CN117620073A - Forging method of homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part - Google Patents
Forging method of homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part Download PDFInfo
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- CN117620073A CN117620073A CN202311570648.8A CN202311570648A CN117620073A CN 117620073 A CN117620073 A CN 117620073A CN 202311570648 A CN202311570648 A CN 202311570648A CN 117620073 A CN117620073 A CN 117620073A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910020890 PHI 650 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and relates to a forging method of a homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part. Comprising the following steps: the high-temperature alloy bar stock is put into an electric furnace to be heated according to the preheating temperature, heated and insulated, upsetting cakes are punched to the height dimension of the forging piece, the pressing speed is 10-15 mm/s, and the deformation is 45-65%; heating and preserving heat according to the pre-reaming preheating temperature, discharging from a furnace for pre-reaming after preserving heat to obtain a rough shape, wherein the speed of a pre-reaming ring is increased by 6-9 mm/s, and the deformation of the pre-reaming is not less than 30%; heating to a heating temperature for heat preservation according to the preheating temperature of final reaming, discharging from a furnace for final reaming after heat preservation to obtain a forging piece, wherein the annular speed of the final reaming is increased by 8-12 mm/s, and the final fire deformation of the final reaming is not less than 20%; heating to solid solution temperature for heat preservation, discharging from a furnace for multiple bulging after heat preservation, gradually decreasing the bulging deformation, and maintaining the bulging pressure for 5-10 s each time; after the previous bulging is finished, the device rotates for 10-20 degrees to perform the next bulging; after multiple bulging, the hot dimension of the forging diagram dimension is reached; and performing heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and relates to a forging method of a homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part.
Background
The high-temperature alloy annular piece is an important component part of a hot end part of the aeroengine, the traditional high-temperature alloy annular piece is formed by adopting annular rolling mill equipment in a rolling mode, and the annular piece produced by a rolling forming process has the following two problems; on one hand, the forging is often high in residual stress after being rolled and formed, and deformation risks exist in the subsequent heat treatment, machining or service process, so that the assembly gap of the part is large or scrapped; on the other hand, the ring piece of the conventional ring rolling has uneven structure due to the factors of deformation, forging temperature and the like, and the problems of mixed crystal and the like occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems of uneven structure and large residual stress of the high-temperature alloy annular piece, the forging method for uniformly organizing the high-temperature alloy annular piece and reducing the residual stress after forging is provided.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a method of forging a homogeneous low stress superalloy ring comprising:
step one: the high-temperature alloy bar stock is put into an electric furnace to be heated to a preheating temperature and is kept at the same time, a upsetting cake is punched to the height dimension of a forging piece, the pressing speed is controlled to be 10-15 mm/s, and the deformation is controlled to be 45-65%;
step two: heating the blank after upsetting cake punching to a heating temperature after preserving heat according to a pre-reaming preheating temperature, preserving heat, discharging from a furnace after preserving heat, pre-reaming to obtain a rough blank, setting the speed increase of a pre-reaming ring at 6-9 mm/s, and setting the deformation of the pre-reaming ring to be not less than 30%;
step three: heating to a heating temperature for heat preservation according to the preheating temperature of the final reaming, discharging the final reaming after heat preservation to obtain a forging piece, setting the annular speed increase of the final reaming at 8-12 mm/s, and setting the final fire deformation of the final reaming at not less than 20%;
step four: heating the forging to the solid solution temperature for preserving heat for a certain period of time, discharging the forging from the furnace after preserving heat, performing multiple bulging on the annular piece, gradually decreasing the deformation of the bulging, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10 s in each bulging; after the previous bulging is finished, rotating for 10-20 degrees, and performing lower bulging; after multiple bulging, the hot dimension of the forging diagram dimension is reached;
step five: and carrying out heat treatment on the expanded forging according to a heat treatment system.
Further, the preheating temperature and the heating temperature of upsetting cake punching, pre-reaming and final reaming are the same.
Further, the heating coefficients of upsetting cake punching, pre-reaming and final reaming are the same.
Further, the heating temperature is 1000-1040 ℃.
Further, in the fourth step, the deformation amount of each expansion type is 0.5-2% each time.
Further, the heating temperature of the bulging link in the fourth step is the same.
Further, the dwell time and rotation angle are the same for each bulge.
Further, after the barren shape is obtained, the method further comprises the steps of turning the inner hole of the barren shape and chamfering the upper end face and the lower end face of the inner hole.
Further, after the forging is obtained in the third step, the method further comprises: and machining the inner and outer circular burrs of the forging.
The beneficial effects are that:
the forging method of the homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part obtains the forgeability with uniform structure and small residual stress by controlling the technological parameters of each link, including temperature, time, deformation and deformation rate, so that the forgeable part is not easy to deform in the heat treatment and rough machining processes, thereby effectively improving the product percent of pass.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for forging a homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular piece, which comprises the following production processes: upsetting cakes, punching, pre-reaming by a ring rolling machine, chamfering by a machine, final reaming by the ring rolling machine, and expanding, wherein the main key points are as follows: deformation of forging fires such as high-temperature alloy upsetting, punching and subsequent ring rolling can be reduced, and the problem of uniformity of ring structures can be solved by controlling the heating temperature; the expansion forging mode releases the residual stress of the ring piece and further homogenizes the structure of the ring piece due to the rotation angle and deformation of each expansion.
A forging method of a homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part mainly comprises four links of upsetting cake punching, pre-reaming, final reaming and bulging, and deformation is controlled respectively, wherein the upsetting cake punching deformation is largest, the final reaming deformation is smaller, the pre-reaming deformation is secondary, and the bulging deformation is smallest.
The forging method of the homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part comprises the following specific steps:
step one: the high-temperature alloy bar stock enters an electric furnace to be insulated for a first period according to the preheating temperature, the temperature is raised to the heating temperature along with the furnace to be insulated for a second period, a upsetting cake is discharged to the height dimension of a forging after the heat preservation, then punching is carried out, a ring blank is prepared, the required pressing speed in the upsetting cake punching process is 10-15 mm/s, and the deformation is 45-65%; the high pressing rate and the deformation can sufficiently refine the grains of the high-temperature alloy structure, and ensure the uniform structure of the blank in the subsequent forging process.
Wherein, the blanks which are fed according to the specification are put into an electric furnace according to the heating specification and are insulated according to the preheating temperature of T1, the insulation time is calculated according to k1min/mm (preheating insulation coefficient) x H (effective thickness of the blanks), then the blanks are heated to T2 along with the furnace, and the insulation time is calculated according to k2min/mm (high-temperature insulation coefficient) x H (effective thickness of the blanks).
Discharging and transferring blanks to a forging press to perform upsetting and punching, wherein the forging time of each firing is controlled to be 40+/-20 s, and the deformation of each firing is controlled according to the characteristics of the high-temperature alloy, wherein the specific forging firing and deformation are set according to the actual size of a forging; and forging by multiple times, directly carrying out heat preservation at the temperature of T3 without preheating by hot material returning heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to k3min/mm (hot material returning heat preservation coefficient) multiplied by H (blank effective thickness).
Step two: the high-temperature alloy ring blank is put into an electric furnace to be insulated according to the preheating temperature for a first period of time, then is heated to the heating temperature along with the furnace for a second period of time, and is discharged from the furnace to be pre-reamed after being insulated, so that a proper-size rough blank is prepared, pre-reamed fire and deformation of each fire are set according to the actual size of a forging piece, and the deformation of each fire is required to be not less than 30%; the speed of the pre-reaming ring is set to be 6-9 mm/s; the speed of pre-reaming is set to ensure that the forging can be preformed and forged in the required deformation in a preset time, the forging temperature of the ring blank is ensured, and the non-uniformity of the structure of the ring blank caused by non-uniformity of a temperature field can not occur.
The ring blank is placed into an electric furnace according to a heating specification to be insulated at T4 ℃, the insulation time is calculated according to k1min/mm (preheating insulation coefficient) x H (effective thickness of the blank), then the temperature is raised to T5 along with the furnace, the insulation time is calculated according to k2min/mm (high-temperature insulation coefficient) x H (effective thickness of the blank), forging is performed for multiple times, the hot material is returned to the furnace to be insulated without preheating, the heat is directly insulated at T6, and the insulation time is calculated according to k3min/mm (hot material is returned to the furnace to be insulated coefficient) x H (effective thickness of the blank); transferring the ring blank to a ring rolling mill for pre-reaming after discharging, wherein the forging time of each fire is controlled to be 60+/-20 s, and the pre-reaming forging fire and deformation are controlled by material characteristics, reaming equipment capacity, ring blank size and the like; preferably, in the case of non-rollable ring heights in the apparatus, the blanks are transferred to the forging press for planar end face after pre-hole expansion to ensure ring height dimensions.
And step two, preferably machining the chamfer angle on the obtained blank, preventing uneven tissue caused by overheat of the chamfer angle during final expansion deformation, and carrying out final reaming after machining the chamfer angle.
Step three: the high-temperature alloy is put into an electric furnace to be insulated according to the preheating temperature for a first period, the temperature is raised to the heating temperature along with the furnace to be insulated for a second period, the furnace is discharged for final reaming after the heat preservation, the rough reaming is carried out to an annular piece with a preset size, the forging fire and the deformation are set according to the actual size of the forging piece, the final fire deformation is required to be not less than 20%, the main deformation reaming time is not more than 60s, and the thermal shrinkage rate of the forging piece size is 1.6-1.8%; the annular speed increasing of the final reaming is set at 8-12 mm/s; the setting of the deformation of the last fire and the increase of the ring ensures the consistency of the temperature field of the forging body and the uniformity of the structure of the forging under a certain deformation, the thermal shrinkage of the forging ensures the dimensional accuracy of the forging in the deformation process, the uniformity of the structure and the reduction of the internal stress.
Placing the ring blank into an electric furnace according to a heating standard, carrying out heat preservation at T7 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to k1min/mm (preheating heat preservation coefficient) x H (blank effective thickness), then heating to T8 along with the furnace, calculating the heat preservation time according to k2min/mm (high temperature heat preservation coefficient) x H (blank effective thickness), forging by multiple times, carrying out heat preservation at T9 directly without preheating by hot material furnace return, and calculating the heat preservation time according to k3min/mm (hot material furnace return heat preservation coefficient) x H (blank effective thickness); transferring the ring blank to a ring rolling mill for final reaming after discharging, wherein the forging time of each fire is controlled to be 40+/-20 s, and the pre-reaming forging fire and deformation are controlled by material characteristics, reaming equipment capacity, ring blank size and the like.
After the third step, machining is preferably carried out on burrs of the obtained ring piece so as to meet the requirement of subsequent forging, and the burrs are mainly prevented from influencing the expansion type working procedure, so that the internal stress of the forging piece cannot be uniformly released;
step four: the high-temperature alloy ring piece is put into an electric furnace to be insulated for a certain period of time according to the solid solution temperature, and the ring piece is discharged from the furnace to be subjected to primary bulging after the insulation: bulging to a first preset thermal size, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10 s; rotating the annular piece for 10-20 degrees, bulging to a second preset thermal size, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10 s; then the ring blank is rotated for 10 to 20 degrees, bulging is carried out until the hot dimension of the forging figure dimension is reached, the pressure is maintained for 5 to 10 seconds, and the deformation is gradually decreased; the heat shrinkage of the forging size is suitably reduced.
The ring piece is insulated according to the temperature T10, the temperature time of the insulation is calculated according to k5min/mm (expansion type insulation coefficient) x H (effective thickness of blank), the ring piece is discharged and transferred to an expansion machine to be expanded, the expansion is carried out after the expansion is completed for alpha DEG (10 DEG-20 DEG) and then the expansion is carried out for the next time, and the expansion is carried out for more than or equal to 2 times after each fire.
Step five: and carrying out heat treatment on the forging according to a heat treatment system.
The superalloy comprises an age-hardened nickel-base superalloy and an age-hardened iron-base superalloy.
The high-temperature alloy upsetting cake is heated in three links of punching, pre-reaming and final reaming by adopting two steps, wherein the three links adopt the same preheating and highest heating temperature;
the preheating and heat preserving time in three links of punching, pre-reaming and final reaming of the superalloy upsetting cakes is calculated according to 0.8-1.0 min/mm, and the highest heating temperature and heat preserving time is calculated according to 0.5-0.8 min/mm.
The high-temperature alloy ring piece is heated and insulated by adopting the solid solution temperature when in bulging, and the solid solution temperature can reduce the internal phase interface energy of the high-temperature alloy, thereby achieving the effect of releasing internal stress by bulging deformation.
The heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.5-0.8 min/mm when the high-temperature alloy annular piece is expanded, the shortest heat preservation time is calculated according to 50min, and the shortest heat preservation time can ensure that the temperature of the forging can meet the requirement of the final reaming or expanding material state when the final wall thickness of the forging is smaller.
The total deformation of the superalloy annular piece is 2% -10% when the superalloy annular piece swells; the setting of the total deformation of the multiple bulging is the small deformation of the hot forging, and the small and uniform deformation ensures that the internal stress of the ring-shaped forging manufactured by the method can be fully released, and the stress deformation condition of the forging caused in the subsequent heat treatment, machining and other working procedures is reduced.
The deformation amount of the superalloy annular part during bulging is sequentially 1% -5%, 0.5% -3% and 0.5% -2%, and stress generated by forging is generated after forced deformation, so that certain deformation must be performed for multiple times in the bulging process.
The thermal shrinkage rate of the superalloy annular piece during bulging is reduced by 0.1-0.3% compared with that during reaming, and the set thermal shrinkage rate corresponds to the deformation amount during bulging, so that the thermal shrinkage rate is a necessary condition for the maximum release of the stress of the forging piece at the bulging temperature.
Examples:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The embodiment is the specific steps of certain GH4169 low-pressure primary casing production born by the company of me:
step 1: the blanking specification is determined according to the size of the forging piece: phi 250 multiplied by 405mm, according to GH4169 alloy phase diagram, loading blanks which are blanked according to specifications into an electric furnace, and preserving heat at 890 ℃ at the preheating temperature of 250mm multiplied by 0.8 min/mm=200 min, and then heating to 1040 ℃ along with the furnace, wherein the preserving heat time is 250mm multiplied by 0.6 min/mm=150 min. Discharging and transferring blanks to a 2500t quick forging machine, and punching by two-fire upsetting cakesThe deformation amount per fire is about 50%, and the size of the punching core material is phi 180 multiplied by 60mm.
Step 2: the blank is put into an electric furnace to be insulated according to the preheating temperature of 890 ℃, the heat insulation time is 125mm multiplied by 0.8 mm/min=100 min, then the temperature is increased to 1020 ℃ along with the furnace, and the heat insulation time is 125mm multiplied by 0.6 mm/min=75 min. Discharging and transferring the blank to a phi 1600 vertical numerical control ring rolling machine for pre-reaming (first fire) when the blank is expanded to be When the deformation is about 38%, transferring the blank to the upper surface of a 16MN free forging press to carry out flat end surface to 120mm, returning to the furnace for heating after the blank is lower than the final forging temperature, and carrying out pre-reaming (second fire) after the blank is discharged and transferred to a phi 2200 number controlled diameter axial ring rolling machine for heat preservation time of 60min at 1020 ℃ without preheating, wherein the blank is expanded to The deformation amount was about 35%.
At this time, the inside and outside round corners of the blank are full, the chamfer angle is required to be machined, the chamfer radius is 25mm, the uneven structure caused by overheat of the chamfer angle during final expansion deformation is prevented, and final reaming can be performed after the chamfer angle is machined.
Step 3: and (3) placing the blank subjected to chamfering into an electric furnace to be insulated according to the preheating temperature of 890 ℃, wherein the heat insulation time is 78mm multiplied by 0.8 mm/min=65 min, and then heating to 1020 ℃ along with the furnace, and the heat insulation time is 78mm multiplied by 0.6mm/min for 50min. Discharging and transferring the blank to a phi 2200-number-control-diameter axial ring rolling machine for final reaming, setting the speed increase of the final reaming ring to be 8-12 mm/s, enlarging the inner diameter of the blank to phi 650 (first fire), wherein the deformation amount is about 34%, the reaming time is 37s, returning to the furnace for heating after the blank is lower than the final forging temperature, and carrying out pre-reaming (second fire) after the blank is not preheated and the heat preservation time is 50min at 1015 ℃, discharging and transferring the blank to the phi 2200-number-control-diameter axial ring rolling machine, enlarging the inner diameter of the blank to phi 708, and the deformation amount is about 35%.
After the blank is cooled, burrs of the ring piece are required to be machined so as to meet the requirement of subsequent forging.
Step 4: the ring piece with the processed burrs is put into an electric furnace to be insulated at 960 ℃ for 50min, and is discharged and transferred to a 1000t hydraulic bulging machine to be bulged for one time, and the inner hole is bulged to the position(thermal dimension) dwell time 5-10 s, deformation 2%; rotating the ring blank by 15 degrees, bulging the inner hole to +.>(thermal dimension) dwell time 5-10 s, deformation 0.6%; rotating the ring blank by 15 degrees, bulging the inner hole to the depth +.>(thermal dimension) dwell time 5-10 s, deformation 0.5%; obtaining the superalloy forging with phi 824+/-5 (outer diameter) multiplied by phi 739+/-5 (inner diameter) multiplied by 129+/-3 (height).
Step 5: and performing heat treatment according to forging materials, sizes and performance requirements.
Claims (9)
1. A method of forging a homogeneous low stress superalloy ring comprising:
step one: the high-temperature alloy bar stock is put into an electric furnace to be heated to a preheating temperature and is kept at the same time, a upsetting cake is punched to the height dimension of a forging piece, the pressing speed is controlled to be 10-15 mm/s, and the deformation is controlled to be 45-65%;
step two: heating the blank after upsetting cake punching to a heating temperature after preserving heat according to a pre-reaming preheating temperature, preserving heat, discharging from a furnace after preserving heat, pre-reaming to obtain a rough blank, setting the speed increase of a pre-reaming ring at 6-9 mm/s, and setting the deformation of the pre-reaming ring to be not less than 30%;
step three: heating to a heating temperature for heat preservation according to the preheating temperature of the final reaming, discharging the final reaming after heat preservation to obtain a forging piece, setting the annular speed increase of the final reaming at 8-12 mm/s, and setting the final fire deformation of the final reaming at not less than 20%;
step four: heating the forging to the solid solution temperature for preserving heat for a certain period of time, discharging the forging from the furnace after preserving heat, performing multiple bulging on the annular piece, gradually decreasing the deformation of the bulging, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10 s in each bulging; after the previous bulging is finished, rotating for 10-20 degrees, and performing lower bulging; after multiple bulging, the hot dimension of the forging diagram dimension is reached;
step five: and carrying out heat treatment on the expanded forging according to a heat treatment system.
2. The forging method of a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1, wherein the pre-heating temperature and the heating temperature of the heading cake punch, the pre-reaming and the final reaming are the same.
3. The forging method for a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1, wherein the heating coefficients of the heading cake punch, the pre-reaming and the final reaming are all the same.
4. The forging method for a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring according to claim 2, wherein the heating temperature is 1000 to 1040 ℃.
5. The forging method of a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1 wherein in step four, the amount of deformation per expansion is between 0.5% and 2% per time.
6. The forging method of a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1 wherein the expansion step four has the same heating temperature.
7. The forging method for a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1, wherein the dwell time and the rotation angle for each bulging are the same.
8. The forging method of a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1, wherein the step two, after the rough shape is obtained, further comprises turning an inner hole of the rough shape, and chamfering upper and lower end surface rounded corners of the inner hole.
9. The forging method of a homogeneous low-stress superalloy ring component according to claim 1, wherein after the forging step three, further comprising: and machining the inner and outer circular burrs of the forging.
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| CN202311570648.8A CN117620073A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Forging method of homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part |
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| CN202311570648.8A CN117620073A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Forging method of homogeneous low-stress high-temperature alloy annular part |
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