CN117713296A - Active equalization method for series battery pack - Google Patents
Active equalization method for series battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN117713296A CN117713296A CN202311691161.5A CN202311691161A CN117713296A CN 117713296 A CN117713296 A CN 117713296A CN 202311691161 A CN202311691161 A CN 202311691161A CN 117713296 A CN117713296 A CN 117713296A
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- battery
- voltage
- equalization
- balancing module
- series
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an active equalization method for a series battery pack, and relates to the technical field of active equalization of batteries in a series battery system. The non-uniform performance of each single cell results in a reduced capacity of the battery pack due to the serial use of the cells. The active equalization method of the series battery pack provided by the invention isolates and compares the voltages of all the single batteries in the battery pack, and transmits the battery capacity with high voltage to the battery with low voltage, so as to achieve the purpose of equalizing the voltages of all the single batteries of the battery pack.
Description
The application is a divisional application of a patent application named as a battery series isolation equalization method and circuit, the application date of the original application is 12 months 12 days in 2018, and the application number is 201811516050.X.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of active equalization of batteries in a series battery system. Relates to an active equalization method for series battery packs.
Background
In systems using batteries as an energy source, in order to obtain a high voltage, a battery serial method is mostly used to obtain a high voltage. In serial use of the batteries, the variation in the performance of the individual unit batteries results in the capacity of the battery pack being the capacity of the battery having the smallest capacity. In the discharging process, the battery with small capacity is discharged firstly, and the battery with larger capacity is not discharged. In the charging process (generally, serial charging is adopted), the battery with the smallest capacity is fully charged first, and the battery with larger capacity is not fully charged. The battery with smaller capacity is overcharged by continuous charging, the battery is damaged, and the battery with smaller capacity can be scrapped after long-term overcharged use, so that the whole battery pack is scrapped. The service life is reduced, and the battery pack is scrapped in advance. Resulting in economic losses and pollution. In order to improve this situation, a battery pack equalization method and technique are needed to keep the individual cell energy differences in the battery pack within a certain range. And requires low self-loss and high efficiency in the equalization process.
The current equalization techniques are mainly divided into two types: active equalization and passive equalization. The passive equalization method is that a resistor is connected in parallel with two ends of each single battery through a switch, and when the voltage of the single battery is too high, the voltage of the battery is reduced through discharging more energy through the resistor, so that the purpose of energy equalization is achieved. This energy is consumed by the resistor, causing waste, and at the same time, a large amount of heat is generated, affecting the stability of the system. However, the method is generally used at present because of the simple circuit structure and reliable operation. There are two active equalization methods: equalization between cells and battery packs. The equalization between the single battery and the battery pack means that the battery with low single capacity is supplied with energy by the capacity of the battery pack, so as to achieve the purpose of equalization. The battery with low single capacity in this method is not efficient because it can obtain energy and output capacity. The equalization method between the battery cells and the cells is also divided into two types: equalization between adjacent cells and equalization between any cell. When the adjacent single batteries are needed to be balanced and the single batteries are far apart, energy is required to be transmitted for multiple times to reach the target battery, and energy loss can occur in each energy transmission, so that the method is not efficient. At present, the balance among any single batteries is that the battery with high single capacity transmits energy to any single battery with low single capacity in the battery pack, so as to achieve the purpose of capacity balance. Since the energy is converted only once, it is most efficient in the above several methods. However, the existing method has complex structure, low safety and no wide application. Therefore, there is a need for an equalization method and equalization circuit that is efficient, low-cost, safe, reliable, and can be used continuously for a long period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an active equalization method for batteries connected in series (more than 2 sections), which has the advantages of high equalization efficiency, simple structure, arbitrary section cascade connection, long-term operation and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the series battery pack active equalization method is applied to a series battery pack active equalization circuit, and the series battery pack active equalization circuit comprises an equalizer and a plurality of battery packs; each battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries, and a positive output end Bi+ and a negative output end Bi-of each single battery are respectively connected with a positive output end MBi+ and a negative output end MBi-corresponding to the equalizer;
the active equalization method of the series battery pack comprises equalization between two or more single batteries and an equalization module, and equalization between the equalization module and the equalization module;
the equalization between the single battery and the equalization module refers to voltage equalization bidirectional energy transmission between the single battery and the equalization module; equalization between equalization modules refers to voltage-balanced bi-directional energy delivery between equalization modules.
The bidirectional equalization process of the single battery and the equalization module comprises the following steps: comparing the voltage of each single battery with the voltage of the balancing module, discharging the single battery to the balancing module when the voltage of the single battery is higher than the voltage of the balancing module, and transmitting energy from the single battery to the balancing module; when the voltage of the single battery is lower than that of the balancing module, the balancing module discharges the single battery, and energy is transmitted to the single battery by the balancing module; the energy output and input of the balancing module are all transferred to one or more single batteries and the balancing module of the other external and balancing module. When the voltage difference of all the single batteries is smaller than a certain value, the energy flow is stopped, and the voltage comparison is continued.
And when the voltage of a certain single battery is lower than the average voltage, discharging the single battery with high voltage to the single battery with low voltage, and charging the single battery with low voltage until the voltage of the single batteries is consistent, wherein the charging current and the discharging current are zero, so that the voltage among the single batteries in the plurality of series battery packs is balanced.
Preferably, the equalizer comprises a plurality of equalization modules; the equalization modules are connected with each other through cascade lines; one equalization module is connected with two or more single batteries.
Preferably, the equalizer is a square wave synchronous isolation voltage comparator; preferably, the square wave synchronous isolation voltage comparator comprises a full wave synchronous rectification circuit, a transformer and an auxiliary circuit; the full-wave synchronous rectifying circuit consists of two MOS field effect transistors, the transformer consists of a pulse transformer, and the auxiliary circuit consists of a resistor, a capacitor and a diode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) multiple single batteries can be balanced at the same time, the conversion links are few, and the efficiency is high;
(2) the equalization module can be cascaded, and the use is flexible;
(3) the structure is simple, the operation is reliable, and the long-term continuous operation can be realized;
(4) the self power consumption is small, and the energy consumption to the battery is small.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of connection between a single battery and an equalization module of the bidirectional synchronous active equalization circuit of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module of the bidirectional synchronous active equalization circuit of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module cascade of the bidirectional synchronous active equalization circuit of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in the connection schematic diagram of the single battery and the equalization module in fig. 1, the positive output end and the negative output end of each single battery in the battery pack (including 2 or more single batteries) are respectively connected with the positive output end and the negative output end of the equalization module, the equalization module can have 2 or more equalization output ends, and each equalization output end has a pair of positive output end and negative output end. The single battery is a lead-acid battery.
In one preferred embodiment, the equalizer is a square wave voltage synchronous comparator. Preferably, the square wave synchronous isolation voltage comparator comprises a full wave synchronous rectification circuit, a transformer and an auxiliary circuit. The full-wave synchronous rectifying circuit consists of two MOS field effect transistors, the transformer consists of a pulse transformer, and the auxiliary circuit consists of a resistor, a capacitor and a diode. The specific circuit structure of the square wave voltage synchronous comparator is shown in fig. 2, and will not be repeated here.
As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, N single cells are connected to M equalization modules, where N and M are positive integers greater than 1, and the specific number is determined according to the actual situation. Each equalization module may comprise a plurality of square wave synchronous isolation voltage comparators connected to a plurality of cells. Multiple equalization modules may be cascaded at the same time.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the bidirectional active equalization method is utilized, the voltage difference of each single battery is used as a basis for judgment, the flowing direction of energy is determined, the energy of the single battery with high voltage is transmitted to the single battery with low voltage until the voltage is less than the error, the mutual transmission of the energy is stopped, and the square wave synchronous isolation voltage comparator continues to work to monitor the voltage difference of each single battery.
The equalization process of 2 unit cells B1, B4 in the battery pack will be briefly described with reference to fig. 3: assuming that the voltage of B1 is greater than the voltage of B4, the positive output end and the negative output end of B1 are connected to the B1+ output end and the B1-output end of the balancing module, the B4+ output end and the B4-output end of the balancing module are connected to the positive output end and the negative output end of B4, and the voltage of the B4+ output end and the B4-output end of the balancing module is higher than the voltage of B4, the balancing module charges B4, and B1 discharges until the voltage difference between the B1 and the B4 is smaller than a certain value, and the charging and discharging currents are equal to zero, so that the purpose of energy balancing is achieved. Conversely, the voltage of B4 is larger than the voltage of B1, B4 charges B1 through the equalization module, and B4 discharges. If the voltages of B1, B2 and B3 are equal and greater than the voltage of B4, B1, B2 and B3 charge B4 together through an equalization module until the voltage difference among B1, B2, B3 and B4 is less than a certain value, and the charging and discharging currents are equal to zero, so that the purpose of energy equalization is achieved. If the voltages of other single batteries are not equal, the balancing process is the same as the above process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) multiple single batteries can be balanced at the same time, the conversion links are few, and the efficiency is high;
(2) the equalization module can be cascaded, and the use is flexible;
(3) the structure is simple, the operation is reliable, and the long-term continuous operation can be realized;
(4) the self power consumption is small, and the energy consumption to the battery is small.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The active equalization method for the series battery packs is applied to an active equalization circuit of the series battery packs, and is characterized in that the active equalization circuit of the series battery packs comprises an equalizer and a plurality of battery packs; each battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries, and a positive output end Bi+ and a negative output end Bi-of each single battery are respectively connected with a positive output end MBi+ and a negative output end MBi-corresponding to the equalizer;
the active equalization method of the series battery pack comprises the following steps:
comparing the voltage of each single battery with the voltage of the balancing module, discharging the single battery to the balancing module when the voltage of the single battery is higher than the voltage of the balancing module, and transmitting energy from the single battery to the balancing module; when the voltage of the single battery is lower than that of the balancing module, the balancing module discharges the single battery, and energy is transmitted to the single battery by the balancing module; the energy output and input of the balancing module are all transferred to one or more single batteries and the balancing module of the other external and balancing module; when the voltage difference of all the single batteries is smaller than a certain value, the energy flow is stopped, and the voltage comparison is continued;
and when the voltage of a certain single battery is lower than the average voltage, discharging the single battery with high voltage to the single battery with low voltage, and charging the single battery with low voltage until the voltage of the single batteries is consistent, wherein the charging current and the discharging current are zero, so that the voltage among the single batteries in the plurality of series battery packs is balanced.
2. The method of active equalization of a series battery of claim 1, wherein the equalizer comprises a plurality of equalization modules; the equalization modules are connected with each other through cascade lines; one equalization module is connected with two or more single batteries.
3. The method of active equalization of a series battery of claim 1, wherein said equalizer is a square wave synchronous isolated voltage comparator.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the square wave synchronous isolated voltage comparator comprises a full wave inverter circuit, a transformer, and an auxiliary circuit.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the full wave reverse circuit is comprised of two MOS field effect transistors.
6. The method for active equalization of a series of battery packs of claim 1, wherein when the plurality of battery packs are used in series, the connection methods of the unit cells in the respective battery packs are the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311691161.5A CN117713296A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Active equalization method for series battery pack |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311691161.5A CN117713296A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Active equalization method for series battery pack |
| CN201811516050.XA CN109873469A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of battery series connection isolation equalization methods and circuit |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811516050.XA Division CN109873469A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of battery series connection isolation equalization methods and circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117713296A true CN117713296A (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311691161.5A Pending CN117713296A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Active equalization method for series battery pack |
| CN201811516050.XA Pending CN109873469A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of battery series connection isolation equalization methods and circuit |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811516050.XA Pending CN109873469A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of battery series connection isolation equalization methods and circuit |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111384454A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 深圳市超思维电子股份有限公司 | Active equalization method and device for battery module |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101567574A (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2009-10-28 | 王创社 | Proportional balancing method for voltage of energy storage device and circuit |
| US8269374B2 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2012-09-18 | De Caires Damian | Solar panel power management system and method |
| CN102522790B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2015-07-08 | 中电普瑞科技有限公司 | Equalization device for series battery packs |
| CN103730936B (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-09-30 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The balanced management method of electric automobile power battery balanced management system |
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- 2018-12-12 CN CN202311691161.5A patent/CN117713296A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-12 CN CN201811516050.XA patent/CN109873469A/en active Pending
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| CN109873469A (en) | 2019-06-11 |
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