CN117713889A - Predistortion system and method for analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system - Google Patents
Predistortion system and method for analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a predistortion system and a predistortion method for an analog full-connection hybrid beam forming system, which relate to the technical field of mobile communication and comprise the following steps: the input end of the wave beam forming coefficient network receives input signals of all channels; the nonlinear base function generating module comprises a plurality of one-dimensional nonlinear base functions, wherein the input end of each one-dimensional nonlinear base function is connected with the output end of the beam forming coefficient network, and receives the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel; the input ends of the airspace response modules are connected with the output ends of the one-dimensional nonlinear basis functions; the multiple multipliers are used for multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results; and an adder for adding the different results by using the adder to obtain the predistortion signal. The invention can reduce the technical complexity of DPD in the analog full-connection mixed beam forming system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and particularly relates to a predistortion system and a predistortion method for an analog full-connection hybrid beam forming system.
Background
Modern wireless communication systems widely employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to support a drastically increased number of users. In the upcoming 5G age, the number of radio frequency links of the transmitter is further increased, and correspondingly, the large-scale MIMO (MIMO) technology has become a crucial technology in the 5G transmitter, and is expected to significantly improve the network capacity and the transmission data rate, and improve the communication reliability. Massive MIMO systems are often combined with Beamforming (BF) techniques to increase spectral efficiency, and there are two typical architectures for massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems, which are based on sub-array connection architecture (Subarray architecture, SA) and analog full connection architecture (Fully-connected architecture, FC), respectively. Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) architecture trades off the flexibility and complexity of beamforming for a promising beamforming solution in massive MIMO systems.
A Power Amplifier (PA) is one of the most energy-consuming devices in a transmitter and can produce significant nonlinear distortion when operating in a high-efficiency region. In order to meet the linearity and efficiency requirements of the transmitter, digital Predistortion (DPD) technique has been widely used in transmitters. Currently, research on HBF array DPD linearization schemes is mainly directed to subarray-based connection architecture, while there is little research on HBF array linearization under analog full-connection architecture. Compared with the subarray connection architecture, in the analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming array, since the transmitting signals from all transmitting links are in phase shift combination through the analog beamforming network at the front end of the amplifier, intermodulation distortion between different transmitting signals can be generated after the mixed signals pass through the amplifier, and the problem of DPD linearization in the system is more troublesome. Therefore, it is desirable that the DPD scheme not only can eliminate nonlinear distortion independent of each signal in the transmission link, but also can eliminate intermodulation distortion between different transmission signals. In this case, the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) DPD modeling scheme suitable for sub-array architecture is no longer capable of linearizing the simulated fully connected HBF array, and the DPD scheme under the simulated fully connected architecture requires further investigation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a predistortion system and method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a predistortion system for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system comprising:
the input end of the wave beam forming coefficient network receives input signals of all channels and is used for generating input signals of equivalent power amplifiers of all channels;
the nonlinear base function generating module comprises a plurality of one-dimensional nonlinear base functions, wherein the input end of each one-dimensional nonlinear base function is connected with the output end of the beam forming coefficient network, receives the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel, and performs nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel;
the airspace response module is provided with a plurality of airspace response modules, and the input end of the airspace response module is connected with the output end of the one-dimensional nonlinear basis function and is used for carrying out weighted linear superposition on the output signals processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module;
the multiple multipliers are used for multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results;
and an adder for adding the different results by using the adder to obtain the predistortion signal.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system, comprising:
inputting the input signals of each channel to a predistortion system;
the wave beam forming coefficient network responds to the input signals of each channel and outputs the input signals of the equivalent power amplifier of each channel;
the nonlinear basis function generation module responds to the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of all channels and carries out nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of all channels;
the airspace response module responds to the output signal processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module, performs weighted linear superposition and outputs a weighted linear superposition signal;
and multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results, and adding the different results to obtain a predistortion signal.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a hybrid beamforming system for analog full connectivity, comprising: a predistortion system for reducing complexity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the predistortion system and the predistortion method for the analog full-connection hybrid beam forming system provided by the invention comprise a beam forming coefficient network, a nonlinear basis function generation module and a airspace response module, wherein the beam forming and airspace response module is introduced, so that the model basis function is reduced from multidimensional to one-dimensional, the number of model coefficients of a predistorter is greatly reduced, and the reduction of the complexity of a DPD technology in the analog full-connection hybrid beam forming system is realized.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital predistortion architecture on which a predistorter model is based, as provided by a prior art embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a predistorter model architecture provided by a prior art embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a predistortion system for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system, provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of the number of structural coefficients of a traditional multidimensional correction model and a predistorter model proposed by the present invention with the model accuracy when different signal streams Q are provided in the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation experiment results provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In the related art, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital predistortion architecture based on a predistorter model provided in the prior art, for linearizing a hybrid massive MIMO transmitter of an analog fully-connected architecture, where the digital predistortion architecture includes Q predistorters, each predistorter can implement linearization correction for a corresponding beam signal; when the predistorter needs to be updated, the output signal y of each power amplifier 1 ,…,y p The input signal s of the equivalent power amplifier is combined with the digital after filtering, down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion 1 ,…,s P Alignment; the multi-beam estimation module then synthesizes the aligned power amplifier output signals into equivalent multi-beam signals in the digital domain according to the beam forming conditions, and the estimated multi-beam signals are transmitted to the predistorter training module and used for training and updating of the DPD model together with the transmission signals.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a predistorter model architecture provided in the prior art, in which, due to intermodulation distortion from each transmit channel signal in an array beam signal, a Q-input-based multivariate model is required to describe and compensate for the nonlinear distortion, as shown in formula (1), the predistorter model architecture is extremely complex, and the required predistorter model coefficients show exponential growth with the increase of the signal stream number and model order, resulting in huge computational resource overhead; furthermore, this predistorter model faces a great application dilemma in view of the fact that predistortion algorithms need to be implemented in real time in the system.
In view of this, the present invention provides a predistortion system for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system, which avoids constructing intermodulation terms of multi-stream signals directly in a predistorter by introducing prior information of beamforming coefficients and airspace responses, thereby greatly reducing the number and complexity of predistorter model coefficients and solving the problem of digital predistortion linearization of a large-scale MIMO system for analog fully-connected architecture hybrid beamforming.
The analysis of the beam signal specifically includes:
first, the input signal to the p-th power amplifier in the array can be expressed as:
wherein x is q (n) represents the complex envelope signal from the q-th transmit chain, s p (n) represents the complex envelope of the input signal to the p-th power amplifier, which can be regarded as a weighted sum of the transmitted signals, with a beamforming weight of w p1 ,...,w pQ ，w pQ Representing the phase shift of the q-th transmission signal in the input signal of the p-th power amplifier, satisfying |w pq |＝1。
The nonlinear behavior of the array power amplifier can be represented by a memory polynomial model, and the output signal of the p-th power amplifier is represented as:
wherein,representing the coefficient of the p-th power amplifier model, M representing the memory depth,k represents the nonlinear order, for ease of analysis, assuming that the behavior models of all power amplifiers in the array have the same nonlinear order and memory depth, and taking equation (2) into equation (3), the p-th power amplifier output can be expressed as:
considering beam forming and spatial phase superposition effects, the q-th beam signal can be expressed as:
wherein h is pq Representing the channel response from the p-th transmit antenna to the q-th user receiver, r q (n) represents a beam signal of the q-th user; if the RF power amplifiers in the array all have similar non-linear characteristics, i.eThen:
the total number of model coefficients of the digital predistortion architecture is (M+1) multiplied by K, and compared with the traditional multi-input correction model, the number of the proposed structure model coefficients is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a predistortion system for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the predistortion system for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system includes:
the input end of the wave beam forming coefficient network receives input signals of all channels and is used for generating input signals of equivalent power amplifiers of all channels;
the nonlinear base function generating module comprises a plurality of one-dimensional nonlinear base functions, wherein the input end of each one-dimensional nonlinear base function is connected with the output end of the beam forming coefficient network, receives the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel, and performs nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel;
the airspace response module is provided with a plurality of airspace response modules, and the input end of the airspace response module is connected with the output end of the one-dimensional nonlinear basis function and is used for carrying out weighted linear superposition on the output signals processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module;
the multiple multipliers are used for multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results;
and an adder for adding the different results by using the adder to obtain a predistortion signal.
Specifically, the predistortion system provided in this embodiment includes a beamforming coefficient network, a nonlinear basis function generating module and a airspace response module, compared with the predistortion system in the prior art, the beamforming coefficient network and the airspace response module are newly added, and by introducing the beamforming and airspace response module, the model basis function is reduced from multidimensional to one-dimensional, and meanwhile, the number of model coefficients of a predistorter is greatly reduced, so that the complexity of a DPD technology in a simulated fully-connected hybrid beamforming system is reduced.
It should be noted that the nonlinear base function generating module includes a plurality of one-dimensional nonlinear base functions, and each nonlinear base function is a single input-single output.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the beamforming coefficient network is the same as the beamforming network of the analog domain, but implemented in the digital domain; the coefficients of the beamforming coefficient network are [ W] Q×P 。
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the channel response coefficient of the spatial domain response module is [ H ]] P×Q 。
Based on the same inventive concept, please refer to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart of a predistortion method for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is used to implement the predistortion system for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system according to the above embodiment, and the embodiments of the predistortion system refer to the above description, and the repetition is omitted; the predistortion method comprises the following steps:
s101, inputting each channel input signal to a predistortion system.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, each channel is input with a signal x 1 ,…,x Q Input to the predistortion system.
S102, the beamforming coefficient network responds to the input signals of the channels and outputs the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of the channels.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression of the input signal of the equivalent power amplifier of each channel is:
wherein w is pq Representing the phase shift of the Q-th transmitted signal in the input signal of the P-th power amplifier, P representing the index of each power amplifier, p=1, 2, …, P, Q representing the number of predistortion systems, x q (n) represents the complex envelope signal of the q-th transmission link, and n represents the time series, i.e., the nth signal sample point.
S103, the nonlinear basis function generating module responds to the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of the channels and performs nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of the channels.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression of the output signal processed by the nonlinear basis function generating module is:
wherein G is t (. Cndot.) represents the t-th nonlinear basis function, t=1, 2, …, N2 represents the total number of nonlinear basis functions; the embodiment is recorded laterAs an example of the memristive polynomial model, n2= (m+1) K, M represents an index of memory depth, m=1, 2, …, M, K represents an index of nonlinear order, k=1, 2, …, K.
S104, the airspace response module responds to the output signal processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module, and performs weighted linear superposition to output a weighted linear superposition signal.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression of the weighted linear superposition signal output by the spatial domain response module is:
wherein h is qp Representing the channel response of the p-th transmit antenna to the q-th user receiver.
It should be noted that, the transmitting antenna and the power amplifier are in one-to-one correspondence, and the transmitting link and the user receiver are in one-to-one correspondence.
S105, multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results, and adding the different results to obtain a predistortion signal.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression of the predistortion signal is:
wherein a is mk Representing the coefficients of the nonlinear basis functions.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 5 and fig. 6, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison situation of the number of structural coefficients of a conventional multidimensional correction model and a predistorter model proposed by the present invention with respect to model precision when different signal streams Q are provided in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation experiment result provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 shows a comparison situation of the number of coefficients of a conventional multidimensional correction model and a predistorter model proposed by the present embodiment with respect to model precision when signal streams Q are respectively 2, 4, 6, 8; FIG. 6 shows a comparison of NMSE before and after correction of four different azimuth and pitch angles, respectively; the predistorter model structure provided by the embodiment is verified through 4-stream 64-unit simulation of the full-connection hybrid beamforming array simulation, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the model structure provided by the invention can greatly reduce the number of required model coefficients under the condition of achieving similar precision with the traditional model. Furthermore, the simulation results of fig. 6 show that the proposed model structure is able to significantly compensate for the nonlinear distortion of the beam direction signal. The simulation results show that the proposed model structure has application advantages in simulating a full-connection hybrid beamforming system.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a hybrid beamforming system for analog full connection, comprising: a predistortion system for reducing complexity.
Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. In this embodiment, the predistortion system provided in the foregoing embodiment is applied to an analog full-connection hybrid beamforming system, so as to reduce the technical complexity of DPD in the analog full-connection hybrid beamforming system.
It should be noted that in this document relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or apparatus that comprises the element. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and is not indicative or implying that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, one skilled in the art can engage and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A predistortion system for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system, comprising:
the input end of the wave beam forming coefficient network receives input signals of all channels and is used for generating input signals of equivalent power amplifiers of all channels;
the nonlinear base function generating module comprises a plurality of one-dimensional nonlinear base functions, wherein the input end of each one-dimensional nonlinear base function is connected with the output end of the beam forming coefficient network, receives the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel, and performs nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of each channel;
the airspace response module is provided with a plurality of airspace response modules, the input end of the airspace response module is connected with the output end of the one-dimensional nonlinear basis function, and the airspace response module is used for carrying out weighted linear superposition on the output signals processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module;
the multiple multipliers are used for multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the coefficients respectively to obtain different results;
and an adder for adding the different results by using the adder to obtain a predistortion signal.
2. The predistortion system for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 1, wherein said network of beamforming coefficients is implemented in the digital domain, the coefficients of said network of beamforming coefficients being [ W ]] Q×P 。
3. The predistortion system for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 1, wherein the channel response coefficient of the spatial response module is [ H] P×Q 。
4. A predistortion method for an analog fully-connected hybrid beamforming system is characterized in that,
inputting the input signals of each channel to a predistortion system;
the wave beam forming coefficient network responds to the input signals of the channels and outputs the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of the channels;
the nonlinear basis function generation module responds to the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of all channels and carries out nonlinear operation on the input signals of the equivalent power amplifiers of all channels;
the airspace response module responds to the output signal processed by the nonlinear basis function generation module, performs weighted linear superposition and outputs a weighted linear superposition signal;
and multiplying the weighted linear superposition signals output by the airspace response module by the respective coefficients to obtain different results, and adding the different results to obtain a predistortion signal.
5. The predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the input signal of the equivalent individual channel power amplifier is:
wherein w is pq Representing the phase shift coefficient of the Q-th transmitted signal in the input signal of the P-th power amplifier, P representing the index of each power amplifier, p=1, 2, …, P, Q representing the number of predistortion systems, x q (n) represents the complex envelope signal of the q-th transmission link, and n represents the time series, i.e., the nth signal sample point.
6. The predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the output signal processed by the nonlinear basis function generating module is:
wherein G is t (. Cndot.) represents the t-th nonlinear basis function, t=1, 2, …, N2 represents the total number of nonlinear basis functions, M represents the index of memory depth, m=1, 2, …, M, K represents the index of nonlinear order, k=1, 2, …, K.
7. The predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the weighted linear superposition signal output by the spatial domain response module is:
wherein h is qp Representing the channel response of the p-th transmit antenna to the q-th user receiver.
8. The predistortion method for an analog fully connected hybrid beamforming system according to claim 4, wherein the predistortion signal is expressed as:
wherein a is mk Representing the coefficients of the nonlinear basis functions.
9. A hybrid beamforming system for analog full connectivity, comprising: a predistortion system for reducing complexity.
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