CN117705945A - Unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on triple array signals - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on triple array signals, and belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection. The detection system is composed of a phased array ultrasonic detector, a scanner, two completely consistent phased array probes and a matching wedge block; connecting two phased array probes with a scanner, symmetrically placing the two phased array probes on two sides of a region to be detected, independently moving the probes, and acquiring full matrix data with stronger defect response in three signal acquisition modes; for each reconstruction point, 7 mode waves are screened to implement time delay superposition composite imaging; and respectively extracting the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of each reconstruction point in the three groups of composite images to perform normalization processing, and selecting a higher amplitude in the triple normalized images as the final amplitude of each reconstruction point, thereby realizing contour reconstruction and imaging characterization of priori unknown irregular defects. The method can intuitively identify the defect characteristics, has higher quantitative accuracy and has better engineering application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection, and relates to an unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on triple array signals.
Background
The area type defects represented by cracks are sharp in end points and large in stress concentration, and are easy to expand to cause component fracture, so that the defects are the defects with the greatest harm in engineering. The nondestructive detection can find defects on the premise of not damaging a detection object, quantitatively represents the defects, and is beneficial to information evaluation of structural performance, residual life and the like. In the existing nondestructive detection method, the ray detection is insensitive to the area type defect, and the defect depth information is difficult to give. Compared with the method, the ultrasonic detection sensitivity and the penetrating power are higher, the detection range is large, and the method is more suitable for detecting and quantifying the area type defects.
With the development of ultrasonic imaging detection technology, the characterization capability of the area type defects is continuously improved. The full focusing method and the synthetic aperture focusing technology implement delay superposition processing for the array ultrasonic signals acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe, so as to realize point-by-point focusing in the range to be detected, thereby obtaining an image with higher resolution. However, with conventional phased arrays and full focus detection of a priori unknown defects, ultrasound imaging results often only give defect endpoint information, which can lead to misinterpretation of defect type and number. In order to realize accurate identification of area-type defect characteristics, some signal post-processing technologies based on full-matrix captured data are developed. By taking account of the area type defect orientation variation, a multi-mode full focusing method is applied, and defect contour reconstruction can be performed by using mode waves under different sound beam paths, but the mode wave selection depends on a certain defect prior information (Jin S J, et al Comparison of morphology characterization for regular cracks with multi-mode total focusing method.far East NDT New Technology & Application Forum 2019, qingdao, china). On the basis, the strongest energy signals are selected from different mode waves to be subjected to compound processing, so that contour features (Jin SJ, liu CF, shi SQ, lin L, luoZB.Profile reconstruction and quantitative detection of planar defects with composite-mode total focusing method (CTFM) of a priori unknown area type defect are obtained, and NDT & E Int 2021; 123:102518) of the priori unknown area type defect can be obtained.
The above researches are carried out aiming at regular area defects, and the natural defects formed in the actual member to be detected are complex and random in morphology, and have multi-surface characteristics, and the orientation of the branching surfaces of the multi-surface characteristics is changed within the range of-90 degrees to 90 degrees. After one-time full matrix data acquisition and direct addition processing of different mode waves, the branching characteristics and the expansion trend of irregular defects can be roughly judged, but the contour reconstruction result is incomplete (Han XL, et al, communication of direct, half-skip and full-skip TFM to characterize multi-programmed mask.2015 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings). The matched filtering method further considers factors such as sound beam directivity, medium scattering, diffusion attenuation and the like, provides 21 mode fusion statistical analysis models, and is beneficial to realizing contour reconstruction of unknown stress corrosion defects (Bevan RLT, budyn N, zhang J, croxford AJ, kitazawa S, wilcox PD.data fusion of multiview ultrasonic imaging for characterization of large defects.IEEE Trans on Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2020;67 (11): 2387-2401). However, in the above method, FMC data are acquired at a single position, it is often difficult to acquire stronger reflected signals from multiple surfaces of irregular natural defects at the same time, and particularly for defect branching surfaces with approximate level, surface reflected waves cannot be obtained for imaging, which results in incomplete reconstruction of defect contours and reduced quantitative accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a contour reconstruction and imaging detection method suitable for a priori unknown irregular defects to achieve defect property identification and accurate quantification and localization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on triple array signals, which aims at solving the problem that the prior unknown irregular defect contour imaging reconstruction with a random orientation branching surface is difficult, two phased array probes are connected with a scanner and are symmetrically arranged at two sides of a region to be detected to form three groups of array signals which are collected in different receiving and transmitting modes, and the complete contour reconstruction and imaging detection of the unknown irregular defect are realized through single group array signal composite imaging, normalization processing and triple normalization image fusion.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on triple array signals adopts a detection system consisting of a phased array ultrasonic detector, a scanner, two completely consistent phased array probes and a matching wedge block, wherein the two phased array probes are connected with the scanner and are symmetrically arranged at two sides of a region to be detected to form three groups of array signals which are collected in total in different receiving and transmitting modes; for a single group of array signals, 7 mode waves are selected according to the directivity of the mode waves to implement compound imaging; on the basis, the composite image is normalized based on the maximum value and the minimum value of the respective amplitude values; finally, aiming at each reconstruction point of the region to be detected, selecting a higher amplitude in the triple normalized image as the final reconstruction amplitude of the point, thereby realizing contour reconstruction and imaging detection of priori unknown irregular defects; the method comprises the following steps:
(a) Detection parameter determination
Selecting a pair of phased array probes with identical center frequencies and array elements and a pair of identical angle wedges according to the material, shape and size information of the block to be tested;
(b) Two sets of full matrix signal acquisition
Connecting the phased array probes, the angle wedge blocks and the phased array ultrasonic detector selected in the step (a), wherein the two phased array probes are connected with the scanner and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the area to be detected, so that opposite directions of the driving shafts of the phased array probes are ensured; independently moving the two phased array probes to respectively determine acquisition positions with stronger defect signal response; then, fixing the phased array probe on a scanner to obtain clear intervals of the phased array probe and relative positions of the phased array probe and an imaging area, and collecting full matrix data by taking the center of the defined imaging area as a datum point; two phased array probes form three different array signal transmitting and receiving modes: a left probe self-collecting mode, a right probe self-collecting mode and a first-transmitting and first-collecting mode formed by the two probes; when the number of array elements of the two phased array probes is n, three groups of full matrix data containing n 2A scanning signals are collected in total;
(c) Reconstruction region meshing
Establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the interface between an angle wedge block and a block to be tested as an x-axis, taking a projection point of a first array element of a left block to be tested probe on the x-axis as an original point, taking the direction from the low end surface to the high end surface of the angle wedge block as an x-axis positive direction, taking the depth direction of the block to be tested as a y-axis positive direction, establishing the coordinate system, and dividing a region to be tested into M multiplied by N rectangular grids, wherein M and N are respectively the number of grid nodes in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; each grid node is defined as an image reconstruction point, and the coordinates of any reconstruction point P are (a, b);
(d) Mode wave time delay superposition and single group array signal composite imaging
For the spontaneous self-receiving mode of the phased array probe on the left side of the area to be detected, 21 different mode waves including 3 direct, 8 half-span and 10 full-span modes are generated in total when the transmitting array element I, the receiving array element j and the reconstruction point P are determined, for the kth mode wave, k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 21, and the delay superposition imaging amplitude I at the point P is more than or equal to 1 k (a, b) is given by formula (1);
wherein A is ij () For the transmission of the ith array element, the A scanning signal received by the jth array element is t ij-k (a, b) represents the time taken for the kth mode wave in the ith element excitation signal to propagate to the point P and be received by the jth element;
for different mode waves, propagation time is different when the waves pass through the P point, and corresponding time t is determined according to the Fermat's theorem and the coordinates of the transmitting and receiving array elements ij-k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When a single group of array signals are imaged, considering that the directivity of the mode waves is repeated and the artifacts after delay superposition are reduced, for any reconstruction point P in the detected area, only the strongest response signal in the 7 mode waves of TT, LL, LT, TLT, TTT, LTT, TTL is selected as the reconstruction amplitude I l (a, b) wherein L represents a longitudinal wave and T represents a transverse wave;
similarly, when the spontaneous self-receiving mode of the right phased array probe is obtained, the reconstruction amplitude I of the P point is obtained r (a, b), and a reconstructed amplitude of the P point in a transmit-receive modeI lr (a,b)；
(e) Normalization processing and triple image fusion
On the basis, respectively extracting the maximum value and the minimum value in each reconstruction amplitude value for the images after the respective composite imaging of the triple array signals, and carrying out minimum-maximum normalization processing on the basis of the maximum value and the maximum value, wherein the amplitudes of the reconstruction points in the same imaging region are normalized to a 0-1 interval;
wherein G is norm Is normalized amplitude, G max Is the maximum amplitude, G min Is the minimum amplitude;
the normalized amplitude values of the same reconstruction points P (a, b) are respectively obtained through the normalization processing of the formula (5) And->Then taking the highest value of the three as the reconstructed amplitude I of the triple array signal fusion image p (a,b)；
(f) Defect qualitative and quantitative detection
Repeating the steps (d) - (e), carrying out mode wave delay superposition, single-group array signal compounding, normalization processing and triple array signal fusion imaging on the reconstruction area point by point, so as to obtain a contour reconstruction image of the unknown irregular defect and carrying out qualitative identification; finally, the depth, size and inclination angle of the defect are quantified by using a-6 dB method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the triple-array signal-based unknown irregular defect imaging detection method disclosed by the invention considers the multi-surface characteristics of natural defects, utilizes a pair of phased array probes to independently acquire three groups of full-matrix data with stronger defect signal response at two sides of a region to be detected, and implements triple-array signal fusion imaging after mode screening, single-group array signal compounding and normalization to realize contour reconstruction and quantitative detection of priori unknown defects. The method not only can present the prior unknown irregular defect characteristics, but also can reconstruct the complete outline of the regular area type and volume type defects, and has wider applicability. Meanwhile, the method can be built in a phased array ultrasonic detector, and has great application prospect and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound detection system employed.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of an aluminum alloy coupon with irregular root defects.
Fig. 3 is a composite imaging result of a single set of array signals of irregular defects, wherein (a) is a left-side probe self-receiving mode, (b) is a right-side probe self-receiving mode, and (c) is a probe one-shot mode.
Fig. 4 is a triple array signal composite imaging result of an irregular defect.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and technical schemes.
An ultrasonic detection system adopted by the method for detecting unknown irregular defects based on triple array signals is shown in figure 1, and comprises a phased array ultrasonic detector, a scanner, a phased array probe and an inclined organic glass wedge block. The specific detection and treatment steps are as follows:
(a) The test block to be tested is an aluminum alloy test block with the thickness of 25 mm. An irregular defect is processed at the bottom of the test block and consists of two branches with the length of 4mm and different orientations. Wherein the lower branch angle is 0 deg., and the upper branch angle is 45 deg., as shown in fig. 2.
(b) And detecting defects by using a phased array ultrasonic detector and adopting two groups of phased array probes with center frequencies of 5MHz and 32 array elements matched with 45 DEG wedge blocks, wherein the sampling frequency is 100MHz, the longitudinal wave sound velocity of the wedge blocks is 2330m/s, the transverse wave sound velocity of an aluminum alloy test block is 3100m/s, and the longitudinal wave sound velocity is 6300m/s.
(c) And utilizing the full matrix capturing function of the phased array ultrasonic detector to respectively acquire array signals in three modes from two sides of the region to be detected, so as to obtain an A scanning signal matrix with stronger defect response.
(d) A rectangular coordinate system is established and the detection area is divided into 100 x 100 rectangular grids. For each grid point in the area to be detected, the propagation paths and the acoustic time of 7 different mode waves between each group of transmitting and receiving array elements in each signal acquisition mode are calculated.
(e) Fig. 3 shows the results of single-set array signal composite imaging of irregular defects. Obviously, it is difficult to reconstruct the complete outline of the irregular defect in all three modes, which is not beneficial to accurate identification and quantitative detection of defect properties.
(f) And performing minimum-maximum normalization processing on the single-group array signal composite image, and performing triple-array signal composite imaging to obtain an image shown in fig. 4. It can be seen from the figure that the profile of the irregular defect is completely reconstructed. Meanwhile, the upper branch length of the defect is calculated to be 4.16mm, the orientation angle is 46.64 degrees, the lower branch length is calculated to be 3.98mm, the orientation angle is calculated to be 0.05 degrees, and the errors are all within an acceptable range.
In conclusion, the method of the invention realizes contour reconstruction and imaging detection of irregular area type defects, has smaller quantitative and positioning errors and meets engineering requirements.
The description of the exemplary embodiments presented above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching to those of ordinary skill in the art. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to understand, make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The unknown irregular defect imaging detection method based on the triple array signals is characterized in that a detection system consisting of a phased array ultrasonic detector, a scanner, two completely consistent phased array probes and a matching wedge block is adopted, the two phased array probes are connected with the scanner and symmetrically arranged at two sides of a region to be detected, and three groups of array signals are collected in total in different receiving and transmitting modes; for a single group of array signals, 7 mode waves are selected according to the directivity of the mode waves to implement compound imaging; on the basis, the composite image is normalized based on the maximum value and the minimum value of the respective amplitude values; finally, aiming at each reconstruction point of the region to be detected, selecting a higher amplitude in the triple normalized image as the final reconstruction amplitude of the point, thereby realizing contour reconstruction and imaging detection of priori unknown irregular defects; the method comprises the following steps:
(a) Detection parameter determination
Selecting a pair of phased array probes with identical center frequencies and array elements and a pair of identical angle wedges according to the material, shape and size information of the block to be tested;
(b) Two sets of full matrix signal acquisition
Connecting the phased array probes, the angle wedge blocks and the phased array ultrasonic detector selected in the step (a), wherein the two phased array probes are connected with the scanner and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the area to be detected, so that opposite directions of the driving shafts of the phased array probes are ensured; independently moving the two phased array probes to respectively determine acquisition positions with stronger defect signal response; then, fixing the phased array probe on a scanner to obtain clear intervals of the phased array probe and relative positions of the phased array probe and an imaging area, and collecting full matrix data by taking the center of the defined imaging area as a datum point; two phased array probes form three different array signal transmitting and receiving modes: a left probe self-collecting mode, a right probe self-collecting mode and a first-transmitting and first-collecting mode formed by the two probes; when the number of array elements of the two phased array probes is n, three groups of full matrix data containing n 2A scanning signals are collected in total;
(c) Reconstruction region meshing
Establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the interface between an angle wedge block and a block to be tested as an x-axis, taking a projection point of a first array element of a left block to be tested probe on the x-axis as an original point, taking the direction from the low end surface to the high end surface of the angle wedge block as an x-axis positive direction, taking the depth direction of the block to be tested as a y-axis positive direction, establishing the coordinate system, and dividing a region to be tested into M multiplied by N rectangular grids, wherein M and N are respectively the number of grid nodes in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; each grid node is defined as an image reconstruction point, and the coordinates of any reconstruction point P are (a, b);
(d) Mode wave time delay superposition and single group array signal composite imaging
For the spontaneous self-receiving mode of the phased array probe on the left side of the area to be detected, 21 different mode waves including 3 direct, 8 half-span and 10 full-span modes are generated in total when the transmitting array element I, the receiving array element j and the reconstruction point P are determined, for the kth mode wave, k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 21, and the delay superposition imaging amplitude I at the point P is more than or equal to 1 k (a, b) is given by formula (1);
wherein A is ij () For the transmission of the ith array element, the A scanning signal received by the jth array element is t ij-k (a, b) represents the time taken for the kth mode wave in the ith element excitation signal to propagate to the point P and be received by the jth element;
for different mode waves, propagation time is different when the waves pass through the P point, and corresponding time t is determined according to the Fermat's theorem and the coordinates of the transmitting and receiving array elements ij-k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Single set array signal imagingIn the case of considering that the directivity of the mode wave is repeated and the artifacts after delay superposition are reduced, for any reconstruction point P in the detected region, only the strongest response signal in the 7 mode waves of TT, LL, LT, TLT, TTT, LTT, TTL is selected as the reconstruction amplitude I l (a, b) wherein L represents a longitudinal wave and T represents a transverse wave;
similarly, when the spontaneous self-receiving mode of the right phased array probe is obtained, the reconstruction amplitude I of the P point is obtained r (a, b), and a reconstructed amplitude I of P point in a transmit-receive mode lr (a,b)；
(e) Normalization processing and triple image fusion
On the basis, respectively extracting the maximum value and the minimum value in each reconstruction amplitude value for the images after the respective composite imaging of the triple array signals, and carrying out minimum-maximum normalization processing on the basis of the maximum value and the maximum value, wherein the amplitudes of the reconstruction points in the same imaging region are normalized to a 0-1 interval;
wherein G is norm Is normalized amplitude, G max Is the maximum amplitude, G min Is the minimum amplitude;
the normalized amplitude values of the same reconstruction points P (a, b) are respectively obtained through the normalization processing of the formula (5) And->Then taking the highest value of the three as the reconstructed amplitude I of the triple array signal fusion image p (a,b)；
(f) Defect qualitative and quantitative detection
Repeating the steps (d) - (e), carrying out mode wave delay superposition, single-group array signal compounding, normalization processing and triple array signal fusion imaging on the reconstruction area point by point, so as to obtain a contour reconstruction image of the unknown irregular defect and carrying out qualitative identification; finally, the depth, size and inclination angle of the defect are quantified by using a-6 dB method.
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