CN117649119A - VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method - Google Patents
VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on the VCG theory comprises the following steps: 1) Constructing two scenes of a clean energy unit before and after the clean energy unit is connected into a power system; 2) Estimating the total carbon emission of the power system in the construction stage under two scenes; 3) Estimating the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage under two scenes; 4) And evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit according to the total carbon emission of the two scenes in the construction stage and the operation stage. The evaluation method for the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy based on the VCG theory can be used for quantitatively evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy by combining the carbon footprint theory with the operation scene simulation of the power system. The method can be widely applied to evaluation of the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy, provides a theoretical basis for designing a market mechanism for stimulating participation of the clean energy, and promotes resource development and utilization with high carbon emission reduction value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power markets, in particular to a clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on a VCG theory.
Background
The proposal of the double carbon target provides higher requirements for the carbon emission reduction strength of China. Currently, about 70% of carbon emissions nationally come from the energy industry, which is the highest-duty industry. Therefore, establishing a low-carbon power system is an effective way to achieve the goal of "two carbons", and promoting the development of clean energy is a key means therein. Therefore, a green market is established in China, so that clean energy sources such as wind, light, water and electricity can obtain extra benefits by virtue of the low-carbon characteristics of the clean energy sources, and further development and utilization of the clean energy sources are promoted. However, in the current market, different clean energy sources are equally regarded (i.e. 1 green license can be obtained every time the clean energy source emits 1MWh of electricity and transactions are performed in the green license market), and the differentiated carbon emission reduction value of the different clean energy sources for the whole system is not distinguished. In fact, the carbon emission reduction value of different resources may vary greatly. For example, the hydroelectric generating set generates electricity more stably and has good flexibility, and the new energy generating set such as wind, light and the like has random fluctuation characteristics, and the thermal generating set is required to provide corresponding auxiliary services, so that negative external carbon emission cost is generated. In order to distinguish the carbon emission reduction value difference of different resources in the market mechanism, thereby stimulating the development and utilization of resources with high carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction value of different resources for the whole system needs to be accurately estimated.
To evaluate the carbon emission reduction value of different resources, existing research has focused on measuring and calculating the total carbon emissions, i.e., the "carbon footprint", of the resources over their full life cycle. The main research methods at present include a process analysis method, a input-output analysis method and a mixed analysis method. The process analysis method takes process analysis as a basic point, is a bottom-up analysis method, and calculates the full life cycle carbon emission factor of a study object by acquiring all input (construction and operation consumption) and output (generating capacity) data of a generating resource in a life cycle through field monitoring and research or other database data collection, so as to represent the carbon emission quantity generated by the generating capacity unit in the full life process, and evaluates the carbon emission reduction value of different resources by comparing the full life cycle carbon emission factors of different resources. The process analysis method utilizes a detailed data list to calculate the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the resource, the calculation result is accurate, but the process needs to be thoroughly understood, mass data are collected, various boundary conditions are determined, and the calculation process is complex. The input-output analysis rule is a top-down analysis method, and the method firstly obtains an input-output table of energy consumption and carbon emission level calculated by industries and departments (such as an input-output table of the whole hydropower industry calculated by related departments), and then calculates the carbon emission of the resource according to the input condition of the resource to be calculated. The method has the advantages that the calculation process is simple, the data collection is relatively easy, the input-output table is obtained by calculation aiming at the whole industry, the carbon emission condition of a specific resource is difficult to fully consider, and the calculation result is relatively rough. And the mixed analysis method analyzes and classifies the carbon emission elements in the whole resource process, adopts a process analysis method for the elements capable of acquiring the detailed data list, adopts an input-output analysis method for other elements, and finally obtains the whole carbon emission of the resource by the carbon emission of all the elements. The method combines the advantages of a process analysis method and an input-output method, and can obtain more accurate carbon emission factors of the whole life cycle of the resource. In summary, the existing research mainly considers the material consumption, the energy consumption, the equipment transportation and the like in the construction, operation and maintenance processes to evaluate the full life cycle carbon emission factor of clean energy. However, the above-mentioned researches have focused mainly on the calculation of carbon emissions of clean energy sources themselves, and their emission reduction effect on the overall carbon emissions of electric power systems has not been studied.
In addition, from the standpoint of low-carbon planning and low-carbon scheduling, the minimum system carbon emission level is introduced into the planning and scheduling targets, and the overall system carbon emission level is reduced by reasonably making a planning scheme and scheduling scheme of power generation resources. However, such studies only focused on the reduction of overall carbon emissions from the system, and no evaluation analysis was made on the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy from an individual point of view.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on a VCG theory, which comprises the following steps:
1) And the clean energy unit is connected to the power system, and the clean energy unit is not connected to the power system.
2) The overall carbon emissions of the power system at the construction stage are estimated in both scenarios.
3) The overall carbon emissions of the power system during the run phase in both scenarios were estimated.
4) And evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit according to the total carbon emission of the two scenes in the construction stage and the operation stage.
Further, the overall carbon emissions at the build stage are obtained by multiplying each energy unit by a corresponding historical unit build carbon emission factor.
Further, the overall carbon emission calculation formula of the electric power system at the construction stage is as follows:
E cons ＝α cons,t ×A t +α cons,h ×A h +α cons,r ×A r (1)
Wherein E is cons Is the overall carbon emissions of the electrical system under evaluation during the construction phase. Alpha cons,t 、α cons,h 、α cons,r And the carbon emission factors of the historic units of the thermal power unit, the clean energy unit and the new energy unit are respectively shown. A is that t 、A h 、A r And respectively representing the total capacity of a thermal power unit, a clean energy unit and a new energy unit in the electric power system.
Further, the overall carbon emissions during the run phase are estimated in combination with a time series production simulation and a unit power generation carbon emission factor.
Further, the step of estimating the overall carbon emissions of the electric power system during the run phase in both scenarios comprises:
1) And establishing a carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
2) And calculating the emission quantity of each unit in the power system in the current scene by using the carbon emission quantity evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
3) And summing the emission of all the units to obtain the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage in the current scene.
Further, the objective function of the operational stage unit carbon emission assessment model is as follows:
where T is time and T is a set of scheduled time periods. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. b coal Is coal cost.The cost is respectively upper standby cost and lower standby cost. b hy Is the running cost of water and electricity. b cur The cost of wind and light is reduced. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energySource unit i h Is a spare capacity. />New energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device.
Further, constraint conditions of the operation stage unit carbon emission assessment model comprise load balance constraint, standby constraint, line tide constraint, thermal power unit start-stop cost constraint, minimum start-stop duration constraint, thermal power unit output and operation standby constraint, thermal power unit climbing power constraint, clean energy unit output and operation standby constraint, clean energy unit climbing power constraint, hydropower balance constraint, hydro-electric conversion constraint, new energy output constraint and new energy waste wind and light waste constraint.
Further, the load balancing constraints are as follows:
where t is time, D is load, and D is a set of loads. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. P (P) d,t And the load demand is t time.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system.
The backup constraints are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the upper standby requirement of the system at the time t. />Is the next standby requirement of the system at time t.Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity.
The line flow constraints are as follows:
P l min ≤∑ i∈I G l-i P i,t -∑ d∈D G l-d P d,t ≤P l max ,l∈L,t∈T (5)
where T is the set of scheduled time periods. I. L is the set of units and lines respectively. P (P) l max 、P l min The upper and lower limits of the transmission capacity of the line l are indicated, respectively. G l-i 、G l-d The power transfer distribution factors of the unit i, the load d to the line l are represented respectively. P (P) i,t The power generated by the unit i at the time t.
The thermal power generating unit start-stop cost constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t And the start-stop state is in a period t and a period t-1. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device. />Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be started up for a single time. / >Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be stopped once.
The minimum start-stop duration constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t A minimum start-up, minimum shut-down duration of (a).Respectively represent the thermal power generating unit i at the time t t For a sustained start-up, shut-down time.
The thermal power generating unit output and operation reserve constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). />Respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the thermal power generating unit is as follows:
the constraints of the output and the operation reserve of the clean energy unit are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). /> Respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the clean energy unit is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,clean energy unit i at time t-1 h Is a power generation system.
The hydropower balance constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Reservoir capacity at the end of the t, t-1 time period. />Respectively represent clean energy units i h And scheduling the storage capacity at the beginning and the end of scheduling. />For clean energy unit i h Delivery traffic at time t. / >For clean energy unit i h The flow rate of power generation at the t period. />For clean energy unit i h Reject flow at time t.For clean energy unit i h Incoming water flow rate at time t. Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
The hydropower conversion constraint is as follows:
wherein H is 1 ,H 2 ,H 3 Are all the water-electricity conversion relation coefficients of the clean energy unit.
The new energy output constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a new energy unit i r The force is predicted at time t.
The new energy wind and light discarding constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,new energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power.
Further, the calculation formula of the total carbon emission of the electric power system in the operation stage is as follows:
wherein alpha is t 、α h 、α r And respectively representing the running carbon emission factors of thermal power, hydroelectric power and new energy. E (E) ope For the power system to operateOverall carbon emissions for the line stage. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system. T is time, T is the set of scheduled time periods. Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
Further, the sum of the total carbon emissions at the build stage and the run stage is inversely related to the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy source.
The carbon emission reduction value of clean energy is used to evaluate the carbon emission of clean energy.
The technical effect of the invention is undoubtedly that the invention provides a clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation framework based on the VCG theory. VCG theory considers the value of a market member to be the cost increment of other market members after removing the market member. Accordingly, the present invention defines the carbon emission reduction value of a clean energy source as an increase in the overall carbon emissions of the system after removal of the clean energy source. Therefore, the proposed framework will respectively construct two scenes of access and non-access of a certain clean energy source, and respectively measure and calculate the total carbon emission of the system in the construction and operation stages under the two scenes, and evaluate the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy source by comparing the difference of the total carbon emission under the two scenes.
The invention provides a method for calculating total carbon emission of a system from two aspects of a construction stage and an operation stage. Aiming at the carbon emission in the construction stage, estimating the carbon emission of different resources in the construction stage by adopting a typical unit data conversion calculation method; aiming at the carbon emission in the operation stage, simulating the operation condition of the system by a time sequence production simulation method, obtaining the power generation conditions of different units, and calculating the carbon emission of the different units in the operation stage by combining the typical power generation carbon emission factors of the different units; finally, the overall carbon emission level of the system is obtained by integrating the carbon emissions of the different units during the construction and operation phases.
The method provided by the invention can quantify the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy, and can provide a reference basis for market mechanism design for stimulating the development and utilization of the clean energy.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the evaluation method for the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy based on the VCG theory can be used for quantitatively evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy by combining the carbon footprint theory with the operation scene simulation of the power system.
The method can be widely applied to evaluation of the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy, provides a theoretical basis for designing a market mechanism for stimulating participation of the clean energy, and promotes resource development and utilization with high carbon emission reduction value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation framework based on VCG theory;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the change in total carbon emissions of the system in two scenarios.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on VCG theory includes the steps of:
1) And the clean energy unit is connected to the power system, and the clean energy unit is not connected to the power system.
2) The overall carbon emissions of the power system at the construction stage are estimated in both scenarios.
3) The overall carbon emissions of the power system during the run phase in both scenarios were estimated.
4) And evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit according to the total carbon emission of the two scenes in the construction stage and the operation stage.
Example 2:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is shown in the embodiment 1, and further, the total carbon emission in the construction stage is obtained by multiplying each energy unit by a corresponding historical unit construction carbon emission factor.
Example 3:
the main technical content of the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 2, and further, the total carbon emission calculation formula of the electric power system in the construction stage is as follows:
E cons ＝α cons,t ×A t +α cons,h ×A h +α cons,r ×A r (1)
wherein E is cons Is the overall carbon emissions of the electrical system under evaluation during the construction phase. Alpha cons,t 、α cons,h 、α cons,r And the carbon emission factors of the historic units of the thermal power unit, the clean energy unit and the new energy unit are respectively shown. A is that t 、A h 、A r And respectively representing the total capacity of a thermal power unit, a clean energy unit and a new energy unit in the electric power system.
Example 4:
the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, and further, the total carbon emission in the operation stage is estimated by combining time sequence production simulation and unit power generation carbon emission factors.
Example 5:
the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 4, and further, the step of evaluating the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage in two scenes comprises the following steps:
1) And establishing a carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
2) And calculating the emission quantity of each unit in the power system in the current scene by using the carbon emission quantity evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
3) And summing the emission of all the units to obtain the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage in the current scene.
Example 6:
the main technical content of the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 5, and further, the objective function of the unit carbon emission evaluation model in the operation stage is as follows:
Where T is time and T is a set of scheduled time periods. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. b coal Is coal cost.The cost is respectively upper standby cost and lower standby cost. b hy Is the running cost of water and electricity. b cur The cost of wind and light is reduced. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity. />New energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device.
Example 7:
the method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 6, and further, constraint conditions of the unit carbon emission evaluation model in the operation stage comprise load balance constraint, standby constraint, line tide constraint, thermal power unit start-stop cost constraint, minimum start-stop duration constraint, thermal power unit output and operation standby constraint, thermal power unit climbing power constraint, clean energy unit output and operation standby constraint, clean energy unit climbing power constraint, hydropower balance constraint, water-electricity conversion constraint, new energy output constraint and new energy waste wind and light rejection constraint.
Example 8:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 7, and further, the load balance constraint is as follows:
where t is time, D is load, and D is a set of loads. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. P (P) d,t And the load demand is t time.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system.
The backup constraints are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the upper standby requirement of the system at the time t. />Is the next standby requirement of the system at time t.Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity.
The line flow constraints are as follows:
P l min ≤∑ i∈I G l-i P i,t -∑ d∈D G l-d P d,t ≤P l max ,l∈L,t∈T (5)
wherein T is a set of scheduling time periods. I. L is the set of units and lines respectively. P (P) l max 、P l min The upper and lower limits of the transmission capacity of the line l are indicated, respectively. G l-i 、G l-d The power transfer distribution factors of the unit i, the load d to the line l are represented respectively. P (P) i,t The power generated by the unit i at the time t.
The thermal power generating unit start-stop cost constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t And the start-stop state is in a period t and a period t-1. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device. />Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be started up for a single time. />Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be stopped once.
The minimum start-stop duration constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t A minimum start-up, minimum shut-down duration of (a).Respectively represent the thermal power generating unit i at the time t t For a sustained start-up, shut-down time.
The thermal power generating unit output and operation reserve constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). />Respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the thermal power generating unit is as follows:
the constraints of the output and the operation reserve of the clean energy unit are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). /> Respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the clean energy unit is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,clean energy unit i at time t-1 h Is a power generation system.
The hydropower balance constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Reservoir capacity at the end of the t, t-1 time period. />Respectively represent clean energy units i h And scheduling the storage capacity at the beginning and the end of scheduling. />For clean energy unit i h Delivery traffic at time t. />For clean energy unit i h The flow rate of power generation at the t period. />For clean energy unit i h Reject flow at time t.For clean energy unit i h Incoming water flow rate at time t. Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
The hydropower conversion constraint is as follows:
wherein H is 1 ,H 2 ,H 3 Are all the water-electricity conversion relation coefficients of the clean energy unit.
The new energy output constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a new energy unit i r The force is predicted at time t.
The new energy wind and light discarding constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,new energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power.
Example 9:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 1 to 8, and further, the calculation formula of the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage is as follows:
wherein alpha is t 、α h 、α r And respectively representing the running carbon emission factors of thermal power, hydroelectric power and new energy. E (E) ope Is the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system. T is time, T is the set of scheduled time periods. Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
Example 10:
the method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of the embodiments 1 to 9, and further, the sum of the total carbon emission of the construction stage and the operation stage is inversely related to the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy.
The carbon emission reduction value of clean energy is used to evaluate the carbon emission of clean energy.
Example 11:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on VCG theory includes the steps of:
1) And the clean energy unit is connected to the power system, and the clean energy unit is not connected to the power system.
The clean energy unit comprises a hydroelectric unit.
2) The overall carbon emissions of the power system at the construction stage are estimated in both scenarios.
3) The overall carbon emissions of the power system during the run phase in both scenarios were estimated.
4) And evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit according to the total carbon emission of the two scenes in the construction stage and the operation stage.
Taking a clean energy unit as an example, firstly, respectively constructing two scenes including and not including the clean energy unit; secondly, estimating the total carbon emission of the system in the building stage under two scenes by adopting a typical unit data conversion calculation method; then, estimating the total carbon emission of the system in the operation stage under two scenes by combining the time sequence production simulation and the typical unit power generation carbon emission factor; finally, the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit is evaluated by analyzing and comparing the total carbon emission difference of the system in the construction and operation stages in two scenes.
According to the VCG theory, the reduction of the overall carbon emission of the electric power system after the clean energy unit is connected is regarded as the carbon emission reduction value, as shown in figure 1. In fig. 1, scenario 1 represents a system before the clean energy unit is connected, and scenario 2 represents a system after the clean energy unit is connected.
Because the clean energy unit needs to build a dam in the building stage, the material consumption is large, and the carbon emission generated by building the clean energy unit is larger than that generated by building the thermal power unit or the new energy unit with the same capacity. Thus, it can be inferred that the initial carbon emissions of scenario 2 (i.e., the carbon emissions produced during the build phase) will be greater than the initial carbon emissions of scenario 1. However, clean energy unit power generation itself is clean and low carbon, and carbon emissions generated during the run phase only account for about 10% of the total carbon emissions of the full life cycle. In contrast, thermal power plants require combustion of large amounts of fossil fuels during the operational phase, thereby producing large amounts of carbon emissions. In addition, the clean energy unit has good flexibility, and the access of the clean energy unit is beneficial to the power system to absorb more new energy with random fluctuation characteristics, so that the reduction of the overall carbon emission of the system is promoted. Thus, it can be inferred that the carbon emission growth rate of scenario 1 will be higher than that of scenario 2, and eventually, over time, the carbon emission of scenario 1 may exceed scenario 2, as shown in fig. 1. When the carbon emissions of scenario 1 are equal to those of scenario 2, this means that the carbon emission reduction of the clean energy unit during the run phase has covered the carbon emission increment that was brought about by the construction of the clean energy unit.
In summary, the focus of the evaluation of the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit is to estimate the carbon emission of scenario 1 and scenario 2 in the construction stage and the operation stage, respectively. In the building phase, the invention estimates the carbon emission of different units in the building phase by converting the building carbon emission data of the typical unit. In the operation stage, the invention generates a system operation scene with a long period according to the historical load data and the new energy data, then obtains the power generation scheduling plans of different units in the simulation period through time sequence production simulation, and finally calculates the carbon emission of each unit in the operation stage through the typical power generation carbon emission factors. And integrating carbon emission of different units in the construction and operation stages to obtain the total carbon emission of the system. The overall carbon emission estimation method of the system will be described in detail.
Example 12:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is shown in the embodiment 11, and further, the total carbon emission in the construction stage is obtained by multiplying each energy unit by a corresponding historical unit construction carbon emission factor.
Example 13:
the main technical content of the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 12, and further, the total carbon emission calculation formula of the electric power system in the construction stage is as follows:
E cons ＝α cons,t ×A t +α cons,h ×A h +α cons,r ×A r (1)
Wherein E is cons Is the power to be evaluatedOverall carbon emissions of the system during the build phase. Alpha cons,t 、α cons,h 、α cons,r The carbon emission factors of the historic units of the thermal power unit, the clean energy unit and the new energy unit are respectively shown, and the carbon emission amount generated by the unit capacity unit is shown. A is that t 、A h 、A r And respectively representing the total capacity of a thermal power unit, a clean energy unit and a new energy unit in the electric power system.
Example 14:
the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 13, and further, the total carbon emission in the operation stage is estimated by combining time sequence production simulation and unit power generation carbon emission factors.
In order to calculate the carbon emission in the operation phase, a time-series production simulation is used to obtain power generation scheduling plans of different units, and the carbon emission is calculated according to the carbon emission factor.
Example 15:
the method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 14, and further, the scene used in the time series production simulation is generated according to the historical load data and the renewable data. A crew combination model that considers clean energy crew is used to obtain a daily power generation schedule during the simulation period. To simulate actual operation, daily (24 hour) crew combinations were solved to obtain daily power generation schedules. The start-up and shut-down conditions, start-up time and shut-down time of the day before each unit are considered as initial conditions of the day after each unit.
The step of estimating the overall carbon emissions of the electric power system during the operating phase in two scenarios comprises:
1) And establishing a carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
2) And calculating the emission quantity of each unit in the power system in the current scene by using the carbon emission quantity evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage.
3) And summing the emission of all the units to obtain the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage in the current scene.
Example 16:
the main technical content of the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 15, and further, the objective function of the unit carbon emission evaluation model in the operation stage is as follows:
where T is time and T is a set of scheduled time periods. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. b coal Is coal cost.The cost is respectively upper standby cost and lower standby cost. b hy Is the running cost of water and electricity. b cur The cost of wind and light is reduced. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity. />New energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device.
The objective function is the lowest total cost, wherein the first term represents thermal power unit cost, including coal cost, operation standby cost and unit start-up and shut-down cost; the second term represents clean energy unit costs, including operating costs and operating standby costs; the last term represents the cost of the waste wind and waste light of renewable energy sources.
Example 17:
the method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy based on the VCG theory has the main technical content as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 16, and further, constraint conditions of the unit carbon emission evaluation model in the operation stage comprise load balance constraint, standby constraint, line tide constraint, thermal power unit start-stop cost constraint, minimum start-stop duration constraint, thermal power unit output and operation standby constraint, thermal power unit climbing power constraint, clean energy unit output and operation standby constraint, clean energy unit climbing power constraint, hydropower balance constraint, water-electricity conversion constraint, new energy output constraint and new energy waste wind and light rejection constraint.
Example 18:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 17, and further, the load balance constraint is as follows:
where t is time, D is load, and D is a set of loads. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit. P (P) d,t And the load demand is t time.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system.
The backup constraints are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the upper standby requirement of the system at the time t. />Is the next standby requirement of the system at time t.Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity of the above. />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is a spare capacity.
The line flow constraints are as follows:
where T is the set of scheduled time periods. I. L is the set of units and lines respectively. P (P) l max 、P l min The upper and lower limits of the transmission capacity of the line l are indicated, respectively. G l-i 、G l-d The power transfer distribution factors of the unit i, the load d to the line l are represented respectively. P (P) i,t The power generated by the unit i at the time t.
The thermal power generating unit start-stop cost constraint is as follows:
/>
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t And the start-stop state is in a period t and a period t-1. />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited, is a starting cost of (a). />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device. />Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be started up for a single time. />Is a thermal power generating unit i t Is required to be stopped once.
The minimum start-stop duration constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t Minimum start-up and minimum shut-down duration of (a)。Respectively represent the thermal power generating unit i at the time t t For a sustained start-up, shut-down time.
The thermal power generating unit output and operation reserve constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). />Respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the thermal power generating unit is as follows:
the constraints of the output and the operation reserve of the clean energy unit are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of the force of (c). /> Respectively clean energy unitsi h Upper and lower limits of the climbing capacity of (c).
The climbing power constraint of the clean energy unit is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,clean energy unit i at time t-1 h Is a power generation system.
The hydropower balance constraint is as follows:
/>
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Reservoir capacity at the end of the t, t-1 time period. />Respectively represent clean energy units i h And scheduling the storage capacity at the beginning and the end of scheduling. />For clean energy unit i h Delivery traffic at time t. />For clean energy unit i h The flow rate of power generation at the t period. />For clean energy unit i h Reject flow at time t.For clean energy unit i h Incoming water flow rate at time t. Equation (12) is a calculation equation of reservoir capacity, Δt represents a scheduled time interval, here 1h; the formula (13) shows the composition of the warehouse flow; equation (14) represents the start-end storage capacity constraint of the clean energy unit.
The hydropower conversion constraint is as follows:
the power generation of the clean energy unit is a complex nonlinear function composed of a plurality of factors, including water consumption, reservoir water level and the like. The power generation amount can thus be expressed as:
wherein g is gravitational acceleration;for clean energy unit i h Water energy and electric energy conversion efficiency; />For clean energy unit i h A head at time t.
The nonlinear binary function is converted into a linear formula by a piecewise binary linear fitting method:
wherein a, b and c are respectively clean energy units i h Working flow coefficient, water head coefficient and constant coefficient in stable operation interval.
In general, the functional relationship between the water level and the capacity of the reservoir is nonlinear, which brings great difficulty to solving, and the optimal consistent linear approximation method can be adopted for the nonlinear relationship. According to error analysis, the maximum relative error of the method is only 2%, and the accuracy reaches the level of meeting engineering requirements. Thus, the method of optimal consistent linear approximation is employed herein to convert the head into a unitary function of the reservoir capacity:
wherein u and n are respectively the coefficient and constant of the storage capacity of the power station.
The binary linear conversion relation between the generated energy and the water flow and the storage capacity of the clean energy unit in the scheduling period can be obtained by the formulas (16) - (17):
wherein H is 1 ,H 2 ,H 3 Are all the water-electricity conversion relation coefficients of the clean energy unit.
The new energy output constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a new energy unit i r The force is predicted at time t.
The new energy wind and light discarding constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,new energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power.
Example 19:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 18, and further, based on the calculation result of the above model, the power generation output of each unit can be obtained. The carbon emissions of the run phase are the sum of the emissions of each unit. The calculation formula of the total carbon emission of the electric power system in the operation stage is as follows:
Wherein alpha is t 、α h 、α r And respectively representing the running carbon emission factors of thermal power, hydroelectric power and new energy. E (E) ope Is the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage. i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit. i.e r Is a new energy unit.For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system. />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system. />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system. T is time, T is the set of scheduled time periods. Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
Example 20:
the main technical content of the evaluation method for the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy based on the VCG theory is as shown in any one of embodiments 11 to 19, and further, the carbon emission reduction value of hydropower can be evaluated by comparing the change of the carbon emission of the system before and after the hydropower is connected. The sum of the total carbon emissions during the build phase and the run phase is inversely related to the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy source.
The carbon emission reduction value of clean energy is used to evaluate the carbon emission of clean energy.
Example 21:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on VCG theory mainly includes the following:
taking a hydroelectric generating set as an example, the technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: firstly, respectively constructing two scenes including and not including the hydroelectric generating set; secondly, estimating the total carbon emission of the system in the building stage under two scenes by adopting a typical unit data conversion calculation method; then, estimating the total carbon emission of the system in the operation stage under two scenes by combining the time sequence production simulation and the typical unit power generation carbon emission factor; finally, the carbon emission reduction value of the hydroelectric generating set is evaluated by analyzing and comparing the total carbon emission difference of the system in the construction and operation stages under two scenes. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) VCG theory-based carbon emission reduction value evaluation framework
According to the VCG theory, the reduction of the overall carbon emission of the electric power system after the hydroelectric generating set is connected is regarded as the carbon emission reduction value, as shown in figure 1. In fig. 1, scenario 1 represents a system before the hydroelectric generating set is connected, and scenario 2 represents a system after the hydroelectric generating set is connected.
Because the hydroelectric generating set needs to build a dam in the construction stage, the material consumption is large, and the carbon emission generated by building the hydroelectric generating set is larger than that generated by building the thermal power generating set or the new energy generating set with the same capacity. Thus, it can be inferred that the initial carbon emissions of scenario 2 (i.e., the carbon emissions produced during the build phase) will be greater than the initial carbon emissions of scenario 1. However, hydroelectric generating sets are inherently clean and low-carbon, and the carbon emissions produced during the run-time are only about 10% of the total carbon emissions of their full life cycle. In contrast, thermal power plants require combustion of large amounts of fossil fuels during the operational phase, thereby producing large amounts of carbon emissions. In addition, the hydroelectric generating set has good flexibility, and the access of the hydroelectric generating set is beneficial to the power system to absorb more new energy sources with random fluctuation characteristics, so that the reduction of the overall carbon emission of the system is promoted. Thus, it can be inferred that the carbon emission growth rate of scenario 1 will be higher than that of scenario 2, and eventually, over time, the carbon emission of scenario 1 may exceed scenario 2, as shown in fig. 1. When the carbon emission of scenario 1 is equal to that of scenario 2, this means that the carbon emission reduction of the hydroelectric generating set during the run phase has covered the carbon emission increase brought about by the construction of the hydroelectric generating set.
In summary, the focus of the evaluation of the carbon emission reduction value of the hydroelectric generating set is to estimate the carbon emission of scenario 1 and scenario 2 in the construction stage and the operation stage, respectively. In the building phase, the invention estimates the carbon emission of different units by multiplying each energy unit by the carbon emission factor of each typical unit building. In the operation stage, the invention generates a system operation scene with a long period according to the historical load data and the new energy data, then obtains the power generation scheduling plans of different units in the simulation period through time sequence production simulation, and finally calculates the carbon emission of each unit in the operation stage through the typical power generation carbon emission factors. And integrating carbon emission of different units in the construction and operation stages to obtain the total carbon emission of the system. The overall carbon emission estimation method of the system will be described in detail.
(2) Build phase carbon emission calculation
The carbon emissions in the unit construction stage are calculated from the capacity of the unit to be evaluated and the capacity and construction carbon emissions data of a typical unit, as follows.
E cons ＝α cons,t ×A t +α cons,h ×A h +α cons,r ×A r (1)
Wherein E is cons Is the overall carbon emissions of the electrical system under evaluation during the construction phase. Alpha cons,t 、α cons,h 、α cons,r The carbon emission factors of a typical unit construction of a thermal power unit, a hydroelectric unit and a new energy unit are respectively represented, and the carbon emission amount generated by the unit construction capacity unit is represented. A is that t 、A h 、A r Respectively represents a thermal power unit, a hydroelectric generating set and a new hydroelectric generating set in the power systemTotal capacity of the energy unit.
(3) Operational phase carbon emission calculation
In order to calculate the carbon emission in the operation phase, a time-series production simulation is used to obtain power generation scheduling plans of different units, and the carbon emission is calculated according to the carbon emission factor.
The scenario used in the time series production simulation is generated from historical load data and renewable data. A unit combination model that considers hydro-power units is used to obtain a daily power generation schedule during the simulation period. To simulate actual operation, daily (24 hour) crew combinations were solved to obtain daily power generation schedules. The start-up and shut-down conditions, start-up time and shut-down time of the day before each unit are considered as initial conditions of the day after each unit. The model established by the invention is as follows:
1) Objective function:
wherein T is a set of scheduling time periods; b coal The cost of coal;the upper standby cost and the lower standby cost are respectively; b hy The running cost is water and electricity; b cur The cost of wind and light discarding is reduced; />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system; />For time t hydroelectric generating set i h Is a power generation system; />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t And hydroelectric generating set i h Is the upper spare capacity of (a); /> Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t And hydroelectric generating set i h Lower spare capacity of (a); />And (5) the waste wind and light power of the new energy at the time t.
The objective function is the lowest total cost, wherein the first term represents thermal power unit cost, including coal cost, operation standby cost and unit start-up and shut-down cost; the second term represents the cost of the hydroelectric generating set, including the running cost and the running standby cost; the last term represents the cost of the waste wind and waste light of renewable energy sources.
2) Operational constraints
(1) Full system operation constraints
Load balancing constraints:
/>
wherein D is a set of loads; p (P) d,t The load demand is t time;new energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system.
Standby constraint:
wherein,the upper standby requirement of the system at the moment t; />Time t isThe next standby requirement of the system.
Line tide constraint:
wherein P is l max And P l min Representing the transmission capacity of line l; g l-i And G l-d The power transfer distribution factors of the unit i and the load d to the line l are respectively represented; i and L are the sets of units and lines, respectively.
(2) Thermal power generating unit operation constraint
Thermal power generating unit start-stop cost constraint:
wherein,for unit i t A start-stop state at period t; />Set i for time t t The start-up cost of (2); / >Set i for time t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost; />For unit i t The single start-up cost of (2); />For unit i t Is required to be stopped once.
Minimum start-stop duration constraint:
wherein,and->Respectively represent the units i t Minimum start-up and minimum shut-down duration of (a); />Set i representing time t t Is a continuous start-up time.
Unit output and operation reserve constraint:
wherein,and->For unit i t Upper and lower limits of the output of (2); />And->For unit i t Upper and lower limit of climbing capacity of (c).
And (3) unit climbing power constraint:
(3) operation constraint of hydroelectric generating set
Unit output and operation reserve constraint:
wherein,and->For unit i h Upper and lower limits of the output of (2); />And->For unit i h Upper and lower limit of climbing capacity of (c).
And (3) unit climbing power constraint:
hydropower balance constraint:
wherein,for hydroelectric generating set i h Reservoir capacity at the end of the period t; />And->Respectively represent the scheduling i of the hydroelectric generating set h Storage capacity at the beginning and end; />For hydroelectric generating set i h The delivery flow rate at time t; />For hydroelectric generating set i h The power generation flow rate at the period t; />For hydroelectric generating set i h Reject flow at time t; />For hydroelectric generating set i h Incoming water flow rate at time t. Equation (12) is a calculation equation of reservoir capacity, Δt represents a scheduled time interval, here 1h; the formula (13) shows the composition of the warehouse flow; equation (14) represents the start-end storage capacity constraint of the hydroelectric generating set.
Hydropower conversion constraint:
the power generation of the hydroelectric generating set is a complex nonlinear function composed of a plurality of factors, including water consumption, reservoir water level and the like. The power generation amount can thus be expressed as:
wherein g is gravitational acceleration;for hydroelectric generating set i h Water energy and electric energy conversion efficiency; />For hydroelectric generating set i h A head at time t.
The nonlinear binary function is converted into a linear formula by a piecewise binary linear fitting method:
wherein a, b and c are respectively hydroelectric generating set i h Working flow coefficient, head coefficient and constant coefficient in steady operation interval.
In general, the functional relationship between the water level and the capacity of the reservoir is nonlinear, which brings great difficulty to solving, and the optimal consistent linear approximation method can be adopted for the nonlinear relationship. According to error analysis, the maximum relative error of the method is only 2%, and the accuracy reaches the level of meeting engineering requirements. Thus, the method of optimal consistent linear approximation is employed herein to convert the head into a unitary function of the reservoir capacity:
/>
wherein u and n are respectively the coefficient and constant of the storage capacity of the power station.
The binary linear conversion relation between the generating capacity and the water flow and the storage capacity of the hydroelectric generating set in the scheduling period can be obtained by the formulas (16) - (17):
Through fitting specific data, the hydro-electric conversion relation coefficient H of the hydro-electric generating set can be obtained 1 ,H 2 ,H 3 。
(4) New energy unit operation constraint
New energy output constraint:
wherein the method comprises the steps of，Is a new energy unit i r The force is predicted at time t.
New energy wind and light discarding constraint:
3) Total carbon emission calculation in the run phase
Based on the calculation result of the above model, the power generation output of each unit can be obtained. The carbon emissions at the run stage are the sum of emissions per unit:
wherein alpha is t 、α h 、α r Representative operating carbon emission factors for thermal power, hydroelectric power and new energy respectively. By comparing the change of the carbon emission of the system before and after the water power is connected in, the carbon emission reduction value of the water power can be estimated.
Example 22:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, the clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on VCG theory mainly includes the following:
(1) Data acquisition
According to the industrial standard of China, the design life of the medium and small hydropower stations is set to be 30-50 years, and the embodiment takes the design life of 30 years as an example. The 30 year load data will be generated based on load history data of some province in china. The operation parameters of the thermal power unit and the hydroelectric generating set are shown in table 1, wherein G represents the thermal power unit; h represents a hydroelectric generating set.
Table 1 energy unit parameters
| Unit set | Upper limit of output (MW) | Lower limit of output (MW) | Climbing rate (MW/h) | Minimum on-off duration (h) |
| G1 | 157.49 | 50 | 37.5 | 6 |
| G2 | 100 | 26 | 30 | 6 |
| G3 | 60 | 15 | 15 | 6 |
| G4 | 80 | 20 | 20 | 6 |
| G5 | 40 | 10 | 15 | 6 |
| G6 | 30 | 5 | 15 | 6 |
| H1 | 80 | 0 | 90 | / |
The reservoir data of the hydroelectric generating set is acquired from an actual reservoir. The predicted power generation curve of the wind generating set in one year is acquired from an actual wind generating set, and the capacity of the wind generating set is not changed and the annual predicted power generation curve is not changed.
(2) Scene construction
In order to calculate the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy, the invention takes hydropower as an example, and takes the difference of carbon emission of the electric power system before and after the hydroelectric generating set is connected into the system as the carbon emission reduction value of the hydroelectric generating set. Thus, two scenarios with and without hydroelectric generating sets are generated, as follows:
scene 1: the modified IEEE 30 node system comprises 6 thermal power generating units and 1 wind power generating unit.
Scene 2: on the basis of scene 1, a hydroelectric generating set with the installed capacity of 80MW is added.
(3) Overall process carbon emission calculation
And converting the typical unit construction carbon emission data to obtain the unit construction carbon emission amount in the embodiment. And obtaining the total power generation amount of each unit through time sequence production simulation operation, and respectively multiplying the total power generation amount by the typical operation carbon emission factor of each unit to obtain the operation carbon emission amount of each unit. And combining the carbon emission in the construction stage and the operation stage to obtain the total carbon emission of the system in two scenes.
(4) Carbon emission reduction value assessment
And acquiring the overall carbon emission change condition of the system before and after the hydroelectric generating set is connected according to the overall carbon emission calculation result of the system, and evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the hydroelectric generating set for the whole system according to the overall carbon emission change condition.
The specific simulation results are as follows:
1) System carbon emission calculation
The power generation conditions of scene 1 and scene 2 in 30 years and the total carbon emission of the system are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 Total power generation of various types of units for 30 years
| Scene(s) | Thermal power generating unit (MWh) | Wind turbine generator system (MWh) | Hydroelectric generating set (MWh) |
| 1 | 4.7595×10 7 | 7.8951×10 6 | / |
| 2 | 1.0141×10 7 | 7.6782×10 6 | 3.7985×10 7 |
Table 3 total carbon emissions for 30 years for both scenarios
| Scene(s) | Total carbon emission of system (ton) |
| Scene 1 | 3.9633×10 7 |
| Scene 2 | 1.0750×10 7 |
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, after the hydroelectric generating set is connected to the system, the hydroelectric generating set will give priority to power generation due to lower generating cost and higher generating cost of thermal power, so the generating capacity of the thermal power generating set in scenario 2 is greatly reduced. Thus, the total carbon emissions of the system of scenario 2 is significantly lower than that of scenario 1 due to the use of less fossil fuel. In addition, as can be seen from table 2, the power generation amount of the renewable energy unit in the scene 2 is smaller than that in the scene 1, because the hydroelectric generating unit is limited by the water-electricity balance constraint, and the power generation amount needs to be kept at a certain level, so that the power generation space of the renewable energy unit is occupied.
2) Carbon emission reduction value assessment
To evaluate the carbon emission reduction value of the hydroelectric generating set, scenario 1 and scenario 2 simulate the overall carbon emissions of the system for 30 years, as shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the hydroelectric generating set has a carbon emission of 1.0386 ×106 tons at the construction stage, so that the initial carbon emission of scenario 2 is greater than that of scenario 1. However, over time, the carbon emission gap for scenario 1 and scenario 2 gradually diminishes. At the 2.3 th year, the total carbon emission of the scene 1 exceeds the 2,2.3 th year, namely the time of carbon emission increment caused by covering and constructing the hydroelectric generating set by the scene 2. In addition, when 30 years are reached (namely the service life of the hydroelectric generating set is designed), the carbon emission of the scene 2 is 2.8883 multiplied by 107 tons less than that of the scene 1, and the value is the total carbon emission reduction value generated after the hydroelectric generating set is connected into the system. It follows that although the hydroelectric generating set generates a large amount of carbon emissions during the construction phase, the clean low carbon characteristics of the hydroelectric generating set can greatly reduce the carbon emissions of the system during the operation phase, and therefore can provide a higher carbon emission reduction value during the design years.
3) Evaluation of carbon emission reduction value of unit capacity of hydroelectric generating set
In addition, the invention also simulates and analyzes the carbon emission reduction value of the unit capacity of the hydroelectric generating set under different installed capacities, as shown in table 4.
Table 4 emission reduction per megawatt carbon of hydroelectric generating set within 30 years
| Hydroelectric generating set capacity (MW) | Carbon emission reduction (ton) | Carbon emission reduction per unit volume (ton/MW) |
| 40 | 1.7206×10 7 | 4.3015×10 6 |
| 60 | 2.4024×10 7 | 4.0040×10 6 |
| 80 | 2.8883×10 7 | 3.6104×10 6 |
| 100 | 3.3652×10 7 | 3.3652×10 6 |
| 120 | 3.5451×10 7 | 2.9542×10 6 |
As can be seen from table 4, the carbon emission reduction value per unit capacity of the hydroelectric generating set decreases with the increase of the installed capacity, and the carbon emission reduction value per unit capacity of the hydroelectric generating set decreases due to the limitation of line transmission capacity, the limitation of load demand, the limitation of incoming water flow, and the like.
Simulation results show that the carbon emission of the system in the operation stage can be greatly reduced due to the clean low-carbon characteristic of the hydroelectric generating set although a large amount of carbon emission can be generated in the construction stage. Finally, the hydroelectric generating set can provide higher carbon emission reduction value within the design period. In addition, the carbon emission reduction value per unit capacity of the hydroelectric generating set will decrease as the installed capacity increases.
The invention provides a clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on a VCG theory on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the existing clean energy carbon emission evaluation method. The method constructs a scene containing/not containing a certain clean energy source, and respectively measures and calculates the total carbon emission of the system in the construction and operation stages in the two scenes, and evaluates the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy source by comparing the difference of the total carbon emission in the two scenes. The result of an example simulation using hydropower as an example shows that hydropower can generate considerable carbon emission reduction value in the whole life cycle process.
Claims (10)
1. The clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method based on the VCG theory is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) The clean energy unit is connected to a power system, and the clean energy unit is not connected to the power system;
2) The overall carbon emissions of the power system at the construction stage are estimated in both scenarios.
3) The overall carbon emissions of the power system during the run phase in both scenarios were estimated.
4) And evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of the clean energy unit according to the total carbon emission of the two scenes in the construction stage and the operation stage.
2. The method for evaluating the emission reduction value of clean energy carbon based on the VCG theory according to claim 1, wherein the total carbon emission in the construction stage is obtained by multiplying each energy unit by a corresponding historical unit construction carbon emission factor.
3. The VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the overall carbon emission calculation formula of the electric power system at the construction stage is as follows:
E cons ＝α cons,t ×A t +α cons,h ×A h +α cons,r ×A r (1)
wherein E is cons Is the overall carbon emission of the power system to be evaluated at the construction stage; alpha cons,t 、α cons,h 、α cons,r The method comprises the steps of respectively representing the carbon emission factors of a thermal power unit, a clean energy unit and a history unit of a new energy unit; a is that t 、A h 、A r And respectively representing the total capacity of a thermal power unit, a clean energy unit and a new energy unit in the electric power system.
4. The VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the overall carbon emissions during the run phase are estimated in combination with a time series production simulation and a unit power generation carbon emission factor.
5. The method for estimating the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy based on VCG theory according to claim 4, wherein the step of estimating the total carbon emission of the electric power system in the operation phase in two scenarios comprises:
1) Establishing a carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage;
2) Calculating the emission of each unit in the power system in the current scene by using the carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage;
3) And summing the emission of all the units to obtain the total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage in the current scene.
6. The method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy based on the VCG theory according to claim 5, wherein the objective function of the evaluation model of the carbon emission of the unit in the operation stage is as follows:
wherein T is time, and T is a set of scheduling time periods; i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit; i.e r Is a new energy unit; b coal The cost of coal;the upper standby cost and the lower standby cost are respectively; b hy The running cost is water and electricity; b cur The cost of wind and light discarding is reduced; />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system; />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system; />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is the upper spare capacity of (a); />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Lower spare capacity of (a); />New energy unit i at t moment r The wind and light discarding power of the (a); />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t The start-up cost of (2); />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost of the device.
7. The method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy based on the VCG theory according to claim 5, wherein the constraint conditions of the carbon emission evaluation model of the unit in the operation stage comprise load balance constraint, standby constraint, line tide constraint, thermal power unit start-stop cost constraint, minimum start-stop duration constraint, thermal power unit output and operation standby constraint, thermal power unit climbing power constraint, clean energy unit output and operation standby constraint, clean energy unit climbing power constraint, hydropower balance constraint, hydropower conversion constraint, new energy output constraint and new energy waste light rejection constraint.
8. The VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value assessment method of claim 7, wherein the load balancing constraints are as follows:
wherein t is time, D is load, and D is a set of loads; i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit; i.e r Is a new energy unit; p (P) d,t The load demand is t time;for the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system; />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system; />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system;
the backup constraints are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the upper standby requirement of the system at the moment t; />The next standby requirement of the system at the moment t; />Respectively t moment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Is the upper spare capacity of (a); />Respectively tMoment thermal power generating unit i t Clean energy unit i h Lower spare capacity of (a);
the line flow constraints are as follows:
P l min ≤∑ i∈I G l-i P i,t -∑ d∈D G l-d P d,t ≤P l max ,l∈L,t∈T (5)
wherein T is a set of scheduling time periods; I. l is a set of units and lines respectively; p (P) l max 、P l min Respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the transmission capacity of the line l; g l-i 、G l-d The power transfer distribution factors from the unit i and the load d to the line l are respectively represented; p (P) i,t The power generation power of the unit i at the moment t;
the thermal power generating unit start-stop cost constraint is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t A start-stop state in a period t and a period t-1; />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t The start-up cost of (2); />For the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is not limited by the shutdown cost; />Is a thermal power generating unit i t The single start-up cost of (2);is a thermal power generating unit i t The single shutdown cost of (2);
the minimum start-stop duration constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively represent thermal power unit i t A minimum startup and minimum shutdown duration of (2); />Respectively represent the thermal power generating unit i at the time t t Is started and stopped continuously;
the thermal power generating unit output and operation reserve constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively is thermal power unit i t Upper and lower limits of force; />Respectively is thermal power unit i t An upper limit and a lower limit of the climbing capacity of the vehicle;
the climbing power constraint of the thermal power generating unit is as follows:
the constraints of the output and the operation reserve of the clean energy unit are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Upper and lower limits of force; /> Respectively clean energy units i h An upper limit and a lower limit of the climbing capacity of the vehicle;
the climbing power constraint of the clean energy unit is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,clean energy unit i at time t-1 h Is a power generation system;
the hydropower balance constraint is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention,respectively clean energy units i h Reservoir capacity at the end of the t, t-1 period; />Respectively represent clean energy units i h The storage capacity at the beginning and the end of dispatching; />For clean energy unit i h The delivery flow rate at time t;for clean energy unit i h The power generation flow rate at the period t; />For clean energy unit i h Reject flow at time t; />For clean energy unit i h The incoming water flow rate in the period t; Δt represents the scheduled time interval;
the hydropower conversion constraint is as follows:
wherein H is 1 ,H 2 ,H 3 Are all the water-electricity conversion relation coefficients of the clean energy unit;
the new energy output constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a new energy unit i r Predicted force at time t;
the new energy wind and light discarding constraint is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,new energy unit i at t moment r And the wind and light discarding power.
9. The VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the total carbon emission of the electric power system in the operation phase is as follows:
wherein alpha is t 、α h 、α r The running carbon emission factors of thermal power, hydropower and new energy are respectively represented; e (E) ope The total carbon emission of the power system in the operation stage; i.e t I is a thermal power generating unit h Is a clean energy unit; i.e r Is a new energy unit;for the thermal power generating unit i at the moment t t Is a power generation system; />Clean energy unit i for time t h Is a power generation system; />New energy unit i at t moment r Is a power generation system; t is time, T is a set of scheduled time periods; Δt represents the scheduled time interval.
10. The VCG theory-based clean energy carbon emission reduction value assessment method of claim 1, wherein the sum of total carbon emissions during the build phase and the run phase is inversely related to the clean energy carbon emission reduction value;
the carbon emission reduction value of clean energy is used to evaluate the carbon emission of clean energy.
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