CN117572269B - SOC measuring and calculating method and method for displaying value thereof - Google Patents
SOC measuring and calculating method and method for displaying value thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of single-chip microcomputer, in particular to an SOC measuring and calculating method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring whether the accumulation number of the time from the last time reaching the limit of 0/100 reaches a Boolean value a of a threshold value in real time in the charging/discharging process, wherein the Boolean value a is 0 when the accumulation number reaches the threshold value; acquiring a Boolean value b of whether the current changes in unit time, wherein the Boolean value b is 0 when the current changes excessively; calculating an SOC Ah value by an ampere-hour integral algorithm/open circuit voltage method; based on the expression: SOC new＝[a+(1-b)*(1-a)]*SOCAh+(1-a)*(SOCv b+c) to obtain a real-time battery charge/discharge state; wherein SOC v is an open circuit voltage, and c is a correction coefficient. The invention has the characteristics of simplicity, low complexity, strong maintainability, high SOC measurement accuracy and the like. In addition, the invention also provides a method for displaying the SOC value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single-chip microcomputer, in particular to an SOC measuring and calculating method and a method for displaying the value of the SOC measuring and calculating method.
Background
The single chip microcomputer (Microcontroller) is an integrated circuit chip, which adopts ultra-large scale integrated circuit technology, integrates the functions of CPU, RAM, ROM, various I/O ports and interrupt systems, timer/counter and the like with data processing capability, and possibly also comprises a display driving circuit, a pulse width modulation circuit, an analog multiplexer, an A/D converter and the like, and forms a microcomputer system by integrating the circuits on a silicon chip. Common single-chip microcomputer manufacturers include STC macrocrystal, ti Texas instruments, STMicroelectronics ideas semiconductors and Microchip micro-cores, and common single-chip microcomputer models for production of the single-chip microcomputer manufacturers include STC8H3K64, MSP430 and STM32F103C8T6. The STC8H3K64 can achieve the same function with 40% cost compared with the other two, but due to the limitation of the 8051 kernel adopted, the clock frequency only supports 4 MHz-36 MHz (typical value 12 MHz), while STM32F103C8T6 supports 8 MHz-200 MHz (typical value 72 MHz).
SOC (State of Charge), i.e., the charge/discharge state of the Battery, is one of important indicators of a Battery Management System (BMS). Calculation of SOC belongs to the technical field of battery management systems, and a BMS is a device for monitoring and managing a battery, which is responsible for monitoring parameters of voltage, current, temperature, capacity, etc. of the battery, and evaluating the current state of the battery and predicting the remaining capacity according to the information. Among them, the calculation of SOC is one of the core functions of the BMS, and the purpose of the calculation of SOC is to accurately estimate the current charge/discharge state of the battery, i.e., the remaining capacity of the battery. The common SOC measurement methods mainly comprise two methods: 1. a method based on current integration. The capacity accumulation amount of the battery is calculated by integrating the current according to the current change during the charge and discharge of the battery. The method is easy to realize, but has lower accuracy and is influenced by factors such as depth of discharge, charge and discharge efficiency and the like. 2. Based on an open circuit voltage approach. The calculation is performed using the relationship between the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) of the battery and the SOC. This approach has better accuracy than the current integration based approach, but requires battery characteristic modeling and parameter calibration to obtain an accurate relationship between open circuit voltage and SOC. In addition, there is a kalman filtering method of estimating the SOC of the battery by measuring a terminal voltage and a load current of the battery in combination with a trend of variation of an internal resistance parameter based on a relationship between a variation of the internal resistance and the SOC during charge and discharge of the battery, and calculating the SOC by simultaneously using a battery model and measurement data, and updating a state estimation by a difference between a predicted value and an actual measured value of the model to obtain a more accurate SOC. However, due to voltage fluctuations caused by different charge/discharge currents, battery aging causes a loss of actual capacity, and all directly calculated SOCs cannot be made to be the same percentage. The ampere-hour integration method is accurate in measurement, but because the ampere-hour integration method has the characteristic of long-term memory, single errors are continuously reserved, and the accumulated errors have great influence, namely long-term dependence exists, and accumulated errors are easy to generate. The open circuit voltage method has no accumulated error, but the anti-interference capability is poor, voltage fluctuation generated by current can have great influence on the result, and when the SOC is 10-80%, the voltage change is smaller, so that sampling error of the voltage can have great influence on the calculation of the SOC.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an SOC measuring and calculating method which has the characteristics of simplicity, low complexity, strong maintainability, high SOC measuring and calculating accuracy and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
An SOC measurement method includes the steps of:
acquiring whether the accumulation number of the time from the last time reaching the limit of 0/100 reaches a Boolean value a of a threshold value in real time in the charging/discharging process, wherein the Boolean value a is 0 when the accumulation number reaches the threshold value;
acquiring a Boolean value b of whether the current changes in unit time, wherein the Boolean value b is 0 when the current changes excessively;
Calculating an SOC Ah value by an ampere-hour integral algorithm/open circuit voltage method;
Based on the expression: SOC new＝[a+(1-b)*(1-a)]*SOCAh+(1-a)*(SOCv b+c) to obtain a real-time battery state;
wherein SOC v is an open circuit voltage, and c is a correction coefficient.
Preferably, the SOC Ah is obtained from the expression SOC Ah＝SOClast+ Δsoc, where SOC last is the read SOC value and Δsoc is the amount of change in the SOC over the measurement time step.
Preferably, the calculation expression of Δsoc is:
wherein/> The current average value acquired in the time step is the rated capacity of the battery, deltaT is the time step, and d is the capacity loss coefficient of the battery cell.
Preferably, the saidThe calculation of (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating a current average value current average collected in unit time:
wherein/>
Judging whether the current value is more than 2 current average or less by comparisonIf yes, rejecting the current value;
The above two steps are cycled until more than 2 current average and less than The current average value obtained is/>Values.
Preferably, the calculation mode of the cell capacity loss coefficient d is as follows:
At initialization, d=1;
when the singlechip reads that overcharge protection occurs,
If 105.5-SOC new > 3, d=d-1,
D=d+1 if 105.5-SOC new < 1;
when the singlechip reads that the over-current protection occurs,
If 5+ soc new >3, d=d-1,
If 5- -SOC new < 1, d=d+1.
Preferably, the step "is based on the expression: SOCnew = [ a+ (1-b) ((1-a) ] ×) SOCAh + (1-a) (-SOCv × b+c) to obtain a real-time battery charge/discharge status ", further comprising the steps of:
The SOCnew value is displayed in real time.
Preferably, the step of acquiring, in real time, whether the accumulated number of times from the last time reaching the 0/100 limit reaches the boolean value a of the threshold value or not in the charging/discharging process, and before the boolean value a reaches the threshold value, the step of further includes the following steps:
(1) Initializing hardware;
(2) The Ci value is read, and the current value and the voltage value are acquired;
(3) Comparing and judging whether the Ci value is higher than a threshold value and whether the current has no fluctuation;
(4) If not, starting to execute the step of acquiring whether the accumulated number of the time reaching the limit of 0/100 last time reaches the Boolean value a of the threshold value in real time in the charging/discharging process, and displaying the SOC value in real time when the accumulated number reaches the threshold value and the Boolean value a is 0; otherwise, calculating the SOC by using an open circuit voltage method, and simultaneously resetting the Ci value and returning to the step (2) ";
(5) Comparing and judging whether the SOC value reaches a boundary value;
(6) If yes, ci=0 and returns to step "(2)", whereas ci=ci+1 and returns to step "(2)".
The invention has the following advantages: in the charging/discharging process, respectively acquiring a Boolean value a of whether the accumulated number reaches a threshold value in the charging/discharging time and a Boolean value b of whether the current changes in unit time, calculating an SOC Ah value by combining an open circuit voltage SOC v obtained by table lookup, a correction coefficient and an ampere-hour integration algorithm, and rapidly calculating a real-time SOC value based on an expression.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for displaying the SOC value calculated by the method, through adjusting the Pi margin of the actual SOC value, the anti-interference capability of the phenomenon that the SOC value is not full when the battery is full due to voltage change caused by temperature change, battery cell aging, high-rate charging current and other conditions can be improved within the range of energy storage of battery design, and the accuracy is better.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The method for displaying the SOC value comprises the SOC measured by the SOC test method and comprises the following steps:
Detecting and judging whether the SOC value is in the range of 0-100%, if so, displaying an actual SOC value;
when the SOC is less than 0, displaying the SOC value as 0;
When SOC > 100%, the SOC value is shown to be 100%.
Preferably, the actual value of the SOC ranges from-5 to 105.5%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an embodiment of a method for measuring and calculating SOC of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a method for measuring and calculating SOC of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a window display schematic diagram of a method for displaying SOC values according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the charging curve in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the discharge curve in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element.
Embodiment one:
please refer to fig. 1: the SOC measuring and calculating method of the embodiment is suitable for SOC measurement and calculation of a low-main-frequency singlechip, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, initializing hardware; specifically, the system is initialized at the beginning of the measurement.
S2, reading the Ci value, and acquiring a current value and a voltage value; specifically, the Ci value in the charging and discharging process is read in real time, and the voltage value and the current value in the charging and discharging process are respectively collected in real time. Where Ci is the capacity that the battery has when charged/discharged at a constant current i.
S3, comparing and judging whether the Ci value is higher than a threshold value and whether the current has no fluctuation.
S4, when the comparison judgment result in the step S3 is negative, acquiring a Boolean value a in the charging process in real time; specifically, the real-time boolean value a is a boolean value of whether the accumulated number of times from the last time the 0/100 limit was reached reaches a threshold, wherein the boolean value a is 0 when the threshold is reached, whereas the boolean value is 1.
S5, obtaining a Boolean value b in unit time; specifically, the boolean value b is a boolean value of whether the current has changed in a unit time, wherein the boolean value b is 0 when the change is excessive, and is otherwise 1.
S6, calculating an SOC Ah value through an ampere-hour integration algorithm; specifically, the SOC Ah＝SOClast +DeltaSOC, wherein the SOC last is a read SOC value, deltaSOC is the variation of the SOC in a measurement time step, The average value of the current collected in the time step is the rated capacity of the battery, deltaT is the time step, d is the capacity loss coefficient of the battery cell, andThe calculation mode of (a) is as follows: firstly, the current average value current average collected in unit time is obtained,Wherein/>Judging whether the current value is more than 2 current average or less than/>, by comparisonIf yes, eliminating the current value, and cycling the above two steps until more than 2 current average and less than/>The current average value obtained isValues. More specifically, the cell capacity loss coefficient d is calculated as follows:
At initialization, d=1;
when the singlechip reads that overcharge protection occurs,
If 105.5-SOC new > 3, d=d-1,
D=d+1 if 105.5-SOC new < 1;
when the singlechip reads that the over-current protection occurs,
If 5+ soc new >3, d=d-1,
If 5- -SOC new < 1, d=d+1.
S7, based on an expression: SOC new＝[a+(1-b)*(1-a)]*SOCAh+(1-a)*(SOCv b+c) obtains the real-time battery state of charge. Specifically, the SOC v is an open circuit voltage and c is a correction coefficient, where the SOC v is a value of the SOC obtained by matching the open circuit voltage through table lookup, and a truth table of the equation is:
| a | b | corresponding situation | SOC |
| 0 | 0 | Reaching the threshold value, the current changes too much | Improved ampere-hour integration method |
| 0 | 1 | Reaching the threshold value and stabilizing the current | Open circuit voltage method |
| 1 | / | Not reaching a threshold | Improved ampere-hour integration method |
And S8, displaying the value of the SOC new in real time. Specifically, the calculated SOC value is displayed on a window in real time, the displayed value is amplified to-5-105.5% according to the proportion of 0-100%, more specifically, when the SOC actual value is smaller than 0, 0% is displayed, when the SOC actual value is smaller than 0-100, the actual value is displayed, and when the SOC actual value is larger than 100, 100% is displayed. The discharge state measuring and calculating method is as above.
The SOC measuring and calculating method has the characteristics of simplicity, low complexity, high maintainability, high SOC measuring and calculating accuracy and the like.
Example 2:
The SOC measurement method of this embodiment 2 includes the following steps:
s01, initializing hardware; specifically, the system is initialized at the beginning of the measurement.
S02, reading the Ci value, and collecting the current value and the voltage value; specifically, the Ci value in the charging and discharging process is read in real time, and the voltage value and the current value in the charging and discharging process are respectively collected in real time.
S03, comparing and judging whether the Ci value is higher than a threshold value and whether the current has no fluctuation.
S04, when the comparison result of step S03 is yes, calculating the SOC using an open circuit voltage algorithm, and at the same time, ci=0. Specifically, SOC new＝SOCV +c at this time, where SOC v is an open circuit voltage and c is a correction coefficient. It should be noted that, by combining the truth table and the expression of the SOC new in the above embodiment, the SOC new＝SOCV +c may also be calculated according to the collected boolean value a, boolean value b and expression.
S05, the value of SOC is displayed and returns to step S02. Specifically, the calculated SOC value is displayed on a window in real time, the displayed value is amplified to-5-105.5% according to the proportion of 0-100%, more specifically, when the SOC actual value is smaller than 0, 0% is displayed, when the SOC actual value is smaller than 0-100, the actual value is displayed, and when the SOC actual value is larger than 100, 100% is displayed.
The SOC measuring and calculating method starts with ampere-hour integration, confidence is accumulated along with time, the threshold value is cleared, if the confidence is higher than a set value, an open-circuit voltage method is used for calibration, a model is not used, only the rated capacity value of a battery can be configured, and the dynamic calibration in the calculating process is completed by an algorithm, so that the accuracy is good and the efficiency is high. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, low complexity, strong maintainability, high SOC measurement accuracy and the like.
Example 3:
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, a method for displaying an SOC value according to the present embodiment includes the following steps: detecting and judging whether the SOC value is in the range of 0-100%, if so, displaying an actual SOC value, and when the SOC is less than 0, displaying the SOC value as 0; when SOC > 100%, the SOC value is shown to be 100%. Specifically, the range of the actual energy reserve of the battery is designed to be-5 to 105.5%, and the window shows 0% when the SOC value calculated by the above embodiment is less than 0 during the charge/discharge of the SOC, and shows 100% when the calculated SOC value is in the range of 0 to 100%, and shows the actual SOC value beyond 100%.
The design realizes that the electric quantity of the client terminal can be maintained for a period of time at 100% at first when discharging, then the electric quantity is linearly reduced, the requirement of a use scene on the electric quantity is met, the anti-interference capability of the influence of current generated at the moment of pulling and inserting when fully charging on the SOC is strong, the error phenomenon that the SOC value is not 100% when fully charging caused by instantaneous heavy current is eliminated, in addition, the phenomenon that the SOC value is not full due to the fact that the temperature change, the aging of a battery core, the high-rate charging/discharging current and the like are not full due to the fact that the voltage change is caused in the range of energy storage of the battery design can be improved through adjusting the rising margin of the actual SOC value, and in addition, the anti-interference capability of the phenomenon that the SOC value is not full when fully charging is equal to the fact that the display SOC is calibrated once every time when fully charging and discharging is full is the same, and the accuracy of client terminal display is ensured.
According to the method for displaying the SOC value, the rated capacity is adjusted according to the full charge and full discharge actual SOC and the preset difference value, and all the steps are carried out in the background and transparent to a user, so that the user can feel the battery condition more intuitively.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The SOC measuring and calculating method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring whether the accumulation number of the time from the last time reaching the limit of 0/100 reaches a Boolean value a of a threshold value in real time in the charging/discharging process, wherein the Boolean value a is 0 when the accumulation number reaches the threshold value;
acquiring a Boolean value b of whether the current changes in unit time, wherein the Boolean value b is 0 when the current changes excessively;
calculating an SOC Ah value through an ampere-hour integration algorithm;
Based on the expression: SOC new=[a+（1-b）*（1-a）]* SOCAh+（1-a）*（SOCv b+c) to obtain a real-time battery state;
The SOC v is a value of the SOC obtained by matching the open circuit voltage through a lookup table, and c is a correction coefficient.
2. The SOC measurement method of claim 1, wherein the SOC Ah is obtained from the expression SOC Ah=SOClast + [ delta ] SOC, wherein SOC last is a read SOC value and [ delta ] SOC is a variation of the SOC in a measurement time step.
3. The SOC measurement method of claim 2, wherein the calculation expression of Δsoc is: Δsoc=Wherein/>The current average value acquired in the time step is the rated capacity of the battery, deltaT is the time step, and d is the capacity loss coefficient of the battery cell.
4. The SOC measurement method of claim 1, wherein the step "is based on the expression: SOC new=[a+（1-b）*（1-a）]* SOCAh+（1-a）*（SOCv ×b+c) further includes the steps of:
the value of the SOC new is displayed in real time.
5. The SOC measurement method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of acquiring in real time whether the number of times accumulated since the last time the time reached the 0/100 limit reached the threshold boolean value a during the charge/discharge process reaches the threshold value, before the boolean value a is 0", further comprises the steps of:
(1) Initializing hardware;
(2) Reading a C i value, and collecting a current value and a voltage value; wherein C i is the capacity of the battery when charged/discharged at a constant current i;
(3) Comparing and judging whether the value of C i is higher than a threshold value and whether the current has no fluctuation;
(4) If not, starting to execute the step of acquiring whether the accumulated number of the time reaching the limit of 0/100 last time reaches the Boolean value a of the threshold value in real time in the charging/discharging process, and displaying the SOC value in real time when the accumulated number reaches the threshold value and the Boolean value a is 0; otherwise, calculating the SOC by using an open circuit voltage method, and simultaneously resetting the C i value and returning to the step (2) ";
(5) Comparing and judging whether the SOC value reaches a boundary value;
(6) If yes, then C i =0 and returns to step "(2)", whereas C i=Ci +1 and returns to step "(2)".
6. A method of displaying an SOC value, comprising the SOC measured by the SOC test method of claim 1, and comprising the steps of:
Detecting and judging whether the SOC value is within the range of 0-100%, if so, displaying an actual SOC value;
when the SOC is less than 0, displaying the SOC value as 0;
when SOC > 100%, the SOC value is shown to be 100%.
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