CN117712658A - Conversion device from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide - Google Patents
Conversion device from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN117712658A CN117712658A CN202311760451.0A CN202311760451A CN117712658A CN 117712658 A CN117712658 A CN 117712658A CN 202311760451 A CN202311760451 A CN 202311760451A CN 117712658 A CN117712658 A CN 117712658A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a conversion device from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangular waveguide, which comprises a circuit board, the rectangular waveguide, a coupling patch antenna, a coupling window, a coupling ground hole, shielding ground holes and matching ground holes, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide is arranged in a first area of the circuit board, a plurality of shielding ground holes form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with the output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground holes are arranged on the inner side of a through hole of the substrate integrated waveguide, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, a contact area of the rectangular waveguide and the circuit board covers the coupling window arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna is arranged in the coupling window, the coupling ground holes are arranged on two sides of the coupling patch antenna, and the coupling ground holes are arranged in the coupling window. The embodiment of the invention can meet the requirements of miniaturization, vertical output of the rectangular waveguide port and large bandwidth, and can be widely applied to the technical field of communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a conversion device from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangular waveguide.
Background
The substrate integrated waveguide (Substrate integrated waveguide, SIW) combines the advantages of planar technology and rectangular waveguides: the components are light and compact and can be manufactured in planar form by employing mature and cost-effective processing techniques such as printed circuit boards or low temperature co-fired ceramics while they exhibit high quality factors, high power handling capability and nearly complete electromagnetic shielding. While integrated waveguides have the advantages described above, in many applications there is still a need to combine SIW with conventional rectangular waveguides. Therefore, an efficient transition between SIW and rectangular waveguide is required.
The related art method for implementing SIW to rectangular waveguide conversion is to insert a fin line capable of functioning as an impedance transformer, which can achieve a large relative bandwidth, but has a problem in that a long fin line is required for impedance transformation. However, since the length of the fin line is proportional to the bandwidth, and the length of the output E-plane waveguide needs to be equal to or greater than the length of the fin line, the technology often has a larger volume, and cannot be applied to miniaturized designs. And because the fin line must be placed in the center of the E-plane waveguide, this technique is more undesirable for applications where the output waveguide port is perpendicular to the PCB output.
For some designs requiring the output waveguide port to be perpendicular to the output of the PCB, in the related art, the signal SIW is fed to the rectangular waveguide in the form of resonance, although the miniaturized application can be satisfied, the actual measurement result shows that the relative bandwidth is smaller, which is less than 3%.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a device for converting a substrate integrated waveguide into a rectangular waveguide, which can meet the requirements of miniaturization, vertical output of the rectangular waveguide port, and large bandwidth.
The embodiment of the invention provides a conversion device from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangular waveguide, which comprises a circuit board, the rectangular waveguide, a coupling patch antenna, a coupling window, a coupling ground hole, a shielding ground hole and a matching ground hole, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide is arranged in a first area of the circuit board, a plurality of shielding ground holes form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground hole is arranged on the inner side of a via hole of the substrate integrated waveguide, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, a contact area of the rectangular waveguide and the circuit board covers the coupling window arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna is arranged in the coupling window, the coupling ground hole is arranged on two sides of the coupling patch antenna, and the coupling ground hole is arranged in the coupling window.
Optionally, the conversion device includes at least one pair of matching ground holes and at least one pair of coupling ground holes, a first connection line of the matching ground holes being parallel to a second connection line of the coupling ground holes.
Optionally, the first connection line and the second connection line are perpendicular to the via connection line of the substrate integrated waveguide.
Optionally, the length of the first connecting line is smaller than the length of the second connecting line.
Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent shielding ground holes is less than or equal to 2 times the aperture of the shielding ground holes.
Optionally, the second area includes a first rectangular area, the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular area, and widths of shielding ground holes on a second side and a third side disposed opposite to each other are determined according to an operating frequency of an input signal.
Optionally, the second area includes a first rectangular area, the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular area, and a width of the input port is less than or equal to a side length of the first side.
Optionally, the coupling window includes a second rectangular region, and the contact region includes a third rectangular region, and a width of the second rectangular region is equal to a width of the third rectangular region.
Optionally, the shape of the coupled patch antenna comprises a rectangle.
Optionally, the coupling patch antenna is located at the center of the coupling window.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the conversion device from the substrate integrated waveguide to the rectangular waveguide comprises a circuit board, the rectangular waveguide, a coupling patch antenna, a coupling window, a coupling ground hole, a shielding ground hole and a matching ground hole, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide is arranged in a first area of the circuit board, a plurality of shielding ground holes form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground hole is arranged on the inner side of a through hole of the substrate integrated waveguide, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, the rectangular waveguide and the contact area of the circuit board cover the coupling window arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna is arranged in the coupling window, the coupling ground hole is arranged on two sides of the coupling patch antenna, the coupling ground hole is arranged in the coupling window, an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide is in butt joint with the second area, an input standing wave is improved through the matching ground hole, a transmission signal is converted into a mode and impedance matching through the coupling patch antenna and the coupling window, and accordingly a signal with a large bandwidth is output, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, the transmission signal in the substrate integrated waveguide is converted into a vertical direction, in addition, the second area on the circuit board is required to be provided with the coupling patch antenna, the coupling patch antenna and the coupling hole is only required to be arranged on the side of a long antenna, the coupling patch antenna and the coupling hole is required to be small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide conversion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of a conversion device from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangular waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
Rectangular waveguide is composed of metal wall, and the internal space is gas or vacuum. Rectangular waveguides have dimensions in both the width and height directions, where the width determines the interface shape of the waveguide and the height determines the mode of the waveguide. Rectangular waveguides operate on the principle of transmitting energy by reflection or transmission of electromagnetic waves at the interface between a metal wall and air (or vacuum). Due to the existence of the metal wall, the rectangular waveguide can effectively limit the propagation range of electromagnetic waves, and has lower transmission loss and higher waveguide mode selection performance.
The structural characteristics of the rectangular waveguide are mainly embodied in the following aspects:
size diversification: the width and height of the rectangular waveguide can be designed and adjusted according to specific requirements so as to meet the transmission requirements of different frequencies and modes.
The bandwidth is wide: since the rectangular waveguide has a plurality of transmission modes, signals can be transmitted in a relatively wide frequency band range, and the rectangular waveguide is suitable for application scenes such as broadband communication and radar systems.
The anti-interference performance is strong: the metal wall of the rectangular waveguide can effectively shield external interference electromagnetic waves, and stability and reliability of transmission signals are guaranteed.
Rectangular waveguides have wide applications in the fields of microwave and millimeter wave communications, antennas, radar and optical communications, and the like. For example, in microwave communications, rectangular waveguides may be used for high-speed data transmission and long-range communications; in an antenna, a rectangular waveguide may be used to enhance directivity and gain of the antenna; in radar, a rectangular waveguide may be used to transmit and receive radar signals; in communication, rectangular waveguides may be used for signal transmission and coupling between optical fibers.
The substrate integrated waveguide (Substrate integrated waveguide, SIW) is a field propagation mode that utilizes metal vias to achieve the waveguide on a dielectric substrate. SIW is a transmission line between a microstrip and a dielectric-filled waveguide. Referring to fig. 1, two rows of metallized through holes 1-1 are provided on a substrate 1-2, and electromagnetic waves are confined in rectangular cavities formed by the two rows of metallized through holes and upper and lower metal surfaces 1-3.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a conversion device 2-0 from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangular waveguide, which comprises a circuit board, the rectangular waveguide 2-2, a coupling patch antenna 2-5, a coupling window 2-7, a coupling ground hole 2-6, a shielding ground hole 2-4 and a matching ground hole 2-3, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide 2-1 is arranged in a first area of the circuit board, a plurality of shielding ground holes 2-4 form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide 2-1, the matching ground hole 2-3 is arranged at the inner side of the via hole of the substrate integrated waveguide 2-1, the rectangular waveguide 2-2 is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, the contact area of the rectangular waveguide 2-3 and the circuit board covers the coupling window 2-7 arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna 2-5 is arranged in the coupling window 2-7, the coupling ground hole 2-6 is arranged at two sides of the coupling patch antenna 2-5, and the coupling ground hole 2-6 is arranged in the coupling window 2-7.
The circuit board comprises a through hole, a substrate 1-2 and upper and lower metal surfaces 1-3. The circuit board comprises a first area and a second area, the first area is in butt joint with the second area, and the ground hole and the shielding ground hole of the substrate integrated waveguide form a closed space, so that input signals are transmitted in the first area and the second area.
The input signal is fed into the integrated waveguide to the converter through the output port of the integrated waveguide, then the mode matching and the impedance matching are completed through the converter, after the signal enters the converter, the input signal is converted into TE10 mode through the coupling patch antenna and the coupling window, radiated into the rectangular waveguide port, and finally output to the rectangular waveguide. The matching ground holes are used for adjusting the input size of the integrated waveguide, and the positions of the matching ground holes are adjusted to improve the input standing wave.
It should be noted that, the rectangular waveguide may be chamfered at a right angle in consideration of processing limitation of an actual numerical control machine tool; namely rectangular waveguides with right angles and arc angles.
Optionally, the conversion device comprises at least one pair of matching ground holes and at least one pair of coupling ground holes, a first connection line of the matching ground holes being parallel to a second connection line of the coupling ground holes.
The input signal enters the rectangular waveguide through the output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground hole is arranged between the substrate integrated waveguide and the rectangular waveguide, and the input signal enters the rectangular waveguide after being adjusted by the matching ground hole and coupled by the coupling ground hole. The first connecting wire of the matching ground hole is parallel to the second connecting wire of the coupling ground hole, and input signals can be transmitted between the matching ground hole and the coupling ground hole better, so that transmission loss is reduced.
Optionally, the first connection line and the second connection line are perpendicular to the via connection line of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The transmission direction of the input signal in the substrate integrated waveguide is parallel to the via connection line of the substrate integrated waveguide, the strength of the transmission signal is high, the first connection line and the second connection line are perpendicular to the via connection line of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the conversion loss of the transmission signal from the substrate integrated waveguide to the rectangular waveguide is low.
Optionally, the length of the first connection line is smaller than the length of the second connection line.
The first connecting wire and the second connecting wire have a certain distance, after the input signal passes through the matching ground hole, the input signal can be diffused to a certain extent, and the second connecting wire of the coupling ground hole is larger than the first connecting wire of the matching ground hole, so that the input signal passing through the matching ground hole can be better and more coupled into the rectangular waveguide.
Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent shielded ground vias is less than or equal to 2 times the aperture of the shielded ground via.
The spacing between any two adjacent shielding ground holes is smaller than or equal to 2 times of the aperture of the shielding ground holes, so that transmission signals can be well bound in a second area of the circuit board, and leakage of the transmission signals is reduced.
Optionally, the second area includes a first rectangular area, the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular area, and widths of the shielding ground holes on the second side and the third side disposed opposite to each other are determined according to an operating frequency of the input signal.
The specific shape of the second area is determined according to practical applications, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the second area includes a first rectangular area, an arc area, a square area, or the like. When the second area is the first rectangular area, the cross section shape of the first rectangular area and the rectangular waveguide can be better matched, and the signal transmission loss is reduced. The first rectangular area comprises four sides, the first side is opposite to the fourth side, the second side is opposite to the third side, the input port is arranged on the first side of the first rectangular area, namely the first side of the first rectangular area is in butt joint with the substrate integrated waveguide, and the widths of shielding ground holes on the second side and the third side which are opposite to each other are determined according to the working frequency of an input signal, so that the working frequency of the input signal is adjusted.
Optionally, the second area includes a first rectangular area, and the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular area, and a width of the input port is less than or equal to a side length of the first side.
The specific shape of the second area is determined according to practical applications, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the second area includes a first rectangular area, an arc area, a square area, or the like. When the second area is the first rectangular area, the cross section shape of the first rectangular area and the rectangular waveguide can be better matched, and the signal transmission loss is reduced. The first rectangular area comprises four sides, the first side is opposite to the fourth side, the second side is opposite to the third side, the input port is arranged on the first side of the first rectangular area, the width of the input port of the substrate integrated waveguide is smaller than or equal to the side length of the first side of the first rectangular area, and a larger part of signals in the substrate integrated waveguide can be transmitted to the second area of the circuit board, so that the transmitted signals can be fully coupled with the rectangular waveguide in the second area of the circuit board.
Optionally, the coupling window comprises a second rectangular region, the contact region comprises a third rectangular region, and the width of the second rectangular region is equal to the width of the third rectangular region.
The specific shape of the coupling window is determined according to practical applications, and the embodiment is not limited specifically, and the coupling window includes a first rectangular area, an arc area, a square area, or the like. The contact area is determined according to the shape of the rectangular waveguide, and if the rectangular waveguide has a rectangular cross section, the contact area is also a rectangular area. When the coupling window is the second rectangular area, the transmission signal can be better coupled between the circuit board and the rectangular waveguide, and the coupling loss is reduced. The width of the second rectangular area is equal to that of the third rectangular area, so that transition of transmission signals can be better realized.
Referring to fig. 3, the width of the coupling window is consistent with the width W1 of the rectangular waveguide, and the length L1 of the coupling window is matched with the position of the coupling ground hole to realize transition of an electric field, and the polarization direction of the electric field is consistent with the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide. Wherein W2 represents the width of the matching cavity, L2 represents the length of the matching cavity, and L3 represents the width of the substrate integrated waveguide.
Optionally, the shape of the coupled patch antenna comprises a rectangle.
The shape of the coupled patch antenna is determined according to practical applications, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and the coupled patch antenna includes, but is not limited to, a rectangular shape. When the coupling patch antenna is rectangular, transmission signals are coupled into the cavity of the rectangular waveguide from the circuit board through the coupling patch antenna, so that the matching and transmission can be better carried out, and the transmission loss is reduced.
Optionally, the coupled patch antenna is located in the center of the coupling window.
The position of the coupling patch antenna should be as centered as possible in the coupling window so that excessive electric field strength at the coupling patch antenna edge and the waveguide port edge can be avoided, and thus ignition occurs.
Since the edge of the coupled patch antenna still can achieve broadband matching in the condition of being far away from the edge of the waveguide port, the electric field intensity of the edge of the waveguide port is far lower than the maximum electric field intensity of the traditional narrow-gap coupling type converter. Thus, the present invention has higher pass power.
The existence of the matching cavity is similar to the short-circuit surface of the microstrip turning waveguide, and the matching cavity has the function of counteracting the parasitic capacitance of the coupling patch antenna, so that the converter obtains better matching and larger bandwidth. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a simulation result diagram of the present embodiment, and it can be seen from the figure that the working frequency covers 26.2-32.2 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 20%, and the bandwidth is relatively large, and meanwhile, since all matching is on the PCB surface, the rectangular waveguide can be perpendicular to the PCB output. Furthermore, the converter can be realized by only two layers (two metal layers), and thus also contributes to miniaturization.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the conversion device from the substrate integrated waveguide to the rectangular waveguide comprises a circuit board, the rectangular waveguide, a coupling patch antenna, a coupling window, a coupling ground hole, a shielding ground hole and a matching ground hole, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide is arranged in a first area of the circuit board, a plurality of shielding ground holes form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground hole is arranged on the inner side of a through hole of the substrate integrated waveguide, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, a contact area of the rectangular waveguide and the circuit board covers the coupling window arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna is arranged in the coupling window, the coupling ground hole is arranged on two sides of the coupling patch antenna, the coupling ground hole is arranged in the coupling window, an output port of the substrate integrated waveguide is in butt joint with the input port of the second area, the transmission signal is converted into a mode and impedance matching through the coupling patch antenna and the coupling window through the matching ground hole, and accordingly signal output with large bandwidth is achieved, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the output port of the circuit board, the transmission signal in the substrate integrated waveguide is converted into a vertical direction, in addition, the second area on the circuit board is required to be provided with the coupling patch antenna, the coupling patch antenna and the coupling hole is not required to be arranged, the coupling patch antenna is required to be arranged to be long, the coupling patch antenna is required to be arranged, the coupling hole is and the coupling hole is small, and the ground.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a circuit board, a rectangular waveguide, a coupling patch antenna, a coupling window, a coupling ground hole, a shielding ground hole and a matching ground hole, wherein the first area of the circuit board is provided with the substrate integrated waveguide, a plurality of shielding ground holes form a semi-closed second area with an input port, the input port of the second area is in butt joint with the output port of the substrate integrated waveguide, the matching ground hole is arranged on the inner side of the through hole of the substrate integrated waveguide, the rectangular waveguide is vertically and tightly connected with the circuit board, the contact area of the rectangular waveguide and the circuit board covers the coupling window arranged in the second area, the coupling patch antenna is arranged in the coupling window, the coupling ground holes are arranged on two sides of the coupling patch antenna, and the coupling ground hole is arranged in the coupling window.
2. The conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the conversion device comprises at least one pair of matching ground holes and at least one pair of coupling ground holes, a first connection line of the matching ground holes being parallel to a second connection line of the coupling ground holes.
3. The switching device of claim 2, wherein the first connection line and the second connection line are each perpendicular to a via connection line of the substrate integrated waveguide.
4. The switching device of claim 2, wherein a length of the first connection line is less than a length of the second connection line.
5. The switching device of claim 1, wherein a spacing between any adjacent two of the shielded ground vias is less than or equal to 2 times an aperture of the shielded ground via.
6. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the second region comprises a first rectangular region, the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular region, and widths of the oppositely disposed second and third side shield ground holes are determined according to an operating frequency of the input signal.
7. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the second region comprises a first rectangular region, the input port is disposed on a first side of the first rectangular region, and a width of the input port is less than or equal to a side length of the first side.
8. The conversion device of claim 1, wherein the coupling window comprises a second rectangular region and the contact region comprises a third rectangular region, the second rectangular region having a width equal to a width of the third rectangular region.
9. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the shape of the coupled patch antenna comprises a rectangle.
10. The switching device of claim 9, wherein the coupled patch antenna is located in a center of the coupling window.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311760451.0A CN117712658A (en) | 2023-12-19 | 2023-12-19 | Conversion device from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311760451.0A CN117712658A (en) | 2023-12-19 | 2023-12-19 | Conversion device from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117712658A true CN117712658A (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311760451.0A Pending CN117712658A (en) | 2023-12-19 | 2023-12-19 | Conversion device from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117712658A (en) |
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- 2023-12-19 CN CN202311760451.0A patent/CN117712658A/en active Pending
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