CN117554719A - High-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method - Google Patents
High-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method, wherein a system adopted by the method comprises two branches L1 and L2. The L1 branch is connected with a heat stable F-P etalon, and after wide spectrum light passes through the etalon, the transmission spectrum of the wide spectrum light is a comb spectrum comprising a plurality of wave peaks; the L2 branch is connected with two FBGs and an optical fiber microporous structure, wherein the FBG1 is a temperature sensor, and the optical fiber microporous structure is a strain sensor. The transmitted light of the F-P etalon, the reflected light of the FBG and the micropore structure are respectively transmitted through the LCFBG, converted into radio frequency electric signals through the photoelectric detector, and sent to the mixer to be mixed with the original radio frequency signals. The mixed signals are subjected to low-pass filter to obtain difference frequency signals, and the difference frequency signals are collected by a data collection card and then are analyzed and processed to obtain temperature and strain values. The invention can effectively solve the problems of electromagnetic interference and low precision of the existing electric sensor, and can realize real-time online monitoring of the temperature and the strain of the power transmission line with large measurement range, high precision and high stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation.
Background
Real-time temperature monitoring of the transmission line can improve power transmission capacity and reliability, thereby providing maximum capacity, cost effectiveness and safety; the strain change of the power transmission line is monitored, and the degree of galloping and icing can be obtained, so that faults such as strand breakage and short circuit of the power transmission line are avoided. At present, an electric sensor is mainly adopted for monitoring the temperature and the strain of a power transmission line, the technical maturity of the electric sensor is high, the electric sensor is widely applied, and the measuring mode has the problems of no electromagnetic interference resistance, poor insulating property, difficult electric energy acquisition, high maintenance cost and the like.
Optical fiber sensing is a novel sensing technology, which reflects the measured change through optical parameters and transmits signals through optical fibers. The transmission loss of the optical fiber is small, the transmission rate is high, and long-distance signal transmission can be realized; the optical fiber is intrinsically insulated, so that the problem of short circuit is solved, and the interference of electromagnetic waves is avoided; based on the fact that different types of optical fiber sensors can directly or indirectly measure various physical quantities such as temperature and strain, the inventor researches a high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation by utilizing an optical fiber sensing technology.
The invention comprises the following steps:
according to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation, which converts wavelength change into time delay change of optical transmission, and wavelength demodulation is realized by detecting radio frequency electric parameters, so that the wavelength demodulation precision can be improved, and the monitoring precision of the power transmission line temperature and strain is improved. Meanwhile, the FBG sensor and the microporous structure sensor are adopted to respectively monitor the temperature and the strain of the transmission line, and compared with an electric sensor, the measuring sensitivity can be remarkably improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method comprises the following two parts: wavelength demodulation system and sensor.
The wavelength demodulation system comprises two branches L1 and L2, light of a wide-spectrum light source is subjected to amplitude modulation by an electro-optical modulator and then is divided into two beams of light through a coupler, and the two beams of light enter the two branches L1 and L2 respectively. The L1 branch is connected with a heat stable F-P etalon, and after wide spectrum light passes through the etalon, the transmission spectrum of the wide spectrum light is a comb spectrum comprising a plurality of wave peaks; the L2 branch is connected with two FBGs (fiber bragg gratings) and a microporous structure sensor, and the two FBGs have different center wavelengths, so that the reflection spectrum consists of two wave crests. The transmitted light of the F-P etalon and the reflected light of the FBG are respectively converted into radio frequency electric signals after passing through LCFBG (linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating) and then are sent to a mixer to be mixed with the original radio frequency signals; the mixed signals are subjected to low-pass filter to obtain difference frequency signals, and the difference frequency signals are collected by a data collection card and then are analyzed and processed to obtain temperature and strain values.
The signal output by the radio frequency signal source always carries out periodic sweep frequency, two FBGs in the L2 branch are reflected back to three beams of light with different wavelengths, and after the light passes through the LCFBGs, the light with different wavelengths generates different time delays, so the time for reaching the photoelectric detector is different. The electrical signal output by the photodetector is still a radio frequency signal because the photodetector has a limited bandwidth and cannot respond to changes in optical power caused by the optical frequency, but can respond to changes in optical power caused by radio frequency modulation. Because the radio frequency signal is swept, the frequency of the electric signal converted and output by the modulating optical signal through the photoelectric detector is different from the original radio frequency signal in fixed frequency, and the radio frequency difference frequency signal obtained by subtracting the frequency difference signal from the original radio frequency signal can be obtained after the frequency difference signal is subjected to frequency mixer and low-pass filtration.
In the L1 branch, the spectrum of light of the wide-spectrum light source is changed into a comb spectrum after the light passes through the heat stable F-P etalon, and different interference peaks in the comb spectrum correspond to light with different wavelengths. Therefore, the L1 branch is similar to the L2 branch, and the signals acquired in the CH1 channel of the data acquisition card are superposition of a plurality of frequency component signals. Since the temperature stability of the thermally stable F-P etalon is very high, the RF frequency reflected by the FBG can be calibrated by using the RF frequency reflected by the thermally stable F-P etalon.
In the L2 branch, a microporous structure is manufactured between the FBG1 and the FBG2 through a femtosecond laser etching process for strain measurement. When the strain changes, the cavity length of the cavity constituted by the micropores changes, thereby causing a change in transmitted light intensity.
The light which continues to propagate after passing through the microporous structure enters the rear FBG2, and part of the light is reflected by the FBG2 and finally enters the photoelectric detector after passing through the microporous structure again. The change in strain is reflected by a voltage corresponding to the reflected optical power of the FBG 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation, which is provided by the invention, the FBG is adopted to realize temperature measurement, the optical fiber micropore structure is adopted to realize strain measurement, and the simultaneous detection of temperature and strain is realized by detecting the frequency and the amplitude of a radio frequency difference frequency signal, so that the problems of electromagnetic interference and low precision of the existing electric sensor can be effectively solved, and the real-time online monitoring of the power transmission line temperature and strain with a large measurement range, high precision and high stability can be realized.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system employed by a transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a fiber microporous structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of transmission through the microporous structure before entering the FBG2 and the microporous structure and photodetector.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system used in a power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method based on radio frequency detection and dispersion compensation according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the whole system includes: 1 wide spectrum light source, 1 electro-optic modulator, 1 radio frequency signal source, first demodulation light path L1, second demodulation light path L2, 1 thermal stability F-P etalon, single mode fiber, 2 FBGs, 1 microporous structure sensor, 2 LCFBGs, 2 photodetectors, 2 mixers, 2 low pass filters, 1 data acquisition device.
Light of the wide-spectrum light source is subjected to amplitude modulation by the electro-optical modulator and then is divided into two beams of light through the coupler, and the two beams of light enter two branches L1 and L2 respectively.
The L1 branch is connected with a heat stable F-P etalon, and after wide spectrum light passes through the etalon, the transmission spectrum of the wide spectrum light is a comb spectrum comprising a plurality of wave peaks; the L2 branch is connected with two FBGs and a microporous structure sensor, and the two FBGs have different center wavelengths, so that the reflection spectrum consists of two wave crests.
The two FBGs in the L2 branch reflect back two beams of light of different wavelengths, which after passing through the LCFBG, produce different time delays, so the time to reach the photodetector is different. The electrical signal output by the photodetector is still a radio frequency signal because the photodetector has a limited bandwidth and cannot respond to changes in optical power caused by the optical frequency, but can respond to changes in optical power caused by radio frequency modulation. Because the radio frequency signal is swept, the frequency of the electric signal converted and output by the modulating optical signal through the photoelectric detector and the original radio frequency signal have fixed frequency difference, and the radio frequency difference frequency signal obtained by subtracting the frequency difference signal from the original radio frequency signal can be obtained after the frequency difference signal is subjected to frequency mixer and low-pass filtration. When the temperature or strain causes the center wavelength of the FBG to change, then the time delay Δt is caused to change, Δt can be expressed as:
Δt＝DΔλL (1)
in the formula (1), Δλ represents the variation of the FBG wavelength, L is the length of an optical fiber through which light passes when it is reflected by the FBG by the electro-optical modulator and reaches the photoelectric detection, and D is the total dispersion coefficient. The time delay change further causes the difference frequency to change, and the difference frequency change value can be expressed as:
f Δ ＝BΔt/T (2)
in the formula (2), B is a scanning bandwidth, and T is a scanning period.
Because the time delays of the light with different wavelengths are different, the frequencies of the difference frequency signals are also different, and the signals collected by the data collection card CH2 channel are superposition of two frequency signals, which can be expressed as:
in the formula (3), V 1 、V 2 Representing the amplitude, f, of the difference frequency signal formed by the FBG 1 、f 2 The frequency of the difference frequency signal formed by the FBG is represented, and the frequency value of each frequency component in the signal acquired by the data acquisition card is extracted, so that the change of the wavelength of the FBG can be obtained.
In the L1 branch, the spectrum of light of the wide-spectrum light source is changed into a comb spectrum after the light passes through the heat stable F-P etalon, and different interference peaks in the comb spectrum correspond to light with different wavelengths. Therefore, the L1 branch is similar to the L2 branch, and the signal collected in the CH1 channel of the data collection card is a superposition of multiple frequency component signals, which can be expressed as:
in the formula (4), n represents the number of interference peaks in the transmission spectrum of the F-P etalon, V FP1 、V FP2 、V FPn Representing the amplitude of the difference frequency signal formed by the F-P etalon, F FP1 、f FP2 、f FPn Representing the frequency of the difference frequency signal formed by the F-P etalon.
The FBG1 in the L2 branch is a temperature sensor, and the wavelength of the FBG1 changes by delta lambda FBG1 Can be expressed as:
Δλ FBG1 ＝k T ΔT (5)
in the formula (5), k T The temperature coefficient of FBG1, Δt, represents the amount of change in the transmission line temperature. From the formulas (2) and (5), it can be seen that the RF difference frequency variation Δf related to FBG1 FBG1 Can be expressed as:
l in formula (6) FBG1 Representing the transmission distance of light in the optical path. The variation of the temperature of the power transmission line can be obtained through calculation after the variation of the radio frequency difference frequency is obtained.
In the L2 branch, a microporous structure is manufactured between the FBG1 and the FBG2 through a femtosecond laser etching process for strain measurement, and the optical transmission schematic diagram of the microporous structure of the optical fiber is shown in FIG. 2. The three dashed lines in fig. 2 represent three light beams corresponding to the propagation directions of light when the refractive indices of the medium in the microwells are n1, n2 and n3, respectively. The air plays a role of a transmission medium in the micropores, and as the refractive index of the air in the micropores is different from that of the fiber core, the propagation direction of light is changed, and part of light is coupled into the cladding without meeting the total reflection condition and cannot continuously propagate along the fiber core, so that the transmittance of the light is changed.
The light that continues to propagate after passing through the micro-porous structure enters the FBG2 at the back, and the FBG2 reflects part of the light, and finally enters the photodetector after passing through the micro-porous structure again, as shown in fig. 3.
The change in strain is reflected by the optical power with the FBG2The voltage corresponding to the rate is reflected. The fluctuation of the optical power output by the wide-spectrum light source and the change of the optical fiber transmission loss caused by external reasons can influence the optical power, thereby causing interference to strain measurement. Since the center wavelength of the FBG1 is different from that of the FBG2, the change in the reflected optical power of the FBG2 due to the strain change does not affect the optical power of the FBG1, but the optical power reflected by the FBG1 is similarly affected by the wide-spectrum light source fluctuation and the change in the optical fiber transmission loss. Namely V in formula (3) 1 And V 2 Are affected by the fluctuation of the wide-spectrum light source and the change of transmission loss, in addition to that, V 2 But also by strain. Therefore, use V 1 And V 2 For reference, V can be calculated by division 2 The interference caused by wide-spectrum light source fluctuation and transmission loss change is removed, so that the accuracy of strain measurement is improved. Light transmittance T defining a microporous structure trans The method comprises the following steps:
T trans ＝P O /P I (7)
p in formula (7) I And P O Respectively representing the incident light power and the outgoing power of the microporous structure. The emergent light is reflected by FBG2 and passes through the power P after the microporous structure again R Can be expressed as:
P R ＝P I [T trans ] 2 R (8)
in the formula (8), R is the reflectivity of FBG 2. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the strain change has an effect on the transmissivity of the microporous structure, thereby affecting the power of the reflected light, which, after passing through the photodetector, eventually causes a change in the output voltage, which can be expressed as:
ε→T trans →P R →V 2 (9)
epsilon in the formula (9) represents the strain of the microporous structure, respectively. As is clear from the equation (9), the strain of the power transmission line can be obtained by detecting the magnitude of the output voltage V2 in the equation (3) and by a certain analysis and calculation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to apply equivalents and modifications to the present invention within the scope of the present invention, according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The high-precision transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method is characterized in that the system is realized based on a transmission line temperature and strain monitoring system, and comprises a broad-spectrum light source, an electro-optic modulator, a radio frequency signal source, a coupler, a first demodulation light path L1, a second demodulation light path L2, a heat stable F-P etalon, a single-mode fiber, two FBGs, a microporous structure sensor, two LCFBGs, two photoelectric detectors, two mixers, two low-pass filters and a data acquisition device;
after the light of the wide-spectrum light source is subjected to amplitude modulation through the electro-optical modulator, the light is divided into two beams of light through the coupler, the two beams of light enter a first demodulation light path L1 and a second demodulation light path L2 respectively, and the wide-spectrum light of the first demodulation light path L1 passes through a heat stable F-P standard tool to obtain transmitted light;
the wide-spectrum light of the second demodulation light path L2 sequentially passes through a single-mode fiber, a first FBG, a microporous structure sensor and a second FBG, the first FBG and the second FBG have different center wavelengths, the first FBG and the second FBG generate reflected light, and the transmitted light of the first demodulation light path L1 and the reflected light of the second demodulation light path L2 are respectively transmitted through the LCFBG, converted into radio-frequency electric signals through a photoelectric detector and then transmitted to a mixer to be mixed with original radio-frequency signals; the mixed signals are subjected to low-pass filter to obtain difference frequency signals, and the difference frequency signals are collected by a data collection card and then are analyzed and processed to obtain temperature and strain values.
2. The high-precision power transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein two FBGs reflect two beams of light with different wavelengths, after the two beams of light pass through the LCFBG, the different wavelengths of light generate different time delays, so that the time for reaching the photoelectric detector is different, the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector is a radio frequency signal, and as the radio frequency signal sweeps, the frequency of the electric signal converted and output by the photoelectric detector by the modulated optical signal and the original radio frequency signal have fixed frequency difference, and after the frequency difference is filtered by a mixer and a low pass, a radio frequency difference signal obtained after subtraction of the two signals can be obtained; when the temperature or strain causes the center wavelength of the FBG to change, then the time delay Δt is caused to change, Δt can be expressed as:
Δt＝DΔλL (1)
in the formula (1), delta lambda represents the variation of the wavelength of FBG, L is the length of an optical fiber through which light passes when reaching photoelectric detection after being reflected by the FBG by an electro-optical modulator, and D is the total dispersion coefficient; the time delay variation further causes the difference frequency f Δ The change occurs, which can be expressed as:
f Δ ＝BΔt/T (2)
in the formula (2), B is a scanning bandwidth, and T is a scanning period;
the time delay of the light with different wavelengths is different, the frequency of the difference frequency signal is also different, and the signal collected by the data collection card is the superposition of two frequency signals, which can be expressed as:
in the formula (3), V 1 、V 2 Representing the amplitude, f, of the difference frequency signal formed by the FBG 1 、f 2 Representing the frequency of the difference frequency signal formed by the FBG; extracting frequency values of all frequency components in the signals acquired by the data acquisition card, so as to obtain the change of FBG wavelength;
after passing through a heat stable F-P standard tool, the spectrum of the light of the wide-spectrum light source is changed into a comb spectrum, and different interference peaks in the comb spectrum correspond to light with different wavelengths; the signal collected by the data collection card is also superposition of a plurality of frequency component signals, and can be expressed as:
in the formula (4), n represents the number of interference peaks in the transmission spectrum of the F-P etalon, V FP1 、V FP2 、V FPn Representing the amplitude of the difference frequency signal formed by the F-P etalon, F FP1 、f FP2 、f FPn Representation of F-P etalon formationThe frequency of the difference frequency signal of (2);
in the first demodulation optical path L1, the first FBG is a temperature sensor, and the wavelength variation of the FBG can be expressed as:
Δλ FBG1 ＝k T ΔT (5)
in the formula (5), k T As the temperature coefficient of the FBG1, Δt represents the amount of change in the transmission line temperature; as can be seen from the formulas (2) and (5), the variation of the rf difference frequency with respect to the FBG can be expressed as:
l in formula (6) FBG1 Representing the transmission distance of light in the optical path;
as can be seen from the equation (6), after the variation of the radio frequency difference frequency is obtained, the variation of the transmission line temperature can be obtained through calculation.
3. The high-precision transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein in the first demodulation optical path L2, a microporous structure is manufactured between the first FBG and the second FBG by a femtosecond laser etching process for strain measurement, namely, a microporous structure sensor; the air plays a role of a transmission medium in the micropores, and as the refractive index of the air in the micropores is different from that of the fiber cores of the optical fibers, the propagation direction of light is changed, and part of light is coupled into the cladding without meeting the total reflection condition and cannot continuously propagate along the fiber cores, so that the transmittance of the light is changed;
the light which continues to propagate after passing through the microporous structure enters a second FBG, and the second FBG reflects part of the light and finally enters the photoelectric detector after passing through the microporous structure again.
4. A high precision transmission line temperature and strain monitoring method as in claim 3 wherein the change in strain is reflected by a voltage corresponding to the reflected optical power of the second FBG, defining a micro-porous structure having an optical transmittance of:
T trans ＝P O /P I (7)
p in formula (7) I And P O The incident light power and the emergent light power of the microporous structure are respectively represented, the emergent light is reflected by the second FBG, and the power after passing through the microporous structure again can be represented as:
P R ＝P I [T trans ] 2 R (8)
from the above analysis, it is known that the strain change affects the transmittance of the microporous structure, thereby affecting the power of the reflected light, and the reflected light finally causes the output voltage to change after passing through the photodetector, where R is the reflectance of the second FBG in formula (8):
ε→T trans →P R →V 2 (9)
from equation (9), epsilon represents the strain of the microporous structure, and as can be seen from equation (9), the strain of the transmission line can be obtained by detecting the output voltage V2 in equation (3) and analyzing and calculating.
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| CN117824724B (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-05-28 | 广东海洋大学 | Fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics |
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