CN117652069A - Control of energy storage devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Individual cell control of the energy storage device (1) will be achieved with less effort. For this purpose, a control device for controlling an energy storage device (1) is proposed, comprising a plurality of individual cells (2, 2'). In addition, the control device comprises a switching device having individual switching elements (4, 4') for one or more individual cells. The individual switching elements (4, 4') of the switching device are organized in rows and columns in a matrix-like manner. Each of the rows and columns of switching devices is activatable separately from each other such that each individual switching element (4, 4') can be individually switched on and off. A matrix control unit (5) is provided for generating a respective activation signal individually for each individual switching element (4, 4') of the switching device.

Description

Control of energy storage devices

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a control device for controlling an energy storage device comprising a plurality of individual electrical cells. Furthermore, the invention relates to an energy storage device having such a control device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method for controlling an energy storage device.

Background

Currently, the above-described control device for controlling the energy storage device is mostly part of a so-called battery management system. Such Battery Management Systems (BMS) typically consist of a Battery Management Controller (BMC) and one or more Cell Module Controllers (CMC). The BMC controls and monitors the CMC in a slave manner and represents an interface to a load (e.g., a vehicle). The BMS is also responsible for parameters that cannot be measured electronically, such as state of charge (SOC) or residual capacitance (SOH; health). CMC controls and monitors individual battery cells and/or battery modules (e.g., also temperature, current, voltage, etc.), and is also responsible for (typically passive) balancing. The battery module may be composed of a plurality of individual cells connected in series and/or parallel.

To achieve adequate service life, the battery cells must have the same performance, otherwise high balancing currents are generated, leading to premature battery failure. In addition, degraded or inefficient battery cells can lead to power loss because the weakest cell in a battery module determines the total power/capacitance of the module.

With the prior art, it is very expensive to individually and selectively switch on or off individual battery cells of the entire battery or module. This is another reason for installing dedicated high performance battery cells. The choice of these battery cells is limited by the so-called packaging method (only batteries with the same performance and the same electrical characteristics are used). This results in high costs and high rejection rates of the battery cells, since only the most efficient battery cells can be used.

Therefore, the known prior art has a disadvantage in that it is very expensive to individually activate each battery cell using a conventional BMS system. Thus, in general, the weakest battery cell always determines the capacitance and performance of the battery module or the entire battery. This may lead to premature degradation of the individual battery modules or the entire battery and a shortened service life.

A further disadvantage of this known technique is the cost and effort of packaging the battery cells. In addition, it is often not possible to shut down defective and degraded cells in the battery module to improve the performance and life of the entire battery.

In addition, passive balancing between all battery cells can lead to high power losses and high heat generation as well as degradation of individual cells. Thus, it is only possible in complex systems to charge individual cells individually, for example to save energy, to ensure a fast charge (optimized charging strategy) and to charge the still intact and undegraded battery completely, and on the other hand to dispense with weak cells by switching off.

Summary of The Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a control device for an energy storage device which allows an efficient operation at low cost. In addition, a corresponding control method should be specified.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a control device and a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims.

Accordingly, in accordance with the present invention, a control device for controlling an energy storage device is provided. The energy storage device may be a battery or accumulator. Such a battery or accumulator is used for electric vehicles (electric automobiles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, etc.), solar power plants, electric machine tools, etc. The energy storage device includes a plurality of individual cells. Typically, the individual cells are realized in all conceivable forms (e.g. cylindrical, prismatic, pouch cells) on the basis of lithium ions or in other battery technologies (e.g. sodium ions). The resulting individual cells typically provide voltages in the range of 2.4 to 4.2V (typically 3.7V). For vehicles, a plurality of such individual cells are connected, for example in parallel and in series, in order to produce an output voltage of, for example, more than 400V and a corresponding high current for a high-voltage system.

The control means comprise switching means having individual switching elements for one or more individual cells. Thus, the control device is based on intelligent single cell activation. This means that individual cells of the battery module or of the entire battery can be activated individually and separately by means of the invention. That is, each battery cell of the entire battery can thus be individually turned on and/or off.

As described above, individual cells may also be interconnected in groups in parallel and series, respectively, to form a module. These modules may in turn be activated individually and in turn optionally connected to the whole battery or energy storage device in parallel or in series with each other.

Intelligent single cell activation may eliminate the drawbacks of known battery management systems, such as switching individual cells on or off during charging and discharging, respectively, of an energy storage device.

The individual switching elements of the switching device are organized in rows and columns in a matrix-like manner. This does not necessarily mean that the individual switching elements must also be arranged in correspondence with a matrix. Instead, the individual switching elements are logically connected to one another, in particular in the form of a two-dimensional matrix. Wherein the individual switches may switch individual cells or modules of individual cells. Since the individual switching elements are organized into rows and columns, each individual switching element can be individually addressed or controlled via a row and a column.

Thus, in particular, each row and column of the switching device may be activated separately from each other, such that each individual switching element may be individually turned on and off. Thus, the rows may for example rise to a certain voltage level independently of each other. The same applies to columns. In particular, the rows may also be activated independently of the columns. Separate independent activation of separate switching elements is not required due to the activation of the rows and columns. Instead, all individual switching elements of a row and all individual switching elements of a column may be activated in common. In this way, the activation effort can be reduced accordingly. In particular, the activation effort may be reduced to twice the square root relative to the number of activation elements.

Furthermore, the control device comprises a matrix control unit for generating a respective activation signal individually for each individual switching element of the switching device. In particular, the individual activation signals consist of row signals and column signals. The two partial signals are transmitted via the respective rows and columns of the switching means, respectively. The matrix control unit is thereby able to feed the respective partial signals into the respective desired rows and desired columns, thereby activating the cell switches accordingly.

Thus, according to the present invention, a separate or multiple electronic switches at each battery cell may be provided. These electronic switches are activated by a smart matrix circuit. For example, the battery cells are activated and supervised by row and column decoders (e.g. demultiplexers). The implementation may be realized, for example, by an ASIC, FPGA, muc, etc. The general functional principle is based on techniques known in the digital arts (e.g. memory cell activation).

In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for the matrix control unit to comprise a single column control element and a separate row control element for each column. The column control elements and row control elements may be, for example, the mentioned demultiplexers, ASICs, FPGAs, etc. Thus, all columns of the matrix are activated by the column control elements. Instead, each row control element activates only a row of a single column. This configuration is advantageous, for example, if the individual modules are addressed by columns and the individual cells in the modules are addressed by rows. This means that each module is individually activatable by a column control element and each individual cell in the respective module is activatable by a row control element. In alternative embodiments, it may also be provided that different switches, whether module switches or individual cell switches, are handled in coordination. This means that coordinates in a two-dimensional matrix system are associated with only each of these switches. In this case it is sufficient if a single column control element and a single row control element are provided. In this document, the designations "column" and "row" may also be used interchangeably with each other.

Corresponding to a particular embodiment, each activation signal is a pulse, and each switching element is formed to also maintain at least a switching state caused by the pulse for at least a predetermined time after the respective pulse. Where the pulse is, for example, part of a sequential programming pulse, performed at least twice, to address all row and column control elements (on elements). It is often also necessary to maintain the switching state after the pulse, since the individual cells also output further energy after the corresponding switching on, for example for discharging the energy storage device. The same applies to the switching off of the individual cells. By switching off the pulse, the respective cell is disconnected from the composition and typically remains disconnected further from the composition. Thus, the switch state will be further maintained for a predetermined time after the pulse. For example, the switching state is maintained until a new pulse (e.g., a fixed period) reaches each switching element. Optionally, the switch state is maintained for a period of time after the pulse, which corresponds to a multiple of the pulse duration.

In an alternative embodiment, it is provided that the switching elements of the matrix (not the individual switching elements) are able to maintain a switching state. In this case, the activation signal may also be a pulse. At each node of a row and a column of the matrix control unit, matrix switching elements are arranged, wherein each matrix switching element is formed to also maintain a switching state caused by a pulse for at least a predetermined time after a respective pulse. In this case, therefore, the control lines are routed from each node of the matrix to separate switching elements, respectively. Here, the individual switching elements do not have to have the ability to store or maintain the switching state. Instead, the switching state of each switching element immediately changes with the voltage level at the output of the corresponding matrix switching element. In this type of matrix control unit, the entire activation (column-row decoder and matrix switching elements) can be implemented in a chip (ASIC, FPGA) containing enough "memory cells".

In a specific embodiment, it is provided that each individual switching element or each matrix switching element comprises a bistable relay, a bistable flip-flop, a floating gate transistor or a thyristor. All of these switching elements can have the ability to maintain the switching state for a longer period of time or in a permanent manner. For example, a bistable relay maintains the switch position after the excitation circuit is turned off, which occurs after the last excitation. The same applies to bistable flip-flops. A flip-flop, i.e., a flip-flop, is an electronic circuit whose output signal has two stable states. Wherein the current state depends not only on the input signal currently present but also on the state present before the point in time under consideration.

A floating gate transistor is a special transistor used in non-volatile memories to achieve permanent information storage. In a programming operation, the transistor stores energy on a so-called "floating gate", whereby the transistor is either drivable or not drivable. Thereby, the individual switching elements of the cells can be activated accordingly. Here, a one-time/sequential programming pulse (e.g., one column, one row, at least two operations in total) may be introduced, and the floating gate transistor stores this information and is thus turned ON/OFF (ON/OFF). This is particularly advantageous if the cell switching is then performed simultaneously. If this type of transistor technology is not suitable for such applications. Alternatively, they may act as control switches for FETs (cell switches) with very low Rdson (e.g., <5 milliohms).

A thyristor is an element that is capable of conducting, i.e. is non-conducting in an initial state, and can be turned on by a small current on the gate electrode. After turn-on, the thyristor remains on without gate current. When it is below the minimum current (i.e. the holding current), it is turned off.

According to another embodiment, as described above, the matrix control unit comprises an FPGA, a μc (microcontroller), an ASIC or a demultiplexer as column control elements and/or row control elements. The two control elements may be accommodated in the same chip. The column control elements and the row control elements may also be referred to as column decoders and row decoders, respectively. Through which it is achieved that one or more signals of the microprocessor are for example distributed to a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows, respectively. Wherein each column and each row may be individually activated via a column control element and a row control element, respectively.

According to the present invention, there is also provided an energy storage device having: a plurality of individual cells, each for storing energy, and a control device of the type described above. Wherein each individual cell may be individually turned on and off by one of the individual switching elements. As already mentioned, the energy storage device may be used as an energy storage for vehicles, solar power plants, electric tools, etc. In any case, it comprises a plurality of individual cells interconnected in parallel and/or in series, which can be individually activated with a low effort by the control device due to the matrix organization.

In a preferred configuration, the energy storage device comprises a power output at which the individual cells are switchable by the control device, wherein the control device is formed to generate an AC voltage, in particular an AC voltage having a sinusoidal progression, at the power output. Typically, a DC voltage is applied to the power output of an energy storage device having individual cells. The inverter may generate an AC voltage from the DC voltage. However, the inverter may be implemented by cycling the individual cells of the energy storage device with each other. In this way, the voltage at the power output may increase, for example, with more and more additional cells connected in series. When the individual cells are switched off in turn, the voltage at the power output can be correspondingly reduced again. Thus, if additional pole inversions are provided, a negative voltage can also be generated in this way. In particular, a sinusoidal progression of the output voltage can thus also be achieved. However, it should be noted therein that a sinusoidal shape can generally only be achieved by means of corresponding voltage steps, wherein each individual step of voltage corresponds to an individual cell. In certain cases, individual voltage steps may be turned on and off so that a virtual sinusoidal progression of voltage amplitudes may be generated at the power output (AC voltage). The negative amplitude can be generated by a corresponding electronic circuit, in particular an H-bridge. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to use a direct current motor (e.g. BLDC, brushless direct current motor) as the load. By means of the matrix arrangement, a very variable/continuously adjustable "direct current" power can be adjusted by switching the cells on and off quickly, whereby the torque of the DC motor will also be continuously variable and thus expensive converters or the like can be saved selectively.

In another embodiment, the energy storage device may comprise a power input at which individual cells may be individually switched by the control device for charging. Through the matrix circuit, each cell can be easily activated individually, and then the cells can be charged individually. In addition, the AC voltage can also be used directly for charging by switching on and off the cell switches (row/series), respectively. In a special configuration, the individual voltage levels can be switched on and off by the matrix circuit during charging, so that charging can take place at the AC voltage source corresponding to the sinusoidal voltage progression of the source.

According to the invention, the above object is also achieved by a method for controlling an energy storage device by switching individual cells with respective individual switching elements, the energy storage device comprising a plurality of individual cells, wherein the individual switching elements are organized into rows and columns in a matrix, and wherein each row and each column of the matrix are activated separately from each other, such that each individual switching element can be individually turned on and off, and a respective activation signal is individually generated for each individual switching element of the switching device for being turned on and off by a matrix control unit.

The advantages and the possibilities of variation mentioned in the context of the control device and the energy storage device, respectively, according to the invention are similarly applicable to the method according to the invention. Wherein the respective functional features are regarded as respective method steps.

Drawings

The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary battery topology with a battery management system;

FIG. 2 is a matrix circuit for activating individual cells of a battery storage device;

FIG. 3 is an alternate matrix circuit for activating individual cells of a battery storage device;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a floating gate transistor; and

fig. 5 is another embodiment of a matrix switching element.

Detailed Description

The embodiments described below represent preferred embodiments of the present invention.

In fig. 1, for example, the topology of a battery storage device, the structure of which is exemplarily shown. Fig. 1 shows an energy storage device 1 with a plurality of individual cells 2, 2'. Although the individual cells 2 represent standard utilization cells, the individual cells 2' are replacement cells. However, the energy storage device need not include such replacement cells 2'. The number of the individual cells, their arrangement and connection can also be selected arbitrarily.

In this embodiment, three individual cells 2, 2' are each interconnected to a module 3. In particular, the individual cells 2, 2' are connected in parallel within the module 3. A separate switching element 4 is connected in series with each separate cell 2, 2', respectively. Thus, if the respective switching elements 4 connected in series with the respective cells 2, 2 'are closed, the respective cells 2, 2' are connected in parallel to each other. Of course, it is also conceivable for the modules to be formed from cells connected in series and for them to be arranged in parallel with further modules.

Here, each module 3 additionally comprises a further individual switching element 4', which can be used to bypass the respective module 3. The bypass switch 4 'is connected in parallel with the parallel connection of the individual cells 2, 2' with their cell switches or the individual switching elements 4. Thus, while the individual cells can be switched individually by the cell switch 4, the individual modules 3 can be switched by the bypass switch 4'.

Here, all individual switching elements 4,4', i.e. all cell switches 4 and all module switches 4', are electrically controllable. Furthermore, each individual switching element 4,4' is connected to the activation logic 5 via a respective control line 6. The activation logic 5 is explained in more detail based on the exemplary schematic block diagram in fig. 2.

Here, the voltage of each module 3 is tapped by a battery module controller 7 (CMC). For the further module 3 a further cell module controller 7 may be provided. The battery management controller 8 (BMC) is superior to the battery module controller 7. The battery management controller 8 controls and monitors the cell module controller 7 and thus represents an interface to a load (e.g., a vehicle). In addition, the battery management controller 8 comprises a communication interface 9 via which communication interface 9 information can be exchanged with the activation logic 5 (alternatively, the activation logic can be integrated in the CMC). Thus, the battery management controller 8 may transmit a switching command to the activation logic 5, and on the other hand, the activation logic 5 may provide status data about the respective switching element 4,4' to the battery management controller 8.

The control of the individual cells 2 of the energy storage device 1 and the division of the individual cells into modules 3 by means of the cell module controller 7 and the battery management controller 8 are considered purely optional.

Fig. 2 reproduces a matrix circuit which can be used for the control device according to the invention. In other words, the matrix circuit shown can be used as the activation logic 5 for the respective cells 2, 2' and modules 3. The matrix circuit is based on a two-dimensional matrix with rows and columns. Thus, the matrix circuit comprises row control lines 10 and column control lines 11. The row control lines 10 are fed by a row decoder 12. The row decoder 12 preferably comprises a ground connection GND. For example, the row decoder 12 is formed as an FPGA, an ASIC, or a demultiplexer. The row decoder 12 can be connected to a microprocessor 14 by means of a selection line 13. The select line 13 is preferably used for binary signal transmission. Thus, for example 16 rows can be selected by means of four selection lines 13. Thus, if the serial bit stream is clocked alternately into the shift register, any number of outputs can be controlled.

In the same way, the column control line 11 is supplied by a column decoder 15. It is also activated by the microprocessor 14 via the selection line 13. Here, three select lines 13 are exemplarily provided so that eight columns can be activated in the case of binary control. Of course, the number of rows and columns is arbitrarily selected.

Optionally, row control lines 10 are powered by row decoder 12 via optocoupler 16. These optocouplers 16 ensure galvanic isolation of the row control line 10 and the row decoder 12. In the same way, the column control line 11 may also be connected to the column decoder 15 via an optocoupler 16, so that the different voltage levels of the rows/columns can be switched reliably. Thus, the LV range may be appropriately separated from the HV range, in particular.

A matrix switching element 18 or a cell switching element is arranged at each node 17 of the matrix, i.e. at each intersection of a row control line 10 and a column control line 11. Thus, the electrode of the matrix switching element 18 is connected to the corresponding column control line 11, and the other electrode of the matrix switching element 18 is connected to the corresponding row control line 10. In fig. 2, the matrix switching elements 18 are symbolically represented by transistors. For example, the control electrodes (base or gate) are connected to respective row control lines 10, and the electrodes (e.g., emitter or drain) of the power supply paths are connected to respective column control lines 11. Preferably, the matrix switching element 18 is formed by a MOSFET 19. The matrix switching element 18 comprises each output terminal 20 at the second electrode of the power supply path. Which is connected to a corresponding control line 6 of the activation logic 5 (compare fig. 1). Accordingly, the respective individual switching elements 4,4' may be directly activated by the matrix switching element 18.

An alternative activation logic 5 in the form of a matrix circuit is reproduced in fig. 3. The matrix circuit substantially corresponds to the matrix circuit of fig. 2. Thus, the description of FIG. 2 above applies as well, with the following exceptions: instead of using a single row decoder 12, a plurality of row decoders 12' are used here. Each row decoder 12' activates a corresponding matrix switching element 18 and a row of a single column of the matrix, respectively. Thus, the matrix switching elements 18 and the rows of the first column in fig. 3 are each activated by the row decoder 12' shown above. The matrix switching elements 18 and the rows of the second column in fig. 3 are activated by the row decoder 12' shown below, respectively, and so on. Each column of the matrix may be used, for example, to activate one of a plurality of modules of the energy storage device. The module-specific row decoder 12' can then be used to activate the respective switching element 4,4' at the respective cell 2, 2'. However, these columns need not be associated with fixed modules. Other groupings and associations of rows and columns with switching elements, respectively, are also possible.

For the operation of the energy storage device, it is often the case that most individual cells are turned on during operation. Only in special cases, one or several individual cells are switched off during operation and optionally replaced with replacement cells. For cell switches, i.e. the individual switching elements 4 of the switching device, this means that they are predominantly switched on during operation. Thus, if, for example, usual transistors are used for the individual switching elements, which are only turned on when activated, these transistors must in fact be permanently activated for the described purpose of use. If the matrix were to turn off a single cell while all other cells remain on, the matrix would not easily achieve this. Basically, of course, the individual cells can be activated cyclically, wherein a common transistor can be used as a switching element. In this way, for example, a pulsed direct current can be established by the matrix control, wherein the individual cells or individual cell groups are each switched on and off sequentially in a cyclic manner. In a similar manner, alternating currents or AC voltages can also be generated, for example, by such common transistors and matrix circuits, wherein the switches are switched via the matrix circuit such that a corresponding AC voltage is generated due to the interconnection of the individual cells.

However, if the operating voltage is to be kept at a high DC voltage as is usual in vehicles, in which a major part of the individual cells are turned on, it is therefore necessary to equip the individual switching elements 4,4' or the matrix switching elements 18 of the activation logic 5 with a kind of memory function. In particular, they should maintain the switching state for a longer period of time even if the activation, for example by a pulse, has been terminated.

For example, the floating gate transistor shown in fig. 4 may be used as a switching element having a memory capability. The floating gate transistor 21 includes, for example, a p-doped substrate and n-regions for each of the source 22 and the drain 23. A control electrode or gate 24 is located between the drain and source and connects the n-regions thereof as in a typical MOSFET transistor. Wherein the gate 24 is insulated from the p-doped substrate by an oxide layer 25. The floating gate 26 is embedded in the insulating oxide layer 25. During programming, positive charge is stored in the floating gate 26. By these positive charges a permanent conductive channel is created between the n-regions of the source 22 and drain 23. The conductive channel remains present at least as long as charge remains stored in the floating gate 26. Thereby, a corresponding memory effect is produced and the switching state of the floating gate transistor can be adjusted by the respective programming.

In alternative embodiments, the circuit shown in fig. 5 may be used for matrix switching elements 18. Here, the circuit includes two P-FETs (field effect transistors) 27, 28 and three N-FETs 29, 30, 31. The first terminal of the drain-source channel of the first P-FET 27 is connected to the first terminal of the drain-source channel of the second P-FET 28 and to the supply voltage. A second terminal of the drain-source channel of first P-FET 27 is connected to a first terminal of the drain-source channel of first N-FET 29. A second terminal of the drain-source channel of second P-FET 28 is connected to a first terminal of the drain-source channel of second N-FET 30. A second terminal of the drain-source channel of first N-FET 29 is connected to a second terminal of the drain-source channel of second N-FET 30 and to ground. The gate of first P-FET 27 and the gate of first N-FET 29 are connected to each other and to a first terminal of the drain-source channel of second N-FET 30. The control electrode of the second P-FET 28 and the control electrode of the second N-FET 30 are connected to each other and to a second terminal of the drain-source channel of the first P-FET 27.

The third N-FET 31 is connected to the column control line 11 at one terminal of the drain-source channel and to the second terminal of the drain-source channel of the first P-FET 27 through the other terminal of the drain-source channel. The terminal represents an output 32, to which output 32 a cell switch or a separate switching element 4,4' is connected. The control electrode of the third N-FET 31 is connected to the row control line 10. The circuit maintains the corresponding state at output 32 until it is reprogrammed via the third N-FET 31 and the two control lines 10, 11, respectively. The circuit may also be implemented by other components that operate in a similar manner.

However, matrix switches with memory function may also be implemented, for example, by bistable relays or bistable triggers. If these switching elements with a memory function are used for the cell switches, they should accordingly be low-ohmic.

By means of the control device for controlling the energy storage device as exemplarily shown above, a number of advantages are obtained. On the one hand, specific switching on and/or off of the individual battery cells and/or of the individual battery modules is possible. Similarly, specific, intelligent, and individual balancing of individual battery cells (i.e., individual cells) may be performed. Furthermore, a novel balance is allowed to be employed, including a novel charging strategy for the entire battery. Therefore, heat loss and energy consumption are greatly reduced. In addition, a gentle and complete charging of all battery cells, respectively, can be achieved. The overall battery capacity and life may also be increased. In addition, degraded or defective cells can be turned off. Furthermore, replacement cells may be turned on to replace defective and/or degraded cells.

In addition, by immediately turning off all the battery cells in a dangerous state, the overall safety of the battery can be improved. Furthermore, since a single cell may be turned off, there is no danger of high voltage. With the novel possibility of individual cell activation, the packaging of the battery cells is no longer mandatory. Cells with different capacitances (also not high performance battery cells) can be used because intelligent activation will automatically take over the packaging within the entire battery. This results in a significant reduction in the cost of the overall battery and production process. Finally, it is now also possible to activate all individual battery cells directly, so that the AC voltage signal (in any form) can be generated and output directly, for example without a conventional converter. Thus, in addition to the direct current load, the alternating current load can be directly operated.

List of reference characters:

1. energy storage device

2. 2' individual cells

3. Module

4,4' individual switching elements

5. Activating logic, matrix control unit

6. Control line

7. Cell module controller

8. Battery management controller

9. Communication interface

10. Line control line

11. Column control line

12. 12' row decoder, row control element

13. Select line

14. Microprocessor

15. Column decoder and column control element

16. Optical coupler

17. Node

18. Matrix switching element

19 MOSFET

20. Output terminal

21. Floating gate transistor

22. Source electrode

23. Drain electrode

24. Grid electrode

25. Oxide layer

26. Floating grid

27、28 P-FET

29、30、31 N-FET

Claims (10)

1. Control device for controlling an energy storage device (1) comprising a plurality of individual cells (2, 2'),

it is characterized in that

-a switching device having individual switching elements (4, 4 ') for one or more of the individual cells (2, 2'), wherein

-the individual switching elements (4, 4') of the switching device are organized in rows and columns in a matrix-like manner, and wherein

Each of the rows and columns of the switching device being activatable separately from each other such that each of the individual switching elements (4, 4') can be individually switched on and off,

-a matrix control unit (5) for generating a respective activation signal individually for each individual switching element (4, 4') of the switching device.

2. The control device according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that

The matrix control unit (5) comprises a single column control element (15) and a separate row control element (12') for each column.

3. The control device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that

Each control signal is a pulse and each individual switching element (4, 4') is formed to further maintain a switching state caused by the pulse at least for a predetermined time after the corresponding pulse.

4. The control device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that

Each activation signal is a pulse, a matrix switching element (18) being provided at each node (17) of said rows and columns of the matrix control unit (5), each matrix switching element (18) being further formed to maintain a switching state caused by a respective pulse at least for a predetermined time after said pulse.

5. The control device according to claim 3 or 4,

it is characterized in that

Each individual switching element (4, 4') or each matrix switching element (18) comprises a bistable relay, a bistable flip-flop, a floating gate transistor (21) or a thyristor.

6. The control device according to claim 2,

it is characterized in that

The matrix control unit (5) comprises an FPGA, an ASIC or a demultiplexer as the column control elements (15) and/or as the row control elements (12, 12').

7. An energy storage device comprising

-a plurality of individual cells (2, 2') for storing energy, respectively, and

-a control device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein

-each of said individual cells (2, 2 ') can be individually switched on and off by one of the individual switching elements (4, 4').

8. The energy storage device of claim 7,

it is characterized in that

The power output to which the individual cells (2, 2') can be switched by a control device, wherein the control device is formed to generate an AC voltage at the power output, in particular with a sinusoidal progression.

9. The energy storage device of claim 7 or 8,

it is characterized in that

A power supply input to which the individual cells (2, 2') can be individually switched for charging by the control device.

10. Method for controlling an energy storage device (1) comprising a plurality of individual cells (2, 2'),

it is characterized in that

-switching the individual cells (2, 2 ') by means of individual switching elements (4, 4'), wherein

-the individual switching elements (4, 4') are organized in a matrix in rows and columns, and wherein

Each of the rows and columns of the matrix being activated separately from each other such that each of the individual switching elements (4, 4') can be individually switched on and off,

-generating a respective activation signal individually for each individual switching element (4, 4') of the switching device to be switched on and off by a matrix control unit (5).