CN117614047B - Medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system - Google Patents
Medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to a power supply system, and the power supply framework of the power supply system for the existing data center is limited by a power frequency transformer, and the power conversion of power frequency is replaced by high-frequency conversion, so that the power supply system for the data center is provided in spite of potential advantages of improving efficiency and reducing volume, but a clear solution for the data center is lacking. The power electronic transformer is adopted, and the power frequency is replaced by high-frequency conversion, so that the transmission efficiency, the occupied area and the flexibility of the power supply system are optimized. The N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, so that flexible configuration of a power supply system and flexible power supply of IT loads with different powers can be met. The power supply system can save a traditional power frequency transformer, so that a more flexible, intelligent and efficient power supply system is built, and meanwhile, a low-voltage direct current bus is formed on the output side of the power electronic transformer, so that efficient access of distributed energy sources can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to a power supply system, and particularly relates to a medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system.
Background
The large-scale construction of the digital economic induced spawning data center, and the power supply system of the data center is an important component of the data center. In terms of the present stage, data center power systems face challenges in terms of: (1) high efficiency requirements of data center power systems. The data center is a large consumer of the power system, the capacity of the large data center exceeds hundred megawatts, and the large data center consumes electric energy at all times, so that if the power supply efficiency can be improved, huge economic benefits are brought; (2) high density requirements of data center power systems. The capacity of the data center cabinet is gradually increased, the occupied area ratio of the traditional power supply scheme is higher under the condition of the same occupied area, and the resources of the data center cabinet are preempted, so that a power supply system with higher density needs to be constructed.
In order to meet the above application trend, the data center power supply system is also continuously optimized and upgraded. The data center power supply system adopts a UPS (Uninterruptible Power System) power supply mode at the earliest, and ensures the power supply reliability through the alternating current-direct current, direct current-alternating current multi-link conversion of electric energy, but simultaneously sacrifices the efficiency and the power density. In other power supply systems, the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current ) power supply system adopts a direct current distribution mode, so that the loss in a direct current distribution line can be reduced, and meanwhile, the loss in an electric energy conversion link can be optimized. In the power supply framework of the Panama power supply, direct current power supply is realized through a phase-shifting transformer and a rectifying link, so that the overall power supply efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the occupied area is optimized through high integration inside. In the whole, the existing power supply system converts electric energy into low-voltage alternating current through a power frequency transformer, and realizes alternating current or direct current load power supply through different forms of electric energy conversion, and the power supply framework is limited by the power frequency transformer.
The power electronic transformer utilizes high-frequency conversion to replace power frequency electric energy conversion through a power electronic technology, and has the potential advantages of improving efficiency and reducing volume. At present, a great deal of patents and literature have proposed data center power supply schemes based on power electronic transformers. In the chinese patent application of utility model, publication No. CN115065144a, a power electronic transformer applied in a data center scenario is proposed, and it is pointed out that it is expected to improve the power quality and the overall conversion efficiency of the power grid access, but no clear solution is proposed for the overall architecture of the power electronic transformer in the data center. In the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN213585162U, a system architecture for jointly supplying power by adopting a traditional transformer and a power electronic transformer is proposed, and the uninterrupted power supply requirement is met by AC/DC double-circuit power supply, but the whole scheme of a converter system is not involved. In the chinese patent of the utility model with publication number CN111146962a, a topology structure of a power electronic transformer applied in a data center scenario is proposed, and medium voltage direct grid connection is realized in a cascade manner, but a specific conversion manner of a data center load and a corresponding power supply scheme are not involved. In the chinese patent application publication No. CN111384718A, a detailed data center power supply architecture is proposed, but the implementation manner of the power electronic transformer is not clear, and it is not possible to guide a power supply architecture with higher efficiency and high power density.
Disclosure of Invention
The power supply framework of the power supply system of the existing data center is limited by a power frequency transformer, and high-frequency conversion is utilized to replace power frequency electric energy conversion, so that the power supply system has the potential advantages of improving efficiency and reducing size, but lacks an explicit solution for the data center. A medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme:
a medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system comprises a medium-voltage distribution network, a power electronic transformer and M load power supply units;
the load power supply unit comprises N DC/DC converters, the input sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the input end of the load power supply unit, and the output sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the output end of the load power supply unit; the N and M are integers greater than 1;
the output end of the medium-voltage distribution network is connected with the input end of the power electronic transformer, the output end of the power electronic transformer is respectively connected with the input ends of M load power supply units, and the output ends of the M load power supply units are respectively connected with M IT loads of the data center;
a storage battery is arranged between each load power supply unit and the corresponding IT load.
Further, the power electronic transformer includes a plurality of power modules;
and the medium-voltage distribution network sides of the power modules are connected in series, and the low-voltage direct current bus sides are connected in parallel.
Further, the medium-voltage distribution network is an alternating-current distribution network;
the power module comprises a first AC/DC converter, a DC/AC converter, a high-frequency transformer and a second AC/DC converter which are sequentially connected;
the input end of the first AC/DC converter is close to the side of the medium-voltage distribution network, and the output end of the second AC/DC converter is close to the side of the low-voltage direct-current bus.
Further, the topology structure of the first AC/DC converter includes a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a first clamping diode K1, a second clamping diode K2, a third clamping diode K3 and a fourth clamping diode K4; the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel, and each of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm comprises four power devices connected in series; the first clamping diode K1 and the second clamping diode K2 are connected in series to form a first diode string, and the third clamping diode K3 and the fourth clamping diode K4 are connected in series to form a second diode string; one end of the first diode string is connected between a first power device and a second power device in the first bridge arm, the other end of the first diode string is connected between a third power device and a fourth power device in the first bridge arm, one end of the second diode string is connected between the first power device and the second power device in the second bridge arm, and the other end of the second diode string is connected between the third power device and the fourth power device in the second bridge arm; the high voltage side of the first AC/DC converter is formed between the second power device and the third power device in the first bridge arm and between the second power device and the third power device in the second bridge arm;
the DC/AC converter, the high-frequency transformer and the second AC/DC converter form an isolated DC/DC converter, and the topological structure of the isolated DC/DC converter comprises a high-voltage side bridge arm, a high-frequency loop and a low-voltage side bridge arm; the high-voltage side bridge arm comprises a direct-current capacitor C1, a direct-current capacitor C2, a first half-bridge and a second half-bridge, wherein the first half-bridge and the second half-bridge comprise two power devices connected in series; the direct current capacitor C1 is connected with the first half bridge in parallel to form an upper half bridge arm; the direct current capacitor C2 is connected with the second half bridge in parallel to form a lower half bridge arm, and the upper half bridge arm is connected with the lower half bridge arm in series; the high-frequency loop comprises a blocking capacitor C3, a resonant inductor L1 and a high-frequency isolation transformer, wherein the blocking capacitor C3 and the resonant inductor L1 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer are respectively connected with the outputs of the first half bridge and the second half bridge; the low-voltage side bridge arm comprises a capacitor C4, a third half-bridge and a fourth half-bridge which are connected in parallel, wherein the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge comprise two power devices which are connected in series, the output ends of the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are respectively connected with the two ends of the output side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the capacitor C4 are used as the low-voltage side of the first AC/DC converter;
the series connection node of the first diode string, the series connection node of the second diode string, and the series connection node of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm are connected.
Further, the control of the first AC/DC converter includes:
the first voltage control loop generates a network side current setting according to the low-voltage direct-current voltage setting and the low-voltage direct-current voltage feedback;
the first current control loop generates a first control signal based on the grid-side current setting and the grid-side current feedback, and provides the first control signal to the first AC/DC converter.
Further, the control of the isolated DC/DC converter includes:
a second control signal is generated by a second voltage control loop based on the bus voltage setting and the bus voltage feedback of the isolated DC/DC converter, and is provided to the isolated DC/DC converter.
Further, the DC/DC converter comprises a first active power device K5, a second active power device K6, a diode K7, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and a capacitor C5;
the drain electrode of the first active power device K5 is connected with a positive bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus, and the source electrode of the second active power device K6 is connected with a negative bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus; the anode of the diode K7, the drain electrode of the second active power device K6 and one end of the inductor L3 are connected, the cathode of the diode K7, the source electrode of the first active power device K5 and one end of the inductor L2 are connected, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with one end of the capacitor C5, and the other end of the inductor L3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C5; both ends of the capacitor C5 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the IT load.
Further, the current of the positive bus and the current of the negative bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus are equal.
Further, the control of the DC/DC converter includes:
generating a corresponding voltage command Vo-ref according to the charge and discharge requirements of the storage battery, and generating a current command i-ref through a third voltage control loop by taking the voltage Vo at the output side of the DC/DC converter as feedback;
the current command i-ref and the current iu of the positive bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus are combined, a Su control signal is generated through a second current control loop, and the first active power device K5 is controlled to be turned on or off; meanwhile, according to the difference between the current id of the negative bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus and the current iu of the positive bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus, an Sd control signal is generated through a third current control loop, and the second active power device K6 is controlled to be turned on or off.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the power supply system for the medium-voltage direct-hanging data center can realize high-efficiency, high-power density and high-flexibility power supply to the data center, and is beneficial to the high efficiency and the greenization of the data center. Aiming at medium-voltage distribution network access, a power electronic transformer is adopted, and the power frequency is replaced by high-frequency transformation, so that the transmission efficiency, the occupied area and the flexibility of a power supply system are optimized. The N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, so that flexible configuration of a power supply system and flexible power supply of IT loads with different powers can be met. The power supply system can save a traditional power frequency transformer, so that a more flexible, intelligent and efficient power supply system is built, and meanwhile, a low-voltage direct current bus is formed on the output side of the power electronic transformer, so that efficient access of distributed energy sources can be promoted.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should therefore not be considered limiting in scope, and that other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without the inventive effort of a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a basic embodiment of a medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of connection of a power electronic transformer according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of connection of a power module in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a power module in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of a high voltage interface circuit in a power electronic transformer in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of a isolated DC/DC converter circuit in a power electronic transformer in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a topology of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a control block diagram of a DC/DC converter topology in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The data center power supply system is a system for providing stable and reliable power supply support for all equipment needing power supply in a machine room. The application provides a medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system, which is based on a power electronic transformer and a DC/DC converter and can realize direct power supply of IT loads in a data center. While no longer subject to power frequency transformers, an explicit solution for data centers utilizing power electronics transformers is presented. The power supply system can be applied to data centers with different scales, and provides powerful support for the reduction of the comprehensive energy consumption level of the data center.
As shown in fig. 1, a basic embodiment of a medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system of the present application may include a medium voltage distribution network, a power electronic transformer, and M load power supply units.
The load power supply unit comprises N DC/DC converters, the input sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the input end of the load power supply unit, and the output sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the output end of the load power supply unit. Wherein, N and M are integers greater than 1, and the specific value of N and M can be set according to actual need, and the application is not limited. For example, the value of M is set correspondingly according to the number of IT loads in the data center, and the value of N may be set according to the capacity of the IT loads.
The output end of the medium-voltage distribution network is connected with the input end of the power electronic transformer, the output end of the power electronic transformer is respectively connected with the input ends of M load power supply units, and the output ends of the M load power supply units are respectively connected with M IT loads of the data center.
A battery is provided between each load power supply unit and the corresponding IT load.
In practical application, the medium voltage distribution network can be a 10kV or 35kV distribution network, direct connection of the medium voltage distribution network can be realized through a power electronic transformer, and the power electronic transformer can realize energy isolation and transmission through a power electronic technology, and can be used for constructing a low-voltage direct current bus by relying on the characteristic that the energy of power electronic equipment is adjustable. The low voltage dc bus is an intermediate bus of the power supply system for achieving collection of electrical energy and redistribution to the load. The low-voltage direct-current bus is connected with the plurality of load power supply units, so that power supply of 1 to M load power supply units can be realized, and the load power supply units supply power to IT loads in the data center. In order to ensure the power supply reliability, a storage battery is arranged between each load power supply unit and the corresponding IT load, namely on an IT load bus, the storage battery is directly connected to the IT load bus, and the storage battery can be charged and managed through the load power supply units, and meanwhile, the IT load is powered. The load power supply unit includes N DC/DC converters, and the input side and the output side of each DC/DC converter are connected in parallel in the same load power supply unit.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a connection of a power electronic transformer is shown. The power electronic transformer can comprise a plurality of power modules, the power modules comprise interfaces at the side of a medium-voltage distribution network and interfaces at the side of a low-voltage direct-current bus, the power modules are connected with the power modules in a series connection mode at the interfaces at the side of the medium-voltage distribution network, the power modules which are connected in series are directly connected into the medium-voltage distribution network, and the series connection mode is suitable for an alternating-current medium-voltage distribution network and a direct-current medium-voltage distribution network. The power module is directly connected in parallel with the power module at the low-voltage direct-current bus side, and the low-voltage direct-current bus can be constructed to supply power for the IT load after the power module is connected in parallel. Aiming at the power module, the power module has the characteristics of two ports, one port is connected with a medium-voltage distribution network, and the other port is connected with a low-voltage direct-current bus. For connection of the power electronic transformer and the medium-voltage distribution network, taking the medium-voltage distribution network as an example, as shown in fig. 3, a connection schematic diagram of the power module is shown. The power module comprises a first AC/DC converter, a DC/AC converter, a high-frequency transformer and a second AC/DC converter which are sequentially connected, wherein the input end of the first AC/DC converter is close to the side of the medium-voltage distribution network, and the output end of the second AC/DC converter is close to the side of the low-voltage direct-current bus. The first AC/DC converter converts alternating-current type electric energy in the medium-voltage distribution network into direct-current type electric energy. The DC/AC converter, the high-frequency transformer and the second AC/DC converter form an isolated DC/DC converter, and the isolated DC/DC converter realizes the electrical isolation between the medium-voltage distribution network and the low-voltage power network and ensures the safety of low-voltage side electric equipment. The DC/AC converter and the second AC/DC converter complete conversion of direct current electric energy and high-frequency alternating current electric energy, and the high-frequency transformer achieves transmission and electrical isolation of medium-voltage side high-frequency electric energy and low-voltage side high-frequency electric energy.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic topology structure of a power module is shown, in which a first AC/DC converter forms a high-voltage interface circuit, and in order to support a higher DC voltage, the high-voltage interface circuit adopts a three-level topology based on diode clamping, and since a power electronic transformer adopts cascade connection, an output port is two phases, and medium-voltage AC and medium-voltage DC can be compatible at the same time. Aiming at the application requirement of power flow bidirectional flow of the power electronic transformer, the topological structure can effectively work in an inversion mode and a rectification mode, and output power can be adjusted at will through implementation of a modulation strategy. The three-level topological structure comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a first clamping diode K1, a second clamping diode K2, a third clamping diode K3 and a fourth clamping diode K4. The first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel, and each of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm comprises four power devices connected in series. The first clamping diode K1 and the second clamping diode K2 are connected in series to form a first diode string, and the third clamping diode K3 and the fourth clamping diode K4 are connected in series to form a second diode string. One end of the first diode string is connected between a first power device and a second power device in the first bridge arm, the other end of the first diode string is connected between a third power device and a fourth power device in the first bridge arm, one end of the second diode string is connected between the first power device and the second power device in the second bridge arm, and the other end of the second diode string is connected between the third power device and the fourth power device in the second bridge arm. And the high voltage side of the first AC/DC converter is formed between the second power device and the third power device in the first bridge arm and between the second power device and the third power device in the second bridge arm. The power device can be a fully-controlled semiconductor device, such as a silicon-based IGBT or MOSFET, or an IGBT or MOSFET based on silicon carbide or gallium nitride material. The two bridge arms can ensure the output of the two-phase system, and the connection position of the diode string can realize the clamping of the diode. Through the topological structure, the voltage withstand grades of the power devices are all referenced by half of the direct current bus voltage, and the voltage grade of the module direct current bus can be improved on the premise of adopting the common voltage withstand grade devices in the industry.
The topological structure of the isolation DC/DC converter comprises a high-voltage side bridge arm, a high-frequency loop and a low-voltage side bridge arm. The high-voltage side bridge arm comprises a direct-current capacitor C1, a direct-current capacitor C2, a first half-bridge (P3 in fig. 4) and a second half-bridge (P4 in fig. 4), wherein the first half-bridge and the second half-bridge comprise two power devices connected in series. The direct current capacitor C1 is connected with the first half bridge in parallel to form an upper half bridge arm. The direct current capacitor C2 is connected with the second half bridge in parallel to form a lower half bridge arm, and the upper half bridge arm is connected with the lower half bridge arm in series. The high-voltage side bridge arm adopts a topological form of a series half bridge, wherein the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm are connected in series on a direct-current capacitor side to form a direct-current bus, and the output of the upper half bridge arm and the output of the lower half bridge arm form the integral output of the high-voltage side bridge arm on the output side of the bridge arm. Because the half-bridge type is adopted for series connection, each device can be used for improving the voltage level of the direct-current bus of the module on the premise of adopting the common voltage-resistant level device in the industry according to half bus voltage as a voltage-resistant reference. Meanwhile, the converter loop of the power device only comprises two devices, the whole converter loop is very simple, and the parasitic inductance in the converter loop is small, so that the loss in the switching-on and switching-off process is lower than that of the traditional clamp type topological structure, and the higher switching frequency can be supported, so that the miniaturization, the light weight and the high efficiency of the device are promoted.
The high-frequency loop comprises a blocking capacitor C3, a resonant inductor L1 and a high-frequency isolation transformer, wherein the blocking capacitor C3 and the resonant inductor L1 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer are respectively connected with the outputs of the first half bridge and the second half bridge. The blocking capacitor C3 is used for isolating a direct current component output by the high-voltage side bridge arm, so that transmission of an alternating current in the high-frequency isolation transformer is satisfied, and in practical application, the blocking capacitor C3 can be a thin film capacitor or a ceramic capacitor. The high-frequency isolation transformer is used for realizing alternating-current energy transfer and electric isolation, is beneficial to the operation of the isolation DC/DC converter in a circuit in a high-frequency state, has smaller volume and weight compared with the traditional power frequency transformer, and further can promote the equipment weight and miniaturization of the power electronic transformer. The resonant inductor L1 is used for suppressing the current slope in the high-frequency loop, and in practical application, the inductor can be configured independently, and leakage inductance in the high-frequency isolation transformer can be multiplexed.
The low-voltage side bridge arm adopts a full-bridge topology structure and is provided with two groups of half-bridge circuits. The low-voltage side bridge arm comprises a capacitor C4, a third half-bridge (P5 in fig. 4) and a fourth half-bridge (P6 in fig. 4) which are connected in parallel, the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge comprise two power devices which are connected in series, the output ends of the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are respectively connected with the two ends of the output side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the capacitor C4 are used as the low-voltage side of the first AC/DC converter. The third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are connected in parallel to the low-voltage direct-current bus side. Since the low voltage side is usually connected with a common load or a distributed power generation system, the voltage level is often below 1500V, and a semiconductor device with a withstand voltage level common in the industry can be adopted.
In practical application, because the power electronic transformer needs to realize bidirectional power transmission, the low-voltage side can also adopt a fully-controlled semiconductor device, can adopt a silicon-based IGBT or MOSFET, and can also adopt an IGBT or MOSFET based on silicon carbide or gallium nitride materials.
In practical application, the isolated DC/DC converter operates in a topological structure corresponding to that of the isolated DC/DC converter, and adopts a phase-shifting operation mode of a high-voltage side bridge arm and a low-voltage side bridge arm. In the phase-shifting operation mode, the high-voltage side bridge arm and the low-voltage side bridge arm realize power transmission by changing the phase shifting angle, so that the two-phase power flow of the power and the adjustment of the power can be ensured. Compared with the existing frequency-adjusting resonant topological structure, the isolated DC/DC converter corresponding topological structure can achieve more flexible power transmission. The resonant topology structure needs to determine the resonant frequency according to the parameter values of the passive elements in the high-frequency loop, the overall error is large, meanwhile, the circuit can work in different modes due to frequency adjustment, and high-efficiency operation is difficult to realize. According to the circuit control method, circuit control is achieved in a moving mode, the parameter value of the blocking capacitor C3 and the resonant inductor L1 in the high-frequency loop is not dependent, meanwhile, the frequency always works at a fixed frequency, and extra burden is not brought to circuit design and design of the high-frequency isolation transformer.
As shown in fig. 5, a control block diagram of a high voltage interface circuit in a power electronic transformer in the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 6, a control block diagram of the isolated DC/DC converter circuit in the power electronic transformer of the present application is shown. Corresponding strategies are formulated for the control of the high-voltage interface circuit and the isolated DC/DC converter circuit. For high voltage interface circuit control, two control links are included: (1) a first voltage control loop. The reference signal is a low voltage dc voltage setpoint and a low voltage dc voltage feedback (voltage on the low side in fig. 4), and the first voltage control loop generates a grid side current setpoint based on the setpoint and feedback signals. (2) a first current control loop. Based on the grid-side current setting and the grid-side current feedback (corresponding current of the medium voltage distribution network), the first current control loop generates a corresponding first control signal and provides the corresponding first control signal to the high voltage interface circuit. For the control of the isolated DC/DC converter circuit, a single second voltage control loop is included, which is given as bus voltage given, the feedback is bus voltage feedback of the isolated DC/DC converter, and a second control signal is generated through the second voltage control loop and provided to the isolated DC/DC converter. The isolated DC/DC converter operates in accordance with the manner in which the carrier is shifted.
As shown in fig. 7, a schematic diagram of the topology of the DC/DC converter is shown. The DC/DC converter comprises a first active power device K5, a second active power device K6, a diode K7, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and a capacitor C5. The drain electrode of the first active power device K5 is connected with a positive bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus, and the source electrode of the second active power device K6 is connected with a negative bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus. The positive electrode of the diode K7, the drain electrode of the second active power device K6 and one end of the inductor L3 are connected, the negative electrode of the diode K7, the source electrode of the first active power device K5 and one end of the inductor L2 are connected, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with one end of the capacitor C5, and the other end of the inductor L3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C5. Both ends of the capacitor C5 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the IT load.
The DC/DC converter is different from a traditional Buck type circuit, negative current control can be achieved through controlling the second active power device K6, and then in the parallel operation process of a plurality of DC/DC converters, the negative current is controlled to be the same as the positive current, and no circulation is achieved among the plurality of DC/DC converters. The DC/DC converter topological structure can support multiple parallel machines of the DC/DC converter, so that the DC/DC converter can be flexibly configured under different application working conditions, and further different power requirements are met.
In addition, in order to meet the control of the DC/DC converter, the present application proposes a control strategy of the DC/DC converter topology, as shown in fig. 8, which is a control block diagram of the DC/DC converter topology. For convenience of description, the first active power device K5 is defined as Su, the second active power device K6 is defined as Sd, the current of the positive bus is iu, the current of the negative bus is id, and the output side voltage is vo. Firstly, a voltage command needs to be generated, the voltage command needs to be combined with the charge state of the load side storage battery, a corresponding voltage command Vo-ref is generated according to the charge and discharge requirements of the storage battery, and the voltage Vo is used as feedback to be provided to a third voltage control loop. The third voltage control loop generates a current instruction i-ref, the current instruction i-ref is combined with the current iu, and the second current control loop is utilized to generate a Su control signal to control the Su to be turned on or turned off. Meanwhile, the difference between the current id and the current iu is provided to the third current control loop to generate an Sd control signal to control the Sd to be turned on or off. The control method controls the current id of the negative bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus to be the same as the current iu of the positive bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus while meeting the voltage vo of the output side, so that the DC/DC converter has no circulation under the condition of multi-machine parallel connection, and the multi-machine parallel connection can be effectively supported.
In conclusion, the application relates to a medium-voltage direct-hanging data center power supply system, which solves the problems of low efficiency, large occupied area and the like in the existing power supply system of the data center. On the basis of a power electronic transformer, direct access of a medium-voltage distribution network is realized, a low-voltage direct current bus is constructed, final power supply of a data center IT load and management of animal batteries are realized through a multi-machine parallel non-isolated DC/DC converter. In addition, the power electronic transformer is built through the multi-level technology, so that the module optimization of the power electronic transformer is realized, and the high efficiency and high power density requirements of a power supply system are met. The parallel non-isolated DC/DC converter satisfies the high-efficiency power supply and flexible configuration of the loads of the data centers with different capacities. The method and the device can improve the power supply efficiency of the data center, reduce the investment cost of a power supply system, optimize the overall energy consumption level of the data center and have obvious application advantages.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a data center power supply system is hung to middling pressure which characterized in that: the power supply system comprises a medium-voltage distribution network, a power electronic transformer and M load power supply units;
the load power supply unit comprises N DC/DC converters, the input sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the input end of the load power supply unit, and the output sides of the N DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and serve as the output end of the load power supply unit; the N and M are integers greater than 1;
the DC/DC converter comprises a first active power device K5, a second active power device K6, a diode K7, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and a capacitor C5; the drain electrode of the first active power device K5 is connected with a positive bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus, and the source electrode of the second active power device K6 is connected with a negative bus in the low-voltage direct-current bus; the anode of the diode K7, the drain electrode of the second active power device K6 and one end of the inductor L3 are connected, the cathode of the diode K7, the source electrode of the first active power device K5 and one end of the inductor L2 are connected, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with one end of the capacitor C5, and the other end of the inductor L3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C5; two ends of the capacitor C5 are respectively connected with an anode and a cathode of the IT load;
the control of the DC/DC converter includes: generating a corresponding voltage command Vo-ref according to the charge and discharge requirements of the storage battery, and generating a current command i-ref through a third voltage control loop by taking the voltage Vo at the output side of the DC/DC converter as feedback; the current command i-ref and the current iu of the positive bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus are combined, a Su control signal is generated through a second current control loop, and the first active power device K5 is controlled to be turned on or off; meanwhile, according to the difference between the current id of the negative bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus and the current iu of the positive bus of the low-voltage direct-current bus, an Sd control signal is generated through a third current control loop, and the second active power device K6 is controlled to be turned on or off;
the output end of the medium-voltage distribution network is connected with the input end of the power electronic transformer, the output end of the power electronic transformer is respectively connected with the input ends of M load power supply units, and the output ends of the M load power supply units are respectively connected with M IT loads of the data center;
a storage battery is arranged between each load power supply unit and the corresponding IT load.
2. The medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the power electronic transformer comprises a plurality of power modules;
and the medium-voltage distribution network sides of the power modules are connected in series, and the low-voltage direct current bus sides are connected in parallel.
3. A medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the medium-voltage distribution network is an alternating-current distribution network;
the power module comprises a first AC/DC converter, a DC/AC converter, a high-frequency transformer and a second AC/DC converter which are sequentially connected;
the input end of the first AC/DC converter is close to the side of the medium-voltage distribution network, and the output end of the second AC/DC converter is close to the side of the low-voltage direct-current bus.
4. A medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the topological structure of the first AC/DC converter comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a first clamping diode K1, a second clamping diode K2, a third clamping diode K3 and a fourth clamping diode K4; the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel, and each of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm comprises four power devices connected in series; the first clamping diode K1 and the second clamping diode K2 are connected in series to form a first diode string, and the third clamping diode K3 and the fourth clamping diode K4 are connected in series to form a second diode string; one end of the first diode string is connected between a first power device and a second power device in the first bridge arm, the other end of the first diode string is connected between a third power device and a fourth power device in the first bridge arm, one end of the second diode string is connected between the first power device and the second power device in the second bridge arm, and the other end of the second diode string is connected between the third power device and the fourth power device in the second bridge arm; the high voltage side of the first AC/DC converter is formed between the second power device and the third power device in the first bridge arm and between the second power device and the third power device in the second bridge arm;
the DC/AC converter, the high-frequency transformer and the second AC/DC converter form an isolated DC/DC converter, and the topological structure of the isolated DC/DC converter comprises a high-voltage side bridge arm, a high-frequency loop and a low-voltage side bridge arm; the high-voltage side bridge arm comprises a direct-current capacitor C1, a direct-current capacitor C2, a first half-bridge and a second half-bridge, wherein the first half-bridge and the second half-bridge comprise two power devices connected in series; the direct current capacitor C1 is connected with the first half bridge in parallel to form an upper half bridge arm; the direct current capacitor C2 is connected with the second half bridge in parallel to form a lower half bridge arm, and the upper half bridge arm is connected with the lower half bridge arm in series; the high-frequency loop comprises a blocking capacitor C3, a resonant inductor L1 and a high-frequency isolation transformer, wherein the blocking capacitor C3 and the resonant inductor L1 are respectively connected in series with two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the input side of the high-frequency isolation transformer are respectively connected with the outputs of the first half bridge and the second half bridge; the low-voltage side bridge arm comprises a capacitor C4, a third half-bridge and a fourth half-bridge which are connected in parallel, wherein the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge comprise two power devices which are connected in series, the output ends of the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are respectively connected with the two ends of the output side of the high-frequency isolation transformer, and the two ends of the capacitor C4 are used as the low-voltage side of the first AC/DC converter;
the series connection node of the first diode string, the series connection node of the second diode string, and the series connection node of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm are connected.
5. The medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as set forth in claim 4, wherein: control of the first AC/DC converter, comprising:
the first voltage control loop generates a network side current setting according to the low-voltage direct-current voltage setting and the low-voltage direct-current voltage feedback;
the first current control loop generates a first control signal based on the grid-side current setting and the grid-side current feedback, and provides the first control signal to the first AC/DC converter.
6. The medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the control of the isolated DC/DC converter comprises:
a second control signal is generated by a second voltage control loop based on the bus voltage setting and the bus voltage feedback of the isolated DC/DC converter, and is provided to the isolated DC/DC converter.
7. The medium voltage direct hanging data center power supply system as set forth in claim 6, wherein: and the current of the positive bus and the current of the negative bus of the low-voltage direct current bus are equal.
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