CN117680706A - Method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy - Google Patents
Method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN117680706A CN117680706A CN202311774834.3A CN202311774834A CN117680706A CN 117680706 A CN117680706 A CN 117680706A CN 202311774834 A CN202311774834 A CN 202311774834A CN 117680706 A CN117680706 A CN 117680706A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001068 laves phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003471 anti-radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of additive manufacturing superalloy, in particular to a method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy, which sequentially comprises the following steps: printing a plurality of metallographic test blocks by adopting a plurality of groups of different printing process parameters, carrying out metallographic porosity characterization on all metallographic test blocks, and selecting the printing process parameter of the metallographic test block with the lowest porosity as the optimal printing process parameter; printing a plurality of groups of mechanical property test stretching rods by adopting optimal printing process parameters; and thirdly, adopting a plurality of groups of different heat treatment processes to respectively heat treat each group of mechanical property test stretching rods, detecting mechanical properties of all mechanical property test stretching rods subjected to heat treatment, and determining that the heat treatment process is applicable according to the mechanical property detection results. The additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy has the lowest porosity, and can ensure that the plasticity of the additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy after heat treatment is improved, thereby meeting the standard requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of additive manufacturing superalloy, in particular to a method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy.
Background
Selective laser melting (selective laser melting, SLM for short) is an important technology in the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing). The SLM forming technology can directly form parts with complex structures without using a die, and has strong technical advantages in the field of manufacturing parts with complex structures, and in recent years, the technology is widely applied in the field of aerospace.
GH4169 is a precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy, has good comprehensive performance in the temperature range of minus 253 ℃ to 650 ℃, has yield strength below 650 ℃ at the first place of the deformation superalloy, and has good anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance, good processability and good welding performance. Can be used for manufacturing various parts with complex shapes, and has wide application in aerospace, nuclear energy, petroleum industry and extrusion dies in the temperature range.
At present, the GH4169 alloy prepared by SLM has the problem of poor mechanical property, and most of the heat treatment processes of GH4169 alloy are standard heat treatment (solid solution section: room temperature 25 ℃ for 3.5 hours is heated to 980 ℃ and 980 ℃ is kept for 1 hour, air cooling or argon rapid cooling is performed after the heat preservation is finished, aging section: room temperature 2.5 hours is heated to 720 ℃ and 720 ℃ is kept for 8 hours, 2 hours is cooled to 620 ℃ along with furnace after the heat preservation is finished, 620 ℃ is kept for 8 hours, and air cooling or argon cooling is performed after the heat preservation is finished). However, for the brand new manufacturing mode of additive manufacturing, there is a certain difference from the traditional cast and forged parts: at standard heat treatment solution temperature 980 ℃, only part of Laves phase and delta phase generated by rapid cooling of a molten pool can be dissolved into the alloy, and the residual Laves phase and delta phase cause the plasticity of the alloy to be reduced. This is the pain point that currently exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is to provide a method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy, which sequentially comprises the following steps: printing a plurality of metallographic test blocks by adopting a plurality of groups of different printing process parameters, carrying out metallographic porosity characterization on all metallographic test blocks, and selecting the printing process parameter of the metallographic test block with the lowest porosity as the optimal printing process parameter; printing a plurality of groups of mechanical property test stretching rods by adopting optimal printing process parameters; and thirdly, adopting a plurality of groups of different heat treatment processes to respectively heat treat each group of mechanical property test stretching rods, detecting mechanical properties of all mechanical property test stretching rods subjected to heat treatment, and determining that the heat treatment process is applicable according to the mechanical property detection results.
Preferably, in the first step, the printing layer thickness of the multiple groups of printing process parameters is 0.05mm, the scanning interval is 0.08-0.11 mm, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, the laser power is 300-400W, and the laser energy density is 50J/mm 3 -93J/mm 3 And taking values in the range.
Preferably, the optimal printing process parameters are: printing layer thickness of 0.05mm, scanning interval of 0.08mm, scanning speed of 1000mm/s, laser power of 300W, laser energy density of 75J/mm 3 。
Preferably, in the second step, each group of mechanical property test stretching rods comprises two mechanical property test stretching rods which are printed along the XY direction and the Z direction respectively.
Preferably, in the third step, each group of heat treatment process corresponds to heat treatment of at least two groups of mechanical property test stretching rods, wherein at least one group of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for room temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed, and at least one group of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for high temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed.
Preferably, in the third step, the solid solution temperature of the multiple groups of heat treatment processes is within the range of 980-1100 ℃, the solid solution treatment time is the same, and the aging treatment processes are the same.
Preferably, suitable heat treatment processes are: the solid solution temperature is within the range of 1020-1100 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious progress:
the method for improving the plasticity of the additive manufactured nickel-base superalloy provided by the invention determines the optimal printing process parameters of the SLM forming of the additive manufactured nickel-base superalloy and the applicable heat treatment process of the additive manufactured nickel-base superalloy printed by adopting the optimal printing process parameters through the printing process parameter test and the heat treatment process parameter test, so that the additive manufactured nickel-base superalloy has the lowest porosity, the plasticity of the additive manufactured nickel-base superalloy after heat treatment is improved, and the standard requirements are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving plasticity of an additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of a method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy is provided in the present invention.
The method for improving plasticity of the additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy in the embodiment sequentially comprises the following steps.
Printing a plurality of metallographic test blocks by adopting a plurality of groups of different printing process parameters, carrying out metallographic porosity characterization on all metallographic test blocks, and selecting the printing process parameters of the metallographic test block with the lowest porosity as the optimal printing process parameters.
Step one is SLM forming printing process parameter testing of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloys (e.g., GH4169 alloys) for determining optimal printing process parameters. The printing process parameters of the SLM forming comprise laser power, laser capability density, spot diameter, printing layer thickness, scanning speed, scanning interval, scanning strategy and the like.
In this embodiment, preferably, the printing layer thicknesses of the multiple groups of printing process parameters are all 0.05mm, the scanning intervals are 0.08mm-0.11mm, the scanning speeds are 900mm/s-1200mm/s, the laser power is 300W-400W, and the laser energy density is 50J/mm 3 -93J/mm 3 And taking values in the range.
Preferably, as shown in table 1 below, 28 sets of different printing process parameters are set, and each set of printing process parameters prints one metallographic test block respectively, so as to obtain 28 metallographic test block samples.
Table 1 printing process parameter test table
After printing, the 28 metallographic test block samples are subjected to metallographic embedding, grinding and polishing, and then are subjected to metallographic porosity statistics under a 50-time optical microscope, and the test results are shown in the following table 2.
Table 2 metallographic porosity test results of metallographic test blocks
As can be obtained from table 2, the porosity of the 28 metallographic test block samples with the number 2 is the lowest, i.e. the structural performance of the metallographic test block sample with the number 2 is the best, so the printing process parameter of the metallographic test block sample with the number 2 is selected as the best printing process parameter, i.e. in this embodiment, preferably, the best printing process parameter is: printing layer thickness of 0.05mm, scanning interval of 0.08mm, scanning speed of 1000mm/s, laser power of 300W, laser energy density of 75J/mm 3 。
And step two, printing a plurality of groups of mechanical property test stretching rods by adopting the optimal printing process parameters determined in the step one.
Preferably, in the second step, each group of mechanical property test stretching rods printed by adopting the optimal printing process parameters comprises two mechanical property test stretching rods respectively printed along the XY direction (transverse direction) and the Z direction (longitudinal direction). According to the requirement of GB/T228.1 metal material-tensile test on the size of a tensile bar, the size of the mechanical property test tensile bar printed along the XY direction (transverse direction) is 13mm x 75mm (rectangular bar), and the size of the mechanical property test tensile bar printed along the Z direction (longitudinal direction) is as follows: d13mm x 75mm (cylindrical bar) for easy differentiation.
And thirdly, adopting a plurality of groups of different heat treatment processes to respectively heat treat each group of mechanical property test stretching rods, detecting mechanical properties of all mechanical property test stretching rods subjected to heat treatment, and determining that the heat treatment process is applicable according to the mechanical property detection results.
And thirdly, testing a heat treatment process of the additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy (such as GH4169 alloy) printed by adopting the optimal printing process parameters, and determining a proper heat treatment process suitable for manufacturing the nickel-base superalloy by the additive. And (3) cutting the mechanical property test stretching rod printed in the second step from the substrate through wire cutting, and then feeding the substrate into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. The heat treatment process parameters comprise temperature, time, vacuum degree and the like.
In this embodiment, preferably, the solution temperature of the multiple sets of heat treatment processes is within the range of 980 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the solution treatment time is the same, and the aging treatment process is the same. Wherein, the solid solution treatment process is to keep the temperature at 980 ℃/1020 ℃/1060 ℃/1100 ℃ for 1 hour; the aging treatment process is that the temperature is kept at 720 ℃ for 8 hours, then the furnace is cooled to 620 ℃ and the temperature is kept at 620 ℃ for 8 hours; optional Low vacuum 10 -1 Pa or high vacuum 10 -4 Pa。
Preferably, as shown in table 3 below, 5 different sets of heat treatment processes are provided.
Table 3 heat treatment process parameter test table
| Sequence number | Solid solution process | Aging process | Vacuum degree/Pa |
| 1 | 980℃/1h | Furnace cooling at 720 ℃/8h to 620 ℃/8h | 10 -1 |
| 2 | 980℃/1h | Furnace cooling at 720 ℃/8h to 620 ℃/8h | 10 -4 |
| 3 | 1020℃/1h | Furnace cooling at 720 ℃/8h to 620 ℃/8h | 10 -1 |
| 4 | 1060℃/1h | Furnace cooling at 720 ℃/8h to 620 ℃/8h | 10 -1 |
| 5 | 1100℃/1h | Furnace cooling at 720 ℃/8h to 620 ℃/8h | 10 -1 |
Preferably, in the third step, each group of heat treatment process corresponds to heat treatment of at least two groups of mechanical property test stretching rods, wherein at least one group of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for room temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed, and at least one group of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for high temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed.
As shown in table 4 below, the results of room temperature tensile property tests were obtained for the mechanical property test tensile bars after the completion of heat treatment with 5 different heat treatment processes for each of the 5 groups.
As shown in Table 5 below, the results of the high temperature (650 ℃) tensile test were obtained for the mechanical property test tensile bars after heat treatment of 11 groups with 5 different heat treatment processes.
TABLE 4 results of room temperature tensile property test
TABLE 5 high temperature (650 ℃) tensile Property test results
As can be seen from table 5, standard heat treatment of nickel-base superalloy (e.g., GH4169 alloy) castings/forgings: the heat treatment process with 980 ℃ solid solution temperature is in the condition of disqualification of high-temperature tensile property at 650 ℃ (the elongation after fracture of the samples d, i and j does not meet the standard requirement), so the heat treatment process with 980 ℃ solid solution temperature is not suitable for additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy (such as GH4169 alloy). According to the test result of the heat treatment process parameters, in this embodiment, preferably, the heat treatment process is applied as follows: the solid solution temperature is within the range of 1020-1100 ℃. In the applicable heat treatment process, the aging treatment process is to keep the temperature at 720 ℃ for 8 hours, then cool the furnace to 620 ℃ and keep the temperature at 620 ℃ for 8 hours; the vacuum degree is low vacuum 10 -1 Pa。
Based on the steps one to three, the method for improving the plasticity of the additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy of the embodiment determines the optimal printing process parameters of the SLM forming of the additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy and the applicable heat treatment process of the additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy printed by adopting the optimal printing process parameters through the printing process parameter test and the heat treatment process parameter test, so that the additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy has the lowest porosity, the plasticity improvement of the additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloy after heat treatment can be ensured, and the standard requirement is met.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving the plasticity of the additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
printing a plurality of metallographic test blocks by adopting a plurality of groups of different printing process parameters, carrying out metallographic porosity characterization on all the metallographic test blocks, and selecting the printing process parameters of the metallographic test blocks with the lowest porosity as the optimal printing process parameters;
printing a plurality of groups of mechanical property test stretching rods by adopting the optimal printing process parameters;
and thirdly, adopting a plurality of groups of different heat treatment processes to respectively heat treat each group of mechanical property test stretching rods, detecting mechanical properties of all mechanical property test stretching rods subjected to heat treatment, and determining that the heat treatment process is applicable according to the mechanical property detection results.
2. The method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the printing layer thicknesses of the plurality of groups of printing process parameters are all 0.05mm, the scanning intervals are 0.08mm-0.11mm, the scanning speeds are 900mm/s-1200mm/s, the laser power is 300W-400W, and the laser energy density is 50J/mm 3 -93J/mm 3 And taking values in the range.
3. The method of enhancing additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy plasticity according to claim 2, wherein the optimal printing process parameters are: printing layer thickness of 0.05mm, scanning interval of 0.08mm, scanning speed of 1000mm/s, laser power of 300W, laser energy density of 75J/mm 3 。
4. The method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, each set of mechanical property test tensile bars comprises two mechanical property test tensile bars printed in XY direction and Z direction respectively.
5. The method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, each set of heat treatment process corresponds to heat treatment of at least two sets of mechanical property test stretching rods, wherein at least one set of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for room temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed, and at least one set of mechanical property test stretching rods is used for high temperature mechanical property detection after heat treatment is completed.
6. The method for improving plasticity of additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the solution temperature of the heat treatment process is equal in the range of 980-1100 ℃, the solution treatment time is equal, and the aging treatment process is equal.
7. The method of increasing additive manufacturing nickel-base superalloy plasticity according to claim 6, wherein the applicable heat treatment process is: the solid solution temperature is within the range of 1020-1100 ℃.
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