CN117647900B - Phase modulation optical limiter and design method thereof - Google Patents
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nonlinear optics, in particular to a phase modulation optical limiter and a design method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a debugging light path structure; s2: the host inputs the normalized coefficient of the optimized preset m-order Bessel beam to the first phase modulator to obtain a total Bessel beam; s3: calculating the distance of the first and second phase modulators; s4: adjusting the distance between the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to the calculation result in the step S3; s5: solving the perturbation of the optical limiting element according to the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator; s6: the host adjusts the second phase modulator based on the GS algorithm to complete the design of the phase modulation optical limiter. The invention can improve the optical limiting performance and has the advantages of low cost and low process difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonlinear optics, in particular to a phase modulation optical limiter and a design method thereof.
Background
The optical clipping effect refers to the effect that the material or device has a higher transmittance when the incident light energy or power is low, and a lower transmittance when the incident light energy or power is high. The Dynamic Range (DR), also known as the nonlinear protection ratio, i.e., the ratio of the minimum transmittance of the device at high energy lasers to the transmittance at low energy, is a core indicator of optical limiting materials and devices. A single layer of optical limiting material is required to have a sufficiently large attenuation ratio because it is difficult to effectively use the energy of laser light. From the end of the 20 th century, development of optical limiters including multilayer cascade attenuation optical limiters and liquid core fiber array optical limiters has been continued in several countries represented by the united states. The preparation process of the multi-layer cascade attenuation optical limiter requires that the thickness accuracy of a working medium layer and a substrate layer of the optical limiting material at least reach a micron order, and particularly in an optical system with a larger numerical aperture, the working medium layer is required to be extremely thin and uniform, and the solubility of the substrate is required to reach the requirement of the design concentration of the optical limiter in the working medium; the preparation process of the typical liquid core optical fiber array optical limiter requires that optical fibers are homogeneous, the aperture of a central hollow area is basically unchanged along an optical path, the diameter of the hollow area is less than 30 microns, the length is not less than 3 mm, the distance between adjacent optical fibers is less than 50 microns, a focus and an optical fiber interface are required to be strictly connected, the liquid injection is required to be uniform and stable, no bubbles are required, and the like. The preparation processes of the multilayer cascade attenuation optical limiter and the liquid core optical fiber array optical limiter are complex, and the preparation cost and the difficulty of device maintenance are high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a phase modulation optical limiter and a design method thereof, which are used for solving the defects that the existing optical limiter has relatively complex preparation process and relatively high preparation cost and device maintenance difficulty.
The invention provides a design method of a phase modulation optical limiter, wherein the phase modulation optical limiter comprises a first phase modulator, an optical limiting element and a second phase modulator which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of an optical path, and the first phase modulator, the optical limiting element and the second phase modulator are coaxially arranged; the design method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: setting up an optical path structure for debugging a phase modulation optical limiter, wherein the optical path structure comprises a laser, a beam splitting module, a phase modulation optical limiter, a first image display module, a second image display module and a host, wherein the host is used for adjusting the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator, laser emitted by the laser is split into two beams of laser through the beam splitting module, one beam of laser is imaged into an observation image through the first image display module after being limited by the phase modulation optical limiter, and the other beam of laser is imaged into a reference image through the second image display module;
s2: opening a laser, and inputting the normalized coefficient of the optimized preset m-order Bessel beam to a first phase modulator by a host computer to obtain a total Bessel beam:
（1）；
（2）；
wherein,for the total Bessel beam, +.>Normalized coefficient for m-th order Bessel beam,>electric field complex amplitude for m-th order Bessel beam,/-)>Is a modulus value->，aIs constant (I)>R and z are radial coordinates and axial coordinates respectively for the modulation phase of the first phase modulator;
s3: calculating the distance L between the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to the calculation result of the formula (1):
（3）；
（4）；
（5）；
wherein k is the wave vector,and->Respectively radial wave vector and axial wave vector, b is diffraction angle, D is effective aperture, and lambda is wavelength;
s4: adjusting the distance between the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to the calculation result in the step S3;
s5: solving for the perturbation of the optical limiting element from the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator by：
（6）；
（7）；
Wherein,for the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator, < >>Solution for second phase modulator exitModulating the complex amplitude of the electric field of the beam, +.>For the electric field incident on the second phase modulator, a is the transformation matrix of the optical clipping element,attenuation factor for optical limiting element, +.>Is a unit matrix;
s6: according to equations (6) - (7), the host iteratively adjusts the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator based on the GS algorithm and using the inverse phase of the first phase modulator as the initial phase, so that the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator satisfies the following equation, and the design of the phase modulation optical limiter is completed:
（8）；
（9）。
preferably, the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are spatial light modulators, axicon, phase modulation gratings or ring slit lens groups.
Preferably, the material of the optical limiting element is indium phthalocyanine, L34 liquid crystal, fullerene or semiconductor quantum dot.
Preferably, the first image display module includes an observation imaging lens and an observation image detector, and the second image display module includes a reference imaging lens and a reference image detector.
Preferably, the optical path structure further comprises a beam expander and a timing pulse generator, wherein,
the beam expander is arranged between the laser and the beam splitting module and is used for enabling the laser beam output by the laser to be matched with the caliber of the first phase modulator;
the time sequence pulse generator comprises four interfaces, wherein the first interface is connected with the host, the second interface is connected with the laser, the third interface is connected with the observation image detector, the fourth interface is connected with the reference image detector, and the host controls the time sequence pulse generator to transmit trigger signals to the observation image detector and the reference image detector according to the time of the laser to transmit laser pulses, so that the observation image detector and the reference image detector simultaneously open shutters immediately before receiving the laser pulses.
Preferably, in step S6, the number of iterative adjustments is not less than thirty.
Preferably, in step S6, the GS algorithm may be replaced with an optimized GS algorithm, a young 'S algorithm, a weighted young' S algorithm, or an IFT algorithm.
Preferably, the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitting module is 50:50.
the phase modulation optical limiter is manufactured by using a design method of the phase modulation optical limiter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the phase modulation optical limiter comprises a first phase modulator, an optical limiting element and a second phase modulator, and the first phase modulator, the optical limiting element and the second phase modulator are provided with various replacing devices, so that the attenuation multiplying power and the phase can be adjusted according to requirements, the preparation cost and the preparation process requirement are lower, and the phase modulation optical limiter has higher universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of a phase modulation optical limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure for debugging a phase modulation optical limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the normalized intensities of the optimized Bessel beam and the 0-order Bessel beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the energy concentration of an optimized Bessel beam with the 0 th order Bessel beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure for testing a phase modulated optical limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the emergent energy density with the incident energy density when the material of the optical limiting element is indium phthalocyanine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of normalized transmittance versus incident energy density for indium phthalocyanine as a material for an optical limiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the emergent energy density with the incident energy density when the optical limiting material is L34 liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph showing a normalized transmittance versus incident energy density for an L34 liquid crystal as a material of an optical limiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a laser 1, a beam expander 2, a beam splitting module 3, a first image display module 4, a phase modulation optical limiter 5, a second image display module 6, a host 7, a time sequence pulse generator 8, a reference imaging lens 4-1, a reference image detector 4-2, a first phase modulator 5-1, an optical limiter element 5-2, a second phase modulator 5-3, an observation imaging lens 6-1, an observation image detector 6-2, a first energy meter 4-3 and a second energy meter 6-3.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a flow of a design method of a phase modulation optical limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows an optical path structure for debugging the phase modulation optical limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the design method of the phase modulation optical limiter 5 according to the present invention, the phase modulation optical limiter 5 includes a first phase modulator 5-1, an optical limiting element 5-2 and a second phase modulator 5-3 sequentially arranged along a propagation direction of an optical path, and the first phase modulator 5-1, the optical limiting element 5-2 and the second phase modulator 5-3 are coaxially arranged, wherein the design method specifically includes the following steps:
s1: an optical path structure for debugging the phase modulation optical limiter 5 is built, the optical path structure comprises a laser 1, a beam splitting module 3, the phase modulation optical limiter 5, a first image display module 4, a second image display module 6 and a host machine 7, the host machine 7 is used for adjusting the first phase modulator 5-1 and the second phase modulator 5-3, laser emitted by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams through the beam splitting module 3, one laser beam is imaged into an observation image through the first image display module 4 after being limited by the phase modulation optical limiter 5, and the other laser beam is imaged into a reference image through the second image display module 6.
The splitting ratio of the beam splitting module 3 is 50:50.
s2: the laser 1 is turned on, and the host 7 inputs the normalized coefficient of the optimized preset m-order bessel beam to the first phase modulator 5-1 to obtain a total bessel beam:
（1）；
（2）；
wherein,for the total Bessel beam, +.>Normalized coefficient for m-th order Bessel beam,>electric field complex amplitude for m-th order Bessel beam,/-)>Is a modulus value->，aIs constant (I)>For the modulation phase of the first phase modulator, r and z are the radial and axial coordinates, respectively.
By usingTo represent the sign of the normalized coefficient, +.>The normalization coefficient is positive, < >>The normalization coefficient is negative. Taking 0-5 order bessel beams as an example, the preset m-order bessel beams take c0= 0.4349, c1= 0.4193, c2=0.0007, c3= 0.7172, c4= -0.3211 and c5= 0.1325 as normalization coefficients, and the comparison of the normalized intensity and the energy concentration degree of the optimized bessel light spots and the 0 order bessel beams is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, wherein the energy concentration ratio in the diffraction limit radius is as high as 75.4%, so that the energy constraint capability is greatly improved.
S3: from the calculation result of the equation (1), the distance L between the first phase modulator 5-1 and the second phase modulator 5-3 is calculated:
（3）；
（4）；
（5）；
wherein k is the wave vector,and->The radial wave vector and the axial wave vector are respectively, b is a diffraction angle, D is an effective aperture, and lambda is a wavelength.
From (1), it can be obtainedAccording to equations (3) and (4) (decomposition equation of phase and wave vector equation)>And->The distance L between the first phase modulator 5-1 and the second phase modulator 5-3 is thus obtained by the equation (5), wherein the effective aperture refers to the minimum value of the laser spot diameter and the aperture of the first phase modulator 5-1.
S4: the distances of the first phase modulator 5-1 and the second phase modulator 5-3 are adjusted according to the calculation result of step S3.
S5: from the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator 5-3, the perturbation of the optical limiting element 5-2 is solved by：
（6）；
（7）；
Wherein the method comprises the steps of，For the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator 5-3,/or->For the electric field complex amplitude, +.f. of the demodulated beam exiting from the second phase modulator 5-3>For the electric field incident on the second phase modulator 5-3 a is the transformation matrix of the optical clipping element 5-2 +.>Is the attenuation factor of the optical limiting element 5-2, is->Is an identity matrix.
S6: according to equations (6) - (7), the host 7 iteratively adjusts the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator 5-3 based on the GS algorithm and using the inverse phase of the first phase modulator 5-1 as the initial phase, so that the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator 5-3 satisfies the following equation, thereby completing the design of the phase modulation optical limiter 5:
（8）；
（9）。
make the following stepsThe influence of the disturbance factors such as the impurity, the surface finish, the flatness of the optical amplitude element on the phase modulation optical limiter 5 can be eliminated.
In step S6, the number of iterative adjustments is not less than thirty.
In step S6, the GS algorithm may be replaced with an optimized GS algorithm, a young 'S algorithm, a weighted young' S algorithm, or an IFT algorithm.
The first phase modulator 5-1 and the second phase modulator 5-3 are spatial light modulators, axicon, phase modulation gratings or circular slit lens groups, the first phase modulator 5-1 is used for modulating the phase of the light beam from the beam splitting module 3, the second phase modulator 5-3 is used for demodulating the phase of the light beam from the optical limiting element 5-2, after the optimized phase information is determined by the spatial light modulator, a static modulation device is designed according to the determined phase information and integrated into the system (the axicon, the phase modulation gratings and the circular slit lens groups are all static modulation devices).
The optical limiting element 5-2 is made of indium phthalocyanine, L34 liquid crystal, fullerene or semiconductor quantum dot, and a proper optical limiting material is selected according to practical situations.
The first image display module 4 includes an observation imaging lens 6-1 and an observation image detector 6-2, and the first image display module 4 includes a reference imaging lens 4-1 and a reference image detector 4-2.
The optical path structure also comprises a beam expander 2 and a time sequence pulse generator 8, wherein,
the beam expander 2 is disposed between the laser 1 and the beam splitting module 3, and the beam expander 2 is used for making the laser beam output by the laser 1 have the same caliber as the first phase modulator 5-1.
When the laser beam output by the laser 1 is smaller than the caliber of the first phase modulator 5-1, the beam expander 2 is used for amplifying the laser beam, and when the laser beam output by the laser 1 is larger than the caliber of the first phase modulator 5-1, the beam expander 2 is used for shrinking the laser beam.
The time sequence pulse generator 8 comprises four interfaces, wherein a first interface is connected with the host 7, a second interface is connected with the laser 1, a third interface is connected with the observed image detector 6-2, a fourth interface is connected with the reference image detector 4-2, and the host 7 controls the time sequence pulse generator 8 to emit trigger signals to the observed image detector 6-2 and the reference image detector 4-2 according to the time of the laser 1 to emit laser pulses, so that the observed image detector 6-2 and the reference image detector 4-2 simultaneously open shutters immediately before receiving the laser pulses.
The host 7 adjusts the delay and gate width of the gate pulse of the timing pulse generator 8 (DG 645 digital pulse generator may be used) so that the observed image detector 6-2 and the reference image detector 4-2 simultaneously open the shutters immediately before receiving the laser pulse and can detect the pulse signal from the laser 1 (in response to receiving the laser spot image) during the integration time.
When the phase modulation optical limiter 5 is obtained according to the design method proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, the observation image detector 6-2 and the reference image detector 4-2 in the optical path structure are replaced with the first energy meter 4-3 and the second energy meter 6-3, respectively, and the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitting module 3 is adjusted to 1:99, as shown in fig. 5, after adjustment, the energy of the laser pulse output by the laser 1 is adjusted gradually from low to high, the average laser energy density input and output is measured by two energy meters respectively, so as to obtain an optical limiting curve, then the ratio of the average laser energy density output to the average laser energy density input is calculated, the transmittance of the phase modulation optical limiter 5 is obtained, and the nonlinear protection multiplying power (DR) can be obtained by calculating the maximum value of the linear transmittance of the phase modulation optical limiter 5 compared with the transmittance curve.
Fig. 6 shows a fitted curve of the change of the outgoing energy density with the incoming energy density when the material of the optical limiting element provided in the embodiment of the present invention is indium phthalocyanine; fig. 7 shows a fitted curve of normalized transmittance as a function of incident energy density when the material of the optical limiting element provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is indium phthalocyanine; FIG. 8 shows a fitted curve of the output energy density as a function of the input energy density for an L34 liquid crystal as an optical limiting material according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 9 shows a fitted curve of normalized transmittance as a function of incident energy density for an optical limiting element provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention when the material of the optical limiting element is L34 liquid crystal.
When the light limiting material is indium phthalocyanine, the concentration of the indium phthalocyanine is 0.1 mM, and the thickness of the solution tank is 60 mm, the attenuation multiplying power is shown in figures 6-7, namely the incident pulse peak energy density is not more than 2J/cm 2 The peak energy density of the emergent pulse is lower than 0.03J/cm 2 The dynamic range (i.e. nonlinear protection multiplying power) can reach 22 times when not protectedThe linear transmittance exceeds 50%.
When the optical limiting material is L34 liquid crystal and the spectrum of the L34 liquid crystal is pure liquid, the attenuation multiplying power is shown in fig. 8-9 when the thickness of the solution tank is 5 mm. I.e. the peak energy density of the incident pulse does not exceed 2J/cm 2 The peak energy density of the emergent pulse is lower than 0.01J/cm 2 The dynamic range (namely the nonlinear protection multiplying power) can reach more than 113 times when not protected, and the linear transmittance exceeds 80%.
The simulation and experiment shown in fig. 6-9 prove that the nonlinear protection multiplying power of the phase modulation optical limiter 5 can be up to 23 times and 118 times, and the corresponding linear transmittance is 56% and 80% respectively.
The phase modulation optical limiter is manufactured by using a design method of the phase modulation optical limiter.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The design method of the phase modulation optical limiter is characterized in that the phase modulation optical limiter comprises a first phase modulator, an optical limiting element and a second phase modulator which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of an optical path, and the first phase modulator, the optical limiting element and the second phase modulator are coaxially arranged; the design method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: setting up an optical path structure for debugging the phase modulation optical limiter, wherein the optical path structure comprises a laser, a beam splitting module, a phase modulation optical limiter, a first image display module, a second image display module and a host, wherein the host is used for adjusting the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator, laser emitted by the laser is split into two beams of laser through the beam splitting module, one beam of laser is imaged into an observation image through the first image display module after being limited by the phase modulation optical limiter, and the other beam of laser is imaged into a reference image through the second image display module;
s2: opening the laser, and inputting the optimized normalized coefficient of the preset m-order Bessel beam to the first phase modulator by the host computer to obtain a total Bessel beam:
E m ＝exp(i(Φ 1 (r，z)±π)*J m (ρ(r)) (1)；
wherein E is in Φ 1 As a total Bessel beam, C m Normalized coefficient of m-th order Bessel beam, E m Electric field complex amplitude for m-th order Bessel beam, J m (ρ (r)) is a modulus, ρ (r) =ar, a is a constant, Φ 1 R and z are radial coordinates and axial coordinates, respectively, for the modulation phase of the first phase modulator;
s3: calculating a distance L between the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to the calculation result of the formula (1):
Φ 1 (r，z)＝exp(ik r r)exp(jk z z) (3)；
where k is the wave vector, k r And k z Respectively radial wave vector and axial wave vector, b is diffraction angle, D is effective aperture, and lambda is wavelength;
s4: adjusting the distance between the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to the calculation result in the step S3;
s5: solving the perturbation E of the optical limiting element according to the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator by:
E in Φ 1 AΦ 2 ＝E in Φ 1 α(I+∈)Φ 2 ＝E out (6)；
A＝α(I+∈) (7)；
wherein phi is 2 For the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator, E out For the electric field complex amplitude, E, of the demodulated beam exiting from the second phase modulator in Φ 1 A is an electric field incident to the second phase modulator, a is a transformation matrix of the optical limiting element, alpha is an attenuation factor of the optical limiting element, and I is an identity matrix;
s6: according to equations (6) - (7), the host iteratively adjusts the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator based on the GS algorithm and using the inverse phase of the first phase modulator as the initial phase, so that the demodulation phase of the second phase modulator satisfies the following equation, thereby completing the design of the phase modulation optical limiter:
E in Φ 1 AΦ 2 ＝E in Φ 1 α(I+∈)(I+∈) -1 Φ 1 -1 ＝E out (8)；
E out ＝αE in (9)。
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are spatial light modulators, axicon, phase modulation gratings, or ring slit lens groups.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical limiting element is made of indium phthalocyanine, L34 liquid crystal, fullerene or semiconductor quantum dot.
4. The method of designing a phase-modulated optical limiter of claim 1, wherein the first image display module includes an observation imaging lens and an observation image detector and the second image display module includes a reference imaging lens and a reference image detector.
5. The method of designing a phase modulated optical limiter of claim 4, wherein the optical path structure further comprises a beam expander and a timing pulse generator, wherein,
the beam expander is arranged between the laser and the beam splitting module and is used for enabling the laser beam output by the laser to be matched with the caliber of the first phase modulator;
the time sequence pulse generator comprises four interfaces, wherein a first interface is connected with the host, a second interface is connected with the laser, a third interface is connected with the observation image detector, a fourth interface is connected with the reference image detector, and the host controls the time sequence pulse generator to transmit trigger signals to the observation image detector and the reference image detector according to the time of laser pulse transmission of the laser, so that the observation image detector and the reference image detector simultaneously open a shutter immediately before receiving the laser pulse.
6. The method of designing a phase-modulated optical limiter according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the number of iterative adjustments is not less than thirty.
7. The method of designing a phase modulated optical limiter according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the GS algorithm is replaced by an optimized GS algorithm, a young 'S algorithm, a weighted young' S algorithm or an IFT algorithm.
8. The method for designing a phase-modulated optical limiter according to claim 1, wherein the splitting ratio of the beam splitting module is 50:50.
9. a phase modulated optical limiter, characterized by being manufactured by the design method of the phase modulated optical limiter according to any one of claims 1-7.
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