CN117722149A - Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device - Google Patents
Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117722149A CN117722149A CN202311357665.3A CN202311357665A CN117722149A CN 117722149 A CN117722149 A CN 117722149A CN 202311357665 A CN202311357665 A CN 202311357665A CN 117722149 A CN117722149 A CN 117722149A
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- bypass hole
- bypass
- hole
- motor rotor
- water passing
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008261 resistance mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the fields of petroleum and natural gas drilling, coal bed gas drilling, geological exploration, mine drilling and the like, in particular to a hydraulic sliding resistance variable device, which comprises: the variable resistance device comprises an outer shell, wherein a variable resistance mechanism is installed in an inner cavity of the outer shell and comprises a throttling nozzle, an output shaft, a flow dividing valve, a motor stator, a motor rotor, a bypass hole a, a water passing connector, a bypass hole b, a compression ring, a spring device, a universal shaft, a central hole, an oscillating cavity, a bypass hole c and a bypass hole d. After part of high-pressure drilling fluid enters the motor stator and the motor rotor, the water passing joint is driven to rotate through the universal shaft, when the bypass hole c is communicated with the bypass hole d, the drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity through the bypass hole b, the central hole, the bypass hole c and the bypass hole d, the equipment generates pulsating axial vibration along with the continuous rotation of the water passing joint driven by the motor rotor, and then the drilling tool assembly is driven to form axial vibration, so that static friction resistance between the drilling tool assembly and a well wall is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of petroleum and natural gas drilling, coal bed gas drilling, geological exploration, mine drilling and the like, in particular to a hydraulic sliding resistance variable device.
Background
The exploration industry in China rapidly develops in recent years, underground mineral products in China are abundant, more and more mineral resources are found, so that the exploration and development of unconventional oil gas resources and shale oil gas resources in China rapidly develop, the wells with complex structures such as long horizontal section horizontal wells and large displacement wells are more and more, the phenomena of pressure supporting and sticking easily occur because the drill string is laid down at the bottom of the well due to the large length and the large overall weight of the drill string in the well drilling process, particularly in the sliding drilling process, the drill string and the rock of the well wall are in a relatively static state, the drill string lowering resistance is increased, the weight on bit applied to a drill bit is reduced, the weight on bit transmission efficiency is seriously influenced, the mechanical drilling speed is possibly low, the drilling time is prolonged, the drilling cost is increased, and the drilling time of the long horizontal well and the large displacement well is restricted.
The hydraulic oscillating tools used at present are divided into screw type and turbine type, the screw type and turbine type oscillators are widely applied and achieve a certain use effect, but the two types of oscillators adopt the working principle that the flow cross section area of drilling fluid is changed to generate pulsating water hammer pressure waves, the method ensures that the oscillating tools are high in self pressure consumption, and the ground machine pump equipment is in a high-load state for a long time, so that the safety and the stability of the equipment are not facilitated.
For this purpose, we propose a hydraulic sliding varistor device to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a hydraulic sliding resistance variable device, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a hydraulic slide varistor apparatus comprising: the variable resistance device comprises an outer shell, a variable resistance mechanism is arranged in an inner cavity of the outer shell and comprises a throttling nozzle, an output shaft, a flow dividing valve, a motor stator, a motor rotor, a bypass hole a, a water passing connector, a bypass hole b, a compression ring, a spring device, a universal shaft, a central hole, an oscillating cavity, a bypass hole c and a bypass hole d, wherein the motor stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer shell, the motor stator and the motor rotor form a hydraulic assembly, the bypass hole a is arranged at the lower part of the motor rotor, the flow dividing valve is arranged above the motor rotor, the universal shaft is arranged between the motor rotor and the water passing connector, the bypass hole b is arranged above the water passing connector, the bypass hole c is arranged below the water passing connector and is connected with the outer shell through the central hole, the bypass hole d is arranged above the output shaft, an oscillating cavity is formed between the output shaft and the outer shell, the throttling nozzle is arranged on the right side of the top of the outer shell, the throttling nozzle is communicated with the oscillating cavity, the hydraulic assembly is arranged between the outer shell and the output shaft, the motor stator and the motor rotor are in a turbine structure.
In a further embodiment, the motor stator and the motor rotor adopt a single-head screw structure or a multi-head screw structure, a sealing gasket is arranged between the flow dividing valve and the motor rotor, the sealing gasket is made of rubber, and spline pairs are processed at the bottom of the outer shell and the bottom of the output shaft.
In a further embodiment, a sealing gasket is arranged between the bottom of the outer shell and the output shaft, the sealing gasket is made of stainless steel, and the bypass holes a are uniformly distributed below the motor rotor.
In a further embodiment, the bypass holes b are uniformly distributed above the water passing joint, and the bypass holes c are uniformly distributed below the water passing joint.
In a further embodiment, the bypass holes d are uniformly distributed above the output shaft, the bypass holes c are in a structure with small inside and large outside, one end of each bypass hole c with a smaller diameter is communicated with the central hole, and one end of each bypass hole with a larger diameter is communicated with the bypass hole d.
In a further embodiment, the bypass hole b has a structure with a small inside and a large outside, and the small diameter hole communicates with the oscillation cavity, and the large diameter hole communicates with the bypass hole c.
In a further embodiment, the left side of the outer housing is an upper end and is an input port, the right side of the output shaft is a lower end and is an output port, and the outer housing comprises a substrate layer.
In a further embodiment, the top of the substrate layer is provided with a high speed steel layer, the bottom of the substrate layer is provided with an integral cemented carbide layer, and the thickness of the high speed steel layer is consistent with the thickness of the integral cemented carbide layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, after part of high-pressure drilling fluid enters a motor stator and a motor rotor, the motor rotor is driven to rotate, a water passing joint is driven to rotate through a universal shaft, when a bypass hole c is communicated with a bypass hole d, the drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of an oscillating cavity through a bypass hole b, a central hole, the bypass hole c and the bypass hole d, under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid, an outer shell and an output shaft respectively move towards two ends, under the action of a compression ring, a spring device compresses and stores energy, and as the water passing joint continues to rotate, when the bypass hole c is not communicated with the bypass hole d, no high-pressure drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity, the spring device resets and discharges the drilling fluid in the oscillating cavity through a throttling nozzle, the outer shell and the output shaft respectively move to be restored to an initial state, at the moment, a vibration process is completed, and as the motor rotor drives the water passing joint to continuously rotate, the process is repeated continuously, so that the equipment generates pulsating axial vibration, and further the drilling tool combination is driven to form axial vibration, and the static friction resistance between the drilling tool combination and a well wall is reduced.
In the second aspect, the high-speed steel layer arranged on the top of the substrate layer has very excellent corrosion and wear resistance, and the integral hard alloy layer arranged on the bottom of the substrate layer also has very excellent corrosion and wear resistance, because the outer shell is often required to be in a dark and moist environment, the service life of the equipment is greatly prolonged because the two high-strength metals are used as manufacturing materials of the outer shell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic slide rheostatic assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall outer surface structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1A according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bypass hole a according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bypass hole b according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bypass hole c according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the output shaft of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the bypass hole d according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an outer housing; 101. a base layer; 102. a high-speed steel layer; 103. an integral hard alloy layer; 2. an input port; 3. an output port; 4. a resistance changing mechanism; 401. a throttle nozzle; 402. an output shaft; 403. a diverter valve; 404. a motor stator; 405. a motor rotor; 406. a bypass hole a; 407. a water passing joint; 408. a bypass hole b; 409. a compression ring; 410. a spring device; 411. a universal shaft; 412. a central bore; 413. an oscillation cavity; 414. a bypass hole c; 415. and a bypass hole d.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, in an embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic sliding resistor-changing device includes: the variable resistance mechanism 4 is installed in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1, the variable resistance mechanism 4 comprises a throttling nozzle 401, an output shaft 402, a flow dividing valve, a motor stator 404, a motor rotor 405, a bypass hole a406, a water passing connector 407, a bypass hole b408, a pressing ring 409, a spring device 410, a universal shaft 411, a central hole 412, an oscillating cavity 413, a bypass hole c414 and a bypass hole d415, the motor stator 404 is installed in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1, the motor stator 404 and the motor rotor 405 form a hydraulic assembly, the bypass hole a406 is formed in the lower portion of the motor rotor 405, the flow dividing valve is installed above the motor rotor 405, the universal shaft 411 is installed between the motor rotor 405 and the water passing connector 407, the bypass hole b408 is formed above the water passing connector 407, the bypass hole c414 is formed below the water passing connector 407 and is connected through the central hole 412, the bypass hole d415 is opened above the output shaft 402, the oscillating cavity 413 is formed between the output shaft 402 and the outer shell 1, the throttling nozzle 401 is communicated with the oscillating cavity 413, the motor stator and the motor stator 405 are installed between the outer shell 1 and the output shaft 402, the motor stator 405 and the motor rotor 405 are in a single screw structure or a multi-screw structure 404 is adopted.
Specifically, a sealing gasket is disposed between the diverter valve and the motor rotor 405, and the sealing gasket is made of rubber, and a spline pair is machined at the bottom of the outer housing 1 and the bottom of the output shaft 402.
Specifically, a sealing gasket is disposed between the bottom of the outer casing 1 and the output shaft 402, and the sealing gasket is made of stainless steel, and bypass holes a406 are uniformly distributed below the motor rotor 405.
Specifically, the bypass holes b408 are uniformly distributed above the water passing connector 407, and the bypass holes c414 are uniformly distributed below the water passing connector 407.
Specifically, the bypass holes d415 are uniformly distributed above the output shaft 402, the bypass hole c414 adopts a structure with a smaller inside and a larger outside, one end of the bypass hole c414 with a smaller diameter is communicated with the central hole 412, and one end of the bypass hole c414 with a larger diameter is communicated with the bypass hole d 415.
Specifically, the bypass hole b408 has a structure of small inside and large outside, and the small diameter hole communicates with the oscillation chamber 413, and the large diameter hole communicates with the bypass hole c 414.
In the invention, after part of high-pressure drilling fluid enters the motor stator 404 and the motor rotor 405, the motor rotor 405 is driven to rotate, the water passing joint 407 is driven to rotate through the universal shaft 411, when the bypass hole c414 is communicated with the bypass hole d415, the drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity 413 through the bypass hole b408, the central hole 412, the bypass hole c414 and the bypass hole d415, under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid, the outer shell 1 and the output shaft 402 respectively move towards two ends, under the action of the compression ring 409, the spring device 410 compresses and stores energy, and as the water passing joint 407 continues to rotate, when the bypass hole c414 is not communicated with the bypass hole d415, no high-pressure drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity 413, the spring device 410 resets and discharges the drilling fluid in the oscillating cavity 413 through the throttling nozzle 401, the outer shell 1 and the output shaft 402 respectively move to the initial state, at the moment, a vibration process is completed, and as the motor rotor 405 drives the water passing joint 407 to continuously rotate, the process is continuously repeated, so that the device generates pulsating axial vibration, and further drives the drilling tool assembly to form axial vibration, thereby reducing the static friction resistance between the drilling tool assembly and the well wall.
Specifically, the left side of the outer housing 1 is the upper end and is the input port 2, and the right side of the output shaft 402 is the lower end and is the output port 3, and the outer housing 1 includes the base layer 101.
Specifically, the top of the base layer 101 is provided with a high-speed steel layer 102, and the bottom of the base layer 101 is provided with an integral cemented carbide layer 103, and the thickness of the high-speed steel layer 102 is consistent with the thickness of the integral cemented carbide layer 103.
In the present invention, the high-speed steel layer 102 provided on top of the base layer 101 has very excellent corrosion and wear resistance, and the integral cemented carbide layer 103 provided on the bottom of the base layer 101 also has very excellent corrosion and wear resistance, because the outer casing 1 is often required to be in a dark and moist environment, and the service life of the apparatus is greatly increased because the above two high-strength metals are used as the manufacturing materials of the outer casing 1.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: in the drilling process, the drilling tool structure is installed according to the requirement, after part of high-pressure drilling fluid enters the motor stator 404 and the motor rotor 405, the motor rotor 405 is driven to rotate, the universal shaft 411 drives the water passing joint 407 to rotate, when the bypass hole c414 is communicated with the bypass hole d415, drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity 413 through the bypass hole b408, the central hole 412, the bypass hole c414 and the bypass hole d415, under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid, the outer shell 1 and the output shaft 402 move towards two ends respectively, under the action of the pressure ring 409, the spring device 410 compresses and stores energy, as the water passing joint 407 continuously rotates, when the bypass hole c414 is not communicated with the bypass hole d415, no high-pressure drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the oscillating cavity 413, the spring device 410 resets and discharges the drilling fluid in the oscillating cavity 413 through the throttling nozzle 401, at this time, the outer shell 1 and the output shaft 402 are respectively moved to be restored to an initial state, as the motor rotor 405 drives the water passing joint 407 to continuously rotate, the process is repeated continuously, equipment generates the axial direction of the pulsatility, and further, the frequency of the combined drilling fluid is driven to enter the drilling tool is reduced, the drilling fluid is directly fed into the drilling fluid in the drilling tool structure through the bypass hole 405, the valve assembly, the high-side valve is directly connected with the high-speed of the bypass hole 405, the high-pressure drilling fluid is directly enters the drilling fluid in the drilling well cavity 405, and the drilling well cavity, and the high-speed is directly enters the drilling valve assembly, and the drilling well cavity, and the valve is directly, and the high-speed part of the drilling device, and the high-speed is directly, and the drilling fluid is directly connected with the drilling well, and the drilling valve, and the valve is directly, and has the high-speed, and the high-speed side is directly, and the drilling device, and has high-speed, and can. The vibration force amplitude and the vibration frequency of the equipment can be regulated by only replacing the throttling nozzle 401 with corresponding parameters when the vibration force amplitude of the equipment is required to be changed, the equipment can regulate the vibration force amplitude and the vibration frequency according to the field technical requirement, the control mode is flexible, the working pressure consumption is low, the load of a ground machine pump is reduced, the vibration drag reduction effect can be generated when the equipment works, the application range of the equipment can be further enlarged by inputting the parameters such as the flow dividing valve, the vibration frequency is modulated according to the field working condition, the field test effect is obvious, and the device plays an important role in accelerating the well drilling of the complex structure.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device is characterized by comprising: the variable resistance device comprises an outer shell body (1), a variable resistance mechanism (4) is arranged in an inner cavity of the outer shell body (1), the variable resistance mechanism (4) comprises a throttling nozzle (401), an output shaft (402), a flow dividing valve, a motor stator (404), a motor rotor (405), a bypass hole a (406), a water passing joint (407), a bypass hole b (408), a compression ring (409), a spring device (410), a universal shaft (411), a central hole (412), an oscillating cavity (413), a bypass hole c (414) and a bypass hole d (415), the motor stator (404) is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer shell body (1), the motor stator (404) and the motor rotor (405) form a hydraulic assembly, the lower part of the motor rotor (405) is provided with the bypass hole a (406), the flow dividing valve is arranged above the motor rotor (405), the universal shaft (411) is arranged between the motor rotor (405) and the water passing joint (407), the bypass hole b (408) is arranged above the water passing joint (407), the lower part of the water passing joint (407) is provided with the through hole c (412) and is connected with the output shaft (402) through the bypass hole (402), the right side at the top of the outer shell (1) is provided with a throttling nozzle (401), the throttling nozzle (401) is communicated with the oscillating cavity (413), a compression ring (409) and a spring device (410) are arranged between the outer shell (1) and the output shaft (402), and the motor stator (404) and the motor rotor (405) are of turbine structures.
2. The hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device according to claim 1, wherein the motor stator (404) and the motor rotor (405) adopt a single-head screw structure or a multi-head screw structure, a sealing gasket is arranged between the flow dividing valve and the motor rotor (405), the sealing gasket is made of rubber, and spline pairs are machined at the bottom of the outer shell (1) and the bottom of the output shaft (402).
3. The hydraulic sliding resistance variable device according to claim 1, wherein a sealing gasket is arranged between the bottom of the outer housing (1) and the output shaft (402), the sealing gasket is made of stainless steel, and the bypass holes a (406) are uniformly distributed below the motor rotor (405).
4. The hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device according to claim 1, wherein the bypass holes b (408) are uniformly distributed above the water passing joint (407), and the bypass holes c (414) are uniformly distributed below the water passing joint (407).
5. The hydraulic sliding resistance variable device according to claim 1, wherein the bypass holes d (415) are uniformly distributed above the output shaft (402), the bypass holes c (414) are of a structure with small inside and large outside, one end of the bypass holes c (414) with small diameter is communicated with the central hole (412), and one end of the bypass holes c (414) with large diameter is communicated with the bypass holes d (415).
6. The hydraulic sliding resistor-changing device according to claim 1, wherein the bypass hole b (408) has a structure with a smaller inside and a larger outside, and the small diameter hole communicates with the oscillation chamber (413) and the large diameter hole communicates with the bypass hole c (414).
7. Hydraulic slide rheostat according to claim 1, characterized in that the left side of the outer housing (1) is the upper end and is the input port (2) and the right side of the output shaft (402) is the lower end and is the output port (3), the outer housing (1) comprising the substrate layer (101).
8. The hydraulic sliding resistance variable device according to claim 7, characterized in that the top of the base layer (101) is provided with a high-speed steel layer (102), the bottom of the base layer (101) is provided with an integral cemented carbide layer (103), and the thickness of the high-speed steel layer (102) is consistent with the thickness of the integral cemented carbide layer (103).
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CN202311357665.3A CN117722149B (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device |
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CN202311357665.3A CN117722149B (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device |
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CN117722149A true CN117722149A (en) | 2024-03-19 |
CN117722149B CN117722149B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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CN202311357665.3A Active CN117722149B (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device |
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CN202689934U (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-01-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground vibration damper |
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CN108166940A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of by-pass valve of screwdrill and its application method with huge discharge shunting function |
CN113006682A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-22 | 北京工业大学 | Axial impact oscillation screw drill |
CN113685140A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | Axial oscillation screw drill |
CN114961568A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multidirectional oscillation impact screw drill |
RU2781681C1 (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-10-17 | Андрей Газимович Гирфатов | Oscillator for drill string |
-
2023
- 2023-10-19 CN CN202311357665.3A patent/CN117722149B/en active Active
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CN202689934U (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-01-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground vibration damper |
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CN113685140A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | Axial oscillation screw drill |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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