CN117664704A - Deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment and method - Google Patents
Deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device and a method, wherein the device comprises a pressure chamber in which a cubic rock sample is placed, a true triaxial static loading device, an explosive load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device; s1, applying a static load to a cubic rock sample through a true triaxial static loading device; s2, unloading the static load applied by the true triaxial static loading device; s3, applying blasting load to the cubic rock sample through the blasting load loading device; or electromagnetic load and hydraulic load are applied to the cubic rock sample through an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device; or simultaneously applying static load and dynamic load to the cubic rock sample through the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device. The invention can accurately analyze the mechanical property and dynamic response of the deep rock mass, and meets the comprehensive research requirements of the deep rock mass under different loading and unloading conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device and a method, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering detection equipment.
Background
Deep rock mass engineering is a critical area, including tunnels, mines, underground nuclear waste storage and other underground engineering. With the continuous development of shallow mineral resources and the construction of deep traffic, hydropower, railway and nuclear waste disposal projects, more and more mine and tunnel (cave) projects at home and abroad tend to develop deeply. In the exploitation or excavation process of the deep underground engineering, the underground surrounding rock can be damaged and destroyed to different degrees, and a plurality of special engineering geological disasters can occur, wherein the damage of rock burst, plate crack damage and rock burst is the largest. The occurrence mechanism of the engineering geological disasters is related to the specific stress environment in which the deep surrounding rock is located, namely high ground stress and engineering mining (or excavation) disturbance. Therefore, research on the mechanical properties and dynamic response of deep rock mass plays a vital role in safely and efficiently implementing underground engineering construction.
In the actual deep underground engineering, the deep surrounding rock is subjected to three-dimensional high static stress before exploitation and is in an equilibrium state; once mined, generally, is subjected to both static and dynamic loads, such as: under working procedures such as impact rock drilling, ore breaking blasting, mechanical cutting, ore breaking induction and the like, the tunneling working face and the working face surrounding rock can be subjected to unloading disturbance from the stress angle, part of working procedures can also have dynamic disturbance on the mined surrounding rock, and the deep surrounding rock in the near stope area can also be subjected to stress adjustment disturbance. In order to explore the mechanical properties of deep rock mass under different loads, experimental research occupies a very important position. The traditional true triaxial rock mechanical test mainly aims at acquiring the mechanical characteristics of the rock in a three-dimensional stress state and further researching the strength criterion and the damage mechanism of the rock. These tests typically apply static loads on rock mass samples to simulate the stress and strain of the rock mass under different engineering conditions, but although very useful for simulating static loading, this loading mode does not take into account the influence of the disturbance stress and the difference in stress path, and cannot reflect the disturbance effect, i.e. the combined action of dynamic and static forces, caused by the deep rock being subjected to three-dimensional high static stress in advance and then being exploited. Therefore, the static state born before deep surrounding rock exploitation and the disturbance state born after exploitation and exploitation process are considered simultaneously, namely dynamic and static combined loading rock mechanics must be studied, so that the mechanical characteristics and rules of deep surrounding rock in the whole exploitation process can be comprehensively and deeply known.
In summary, when the research of deep mining rock mechanics test is carried out, the traditional true triaxial test equipment generally cannot meet the requirements of dynamic loading and composite loading at the same time, and is not suitable for researching dynamic and static combined loading rock mechanics under the consideration of an initial stress environment and a stress path. Based on the requirements of deep underground engineering construction and the continuous exploration of the mechanical properties of deep rock under different loads, a novel device capable of simulating complex loading conditions is needed to analyze the mechanical properties and dynamic response of the deep rock more accurately so as to meet the comprehensive research requirements of the deep rock under different loading and unloading conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing technical problems, the invention provides a true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device and method for deep rock, which can simulate complex stress conditions of the deep rock by applying dynamic load and static load to the deep rock by considering static state born before exploitation of the deep surrounding rock, exploitation process and disturbance state born after exploitation is completed, so as to realize the technical purpose of meeting comprehensive research requirements of the deep rock under different loading and unloading conditions.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device, which comprises a pressure chamber, a true triaxial static force loading device, an explosion load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device, wherein the pressure chamber is provided with a cubic rock sample, and the true triaxial static force loading device, the explosion load loading device, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device are arranged on six sides of the cubic rock sample;
the true triaxial static loading device comprises an X-direction hydraulic loading rod, a Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and a Z-direction hydraulic loading rod which are in orthogonal alignment, an X-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the rear end of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod, a Y-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the rear end of the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and a Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the bottom end of the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod; the front end of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod, the front end of the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and the top end of the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod respectively extend into the pressure chamber and contact the adjacent first side face and second side face and the bottom face of the cubic rock sample;
the explosion load loading device comprises an explosion load loader and an explosion incident rod connected with the bottom end of the explosion load loader, wherein the bottom end of the explosion incident rod extends into the pressure chamber and contacts the top surface of the cubic rock sample;
the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device comprises a static hydraulic loading system, an electromagnetic pulse loading system and an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod, wherein the electromagnetic pulse loading system is arranged at the front end of the static hydraulic loading system, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod is arranged at the front end of the electromagnetic pulse loading system, and the front end of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod extends into the pressure chamber and contacts with the third side surface of the cubic rock sample;
the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device comprises a compensation loading cylinder barrel, a working piston, a free piston and a compensation loading rod, wherein the working piston and the free piston are sequentially arranged in the compensation loading cylinder barrel, the compensation loading rod is arranged at the front end of the working piston, and the front end of the compensation loading rod stretches into the pressure chamber and contacts with the fourth side surface of the cubic rock sample.
In the invention, the Z-direction hydraulic loading oil cylinder is arranged on the frame support, and the frame support is arranged on the base.
The invention further provides an explosive load loader, which comprises an explosive load loading cylinder barrel provided with an inner cavity, and a hole packer and a sealing cover which are respectively and hermetically connected with the top end and the bottom end of the explosive load loading cylinder barrel; the inner cavity is filled with a rock simulation material layer, the rock simulation material layer is provided with a charging hole, and the charging hole is filled with explosive; the hole packer is provided with a wire conveying hole, and the wire conveying hole is communicated with the top end of the charging hole.
The static hydraulic loading system comprises a loading oil cylinder, a servo control loading oil cylinder arranged at the front end of the loading oil cylinder and a piston rod arranged at the front end of the servo control loading oil cylinder.
The electromagnetic pulse loading system comprises a loading frame and an electromagnetic pulse generator arranged in the loading frame, wherein the front end of the electromagnetic pulse generator is tightly attached to the rear end of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod.
In the invention, the electromagnetic pulse generator is arranged on the electromagnetic pulse generator supporting base, and the electromagnetic pulse generator supporting base is arranged in the loading frame.
In the invention, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod is arranged on the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod supporting base.
In the invention, the compensation loading cylinder barrel is divided into a front chamber filled with gas, a middle chamber filled with oil liquid and a rear chamber filled with gas by the working piston and the free piston, the front chamber and the rear chamber are respectively provided with an air inlet, and the middle chamber is provided with an oil inlet.
In a further aspect of the invention, the compensating load lever is mounted to the compensating load lever support base.
The invention also provides a composite multifunctional method for loading and unloading the true triaxial power of the deep rock mass, which utilizes the composite multifunctional equipment for loading and unloading the true triaxial power of the deep rock mass and comprises the following steps:
s1, applying a static load to a cubic rock sample through a true triaxial static loading device;
s2, unloading the static load applied by the true triaxial static loading device;
s3, applying blasting load to the cubic rock sample through the blasting load loading device;
or, applying electromagnetic load and hydraulic load to the cubic rock sample through an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device;
or, through the automatic compensating and loading device of gas-liquid combination, static load and dynamic load are simultaneously applied to the cubic rock sample.
In summary, the device comprises a true triaxial static loading device, an explosion load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device, which are respectively used for applying static load, explosion load, electromagnetic load and hydraulic load, and static load and dynamic load to a cubic rock sample, thereby realizing the simulation of complex stress conditions of deep rock mass. In addition, the method considers the deep rock excavation process and the disturbance load effect, carries out true triaxial loading firstly, then carries out static load unloading, and finally applies different types of dynamic disturbance loads, so that after the deep rock excavation unloading effect is studied, the damage characteristics of the rock under the action of different types of disturbance loads are again carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
1. the traditional rock mechanics is mainly simple statics or dynamics, a theoretical system and a design test system are built according to a loading concept of a single path, scientific knowledge is relatively single, and the test requirements of deep mining rock mechanics cannot be met. Compared with the traditional true triaxial tester, the device expands test loading modes and functions. And the obtained true triaxial dynamic and static combination loading rock mechanical test results expand the scientific understanding of people on the aspects of mechanical response and energy characteristics of deep surrounding rock in the exploitation process.
2. The traditional true triaxial test machine generally only has a loading function, mainly focuses on the mechanical response and strength characteristics of rock materials in a loading state, can be used for simulating the damage of deep rock bodies under the three-dimensional high static force effect, cannot simulate the whole stress process of deep surrounding rocks in the mining process, and particularly generally does not have unloading and disturbance applying functions. The invention not only has loading function, but also increases unloading and disturbance functions, considers the static state born before deep surrounding rock exploitation and the exploitation process and the disturbance state born after exploitation is completed, truly realizes a dynamic and static combined loading mechanical test of 'three-dimensional high static stress + unloading + disturbance' under the true triaxial condition, and simulates the mechanical response, energy rule and destruction mechanism under deep surrounding rock explosion exploitation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device for deep rock mass according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the hydraulic loading device comprises a loading cylinder, 2, a servo control loading cylinder, 3, a piston rod, 4, a loading frame, 5, an electromagnetic pulse generator supporting base, 6, an electromagnetic pulse generator, 7, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod, 8, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod supporting base, 9, a compensation loading cylinder barrel, 10, a free piston, 11, a working piston, 12, a compensation loading rod, 13, a compensation loading rod supporting base, 14, a hole packer, 15, an explosion load loading cylinder barrel, 16, a rock simulation material layer, 17, a loading hole, 18, a sealing cover, 19, an explosion incidence rod, 20, a cubic rock sample, 21, a pressure chamber, 22, a pressure chamber base, 23, a Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder, 24, a frame support, 25, a base, 26, a Y-direction hydraulic loading rod, 27, a Z-direction hydraulic loading rod, 28, an X-direction hydraulic loading rod, 29, a Y-direction hydraulic loading cylinder and 30, an X-direction hydraulic loading cylinder.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: the invention relates to a true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device for a deep rock mass.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device, which comprises a pressure chamber 21 in which a cubic rock sample 20 is placed, and a true triaxial static loading device, an explosion load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device which are placed around six cubic rock samples 20, and the concrete description is as follows.
The cubic rock sample 20 includes six surfaces including a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, and a fourth side surface. Accordingly, the pressure chambers 21 may be configured as cubic bodies and placed in one-to-one correspondence with the six faces of the cubic rock sample 20.
In other embodiments, the pressure chamber 21 is mounted on a pressure chamber base 22.
As shown in fig. 1, the true triaxial static force loading device comprises an X-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 30, an X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28, a Y-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 29, a Y-direction hydraulic loading rod 26, a Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 23 and a Z-direction hydraulic loading rod 27, wherein the X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28, the Y-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 29, the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod 26, the Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 23 and the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod 27 are arranged at the front ends of the true triaxial static force loading device. Wherein, the X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28, the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod 26 and the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod 27 are aligned in the X-direction, the Y-direction and the Z-direction, and the front end of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28, the front end of the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod 26 and the top end of the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod 27 extend into the pressure chamber 21 respectively and contact the adjacent first side face and the second side face of the cubic rock sample 20 and the bottom face.
In other embodiments, the Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder 23 is mounted on a frame support 24, and the frame support 24 is mounted on a base 25.
In practice, the cubic rock sample 20 is placed in the cubic pressure chamber 21 and on the top face of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28. The true triaxial static loading device applies hydraulic pressure to the cube rock sample 20 through the X-direction hydraulic loading oil cylinder 30, the Y-direction hydraulic loading oil cylinder 29 and the Z-direction hydraulic loading oil cylinder 23 respectively, and applies 3 mutually independent pre-static stresses in orthogonal directions on the cube rock sample 20, so that the X-direction hydraulic loading rod 28, the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod 26 and the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod 27 respectively generate static loads on two adjacent side surfaces and the bottom surface of the cube rock sample 20, static load loading is realized, and the influence mechanism of initial stress on rock deformation damage can be studied.
In addition, the true triaxial static force loading device can set independent loading in three mutually perpendicular directions, for example: one side in the horizontal direction can be unloaded suddenly alone, exposing the side of the cubic rock sample 20, and then loaded vertically, so that the test study of single-sided unloading loading and unloading is performed.
As shown in fig. 1, the explosive load loading device includes an explosive load loader, and an explosive incidence rod 19 connected to the bottom end of the explosive load loader, and the bottom end of the explosive incidence rod 19 protrudes into the pressure chamber 21 and contacts the top surface of the cubic rock sample 20.
In other embodiments, the explosive load loader comprises an explosive load loading cylinder 15 with an inner cavity, a hole packer 14 connected with the top end of the explosive load loading cylinder 15 in a sealing way, and a sealing cover 18 connected with the bottom end of the explosive load loading cylinder 15 in a sealing way, and the bottom surface of the sealing cover 18 is connected with the top end of an explosive incident rod 19. Wherein the cavity is filled with a layer of rock simulating material 16; the rock simulation material layer 16 is provided with a charging hole 17; the explosive charging hole 17 is filled with explosive; the hole packer 14 is provided with a wire conveying hole, and the wire conveying hole is communicated with the top end of the charging hole 17.
In the concrete implementation, as the hole packer 14 and the explosive load loading cylinder 15 are in sealing connection, and the sealing cover 18 and the explosive load loader 15 are in sealing connection, the hole packer 14, the explosive load loader 15 and the sealing cover 18 form the explosive load loader, and a sealing space is formed among the hole packer 14, the inner cavity of the explosive load loader 15 and the sealing cover 18. A rock simulating material layer 16 is packed in the sealed space. The rock simulation material layer 16 is used for simulating the effects of shock waves and gas expansion waves generated after the explosive is exploded in the rock mass, and can push the explosion incident rod 19 to act on the cubic rock sample 20, so that dynamic loading is applied to the cubic rock sample 20, and further, the influence mechanism of explosion load on rock deformation and damage can be studied.
As shown in fig. 1, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device includes an electromagnetic pulse loading system, a static hydraulic loading system placed at the rear end of the electromagnetic pulse loading system, and an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7 placed at the front end of the electromagnetic pulse loading system, and the front end of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7 protrudes into the pressure chamber 21 and contacts the third side of the cubic rock sample 20. The third side surface may be opposite to the first side surface with which the X-direction hydraulic pressure applying lever 28 contacts, or may be opposite to the second side surface with which the Y-direction hydraulic pressure applying lever 26 contacts.
The static hydraulic loading system comprises a loading oil cylinder 1, a servo control loading oil cylinder 2 arranged at the front end of the loading oil cylinder 1, and a piston rod 3 arranged at the front end of the servo control loading oil cylinder 2.
The electromagnetic pulse loading system comprises a loading frame 4 connected with the front end of a piston rod 3, an electromagnetic pulse generator 6 arranged in the loading frame 4, and the front end of the electromagnetic pulse generator 6 is tightly attached to the rear end face of an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7.
In other embodiments, the electromagnetic pulse generator 6 is mounted on the electromagnetic pulse generator support base 5, and the electromagnetic pulse generator support base 5 is mounted within the load frame 4.
In other embodiments, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading lever 7 is mounted on an electromagnetic hydraulic loading lever support base 8.
In the implementation, during static loading, the loading oil cylinder 1 and the servo control loading oil cylinder 2 of the static hydraulic loading system apply hydraulic driving force to the piston rod 3, the hydraulic driving force is transmitted to the rear end face of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7 through the loading frame 4, and then the hydraulic driving force is transmitted to the cubic rock sample 20 along the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7, so that static loading of the cubic rock sample 20 is realized. During dynamic loading, an incident stress wave is generated through the electromagnetic pulse generator 6 and is transmitted into the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7 through the rear end face of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7, and then the incident stress wave is transmitted to the cubic rock sample 20 along the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod 7, so that dynamic loading of the cubic rock sample 20 is realized. Therefore, under the matched use of the electromagnetic pulse loading system and the static hydraulic loading system, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device realizes the dynamic and static loading of the cubic rock sample 20, and further can research the influence mechanism of electromagnetic pulse on rock deformation damage.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device comprises a compensation loading cylinder 9, a working piston 11 and a free piston 10 which are sequentially installed in the compensation loading cylinder 9 from front to back, and a compensation loading rod 12 connected with the front end of the working piston 11, wherein the front end of the compensation loading rod 12 extends into a pressure chamber 21 and contacts the fourth side surface of the cubic rock sample 20. The fourth side surface is adjacent to the third side surface with which the electromagnetic hydraulic pressure applying lever 7 contacts, and may be opposite to the first side surface with which the X-direction hydraulic pressure applying lever 28 contacts, or may be opposite to the second side surface with which the Y-direction hydraulic pressure applying lever 26 contacts.
The compensating loading cylinder 9 is divided into three chambers by a working piston 11 and a free piston 10, wherein the three chambers are a front chamber filled with gas, a middle chamber filled with oil and a rear chamber filled with gas respectively, the front chamber filled with gas and the rear chamber filled with gas are respectively provided with an air inlet, and the middle chamber filled with oil is provided with an oil inlet.
In other embodiments, the compensating load lever 12 is mounted on a compensating load lever support base 13.
In practice, the working piston 11 is pushed forward by filling oil into the oil inlet of the middle chamber, so that the compensation loading rod 12 connected with the working piston 11 moves forward, and load is transferred to the cubic rock sample 20 contacted with the compensation loading rod 12. When the cubic rock sample 20 is slightly destroyed, the gas in the front chamber expands rapidly, and the oil in the middle chamber drops rapidly, so that the pressure applied to the cubic rock sample 20 remains unchanged, and the overall pressure is continuously supplemented. And, since the rear chamber is in communication with the atmosphere through the air inlet, passive pressure in the rear chamber due to rapid destruction of the cubic rock sample 20 is prevented. Thus, the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device realizes quick and static loading of the rock material sample 20.
In summary, the device of the invention realizes static loading on the cubic rock sample 20 by arranging a true triaxial static loading device, dynamic loading on the cubic rock sample 20 by arranging an explosive load loading device, dynamic and static loading on the cubic rock sample 20 by arranging an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device, and quick dynamic and static loading on the cubic rock sample 20 by arranging a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device. In addition, the device not only simulates the complex stress condition of the deep rock mass, but also acquires the strength data of the cubic rock sample 20 under the condition of simultaneous dynamic loading and static loading of the cubic rock sample 20. In particular, the device can test the dynamic and static combined loading strength of the rock material by applying the impact load with higher strength to the cubic rock sample 20 after the impact wave and the gas expansion wave generated by the explosion of the explosive act on surrounding media, thereby meeting the comprehensive research requirements of deep rock mass under different loading and unloading conditions.
Example 2: the invention relates to a true triaxial power loading and unloading compound multifunctional method for a deep rock mass.
The embodiment provides a composite multifunctional method for loading and unloading true triaxial power of a deep rock mass, which utilizes the composite multifunctional equipment for loading and unloading the true triaxial power of the deep rock mass, and comprises the following specific steps:
and S1, applying a static load to the cubic rock sample 20 through a true triaxial static loading device. And, the bearing capacity of the cubic rock sample 20 under the static load is obtained based on the static load data, thereby obtaining the bearing static load data of the cubic rock sample 20.
And S2, unloading the static load applied by the true triaxial static loading device.
S3, applying different types of dynamic disturbance loads, including the following cases:
A. the true triaxial static loading device and the explosion load loading device are combined.
In practice, after the static load of the true triaxial static loading device is unloaded, an explosive is installed in the explosive load loading device and detonated to generate a blast load, thereby applying the blast load to the cubic rock specimen 20.
B. The true triaxial static force loading device and the electromagnetic hydraulic force loading device are combined.
In particular, after the static load of the true triaxial static loading device is unloaded, the electromagnetic load and the hydraulic load are generated by the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device, so that the electromagnetic load and the hydraulic load are simultaneously applied to the cubic rock sample 20.
C. The true triaxial static force loading device and the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device are combined for use.
In particular, after the static load of the true triaxial static loading device is unloaded, the dynamic load and the static load are simultaneously generated by the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loader device, so that the static load and the dynamic load are simultaneously and rapidly applied to the cubic rock sample 20.
The method of the invention considers the deep rock excavation process and disturbance load effect, firstly loads static load through a true triaxial static loading device, then unloads the static load, and then respectively applies different types of dynamic disturbance loads through an explosion load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device, thereby realizing the research on the damage characteristics of the rock under the action of different types of disturbance loads after the deep rock excavation unloading effect is studied.
In summary, the deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment not only has a loading function, but also can independently unload or apply low-frequency disturbance or impact disturbance. By using the device provided by the invention, mechanical tests under various combined conditions such as 'three-dimensional initial static stress (considering stress direction and size combination) +disturbance stress (such as unloading disturbance, low-frequency period disturbance, impact disturbance, stress adjustment disturbance and the like)', and the like can be performed, so that the mechanical response and the destruction rule of deep rock under complex mining environments and paths are simulated, and the scientific understanding of deep mining rock mechanics is deepened.
Claims (10)
1. The composite multifunctional equipment for loading and unloading the true triaxial power of the deep rock is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber in which a cubic rock sample is placed, and a true triaxial static loading device, an explosion load loading device, an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device and a gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device which are placed corresponding to six faces of the cubic rock sample;
the true triaxial static loading device comprises an X-direction hydraulic loading rod, a Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and a Z-direction hydraulic loading rod which are in orthogonal alignment, an X-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the rear end of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod, a Y-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the rear end of the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and a Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder arranged at the bottom end of the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod; the front end of the X-direction hydraulic loading rod, the front end of the Y-direction hydraulic loading rod and the top end of the Z-direction hydraulic loading rod respectively extend into the pressure chamber and contact the adjacent first side face and second side face and the bottom face of the cubic rock sample;
the explosion load loading device comprises an explosion load loader and an explosion incident rod connected with the bottom end of the explosion load loader, wherein the bottom end of the explosion incident rod extends into the pressure chamber and contacts the top surface of the cubic rock sample;
the electromagnetic hydraulic loading device comprises a static hydraulic loading system, an electromagnetic pulse loading system and an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod, wherein the electromagnetic pulse loading system is arranged at the front end of the static hydraulic loading system, the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod is arranged at the front end of the electromagnetic pulse loading system, and the front end of the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod extends into the pressure chamber and contacts with the third side surface of the cubic rock sample;
the gas-liquid composite automatic compensation loading device comprises a compensation loading cylinder barrel, a working piston, a free piston and a compensation loading rod, wherein the working piston and the free piston are sequentially arranged in the compensation loading cylinder barrel, the compensation loading rod is arranged at the front end of the working piston, and the front end of the compensation loading rod stretches into the pressure chamber and contacts with the fourth side surface of the cubic rock sample.
2. The true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment for deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the Z-direction hydraulic loading cylinder is mounted on a frame support, and the frame support is mounted on a base.
3. The deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device according to claim 1, wherein the explosive load loader comprises an explosive load loading cylinder barrel provided with an inner cavity, and a hole packer and a sealing cover which are respectively connected with the top end and the bottom end of the explosive load loading cylinder barrel in a sealing manner; the inner cavity is filled with a rock simulation material layer, the rock simulation material layer is provided with a charging hole, and the charging hole is filled with explosive; the hole packer is provided with a wire conveying hole, and the wire conveying hole is communicated with the top end of the charging hole.
4. The true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment for deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the static hydraulic loading system comprises a loading cylinder, a servo control loading cylinder arranged at the front end of the loading cylinder, and a piston rod arranged at the front end of the servo control loading cylinder.
5. The true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment for the deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic pulse loading system comprises a loading frame, an electromagnetic pulse generator is arranged in the loading frame, and the front end of the electromagnetic pulse generator is tightly attached to the rear end of an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod.
6. The true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment for deep rock mass according to claim 5, wherein the electromagnetic pulse generator is mounted on an electromagnetic pulse generator supporting base, and the electromagnetic pulse generator supporting base is mounted in a loading frame.
7. A true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device for deep rock mass according to claim 1 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that the electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod is mounted on an electromagnetic hydraulic loading rod supporting base.
8. The true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment for deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the compensating loading cylinder is divided into a front chamber filled with gas, a middle chamber filled with oil and a rear chamber filled with gas by a working piston and a free piston, the front chamber and the rear chamber are respectively provided with an air inlet, and the middle chamber is provided with an oil inlet.
9. A deep rock mass true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional device according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the compensating loading rod is mounted on a compensating loading rod support base.
10. A method for loading and unloading composite multifunctional of true triaxial power of deep rock mass, which utilizes the equipment according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, applying a static load to a cubic rock sample through a true triaxial static loading device;
s2, unloading the static load applied by the true triaxial static loading device;
s3, applying blasting load to the cubic rock sample through the blasting load loading device;
or, applying electromagnetic load and hydraulic load to the cubic rock sample through an electromagnetic hydraulic loading device;
or, through the automatic compensating and loading device of gas-liquid combination, static load and dynamic load are simultaneously applied to the cubic rock sample.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410003422.8A CN117664704A (en) | 2024-01-02 | 2024-01-02 | Deep rock true triaxial power loading and unloading composite multifunctional equipment and method |
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