CN117643245A - Method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN117643245A CN117643245A CN202311802148.2A CN202311802148A CN117643245A CN 117643245 A CN117643245 A CN 117643245A CN 202311802148 A CN202311802148 A CN 202311802148A CN 117643245 A CN117643245 A CN 117643245A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 nalyzing Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000151 anti-reflux effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M13/00—Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, and comprises the steps of embedding pipelines according to a seedling arrangement mode of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings; air injection rods are arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, and a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the air injection rods and the pipeline; researchers acquire the species, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process; the species, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process are assembled into a database, and control variable analysis is carried out; monitoring environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling process to obtain the occurrence type of plant diseases and insect pests; adding the insect killing liquid which is matched with the insect killing liquid into the pipeline, diffusing steam of the insect killing liquid into the environment, and killing the insect pests in the egg period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising, and particularly relates to a disease and pest control method for flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
Background
The flue-cured tobacco seedling cultivation refers to the propagation and cultivation of tobacco seedlings in a seedling cultivation mode before planting of flue-cured tobacco. The tobacco seedling raising can improve the survival rate of tobacco seedlings, shorten the growth period and improve the quality of tobacco seedlings. Flue-cured tobacco seedling raising is generally divided into two types, namely a traditional seedling raising method comprising plug seedling raising and soil-bed seedling raising; the other is a modern seedling method, comprising soilless seedling and biological seedling. In the traditional seedling method, plug seedling and soil-bed seedling are common modes. The plug seedling is to put seeds on a seedling tray, and the germination and growth of the seeds are promoted by controlling the moisture and the temperature. The bed soil seedling raising is to spread tobacco seedling seeds on a seedling raising bed, and promote the growth of tobacco seedlings by controlling the moisture and the temperature. In modern seedling methods, soilless seedling and biological seedling are more common ways. The soilless seedling raising is to mix seedling raising matrix and seeds, and promote the germination and growth of the seeds by controlling the moisture and the temperature. Biological seedling raising is to apply biotechnology and genetic technology to flue-cured tobacco seedling raising and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco seedling by controlling gene expression and cell signal transduction. The flue-cured tobacco seedling raising is an important flue-cured tobacco planting technology, and can improve the survival rate of tobacco seedlings, shorten the growth period and improve the quality of the tobacco seedlings.
The plant diseases and insect pests can occur in the process of raising the seedlings of the flue-cured tobacco in batches, the existing plant diseases and insect pests are insect killing lamps, black light lamps and other devices, insect pests are trapped and killed, or biological agents such as natural enemy insects and microorganisms are utilized for biological control of the insect pests, the duration is long, the harm to the environment is extremely large, and the growth of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, which can solve the problems of long control duration time, great harm to environment and shadow of growth of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the prior art.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the invention provides a method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s10: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid;
s20: a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline, and the fumigating cage is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid;
s30: researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest;
s40: researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis;
s50: the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with the database;
s60: and adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, and diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of the fumigation cage to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the egg period so as to realize control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
The method for controlling the diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings has the technical effects that: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid; a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline, and the fumigating cage is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid; researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest; researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis; the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with the database; adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of the fumigation cage, and eliminating the plant diseases and insect pests in the egg period to realize control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising; can solve the problems of long control duration, great harm to the environment and growth of cured tobacco seedlings in shadow.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method for controlling the diseases and the insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings can be improved as follows:
the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device comprises a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device, a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device and a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device, wherein the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device is characterized in that the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device is in a grid shape and is fully covered and fixed in a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising field, grooves are formed in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device at intervals of 2-3m, and are respectively an upper groove and a lower groove, the upper groove is fixedly connected with an air injection rod, the lower groove is fixedly connected with a fumigating cage, and the upper groove, the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device and the lower groove are in through connection; the diameter of the pipeline is 2m, and a liquid inlet is arranged at a port on the outer side of the grid shape of the pipeline and is used for adding insecticidal liquid into the pipeline;
the grid-shaped pipelines are connected in a penetrating way, and the positions of the joints of the grid-shaped pipelines are sealed through O-shaped rings, so that the leakage of the insecticidal liquid is prevented.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned improvement scheme are: and the groove is used for fixing the air injection rod and the fumigation cage.
Further, an anti-backflow valve is arranged between the liquid inlet of the pipeline and the inner wall of the pipeline, and the anti-backflow valve is used for preventing the insecticidal liquid in the pipeline from flowing backwards; the anti-backflow valve comprises a valve body, a valve core and a spring, wherein the valve body is arranged in the pipeline and fixedly connected with the side wall of the pipeline, and the valve core is arranged in the valve body and is used for conveying liquid; the spring is arranged between the valve body and the valve core and is used for maintaining the valve core in a closed state; the valve core comprises two parts, namely a direct current part and a bent flow part, wherein the direct current part is arranged at the middle position of the valve core, and the bent flow part is arranged at two sides of the direct current part; the curvature of the curved flow part is 160 degrees and is in through connection with the side wall of the direct current part; the number of the bent flow parts is 11, and the bent flow parts are arranged at the two sides of the direct current part in a crossing way; one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the valve core, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve body; the valve core is made of flexible rubber; the number of the springs is 8, and the springs are sequentially fixed between the valve body and the valve core.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned improvement scheme are: by arranging the anti-backflow valve, the insecticidal liquid is prevented from flowing reversely.
Further, the fumigation cage comprises a shell, a heating component and a cooling component, wherein the shell is fixed on a lower groove of the pipeline and is connected with the lower groove in a sealing way; the inside of the shell is divided into three parts from top to bottom, namely a heat transmission area, a heating area and a cooling area, wherein the heat transmission area is made of silicon nitride ceramics, one side of the silicon nitride ceramics is fixedly connected with the heating area, and the other side of the silicon nitride ceramics is contacted with insecticidal liquid in the pipeline and is used for transmitting heat emitted by the heating area into the insecticidal liquid to enable the insecticidal liquid to be gasified; the heating assembly is fixed in the heating area and is a heating resistance wire, the heating resistance wire is fixed in a grid shape, and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with a power supply and used for generating heat; a switch is arranged between the heating resistance wire and the power supply, and the switch is connected with a remote terminal through Bluetooth; the cooling assembly is fixed in the cooling zone and is used for cooling the heating zone; and silicon nitride ceramics are arranged between the cooling zone and the heating zone and are used for rapidly carrying out heat exchange between the cooling zone and the heating zone.
Further, the cooling assembly comprises a cooling plate and a telescopic rod, one end of the cooling plate is in contact with the silicon nitride ceramics between the cooling zone and the heating zone, the other end of the cooling plate is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is used for driving the cooling plate to be in contact with the silicon nitride ceramics;
the cooling plate comprises an outer material layer, an inner material layer and an absorbent material layer, wherein the absorbent material layer is kept between the outer material layer and the inner material layer, the absorbent material layer is composed of super absorbent fibers and cross-linked terpolymers, and the outer material layer and the inner material layer are fixed through an ester polyurethane adhesive film.
Further, the air injection rod comprises a fixed rod, and the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the upper groove of the pipeline in a sealing way; the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes are used for spraying the insecticidal liquid steam into the environment of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising;
the length of the fixing rod is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the vent hole is 1-3cm.
Further, the outside cladding of pipeline has thermal insulation material, thermal insulation material is one of glass fiber, mineral wool, rock wool, polyurethane foam, polyurethane rigid foam, thermal insulation material is whole cladding in the outside of pipeline is used for the isolated heat transfer of pipeline to the both sides of pipeline.
Further, a flowmeter is arranged in the pipeline and is used for monitoring the flow rate of the insecticidal liquid in the pipeline.
Further, an infusion pump is arranged in the pipeline, and the infusion pump is fixed at the joint of the grid-shaped pipelines and is used for conveying the liquid input into the pipeline to each position of the pipeline.
Further, the insecticidal liquid comprises an insecticide and a fumigation liquid, and the ratio of the insecticide to the fumigation liquid is 1:2;
the specific steps of the researcher obtaining the species, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process and analyzing the pesticide species of each disease and insect pest include:
during flue-cured tobacco seedling raising, regularly performing field observation, and judging occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests by observing growth conditions, leaf colors and plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco seedlings; setting up observation points on the basis of field investigation, recording the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests every day, every week and every month, the types, the quantity, the time and specific environmental conditions of the plant diseases and insect pests, and analyzing the pesticide type of each plant disease and insect pest according to the effect of the applied pesticide;
the researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information, and perform the specific steps of controlling variable analysis, including:
firstly, sorting, classifying, inducing and encoding collected data of multiple plant diseases and insect pests, time, environmental conditions and duration in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process;
secondly, cleaning the data, removing repeated, missing and wrong data, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the data;
thirdly, converting the tidied data into a format suitable for controlling variable analysis through SPSS statistical software;
fourthly, selecting key factors influencing multiple diseases and insect pests from the converted data as independent variables, and performing control variable analysis by using other factors as control variables through regression analysis, variance analysis and principal component analysis;
fifthly, explaining the result of the control variable analysis, and finding out key factors affecting multiple diseases and insect pests;
step six, comparing the analysis result with the actual production condition, and verifying the reliability and practicality of the analysis result;
the method comprises the following specific steps of monitoring environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process through an environmental monitoring device, and comparing the environmental information with a database to obtain the types of plant diseases and insect pests:
firstly, installing a plurality of environment monitoring devices including a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an illumination sensor in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, wherein the environment monitoring devices are used for monitoring the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process;
secondly, in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, the environment monitoring device automatically collects environment information and stores the information in an internal memory;
thirdly, the acquired environmental information is transmitted to a database in a wireless mode;
and fourthly, processing the received environmental information by the database, and cleaning, processing and analyzing the data to obtain the information of the occurrence types of the plant diseases and insect pests.
Compared with the prior art, the flue-cured tobacco seedling disease and pest control method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid; a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline, and the fumigating cage is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid; researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest; researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis; the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with the database; adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of the fumigation cage, and eliminating the plant diseases and insect pests in the egg period to realize control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising; can solve the problems of long control duration, great harm to the environment and growth of cured tobacco seedlings in shadow.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of a method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a pipe;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tube, a steam box, and a jet bar;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the backflow prevention valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
1-4 are operation flowcharts of a flue-cured tobacco seedling disease and pest control method provided by the invention, and in the diagrams, the method comprises the following steps:
s10: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid;
s20: a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, and a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline and is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid;
s30: researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest;
s40: researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis;
s50: the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with a database;
s60: and adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, and diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of a fumigation steamer to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the insect egg period so as to realize the control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
When in use, the pipeline is pre-buried according to the seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, and the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid; a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, and a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline and is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid; researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest; researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis; the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with a database; and adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, and diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of a fumigation steamer to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the insect egg period so as to realize the control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
In the technical scheme, the pipeline is in a grid shape and is fully covered and fixed in a flue-cured tobacco seedling field, grooves are formed in the pipeline at intervals of 2-3m up and down, the grooves are respectively an upper groove and a lower groove, the upper groove is fixedly connected with the air injection rod, the lower groove is fixedly connected with the fumigation cage, and the upper groove, the pipeline and the lower groove are in through connection; the diameter of the pipeline is 2m, and a liquid inlet is arranged at a port on the outer side of the grid shape of the pipeline and is used for adding insecticidal liquid into the pipeline;
the grid-shaped pipelines are connected in a penetrating way, and the positions of the joints of the grid-shaped pipelines are sealed through O-shaped rings, so that leakage of insecticidal liquid is prevented.
When in use, the upper groove is fixedly connected with the air injection rod, and the lower groove is fixedly connected with the fumigation cage.
Further, in the above technical scheme, an anti-backflow valve is arranged between the liquid inlet of the pipeline and the inner wall of the pipeline, and the anti-backflow valve is used for preventing the backflow of the insecticidal liquid in the pipeline; the anti-backflow valve comprises a valve body, a valve core and a spring, wherein the valve body is arranged in the pipeline and fixedly connected with the side wall of the pipeline, and the valve core is arranged in the valve body and is used for conveying liquid; the spring is arranged between the valve body and the valve core and used for maintaining the valve core in a closed state; the valve core comprises two parts, namely a direct current part and a bent flow part, wherein the direct current part is arranged at the middle position of the valve core, and the bent flow part is arranged at two sides of the direct current part; the curvature of the curved flow part is 160 degrees and is in through connection with the side wall of the direct current part; the number of the bent flow parts is 11, and the bent flow parts are arranged at the two sides of the direct current part in a crossing way; one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the valve core, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve body; the valve core is made of flexible rubber; the number of the springs is 8, and the springs are sequentially fixed between the valve body and the valve core.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the fumigating cage comprises a shell, a heating component and a cooling component, wherein the shell is fixed on a lower groove of the pipeline and is connected with the lower groove in a sealing way; the inside of the shell is divided into three parts from top to bottom, namely a heat transmission area, a heating area and a cooling area, wherein the heat transmission area is made of silicon nitride ceramics, one side of the silicon nitride ceramics is fixedly connected with the heating area, and the other side of the silicon nitride ceramics is contacted with insecticidal liquid in the pipeline and is used for transmitting heat emitted by the heating area into the insecticidal liquid to enable the heat to be gasified; the heating assembly is fixed in the heating area and is a heating resistance wire, the heating resistance wire is fixed in a grid shape, and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with a power supply and used for generating heat; a switch is arranged between the heating resistance wire and the power supply, and the switch is connected with a remote terminal through Bluetooth; the cooling assembly is fixed in the cooling zone and used for cooling the heating zone; and silicon nitride ceramics are arranged between the cooling zone and the heating zone and are used for rapidly carrying out heat exchange between the cooling zone and the heating zone.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the cooling assembly comprises a cooling plate and a telescopic rod, one end of the cooling plate is in contact with the silicon nitride ceramics between the cooling zone and the heating zone, the other end of the cooling plate is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is used for driving the cooling plate to be in contact with the silicon nitride ceramics;
the cooling plate comprises an outer material layer, an inner material layer and an absorbent material layer, wherein the absorbent material layer is kept between the outer material layer and the inner material layer, the absorbent material layer is composed of super absorbent fibers and a cross-linked terpolymer, and the outer material layer and the inner material layer are fixed through an ester polyurethane adhesive film.
When the insecticidal liquid is used, the heating resistance wire is electrified to generate heat, and the heat is transferred into the insecticidal liquid through the silicon nitride ceramic to be gasified; when the heating resistance wire is powered off, the telescopic rod pushes the cooling plate to move up and down, and when the heating resistance wire is close to the silicon nitride ceramic, heat in the heating area is absorbed, heat exchange is carried out with the nearby land, and the heating area is cooled.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the air injection rod comprises a fixed rod, and the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the upper groove of the pipeline in a sealing way; the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes are used for spraying the insecticidal liquid steam into the environment of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising;
the length of the fixing rod is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the vent hole is 1-3cm.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the outside of the pipeline is coated with a heat insulating material, the heat insulating material is one of glass fiber, mineral wool, rock wool, polyurethane foam and polyurethane rigid foam, and the heat insulating material is fully coated on the outside of the pipeline and is used for insulating heat of the pipeline from being transferred to two sides of the pipeline.
Further, in the above technical scheme, a flowmeter is arranged in the pipeline, and the flowmeter is used for monitoring the flow rate of the insecticidal liquid in the pipeline.
Further, in the above technical solution, an infusion pump is provided in the pipe, and the infusion pump is fixed at the joint of the grid-shaped pipes for delivering the liquid in the input pipe to each position of the pipe.
Further, in the technical scheme, the insecticidal liquid comprises insecticide and fumigating liquid, and the ratio of the insecticide to the fumigating liquid is 1:2;
the specific steps of obtaining the species, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process and analyzing the pesticide species of each disease and insect pest include:
during flue-cured tobacco seedling raising, regularly performing field observation, and judging occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests by observing growth conditions, leaf colors and plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco seedlings; setting up observation points on the basis of field investigation, recording the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests every day, every week and every month, the types, the quantity, the time and specific environmental conditions of the plant diseases and insect pests, and analyzing the pesticide types of each plant disease and insect pest according to the effect of the applied pesticide;
researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information, and perform the specific steps of controlling variable analysis, including:
firstly, sorting the collected data of the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, wherein the sorting comprises classification, induction and coding;
secondly, cleaning the data, removing repeated, missing and wrong data, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the data;
thirdly, converting the well-arranged data into a format suitable for controlling variable analysis through SPSS statistical software;
fourthly, selecting key factors influencing multiple diseases and insect pests from the converted data as independent variables, and selecting other factors as control variables, and performing control variable analysis through regression analysis, variance analysis and principal component analysis;
fifthly, explaining the result of the control variable analysis, and finding out key factors affecting multiple diseases and insect pests;
step six, comparing the analysis result with the actual production condition, and verifying the reliability and practicality of the analysis result;
the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the specific steps of the types of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with a database:
firstly, installing a plurality of environment monitoring devices including a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an illumination sensor in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, wherein the environment monitoring devices are used for monitoring the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process;
secondly, in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, the environment monitoring device automatically collects environment information and stores the information in an internal memory;
thirdly, the acquired environmental information is transmitted to a database in a wireless mode;
and fourthly, processing the received environmental information by the database, and cleaning, processing and analyzing the data to obtain the information of the occurrence types of the plant diseases and insect pests.
Embodiment one:
the pipeline is in a grid shape, is fully covered and fixed in a flue-cured tobacco seedling field, is provided with grooves at every 2m, and is respectively an upper groove and a lower groove, wherein the upper groove is used for being fixedly connected with the air injection rod, the lower groove is used for being fixedly connected with the fumigation cage, and the upper groove, the pipeline and the lower groove are in through connection; the diameter of the pipeline is 2m, and a liquid inlet is arranged at a port on the outer side of the grid shape of the pipeline and is used for adding insecticidal liquid into the pipeline; the grid-shaped pipelines are connected in a penetrating way, and the positions of the joints of the grid-shaped pipelines are sealed through O-shaped rings, so that leakage of insecticidal liquid is prevented.
The air injection rod comprises a fixed rod which is fixedly connected with the upper groove of the pipeline in a sealing way; the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes are used for spraying the insecticidal liquid steam into the environment of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising;
the length of the fixed rod is 20cm, and the diameter of the vent hole is 1cm.
Embodiment two:
the pipeline is in a grid shape, is fully covered and fixed in a flue-cured tobacco seedling field, is provided with grooves at the position of every 3m, and is respectively an upper groove and a lower groove, wherein the upper groove is used for being fixedly connected with the air injection rod, the lower groove is used for being fixedly connected with the fumigation cage, and the upper groove, the pipeline and the lower groove are in through connection; the diameter of the pipeline is 2m, and a liquid inlet is arranged at a port on the outer side of the grid shape of the pipeline and is used for adding insecticidal liquid into the pipeline; the grid-shaped pipelines are connected in a penetrating way, and the positions of the joints of the grid-shaped pipelines are sealed through O-shaped rings, so that leakage of insecticidal liquid is prevented.
The air injection rod comprises a fixed rod which is fixedly connected with the upper groove of the pipeline in a sealing way; the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes are used for spraying the insecticidal liquid steam into the environment of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising;
the length of the fixed rod is 30cm, and the diameter of the vent hole is 3cm.
Specifically, the principle of the invention is as follows: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid; a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline, and the fumigating cage is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid; researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest; researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis; the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with the database; and adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, and diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of the fumigation cage to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the egg period so as to realize control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
Claims (10)
1. The flue-cured tobacco seedling disease and pest control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10: embedding a pipeline according to a seedling arrangement mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling, wherein the pipeline is used for conveying insecticidal liquid;
s20: a jet rod is arranged at the top of the pipeline at intervals, a fumigating cage is fixed at the connection position of the jet rod and the pipeline, and the fumigating cage is used for fumigating the insecticidal liquid;
s30: researchers acquire the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, and analyze the types of pesticides of each disease and insect pest;
s40: researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information and perform control variable analysis;
s50: the environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process is monitored through an environmental monitoring device, and the types of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through comparison with the database;
s60: and adding an insecticidal liquid which is matched with the type of the plant diseases and insect pests into the pipeline, and diffusing steam of the insecticidal liquid into the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising environment through fumigation of the fumigation cage to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the egg period so as to realize control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising.
2. The method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline is grid-shaped and is fully covered and fixed in a field of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, grooves are formed in the pipeline at intervals of 2-3m up and down, the grooves are respectively an upper groove and a lower groove, the upper groove is fixedly connected with the air injection rod, the lower groove is fixedly connected with the fumigation cage, and the upper groove, the pipeline and the lower groove are in through connection; the diameter of the pipeline is 2m, and a liquid inlet is arranged at a port on the outer side of the grid shape of the pipeline and is used for adding insecticidal liquid into the pipeline;
the grid-shaped pipelines are connected in a penetrating way, and the positions of the connecting positions of the grid-shaped pipelines are sealed through O-shaped rings and used for preventing the leakage of the insecticidal liquid.
3. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 2, wherein an anti-reflux valve is arranged between the liquid inlet of the pipeline and the inner wall of the pipeline, and the anti-reflux valve is used for preventing the reflux of insecticidal liquid in the pipeline; the anti-backflow valve comprises a valve body, a valve core and a spring, wherein the valve body is arranged in the pipeline and fixedly connected with the side wall of the pipeline, and the valve core is arranged in the valve body and is used for conveying liquid; the spring is arranged between the valve body and the valve core and is used for maintaining the valve core in a closed state; the valve core comprises two parts, namely a direct current part and a bent flow part, wherein the direct current part is arranged at the middle position of the valve core, and the bent flow part is arranged at two sides of the direct current part; the curvature of the curved flow part is 160 degrees and is in through connection with the side wall of the direct current part; the number of the bent flow parts is 11, and the bent flow parts are arranged at the two sides of the direct current part in a crossing way; one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the valve core, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve body; the valve core is made of flexible rubber; the number of the springs is 8, and the springs are sequentially fixed between the valve body and the valve core.
4. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the fumigation cage comprises a shell, a heating component and a cooling component, and the shell is fixed on a lower groove of the pipeline and is connected with the lower groove in a sealing way; the inside of the shell is divided into three parts from top to bottom, namely a heat transmission area, a heating area and a cooling area, wherein the heat transmission area is made of silicon nitride ceramics, one side of the silicon nitride ceramics is fixedly connected with the heating area, and the other side of the silicon nitride ceramics is contacted with insecticidal liquid in the pipeline and is used for transmitting heat emitted by the heating area into the insecticidal liquid to enable the insecticidal liquid to be gasified; the heating assembly is fixed in the heating area and is a heating resistance wire, the heating resistance wire is fixed in a grid shape, and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with a power supply and used for generating heat; a switch is arranged between the heating resistance wire and the power supply, and the switch is connected with a remote terminal through Bluetooth; the cooling assembly is fixed in the cooling zone and is used for cooling the heating zone; and silicon nitride ceramics are arranged between the cooling zone and the heating zone and are used for rapidly carrying out heat exchange between the cooling zone and the heating zone.
5. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the cooling assembly comprises a cooling plate and a telescopic rod, one end of the cooling plate is in contact with silicon nitride ceramics between the cooling zone and the heating zone, the other end of the cooling plate is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is used for driving the cooling plate to be in contact with the silicon nitride ceramics;
the cooling plate comprises an outer material layer, an inner material layer and an absorbent material layer, wherein the absorbent material layer is kept between the outer material layer and the inner material layer, the absorbent material layer is composed of super absorbent fibers and cross-linked terpolymers, and the outer material layer and the inner material layer are fixed through an ester polyurethane adhesive film.
6. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the air injection rod comprises a fixed rod, and the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the upper groove of the pipeline in a sealing way; the fixing rod is provided with a plurality of vent holes, and the vent holes are used for spraying the insecticidal liquid steam into the environment of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising;
the length of the fixing rod is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the vent hole is 1-3cm.
7. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the outside of the pipeline is coated with a heat insulation material, the heat insulation material is one of glass fiber, mineral cotton, rock cotton, polyurethane foam and polyurethane rigid foam, and the heat insulation material is fully coated on the outside of the pipeline and is used for isolating heat of the pipeline from being transferred to two sides of the pipeline.
8. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 7, wherein a flowmeter is arranged in the pipeline, and the flowmeter is used for monitoring the flow rate of the insecticidal liquid in the pipeline.
9. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 8, wherein an infusion pump is arranged in the pipeline, and the infusion pump is fixed at the joint of the grid-shaped pipelines and is used for conveying the liquid input into the pipeline to each position of the pipeline.
10. The method for controlling diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco seedlings according to claim 9, wherein the insecticidal liquid comprises insecticide and fumigating liquid, and the ratio of the insecticide to the fumigating liquid is 1:2;
the specific steps of the researcher obtaining the species, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process and analyzing the pesticide species of each disease and insect pest include:
during flue-cured tobacco seedling raising, regularly performing field observation, and judging occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests by observing growth conditions, leaf colors and plant diseases and insect pests of tobacco seedlings; setting up observation points on the basis of field investigation, recording the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests every day, every week and every month, the types, the quantity, the time and specific environmental conditions of the plant diseases and insect pests, and analyzing the pesticide type of each plant disease and insect pest according to the effect of the applied pesticide;
the researchers assemble the types, time, environmental conditions and duration of multiple diseases and insect pests in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process into a database, extract quantitative information, and perform the specific steps of controlling variable analysis, including:
firstly, sorting, classifying, inducing and encoding collected data of multiple plant diseases and insect pests, time, environmental conditions and duration in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process;
secondly, cleaning the data, removing repeated, missing and wrong data, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the data;
thirdly, converting the tidied data into a format suitable for controlling variable analysis through SPSS statistical software;
fourthly, selecting key factors influencing multiple diseases and insect pests from the converted data as independent variables, and performing control variable analysis by using other factors as control variables through regression analysis, variance analysis and principal component analysis;
fifthly, explaining the result of the control variable analysis, and finding out key factors affecting multiple diseases and insect pests;
step six, comparing the analysis result with the actual production condition, and verifying the reliability and practicality of the analysis result;
the method comprises the following specific steps of monitoring environmental information in the whole flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process through an environmental monitoring device, and comparing the environmental information with a database to obtain the types of plant diseases and insect pests:
firstly, installing a plurality of environment monitoring devices including a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an illumination sensor in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, wherein the environment monitoring devices are used for monitoring the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process;
secondly, in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process, the environment monitoring device automatically collects environment information and stores the information in an internal memory;
thirdly, the acquired environmental information is transmitted to a database in a wireless mode;
and fourthly, processing the received environmental information by the database, and cleaning, processing and analyzing the data to obtain the information of the occurrence types of the plant diseases and insect pests.
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