CN117554912A - Target detection method based on distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function under sheath influence - Google Patents

Target detection method based on distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function under sheath influence Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117554912A
CN117554912A CN202311372014.1A CN202311372014A CN117554912A CN 117554912 A CN117554912 A CN 117554912A CN 202311372014 A CN202311372014 A CN 202311372014A CN 117554912 A CN117554912 A CN 117554912A
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target
sheath
doppler
echo
signal
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麻歆婕
邓振淼
吴刚
柴国文
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Chinese People's Liberation Army 63612 Unit
Sun Yat Sen University
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Chinese People's Liberation Army 63612 Unit
Sun Yat Sen University
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Priority to CN202311372014.1A priority Critical patent/CN117554912A/en
Publication of CN117554912A publication Critical patent/CN117554912A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
    • G01S13/723—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar by using numerical data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
    • G01S13/723—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar by using numerical data
    • G01S13/726—Multiple target tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/282—Transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G01S7/295—Means for transforming co-ordinates or for evaluating data, e.g. using computers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of radars, in particular to a target detection method and system under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function. Which comprises the following steps: screening a plurality of scattering points of the target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks; transmitting radar signals by adopting Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals, and establishing an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points; and analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath. The method comprises the steps of performing a two-dimensional fuzzy function on echo signals, and analyzing a radar echo distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram; general targets such as sheath targets and real targets are distinguished through the characteristics of the fuzzy function diagram, and therefore the steady recognition and tracking of the targets are achieved.

Description

Target detection method based on distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function under sheath influence
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radars, in particular to a target detection method and system based on a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function under the influence of a sheath.
Background
When a radar detection target passes through the earth atmosphere at a high speed, molecules or atoms in the atmosphere are ionized due to collision among the molecules in the atmosphere, the ionization degree is rapidly increased along with the increase of the temperature, and a thermal ionization effect occurs. Molecules and atoms after thermal ionization will cover the surface of the target, forming a high temperature plasma layer, also known as a plasma sheath, surrounding the target aircraft.
In the detection process of the radar on the target, the plasma sheath not only can cause the target echo to be influenced by electromagnetic interference, but also can reflect the signal emitted by the radar, and increase the signal component in the target echo, so that signals containing abundant Doppler frequency components appear in the radar echo. The Doppler component generated by the plasma sheath is complex and its absolute value is less than the Doppler of the target. Because the linear frequency modulation signal has a distance-Doppler coupling effect during pulse compression, a sheath-polluted radar echo signal has a sheath target phenomenon in a radar one-dimensional Doppler spectrogram, and the detection of the radar on the target is seriously influenced. Because of the time-varying distance difference between the sheath target and the real target, and the sheath target is often distributed in a plurality of distance units within a certain distance range, sometimes the spectrum peak of the sheath target is larger than that of the real target, which causes the problems of greater difficulty in identifying the radar target, unstable target tracking, poor tracking precision and even loop unlocking.
In a radar one-dimensional Doppler spectrogram, the positions of the reflected echo spectrums of a real target and a sheath target are different, and besides a spectrum peak corresponding to the reflected echo of the real target, the spectrum of the reflected echo of the sheath target exists. When a companion target exists around a real target, the echo signal received by the radar can also face the interference of the sheath target frequency spectrum after the pulse compression processing. The real target is difficult to distinguish from the sheath target only from the signal spectrum after the pulse compression processing, and the condition of inaccurate radar target identification is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a target detection method and a target detection system under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function, wherein a radar emission signal is an LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation ) signal, an echo signal is received, a two-dimensional fuzzy function is performed on the echo, and a radar echo distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram is analyzed; general targets such as sheath targets and real targets are distinguished through the characteristics of the fuzzy function diagram, and therefore the steady recognition and tracking of the targets are achieved.
The target detection method adopts the following technical scheme: a method for detecting a target under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-doppler two-dimensional blur function, comprising the steps of:
step one, screening a plurality of scattering points of a target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks;
step two, transmitting radar signals by adopting linear frequency modulation LFM signals, and establishing an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points;
and thirdly, analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
The target detection system adopts the following technical scheme: a target detection system under the influence of a sheath based on a range-doppler two-dimensional blur function, comprising the following modules:
the scattering point screening module is used for screening a plurality of scattering points of the target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks;
the echo model construction module adopts linear frequency modulation LFM signals to transmit radar signals, and establishes an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points;
and the detection module is used for analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
in the process of target detection, the radar adopts a linear frequency modulation LFM signal as a detection waveform, and transmits a series of signal pulses; performing a two-dimensional fuzzy function on the signal echo, and analyzing a radar echo distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram; by means of the characteristic of the fuzzy function diagram, the sheath target and the general target (such as a real target and a accompanying target) are distinguished, and therefore the steady recognition and tracking of the target are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plasma sheath of a radar detection target in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a target detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between carrier frequency and fm slope in an embodiment of the invention, wherein (a) is an upfm signal diagram and (b) is a downfm signal diagram;
FIG. 4 is a fuzzy function diagram of LFM signals in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a range-Doppler two-dimensional blur function of a real target and a companion target in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a range-doppler two-dimensional blur function of a real target and a sheath target in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a target detection method under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function, and before describing the specific implementation steps of the embodiment, the forming principle of a plasma sheath is introduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the radar detects a target by using electromagnetic waves, emits electromagnetic waves to the target to be detected and receives echoes thereof, thereby obtaining information such as distance, speed, azimuth and altitude from the target to an electromagnetic wave emission point of the radar. When a radar detection target passes through the earth atmosphere at a high speed, molecules or atoms in the atmosphere are ionized due to collision among the molecules in the atmosphere, the ionization degree is rapidly increased along with the increase of the temperature, and a thermal ionization effect occurs. Molecules and atoms after thermal ionization will cover the surface of the target, forming a high temperature plasma layer, also known as a plasma sheath, surrounding the target aircraft. The plasma sheath formed on the surface of the high-speed reentry vehicle returns to the atmosphere to have non-negligible influence on communication, flight control and tracking of the vehicle, so that the radar cannot normally detect the target. Throughout the radar detection re-entry of the target, the target surface is covered with a plasma sheath over a range of heights of the atmosphere. Thus, in the case of a coupling effect between the fluid and the rigid body, the object to be detected presents complex echogenic points on the sheath layer in addition to the main object itself. As shown in fig. 1, the middle gray portion represents the reentrant main target (i.e., the real target, also called the target body) itself, and the black dots thereon represent scattering points at different locations on the sheath of the surface of the reentrant main target. A plasma is generated at these scattering points and flows toward the tail of the target, forming a plasma sheath. When the reentrant main target moves to a certain height, the plasma sheath layer formed on the surface of the target is close to a stable state.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for detecting a target under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-doppler two-dimensional blur function provided in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step one, screening a plurality of scattering points of a target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks.
In the whole process of detecting the target by adopting the embodiment, when the target passes through a certain height range of the atmosphere layer, the surface of the target can be covered with a layer of plasma sheath. As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment uses black dots to mark scattering points at different positions on a plasma sheath (hereinafter referred to as a sheath target) on the surface of a target body (hereinafter referred to as a real target). A plasma is generated at these scattering points and flows toward the tail of the target, forming a plasma sheath. When the target moves to a certain height, the plasma sheath layer formed on the surface of the target is close to a stable state.
In this embodiment, on the screened scattering points, a plasma with scattering intensity greater than a preset threshold value flowing toward the tail of the target is generated. The preset threshold value can be specifically set according to actual application conditions.
And secondly, transmitting radar signals by adopting linear frequency modulation LFM signals, and establishing an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to the screened scattering points.
The radar-transmitted LFM signal can be expressed as:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency of LFM signals, f d For doppler frequency, k=b/T is the frequency modulation slope, B is the bandwidth, T is the pulse period; rect (T/T) is a rectangular signal:
the relationship between carrier frequency and modulation slope is shown in FIG. 3, wherein sub-graph (a) is an up-modulated LFM signal, sub-graph (b) is a down-modulated LFM signal, and f 0 Is the center frequency.
The echo signal received by the radar can be expressed as:
wherein τ i The time delay of echo signals of different scattering points received by the radar antenna is represented, i represents the different scattering points on the screened main target and the plasma sheath, and k represents the frequency modulation slope.
The fuzzy function of the LFM signal can be expressed as:
also, there are:
wherein τ 0 Representing the pulse width. A fuzzy function diagram of the LFM signal is shown in fig. 4.
And thirdly, analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing general targets such as a sheath target and a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
The echo signal received by the radar expands echoes reflected by general targets such as a real target, a accompanying target and the like, and also comprises echoes reflected by a sheath target. The step analyzes the distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal, so as to distinguish general targets such as a sheath target, a real target, a accompanying target and the like.
Let t be 0 The real target is at a distance R from the radar at the moment 0 A location at which to locate. R is R 0 There are sheath target scattering points in the vicinity due to the presence of the plasma sheath, the distance between these scattering points and the radar being approximately R 0 But their speeds are different from the speeds of the real targets. And is also provided with a distance R from the radar 0 There is a reference target and the target is stationary, i.e. its speed is zero. From the Doppler frequency calculation formula, it is trueThe Doppler frequency between the real target and the reference target is:
wherein v is 0 Is the speed of the real target.
In an actual target recognition scenario, the spectrum of the sheath target reflected echo may be denser and of greater amplitude, resulting in the radar failing to distinguish between the actual target and the sheath target in the echo signal. In the embodiment, a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram is made on the radar received echo, and the characteristics of the radar received echo are analyzed. The range-doppler two-dimensional blur function diagram of a real target and a companion target (i.e., a general target) is shown in fig. 5, from which it can be known that the range-doppler blur function diagram of a real target and a group of companion targets at a takeoff time is in a number of independent spike-like random distributions.
The range-doppler two-dimensional blur function of the real target and the sheath target is shown in fig. 6; as can be seen from the figure, the distance-doppler two-dimensional blur function graph of the sheath target is in a "sheath ridge" like distribution, i.e. the plurality of peaks in the blur function graph are regularly arranged, e.g. regularly arranged in a row.
In an actual radar target detection scene, if the distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph of the echo signal is in spike-like independent distribution, judging the echo signal as a real target; if the distance-Doppler two-dimensional ambiguity function diagram of the echo signal is distributed in a sheath ridge shape, the sheath target is judged. And the sheath target and the real target are distinguished by analyzing the echo distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph characteristics of the target, so that the steady recognition and tracking of the target are realized.
Example 2
The embodiment and embodiment 1 are based on the same inventive concept, and provide an object detection system under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-doppler two-dimensional blur function, which specifically includes the following modules:
the scattering point screening module is used for screening a plurality of scattering points of the target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks;
the echo model construction module adopts linear frequency modulation LFM signals to transmit radar signals, and establishes an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points;
and the detection module is used for analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
In this embodiment, the radar-transmitted LFM signal is expressed as:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency of LFM signals, f d For doppler frequency, k=b/T is the frequency modulation slope, B is the bandwidth, T is the pulse period; rect (T/T) is a rectangular signal.
The echo signal received by the radar is expressed as:
wherein τ i Representing the time delays of echo signals received by the radar antenna at different scattering points, i representing the different scattering points being screened.
In an actual radar target detection scene, the process of distinguishing the sheath target from the real target by the detection module comprises the following steps: if the distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph of the echo signal is in spike-like random independent distribution, judging that the echo signal is a real target; if a plurality of peaks in the range-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal are regularly arranged, the sheath target is judged. And the sheath target and the real target are distinguished by analyzing the echo distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph characteristics of the target, so that the steady recognition and tracking of the target are realized.
The modules in this embodiment are respectively used to implement the corresponding steps in embodiment 1, and the detailed implementation process of the modules is described in embodiment 1 and is not repeated.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for detecting a target under the influence of a sheath based on a distance-doppler two-dimensional blur function, comprising the steps of:
step one, screening a plurality of scattering points of a target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks;
step two, transmitting radar signals by adopting linear frequency modulation LFM signals, and establishing an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points;
and thirdly, analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein plasma having a scattering intensity greater than a preset threshold value is generated toward the tail of the target at the scattering point selected.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the LFM signal emitted by the radar in the second step is expressed as:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency of LFM signals, f d For doppler frequency, k=b/T is the frequency modulation slope, B is the bandwidth, T is the pulse period; rect (T/T) is a rectangular signal.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the echo signal received by the radar in the second step is expressed as:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency of LFM signals, f d For Doppler frequency τ i Representing the time delay of echo signals received by the radar antenna at different scattering points, i representing the different scattering points screened, and k representing the frequency modulation slope.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuzzy function of the LFM signal in the second step is:
also, there are:
wherein τ 0 Representing pulse width, f d For Doppler frequency, k represents the chirp rate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of distinguishing the sheath object from the real object in the step three comprises:
if the distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph of the echo signal is in spike-like random independent distribution, judging that the echo signal is a real target; if a plurality of peaks in the range-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal are regularly arranged, the sheath target is judged.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of peaks in the range-doppler two-dimensional ambiguity function map of the echo signal are arranged in a regular array.
8. A target detection system under the influence of a sheath based on a range-doppler two-dimensional blur function, comprising the following modules:
the scattering point screening module is used for screening a plurality of scattering points of the target surface plasma sheath according to radar echo signal peaks;
the echo model construction module adopts linear frequency modulation LFM signals to transmit radar signals, and establishes an LFM signal echo model of a plasma sheath covering target according to a plurality of screened scattering points;
and the detection module is used for analyzing a distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal of the LFM signal echo model, distinguishing a sheath target from a real target, and realizing target detection under the influence of the sheath.
9. The target detection system of claim 8, wherein the radar-transmitted LFM signal is represented as:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency of LFM signals, f d For doppler frequency, k=b/T is the frequency modulation slope, B is the bandwidth, T is the pulse period; rect (T/T) is a rectangular signal;
the echo signal received by the radar is expressed as:
wherein τ i Representing the time delays of echo signals received by the radar antenna at different scattering points, i representing the different scattering points being screened.
10. The object detection system of claim 8, wherein the process of the detection module distinguishing the sheath object from the real object comprises:
if the distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function graph of the echo signal is in spike-like random independent distribution, judging that the echo signal is a real target; if a plurality of peaks in the range-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function diagram of the echo signal are regularly arranged, the sheath target is judged.
CN202311372014.1A 2023-10-23 2023-10-23 Target detection method based on distance-Doppler two-dimensional fuzzy function under sheath influence Pending CN117554912A (en)

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