CN117572367B - Satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method, which relates to the technical field of synthetic aperture radar signal processing and comprises the following steps: determining the position of a simulation target according to the orbit parameters and the working parameters of the radar imaging center moment; determining the scanning times of the same sub-band according to the position relation between the false target and the real target; determining an observation time sequence diagram of the simulation target according to the system design parameters and the scanning times; calculating the inclined distance process between the simulation target and the satellite and the included angle of the antenna pattern according to the imaging geometric relation, adding a given system error parameter, and outputting echo signals of each channel; imaging the multichannel ScanSAR echo signals and carrying out azimuth stitching according to the geometric relationship to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result; and carrying out azimuth projection on the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain an energy distribution diagram with a false target. The invention lays a foundation for the design scheme verification and imaging processing of the multichannel synthetic aperture radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of synthetic aperture radar signal processing, in particular to a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method.
Background
The azimuth multi-channel technology is a basic means for realizing high resolution and wide swath simultaneously by using spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR). According to the technology, a plurality of receiving antennas which are linearly arranged are arranged in the azimuth direction, multiple echo signals can be obtained simultaneously in one pulse repetition time, the defect of time dimension sampling is overcome by space dimension sampling, the pulse repetition frequency can be reduced by corresponding times, and therefore the mapping bandwidth is expanded on the premise of guaranteeing the azimuth resolution.
The azimuthal multi-channel SAR may be equivalent to a single aperture SAR when the channel characteristics are consistent. However, in engineering implementation, channel data mismatch during imaging processing may be caused due to factors such as amplitude-phase inconsistency of receiving channel devices, satellite attitude, antenna array surface unevenness, and the like. While one of the most direct effects of channel mismatch on multi-channel SAR imaging is the creation of paired spurious targets.
When the intensity of the false target reaches a certain degree, the image quality and subsequent application of the satellite-borne SAR are seriously affected, so that constraints are necessarily put into each part of the system of the satellite-borne SAR, which possibly causes the false target, in the system demonstration process. The simulation verification of the satellite-borne SAR point target is an important means for verifying the comprehensive performance of the satellite-borne multichannel SAR system, and the construction of the satellite-borne azimuth multichannel SAR false target simulation system is an important way for realizing system index demonstration and performance verification through simulation methods such as multichannel SAR echo signal simulation, channel error simulation and full scene imaging.
In the traditional stripe SAR imaging, the ScanSAR mode changes a wide mapping band in a distance direction by sacrificing azimuth resolution, and becomes a wide working mode commonly used by domestic and foreign spaceborne SAR. This mode of operation requires separate imaging of each burst (imaging time that the SAR stays at a certain lower viewing angle) of the same sub-observation band, followed by azimuthal stitching. When ScanSAR is used in combination with multiple channels, the false target intensities caused by the multiple channel errors need to be quantitatively analyzed in combination with the working mode and the signal processing mode to provide guiding comments on the system development.
Currently, only chinese patent application CN201710385947.2 (a method and apparatus for determining a false target energy ratio of SAR) proposes a method for calculating a false target energy ratio in a SAR signal by using a reconstruction error matrix. But it has the following disadvantages: firstly, reconstructing an error matrix only considers the amplitude-phase error of an SAR signal transmission channel, and in actual conditions, the factors causing the channel error comprise other factors such as satellite attitude, antenna array surface unevenness and the like besides the amplitude-phase error of a receiving channel device; and secondly, only the transmitting antenna pattern is considered in a formula when calculating the false target energy ratio, but the transmitting and receiving antenna patterns cannot be equivalent due to the difference of physical sizes of the antennas during transmitting and receiving, and the multi-channel receiving antenna patterns have channel differences during actual use.
No specific process flow and method for spaceborne ScanSAR false targets under azimuth multi-channel has been reported. The qualitative and quantitative simulation of various error factors of the introduced false target is an important technical problem to be solved for realizing satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR high-quality imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method, which can simulate original echo signals under non-ideal conditions such as attitude errors, channel amplitude and phase errors, antenna array surface unevenness and the like, and then image-process a plurality of burst echo signals and splice the burst echo signals to obtain a one-dimensional curve of false target distribution, so that the false target intensity is quantitatively evaluated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
step one: determining the position of a simulation target according to the orbit parameters and the working parameters of the radar imaging center moment;
step two: determining the scanning times of the same sub-band according to the position relation between the false target and the real target;
step three: determining an observation time sequence diagram of the simulation target according to the system design parameters and the scanning times;
step four: calculating the inclined distance process between the simulation target and the satellite and the included angle of the antenna pattern according to the imaging geometric relation, adding a given system error parameter, and outputting echo signals of each channel;
step five: imaging the multichannel ScanSAR echo signals and carrying out azimuth stitching according to the geometric relationship to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result;
step six: and carrying out azimuth projection on the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain an energy distribution diagram with a false target.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method which can quantitatively analyze false target intensity caused by system errors by combining a working mode and a signal processing mode so as to provide guidance for system development and imaging processing. The invention can effectively simulate the false target caused by the systematic error under various error conditions, and quantitatively describe the influence degree of the false target in the azimuth multichannel spaceborne ScanSAR image on imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional imaging result diagram of multi-channel spaceborne ScanSAR point target imaging;
fig. 3 is a view of the one-dimensional azimuthal projection of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in FIG. 1, the satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
step one: and determining the position of the simulation target according to the orbit parameters and the working parameters at the moment of the radar imaging center.
Firstly, calculating according to the orbit parameters of the radar imaging center moment to obtain the coordinates of the determined satellite under the ground-fixed coordinates; the track parameters comprise a semi-long axis, eccentricity, track inclination angle, near-place amplitude angle, ascending intersection point right ascent and flat near-center angle;
and then determining the coordinates of the simulation target under the ground fixed coordinates according to the antenna downward viewing angle, the azimuth position and the distance position of the real target in the observation scene.
Step two: and determining the scanning times of the same sub-band according to the position relation between the false target and the real target.
Determining beam ground speed at simulated target based on imaging geometry of satellite and target；
Determining azimuth chirp rate at a simulated target based on imaging geometry of a satellite and the target；
Based on the determined beam ground speedDirectional frequency modulation slope->Calculating azimuth interval of false target and real target>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The azimuth interval->Multiplying the azimuth multichannel number N to obtain the total length of azimuth observation between the first-order azimuth ambiguity and the real target>；
，
，
Observing total length according to the obtained azimuthDividing by the azimuth swath length of a single subband>The observation times M required by the same sub-observation band are obtained, and each observation is called 1 burst;
，
step three: and determining an observation time sequence diagram of the simulation target according to the system design parameters and the scanning times. The ScanSAR operating mode is that after a certain period of time resides in a certain sub-observation band, the beam is rapidly switched to the next sub-observation band, and when all sub-observation bands are traversed, the beam repeats the previous process, and the above steps are repeated in a circulating way until the imaging is finished. Thus, for the same sub-observation band, the observation time is intermittent, and the start observation time and the end observation time of each burst need to be determined according to the system design parameters during simulation.
Order theTime required for completing one scan of all sub-observation bands for antenna beam, +.>The time required for single observation of the sub observation band, namely 1 burst, and M is the observation times. Then total simulation time->The method comprises the following steps:
，
let the imaging center time be 0 time of simulation, then the initial time of echo simulationThe method comprises the following steps:
，
the starting time of the mth observationThe method comprises the following steps:
，
end time of mth observationThe method comprises the following steps:
，
step four: calculating the inclined distance process between the simulation target and the satellite and the included angle of the antenna pattern according to the imaging geometric relation, adding a given system error parameter, and outputting echo signals of each channel.
Calculating the pitch history of the simulation target according to the track parameters and the observation time sequence diagram to obtain the phase value of the echo signal of the simulation target at each azimuth time sampling point;
calculating the two-dimensional receiving and transmitting antenna pattern included angle of the simulation target according to the track parameters and the observation time sequence diagram, and obtaining the amplitude value of the echo signal of the simulation target at each azimuth time sampling point according to the pattern included angle;
adding system error parameters including but not limited to attitude error, channel error and the like according to simulation requirements to obtain multi-channel echo signals of a simulation target。
Wherein the attitude errors are superimposed on three attitude angles of a satellite platform coordinate system, respectively being yaw angle errorsPitch angle error->Roll angle error->，/>For yaw angle>For pitch angle, < >>Is roll angle, in this case the rotation matrix from the satellite star coordinate system to the satellite platform coordinate system +.>The method can be written as follows:
，
the channel error here only considers the amplitude and phase errors introduced by the imbalance of the receive channel, and is superimposed directly on the echo signal during simulation:
。
wherein,echo of the ith channel when it is error-free,/and/or>For the amplitude error of the i-th channel,is the phase error of the i-th channel. exp () is an exponential function.
The non-uniformity of the antenna array surface is respectively overlapped on three coordinate axes of x, y and z of an antenna coordinate system.
For the nth receive phase center of the antenna, its coordinates in the antenna coordinate systemCan be expressed as:
，
wherein the x-axis is oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of flight,n is the number of azimuth multi-channels for the spacing between the antenna sub-receiving channels. />、/>、/>The position offset of the three axes of the SAR antenna phase center caused by on-orbit deformation is obtained.
Step five: and imaging the multichannel ScanSAR echo signals and carrying out azimuth stitching according to the geometric relationship to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result.
Firstly, carrying out azimuth multichannel reconstruction on the echo of each burst; then, imaging the reconstructed echo by adopting an extended linear frequency modulation scaling (Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS) algorithm; image retention for each burstAzimuth observation length of (2); carrying out azimuth stitching on M observation results, namely imaging results of M bursts to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result, wherein the total length is as follows: />。
Step six: and carrying out azimuth projection on the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain an energy distribution diagram with a false target.
Carrying out azimuth projection on the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain a one-dimensional energy distribution map with a false target, and measuring the peak amplitude of the simulated targetMeasuring the strongest peak amplitude of N-1 for false objects +.>Definitions->The energy ratio of the strongest false target to the real target is obtained according to the following formula:
，
the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The effectiveness of the technology of the invention is verified by combining the false target simulation result of a designed multi-channel satellite-borne SAR system in a certain direction and the attached drawing. The simulated orbit parameters are shown in table 1 (on-board SAR satellite orbit parameters), and the simulated radar parameters are shown in table 2 (radar operating parameters).
TABLE 1
，
TABLE 2
，
As shown in FIG. 2, a simulation target is set at the scene center of a swath, and the ground speed of a wave beam at the simulation target is calculated according to satellite orbit parameters and radar working parametersFor 6719.06m/s, obtain the azimuth chirp rate at the simulated target>Is-1618.04 Hz/s, whereby the azimuthal interval of the false target from the true target can be obtained +.>6.64km. The system has 8 channels, so that in order to simulate and obtain a complete false target distribution diagram, the length of a simulated azimuth observation band is required to be at least +.>. The system design parameters can know that the mapping length of a single burst azimuth direction is 25km, and the number of observation times M meeting the observation condition is 5 through symmetry calculation of false target distribution. The following error parameters are considered in simulation: the attitude error is set to 0.01 degrees, the inter-channel amplitude-phase error parameter is set to 1dB10 degrees, and the antenna array plane error parameter is set to 0.001mm. And (3) according to the simulation parameters, starting to simulate the point target echo to obtain 5 echoes of burst respectively. And respectively imaging the echoes of the 5 bursts, and then carrying out azimuth stitching to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result of a second graph, wherein the transverse direction is the azimuth direction, and the longitudinal direction is the distance direction. It can be seen that the simulated point targets are located in the center of the scene, i.e. within the 3 rd burst, and the false targets caused by various errors are evenly distributed around the point targets at equal azimuthal intervals. Projecting this two-dimensional imaging result into a one-dimensional orientation yields the result as in fig. 3. The distribution of the false targets can be clearly seen from the one-dimensional result, and the intensity of the strongest false target in the measurement graph is obtained to be-32.15 dB.
From the imaging results, the invention can be used for simulating and imaging the azimuth multichannel satellite-borne ScanSAR echo, and can quantitatively analyze false target intensity values caused by various errors, thereby proving the effectiveness of the invention.
The foregoing is merely a few examples of the present invention, and the present invention is applicable in other situations and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: determining the position of a simulation target according to the orbit parameters and the working parameters of the radar imaging center moment;
step two: determining the scanning times of the same sub-band according to the position relation between the false target and the real target;
step three: determining an observation time sequence diagram of the simulation target according to the system design parameters and the scanning times;
step four: calculating the inclined distance process of the simulation target and the satellite and the included angle of the two-dimensional receiving and transmitting antenna pattern according to the imaging geometric relation, adding a given system error parameter, and outputting ScanSAR echo signals of each channel;
step five: imaging the ScanSAR echo signals of the multiple channels and carrying out azimuth stitching according to the geometric relationship to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result;
step six: and carrying out azimuth projection on the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain an energy distribution diagram with a false target.
2. The simulation method of satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target according to claim 1, wherein in the first step:
the track parameters include at least: semi-long axis, eccentricity, track inclination angle, near-place amplitude angle, right ascent point and flat near-center angle;
the operating parameters include at least: the antenna is at a lower view angle, and the azimuth position and the distance position of a real target in a scene;
and obtaining the position of the simulation target under the ground fixed coordinate system according to the orbit parameters and the working parameters.
3. The simulation method of satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target according to claim 1, wherein the second step comprises:
obtaining the beam ground speed at the simulation target according to the imaging geometric relation；
Obtaining azimuth frequency modulation slope of simulation target according to imaging geometric relation；
Based on the determined beam ground speedDirectional frequency modulation slope->And pulse repetition period of radar->Calculating azimuth interval of false target and real target>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The azimuth interval->Multiplying the azimuth multichannel number N to obtain the total length of azimuth observation between the first-order azimuth ambiguity and the real target>；
，
，
Observing total length according to the obtained azimuthDividing by the azimuth swath length of a single subband>Obtaining the required observation times M for the same sub-band:
。
4. the method for simulating a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target according to claim 3, wherein said step three comprises:
starting time of mth observationThe method comprises the following steps:
，
end time of mth observationThe method comprises the following steps:
，
wherein,time required for completing one scan of all sub-observation bands for antenna beam, +.>The time required for single observation of the sub observation band is M is the observation times; then total simulation time->The method comprises the following steps: />；
Let the imaging center time be 0 time of simulation, then the initial time of echo simulationThe method comprises the following steps:。
5. the method for simulating a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR false target according to claim 4, wherein said step four comprises:
calculating the pitch histories of the simulation target and the satellite according to the orbit parameters and the observation time sequence diagram, and obtaining the phase value of the echo signal of the simulation target at each azimuth time sampling point;
calculating the two-dimensional receiving and transmitting antenna direction diagram included angle of the simulation target according to the track parameter and the observation time sequence diagram, and obtaining the amplitude value of the echo signal of the simulation target at each azimuth time sampling point according to the two-dimensional receiving and transmitting antenna direction diagram included angle of the simulation target;
adding system error parameters according to simulation requirements to obtain multi-channel echo signals of a simulation targetThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the t represents time;
wherein, the attitude errors are superimposed on three attitude angles of a satellite platform coordinate system, which are respectively yaw angle errorsPitch angle error->Roll angle error->；
The channel error only considers the amplitude-phase error caused by the imbalance of the receiving channel, and the amplitude-phase error is directly overlapped on the echo signal during simulation, so that the multi-channel echo signal of the simulation target is obtained；
Wherein,echo of the ith channel when it is error-free,/and/or>For the amplitude error of the ith channel, +.>For the phase error of the ith channel, exp () is an exponential function;
the non-uniformity of the antenna array surface is respectively overlapped on three coordinate axes of x, y and z of an antenna coordinate system.
6. The method for simulating a satellite-borne azimuth multi-channel ScanSAR false target according to claim 5, wherein said step five comprises:
carrying out multi-channel reconstruction on each observed echo to obtain a reconstructed echo;
imaging the reconstructed echo by adopting an extended linear frequency modulation scaling algorithm;
preserving azimuth swath length with individual subbands for each observation imaging resultEqual azimuth observation length;
and carrying out azimuth stitching on the imaging results observed for M times to obtain a two-dimensional imaging result.
7. The method for simulating a false target of a satellite-borne azimuth multichannel ScanSAR according to claim 6, wherein said step six comprises:
performing azimuth projection according to the two-dimensional imaging result to obtain a one-dimensional energy distribution map with false targets, and measuring peak amplitude of the real targetsMeasuring the strongest peak amplitude of N-1 for false objects +.>Definitions->The energy ratio of the strongest false target to the real target is calculated according to the following formula:
。
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