of the voxel where the rock-soil body is initially located; h n represents the ground elevation to which the rock-soil body moves to correspond to the nth voxel; mg represents the weight of the rock-soil mass;
The calculated expression of the seismic damage risk index is as follows:
Wherein DS i represents a damage status function, i=1 represents moderate damage, i=2 represents severe damage; p f denotes the damage probability function; IM represents the seismic intensity measurement; t represents the damage ratio coefficient.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S4-1, the subclass of the economic evaluation index includes a construction and maintenance cost and a deviation degree in a line short-straight direction, and the calculation method is as follows:
the computational expression of the construction and maintenance costs is as follows:
Ffee＝Ffee,C(·)+Ffee,M(·)；
Wherein F fee represents construction and maintenance costs; f fee,C(·) represents construction cost; f fee,M(·) represents maintenance costs;
the deviation degree calculation expression of the line short straight direction is as follows:
A＝yE-yS；
B＝xS-xE；
C＝xE·yS-xS·yE；
Wherein F d represents the deviation degree of the short straight direction of the line; x S and y S represent the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of the line start; x E and y E represent the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of the line end point; x p and y p represent the abscissa and the ordinate, respectively, of any point within the investigation region.
8. The method for comprehensively evaluating environmental suitability according to claim 7, wherein in step S4-2, the calculation expression of the environmental suitability is as follows:
wherein V ES represents environmental suitability; e i represents the weight of the i-th evaluation index; x' i represents the dimensionless value of the ith evaluation index.
9. The method for comprehensively evaluating environmental suitability according to claim 8, wherein in step S4-2, the structural stability index, the risk index of frequent surface disaster damage, the risk index of earthquake damage, the construction and maintenance costs, the deviation of the line in the short-straight direction, the soil erosion influence index, the protection area influence index, the noise sensitivity index, the sensitivity index of the water environment functional area and the sensitivity index of the ecological productivity index calculated in step S4-1 are dimensionless and the weight is calculated;
The non-dimensionalized expression is as follows:
Wherein x' represents a dimensionless value of the evaluation index; x represents an index value; x min represents the minimum of the index values in the voxels; x max represents the maximum value in the index number in a voxel;
The dimensionless value expression for the i-th evaluation index is as follows:
x'i＝(x'i(1),x'i(2),…,x'i(n))；
wherein x' i (n) represents a dimensionless value of the nth voxel, n represents a total number of voxels;
the weight expression for the i-th evaluation index is as follows:
Wherein σ i represents the standard deviation of the i-th evaluation index; r ik is the linear correlation coefficient between the evaluation indexes i and k; x 'i represents the dimensionless value of the evaluation index i, and x' k represents the dimensionless value of the evaluation index k; Represents the mean of x' i; /(I) Representation/>Is a mean value of (c).
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