CN117568662A - Cobalt-based alloy sand, preparation method and method for optimizing surface of damaged area - Google Patents
Cobalt-based alloy sand, preparation method and method for optimizing surface of damaged area Download PDFInfo
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- CN117568662A CN117568662A CN202311406079.3A CN202311406079A CN117568662A CN 117568662 A CN117568662 A CN 117568662A CN 202311406079 A CN202311406079 A CN 202311406079A CN 117568662 A CN117568662 A CN 117568662A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000713 I alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000979 O alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses cobalt-based alloy sand, a method for preparing and optimizing the surface of a damaged area, and relates to the field of alloy repair, wherein the cobalt-based alloy sand comprises Cr, N i, mo, T i, ta, B and Y, and the rest is Co or/and unavoidable impurity elements; the method for optimizing the surface of the damaged area mainly adopts a mode of carrying out sand blasting on the surface of the damaged area twice. The invention can carry out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the damaged area to achieve the purpose of surface modification of the damaged area, thereby inhibiting the aggregation of brittle eutectic phases rich in Si and B on the interface in the powder metallurgy process and improving the interface bonding strength of the repaired joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cobalt-based superalloy thermal component repair, in particular to cobalt-based alloy sand, a method for preparing and optimizing the surface of a damaged area.
Background
Above 1000 ℃, the cobalt-based superalloy has more excellent high temperature performance (hot corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, lower thermal expansion coefficient, long service life and excellent thermal fatigue performance) than nickel-based superalloy, and is very suitable for manufacturing high temperature components such as turbine blades, burner nozzles and the like of aeroengines, industrial gas turbines and ship gas turbines. Structural integrity failure (ablation, meat reduction, cracking) of such high temperature components can occur due to prolonged service in ultra-high temperature environments or extremely complex stress conditions. The operation and maintenance cost of the unit can be greatly reduced by repairing the service damaged part of the component by a reasonable and effective method.
For cobalt-based superalloy hot parts with complex shapes and multi-thin-wall structures (such as turbine blades), when defects are repaired by adopting fusion welding, thin walls are extremely easy to melt through, so that an inner flow passage is blocked, and therefore, the repair is usually carried out by adopting a powder metallurgy mode. The repairing process has the advantages of high repairing efficiency, simple process, low repairing cost and the like. The repair material used is formed by compounding low-melting-point alloy powder (i.e. an activating agent) and high-melting-point alloy powder (i.e. a solidifying agent). At high temperature, the activator melts to form a liquid phase, wets and fills the gap between the substrate and the curing agent, and then isothermally solidifies to form a metallurgical bond joint. The activator usually contains high concentration active elements (such as silicon, boron and the like) to achieve the aim of reducing the melting point of the alloy, such as commercial trademarks AMDRY788 (Co-21 NI-22 Cr-14W-2 Si-2B), AMS4783 (Co-17N i-19Cr-4W-8S i-0.8B) and the like.
However, when repairing a damaged region of a workpiece by using a powder metallurgy material with silicon and boron as melting point inhibitors, a large amount of brittle eutectic phases rich in Si and B are often generated at the interface between the substrate and the repaired region, resulting in low bonding strength of the interface. The reason is mainly that the base material and the spherical curing agent powder are in point contact, the gap is larger, and the aggregation of the excessive liquid phase is easier to cause; and the specific surface area of the interface of the repair area is small, which is not beneficial to the diffusion of active elements. The two factors overlap resulting in the formation of a brittle eutectic phase rich in Si, rich in B.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the method for preparing and optimizing the surface of the damaged area by using the cobalt-based alloy sand is provided, and the surface of the damaged area is subjected to sand blasting treatment to achieve the purpose of surface modification of the damaged area, so that the aggregation of brittle eutectic phases rich in Si and B on the interface in the powder metallurgy process is inhibited, and the interface bonding strength of the repaired joint is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the cobalt-based alloy sand comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
cr (22.1% -27.3%), N i (4.1% -8.9%), mo (8.7% -13.5%), T i (6.1% -9.3%), ta (0% -1.8%), B (1.4% -2.2%), Y (0.005% -0.01%), and the rest being Co or/and unavoidable impurity elements.
Considering that sand inclusion is generated on the surface of a substrate in sand blasting treatment, the component selection principle of the cobalt-based alloy sand is based on the following consideration in order to ensure that the sand inclusion achieves the effect of not damaging the performance of the substrate:
22.1 to 27.3 weight percent of Cr is added to ensure that the in-situ sand inclusion area has excellent oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance.
N i was added at 4.1wt% to 8.9wt% to stabilize the face centered cubic matrix of the in situ sandwiches.
8.7 to 13.5 weight percent of Mo is added, so that on one hand, the hardness of the cobalt-base alloy sand is improved; on the other hand, the B element in the in-situ sand inclusion area and the activator are stabilized.
The addition of T i accounting for 8.1 to 12.3 weight percent can not only inhibit the melting point of the cobalt-based alloy sand of the invention with weak effect, but also stabilize the element B in the in-situ sand inclusion area and the activator;
ta with the weight percent of 0-1.8 percent is added, so that the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved on the in-situ sand inclusion area;
and 1.4 to 2.2 weight percent of B is added, so that the melting point of the cobalt-based alloy sand is further inhibited with a strong effect.
And 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of Y is added, so that the effects of desulfurization and deoxidation are mainly achieved, and the harmful effects of oxygen and sulfur on the connecting interface of the in-situ sand inclusion area are reduced.
Further, the cobalt-based alloy sand has at least two specifications, wherein the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of one specification is 60-100 mesh, and the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of the other specification is 200-280 mesh.
Further, the melting temperature of the cobalt-base alloy sand is controlled to 1150-1180 ℃, and when the powder metallurgy sintering process is carried out in a damaged area, the cobalt-base alloy sand is ensured to be melted at the temperature of the powder metallurgy sintering process, and the condition that the performance of a connecting surface is reduced due to sand inclusion on the surface is avoided.
A method for preparing the cobalt-based alloy sand, comprising the following steps:
a: preparing materials, namely preparing simple substance metals or intermediate alloys with related elements according to element proportions;
b: smelting, namely smelting the simple substance metal or intermediate alloy prepared in the step A in a vacuum environment to form an alloy ingot;
c: crushing, namely crushing the alloy ingot obtained in the step B;
d: screening to obtain cobalt-base alloy sand with particle size of 60-100 mesh and 200-280 mesh.
A method for optimizing the surface of a damaged area, applying the cobalt-based alloy sand, comprising the following steps:
s1: the preparation method is used for preparing cobalt-base alloy sand with the particle size of 60-100 meshes and 200-280 meshes;
s2: polishing and cleaning, namely polishing and cleaning the surface of a damaged area of the cobalt-based superalloy hot end component;
s3: performing primary sand blasting on a damaged area, wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 60-100 meshes; the primary purpose of the first sand blasting is to coarsen the surface of the base material, refine the crystal grains on the surface layer of the base material and modify the surface structure of the base material;
s4: performing secondary sand blasting on the damaged area subjected to the primary sand blasting in the step S3, wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 200-280 meshes; the main purpose of the second sand blasting is to coarsen the surface of the bullet pit after the first sand blasting and remove the large-particle sand inclusion remained on the surface of the substrate after the first sand blasting.
Further, the substrate of the cobalt-based superalloy hot-end component in step S2 is any one or more of FSX414, X40, X45, mar-M509, mar-M332, HS25, HS27, and AR 213.
Further, in step S3, the blasting gun head for the first blasting is perpendicular to the surface to be blasted, and the blasting pressure is 0.3MPa to 0.7MPa.
Further, in step S4, an included angle of 30-50 degrees is formed between the sandblasting gun head and the surface to be sprayed for the second sandblasting, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
Further, after the first blasting and the second blasting, the pit coverage of the blasted surface needs to be 100%.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the cobalt-based alloy sand (sand blasting material) is simple to prepare, can be prepared by conventional vacuum smelting and mechanical crushing of alloy ingots, is not easy to oxidize at normal temperature, has high hardness, can be stored, and can be suitable for most sand blasting machine types.
2. Compared with the traditional sand blasting material (the common traditional sand blasting material comprises quartz sand, iron sand, silicon carbide and the like), the cobalt-base alloy sand provided by the invention is used as the sand blasting material, after the surface of a damaged area is subjected to sand blasting treatment by the cobalt-base alloy sand, the sand inclusion on the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) can be melted at the powder metallurgy sintering process temperature, and the performance of a connecting surface is not reduced due to the sand inclusion on the surface.
3. After the surface of the damaged area is subjected to sand blasting treatment by the cobalt-based alloy sand provided by the invention, the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) is roughened due to the formation of a pit, the specific surface area is increased, the two-dimensional connection boundary length is prolonged, and the area of the metallurgical bonding surface of the shapeable remolded area (the area of the damaged area after powder metallurgy repair) and the substrate is obviously increased; and the large specific surface area effectively increases the diffusion sites of active elements silicon and boron to the substrate, and is favorable for inhibiting the diffusion of element elements to the matrix by the melting point, thereby effectively inhibiting the generation of eutectic phases at the interface.
4. After the surface of the damaged area is subjected to sand blasting treatment by the cobalt-based alloy sand provided by the invention, the pits formed on the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) are very beneficial to occupying the spherical curing agent powder, so that the diffusion distance of the melting point inhibition element is shortened, the generation of eutectic phases at the interface is effectively avoided, the gap size between the curing agent powder at the interface and the interface of a substrate can be reduced, the aggregation of liquid phases generated after the activator is melted is avoided, and the brittle compound is prevented from continuously precipitating in a sheet form at the interface.
5. After the surface of the damaged area is subjected to sand blasting treatment by the cobalt-based alloy sand provided by the invention, surface crystal grains on the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) are thinned, a large number of generated crystal boundaries promote the inside of the crystal grains to generate a large number of high-density dislocation, stacking fault, twin crystal and other microstructure structures, the generated crystal boundaries and crystal defects can be used as rapid channels for the diffusion of melting point inhibition elements, the diffusion of active elements silicon and boron to a substrate in the powder metallurgy repairing process is accelerated, the isothermal solidification of liquid phases on an interface is promoted, and the generation of brittle eutectic phases is inhibited.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the morphology of cobalt-based alloy sand disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a surface morphology of a repair area of a test example in example 3;
FIG. 3 is an interface morphology of the repair field of the test example in example 3;
FIG. 4 is an interface morphology of the repair area of the comparative example in example 3.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the cobalt-based alloy sand comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
cr (22.1% -27.3%), ni (4.1% -8.9%), mo (8.7% -13.5%), ti (6.1% -9.3%), ta (0% -1.8%), B (1.4% -2.2%), Y (0.005% -0.01%), and the rest is Co or/and unavoidable impurity elements.
In this embodiment, the cobalt-based alloy sand has two specifications, wherein the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of one specification is 60 mesh to 100 mesh, and wherein the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of the other specification is 200 mesh to 280 mesh.
In this example, in order to further clearly illustrate and describe the technical solution of the present invention, the following non-limiting embodiment is provided, and the following element content data are all mass percent data, and are shown in table 1 in detail.
Table 1 embodiment of cobalt-based alloy sand
| Element/brand | DFS-A | DFS-O | DFS-D | DFS-I |
| Co | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. |
| Cr | 25.1 | 22.1 | 24.6 | 27.3 |
| Ni | 8.3 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 8.9 |
| Mo | 10.5 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 11.5 |
| Ti | 7.7 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 6.1 |
| Ta | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 1.0 |
| B | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Y | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Melting point | 1161℃ | 1150℃ | 1167℃ | 1173℃ |
As can be seen from the melting points of the DFS-A alloy sand, the DFS-O alloy sand, the DFS-D alloy sand and the DFS-I alloy sand in the table 1, the melting temperature of the cobalt-based alloy sand is controlled to 1150-1173 ℃, and when the powder metallurgy sintering process is carried out in se:Sup>A damaged arese:Sup>A, the cobalt-based alloy sand can be melted at the temperature of the powder metallurgy sintering repair process in the damaged arese:Sup>A of the cobalt-based superalloy, so that the condition that the performance of se:Sup>A connecting surface is reduced due to sand inclusion on the surface is avoided.
Example 2
se:Sup>A production method for producing the cobalt-based alloy sand of example 1, taking the DFS-se:Sup>A alloy sand of example 1 as an example, comprising the steps of:
a: preparing a simple substance metal or intermediate alloy of Co, cr, ni, mo, ti, ta, B and Y with the purity of 99.99 percent, preferably simple substance metal, according to the element proportion, and reducing the introduction of impurities as much as possible.
B: smelting, namely placing the substances prepared in the step A in a vacuum environment for smelting to form an alloy ingot; wherein, the vacuum environment is provided by a vacuum arc melting furnace, and the melting is carried out in a high-purity Ar protective atmosphere, after all metals are fully liquefied after the melting, the power is cut off, the liquid phase is solidified, and the actions are repeated for 8 times, thus obtaining the alloy ingot with uniform components and fully mixed.
C: crushing, namely mechanically crushing the alloy ingot obtained in the step B through an alloy crusher.
D: screening to obtain cobalt-base alloy sand with particle size of 60-100 mesh and 200-280 mesh.
In this embodiment, the cobalt-based alloy sand (sandblasting material) may be prepared by conventional vacuum melting of alloy ingots and mechanical crushing of alloy ingots, is not easily oxidized at normal temperature, has high hardness, can be stored for standby, and is applicable to most sandblasting machine types.
Example 3
se:Sup>A method for optimizing the surface of se:Sup>A damaged arese:Sup>A, which uses the cobalt-based alloy sand provided in any one of the embodiments in example 1, and uses the DFS-se:Sup>A alloy sand in example 1 as an example, and uses any one or more of FSX414, X40, X45, mar-M509, mar-M332, HS25, HS27 and AR213 as se:Sup>A substrate, and uses the FSX414 cobalt-based superalloy as an example; wherein, the nominal chemical components of the FSX414 cobalt-based superalloy are as follows:
Co-29wt％Cr-10wt％Ni-7.5wt％W-1wt％Fe-0.25wt％C-0.01wt％B，
can be used for manufacturing the guide vane of the high-power gas turbine.
A method of optimizing the surface of a lesion field comprising the steps of:
s1: the preparation method is applied to the preparation method described in the example 2, and cobalt-base alloy sand with the particle size of 60-100 meshes and 200-280 meshes is prepared.
S2: polishing and cleaning, namely polishing and cleaning the surface of a damaged area (an area to be repaired) of the base material; wherein, the polishing mode can be mechanical polishing to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the damaged area; the cleaning can be carried out by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol, so that organic matters attached to a damaged area of a base material can be completely dissolved, and the cleaning agent is easy to volatilize during drying, does not have residues, and effectively avoids the influence of organic matters or other impurities on the repairing quality of a repairing area; and drying for standby after cleaning.
S3: performing primary sand blasting on a damaged area, wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 60-100 meshes; the sand blasting gun head is vertical to the sprayed surface, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3MPa-0.7MPa, preferably 0.6MPa, and the pit coverage rate of the sprayed surface is 100%.
S4: performing secondary sand blasting on the damaged area subjected to the primary sand blasting in the step S3, wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 200-280 meshes; the included angle between the sandblasting gun head and the sprayed surface is 30-50 degrees, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, preferably 0.3MPa, and the blast pit coverage rate of the sprayed surface is 100%.
In this example, as shown in FIG. 2, the surface morphology of the damaged area of the FSX414 cobalt-based superalloy substrate after the second blasting has a roughness of 2.9 μm and a surface area within 1cm×1cm unit size of 1.3cm 2 。
It can be seen that the primary purpose of the first sand blasting is to coarsen the surface of the damaged area of the substrate, refine the surface grains of the damaged area of the substrate and modify the surface texture; the main purpose of the second sand blasting is to coarsen the surface of the bullet pit after the first sand blasting and remove large-particle sand inclusion remained on the surface after the first sand blasting; after the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) is subjected to sand blasting twice, the surface is roughened, the specific surface area is greatly increased, and the diffusion sites of active elements silicon and boron to the substrate are obviously increased.
Further, a set of test examples are provided, and a commercial brand activator AMDRY788 (Co-21 Ni-22 Cr-14W-2 Si-2B) is used for carrying out powder metallurgy repair on the damaged area of the FSX414 cobalt-based superalloy substrate subjected to the secondary sand blasting treatment. After the repair is completed, the section of the repair region (the region after the repair of the damaged region) is observed by microscopic structure, and as shown in fig. 3, brittle intermetallic compounds rich in S i and rich in B are not found at the interface. And (3) carrying out tensile property test on the repair area at 870 ℃ under the condition that the yield strength is 315MPa and the tensile strength is 338MPa.
In the embodiment, a group of control examples are provided, namely, after the surface of the FSX414 nickel-based superalloy is polished and cleaned, powder metallurgy repair is directly carried out by using a commercial brand activator AMDRY788, and the repair process is consistent with the test examples; after the powder metallurgy repair is completed, observing the microstructure of the section of the repair area, and separating out large-area Si-rich and B-rich brittle intermetallic compounds along the interface as shown in FIG. 4; carrying out tensile property test on the repair area in a high-temperature environment of 870 ℃, wherein the yield strength is not measured, and brittle fracture occurs in the sample; the tensile strength was 281MPa, which is significantly lower than that obtained in the test example in example 3.
In summary, after the surface of the damaged area is subjected to the sand blasting treatment by the cobalt-based alloy sand provided by the invention, the pits formed on the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) are very beneficial to occupying the space of spherical curing agent powder, so that the gap size between the curing agent powder on the interface and the interface of the substrate can be reduced, and the aggregation of liquid phase generated after the melting of the activating agent is avoided; the surface layer crystal grains on the surface of the damaged area (the area to be repaired) are thinned, a large number of generated crystal boundaries can serve as quick channels, the diffusion of active elements silicon and boron to the base material is accelerated, and the generation of brittle eutectic phases is restrained.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. A cobalt-based alloy sand characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
cr (22.1% -27.3%), ni (4.1% -8.9%), mo (8.7% -13.5%), ti (6.1% -9.3%), ta (0% -1.8%), B (1.4% -2.2%), Y (0.005% -0.01%), and the rest is Co or/and unavoidable impurity elements.
2. The cobalt-based alloy sand according to claim 1, wherein: the cobalt-based alloy sand has at least two specifications, wherein the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of one specification is 60-100 meshes, and the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy sand of the other specification is 200-280 meshes.
3. The cobalt-based alloy sand according to claim 1, wherein: the melting temperature of the cobalt-base alloy sand is controlled to 1150-1180 ℃.
4. A method for producing the cobalt-based alloy sand according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a: preparing materials, namely preparing simple substance metals or intermediate alloys with related elements according to element proportions;
b: smelting, namely smelting the simple substance metal or intermediate alloy prepared in the step A in a vacuum environment to form an alloy ingot;
c: crushing, namely crushing the alloy ingot obtained in the step B;
d: screening to obtain cobalt-base alloy sand with particle size of 60-100 mesh and 200-280 mesh.
5. A method of optimizing the surface of a damaged area using the cobalt-based alloy sand according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation, using the preparation method of claim 4, preparing cobalt-base alloy sand with particle size of 60-100 mesh and 200-280 mesh;
s2: polishing and cleaning, namely polishing and cleaning the surface of a damaged area of the cobalt-based superalloy substrate;
s3: performing primary sand blasting on a damaged area, wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 60-100 meshes;
s4: and (3) performing secondary sand blasting on the damaged area subjected to the primary sand blasting in the step (S3), wherein the sand grains are cobalt-based alloy sand with the particle size of 200-280 meshes.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: the cobalt-based superalloy substrate in step S2 is any one or more of FSX414, X40, X45, mar-M509, mar-M332, HS25, HS27, and AR 213.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S3, the sand blasting gun head for the first sand blasting is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the sand blasting pressure is 0.3MPa-0.7MPa.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S4, an included angle of 30-50 degrees is formed between the sandblasting gun head and the surface to be sprayed for the second sandblasting, and the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
9. A method according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that: after the first sand blasting and the second sand blasting, the pit coverage of the sprayed surface needs to reach 100%.
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