CN117554144B - Tunnel physical model test device - Google Patents
Tunnel physical model test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117554144B CN117554144B CN202410039155.XA CN202410039155A CN117554144B CN 117554144 B CN117554144 B CN 117554144B CN 202410039155 A CN202410039155 A CN 202410039155A CN 117554144 B CN117554144 B CN 117554144B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel physical model test device, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel physical model test devices; the device comprises a test part, wherein the test part comprises a counter-force support frame, a model preparation box is arranged in the counter-force support frame and used for manufacturing a physical model for tunnel test, and the width of the model preparation box is adjustable so as to change the thickness of the manufactured physical model; the loading system at least comprises a force application component arranged at the rear side, the left side, the right side and the bottom of the model preparation box; the feeding system is arranged at one side of the test part and is used for conveying similar materials and finally filling the materials into the model preparation box; the stirring system comprises a stirring bin body and a stirring component in running fit with the stirring bin body; the device is used for solving the technical problems that the test cost is high when the existing test device is used for manufacturing a test model, and meanwhile, the labor intensity is high and the test efficiency is low due to the mode of artificial filling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel physical model test devices, and particularly relates to a tunnel physical model multifunctional test device capable of performing two-dimensional and three-dimensional conversion.
Background
Tunnel physical model tests based on the law of similarity are a common research method for mining engineering and geotechnical engineering. Namely, according to the actual scene, a tunnel model with equal scale reduction is manufactured, and then a series of construction parameters of the model are tested. The current tunnel physical model test bed is divided into a two-dimensional test bed and a three-dimensional test bed.
The two-dimensional test bed is a physical model test bed for handling the plane strain problem. In the plane strain problem, an infinitely long cylindrical body is assumed, any cross section is taken as an xy plane, any longitudinal line is taken as a z axis, and all stress components, strain components and displacement components are not changed along the z direction, but are only functions of x and y. The thickness of the model made of similar materials required for such problem test is usually about 40cm, and the influence of strain in the thickness direction is not considered. For example: tunnel model test with approximate axial cross section.
The three-dimensional test bed is a physical model test bed for dealing with three-dimensional space problems. When the complex engineering problem that the plane approximation cannot be solved occurs, a three-dimensional model test bed is needed to be adopted for physical model test. For example: and (5) researching physical model test of surrounding rock stress distribution during the excavation of the overpass tunnel. The thickness dimension of the model which is required to be made of similar materials in the test of the problems is larger than that in the two-dimensional test, so that the intersecting tunnels can be conveniently excavated.
The existing two-dimensional test bed and three-dimensional test bed are used for respectively manufacturing a two-dimensional test model and a three-dimensional test model, and the functions cannot be communicated, so that the two-dimensional test bed and the three-dimensional test bed are required to be manufactured respectively, and the test cost is high.
In addition, large physical model experiments in geotechnical engineering typically require similar materials in "tons" to make models. In the test operation, similar materials are added into a device for making a model in a mode of manual filling compaction, so that the labor intensity is high, and the test efficiency is greatly reduced.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel physical model test device, which solves the technical problems of high test cost and low test efficiency caused by the way of manual filling due to the fact that a two-dimensional test bed and a three-dimensional test bed cannot be communicated with each other when the conventional test device is used for manufacturing a test model.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the tunnel physical model test device of the present invention provides the following technical scheme:
a tunnel physical model test device, comprising:
the test part comprises a counter-force support frame, a model preparation box is arranged in the counter-force support frame and used for manufacturing a physical model for tunnel test, and the width of the model preparation box is adjustable so as to change the thickness of the manufactured physical model;
the loading system at least comprises force application members arranged at the rear side, the left side, the right side and the bottom of the model preparation box and used for applying force to similar materials in the model preparation box;
the feeding system is arranged at one side of the test part and is used for conveying similar materials and finally filling the materials into the model preparation box;
the stirring system comprises a stirring bin body and a stirring component which is in running fit with the stirring bin body and is used for stirring when similar materials are proportioned.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the model preparation box comprises a bottom plate, a front side wall, a rear side wall, a left side wall and a right side wall, wherein the front side wall and the rear side wall are of telescopic structures, the bottom plate is fixedly arranged on a counter-force supporting frame, the front side wall is vertical and fixedly arranged at the front part of the bottom plate, the left side wall and the right side wall are respectively in sliding fit with the bottom plate, the rear side wall is vertically arranged on the bottom plate and in sliding fit with the bottom plate, and two ends of the rear side wall are respectively in sliding fit with the left side wall and the right side wall.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the force application member comprises a left hydraulic cylinder, a right hydraulic cylinder, a rear hydraulic cylinder and a vibration motor which are respectively arranged at the left side, the right side, the rear side and the bottom of the model preparation box, wherein the left hydraulic cylinder, the right hydraulic cylinder and the rear hydraulic cylinder are respectively arranged at the corresponding outer sides of the model preparation box, one end of the left hydraulic cylinder is connected with the counter-force support frame, and the other end of the left hydraulic cylinder is connected with the corresponding side wall of the model preparation box; the vibration motor is arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate.
As further optimized technical scheme, the feeding system includes vertical support frame, hopper, vertical support frame top and bottom rotate respectively and are connected with a set of lift sprocket, be connected through the drive chain transmission between the lift sprocket, the hopper setting is in drive chain one side that is close to test part, and the hopper bottom with drive chain swing joint, fixedly connected with guide rail on the vertical support frame, the hopper top rotates and is connected with the revolution mechanic with the guide rail looks adaptation, the hopper moves along the guide rail along the drive chain and can empty similar material in the stirring system.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the guide rail comprises an ascending guide section and a dumping guide section which are integrally connected, wherein the ascending guide section is vertically arranged, and the dumping guide section is in an arc shape tangent to the top of the ascending guide section and extends to one side close to the test part.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the vertical supporting frame is provided with a tensioning chain wheel for tensioning the transmission chain, and the tensioning chain wheel is arranged on one side, far away from the test part, of the transmission chain through a distance adjusting piece;
the distance adjusting piece comprises a fixed barrel, one end of the fixed barrel is fixedly connected with the vertical supporting frame, the other end of the fixed barrel is provided with an opening, an extension rod is arranged in the fixed barrel in a sliding fit mode, a tensioning chain wheel is in running fit with the extension rod, one side of the extension rod is provided with a transmission tooth, a gear is rotatably installed in the fixed barrel, the gear is in meshed transmission with the transmission tooth, and the gear can be rotated to drive the extension rod to slide in the fixed barrel.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the tensioning chain wheel is coaxially and fixedly provided with a driving chain wheel;
the stirring bin body is fixedly arranged at the top of the test part, one end of the stirring part, which extends out of the stirring bin body, is connected with a driven sprocket, and the driven sprocket is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the loading system further comprises a top force application member, one end of the top force application member is connected with the top of the reaction frame, and the other end of the top force application member extends into the model preparation box and is used for applying top pressure to similar materials in the model preparation box.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the feeding system comprises a belt conveyor, wherein the belt conveyor is provided with a bottom horizontal conveying section, a material lifting section and a top conveying section which are integrally and sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the stirring system is arranged on one side of the bottom horizontal conveying section, and the bottom horizontal conveying section is communicated with the stirring system.
The beneficial effects are that: the model preparation box is arranged, and the width of the model preparation box is adjustable so as to change the thickness of a manufactured physical model, so that material models with different thicknesses can be manufactured according to the needs, the requirements of different tests are met, one device has the functions of a two-dimensional test bed and a two-dimensional test bed, the two-dimensional test bed and the two-dimensional test bed do not need to be manufactured and processed respectively, and the test cost is reduced; in addition, through setting up charging system and loading system, charging system replaces artifical material loading, and loading system replaces artifical compaction similar material, has reduced experimental intensity of labour and has improved experimental efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another perspective view of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the model preparation tank of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of the model preparation box of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of the model preparation box of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the back side wall of the model preparation box of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a front cross-sectional view of a stationary barrel of example 1 of a tunnel physical model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a top cross-sectional view of a fixture cartridge of example 1 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a front view of example 2 of the tunnel physical model test apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a left side view of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a top view of fig. 11.
In fig. 1-10: 1. a reaction force supporting frame; 2. a model preparation box; 201. a bottom plate; 202. a front sidewall; 203. a rear sidewall; 204. a left side wall; 205. a right side wall; 3. a left hydraulic cylinder; 4. a right hydraulic cylinder; 5. a rear hydraulic cylinder; 6. a vibration motor; 7. a vertical support; 8. a hopper; 9. lifting chain wheels; 10. a drive chain; 11. a guide rail; 1101. a rising guide section; 1102. dumping the guide section; 12. a rotating structure; 13. tensioning the chain wheel; 14. a fixed cylinder; 15. an extension rod; 16. a drive tooth; 17. a gear; 18. a driven sprocket; 19. a top force application member; 21. a drive sprocket; 22. a drive chain; 23. a driving motor; 24. a fixed rod; 25. a baffle; 26. a nut; 1-1, stirring a bin body; 1-101, conveying channels; 1-2, stirring components;
in fig. 11-13: 1. a reaction force supporting frame; 2. a model preparation box; 3. a left hydraulic cylinder; 4. a right hydraulic cylinder; 5. a rear hydraulic cylinder; 6. a vibration motor; 20. a belt conveyor; 2001. a horizontal conveying section; 2002. a material lifting section; 2003. a top transport section; 2-1, stirring the bin body; 2-2, stirring parts.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention mainly provides a tunnel physical model test device which mainly comprises a test part for manufacturing a physical model for a test, a loading system for applying force to similar materials in the process of manufacturing the physical model, a feeding system for automatic filling and a stirring system for stirring the similar materials when the similar materials are proportioned. Through the mutual cooperation and coaction among the components and the systems, the device is convenient to realize the function of respectively manufacturing a two-dimensional test model and a three-dimensional test model, namely, the device has the function of manufacturing different types of test models according to the needs, so that a two-dimensional test bed and a three-dimensional test bed do not need to be manufactured respectively, and the test cost is reduced; in addition, the feeding system can realize mechanical feeding, replaces the existing manual feeding, replaces manual compaction of similar materials with the loading system, effectively reduces the labor intensity of the test and improves the efficiency of the test.
Specific embodiments of the invention are described in the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the tunnel physical model test device comprises a test component, a loading system, a feeding system and a stirring system.
The test part specifically comprises a counterforce support frame 1, wherein the counterforce support frame 1 is similar to a cuboid shell with an opening at the front side, a model preparation box 2 is arranged in the counterforce support frame 1, and the model preparation box 2 is used for manufacturing a physical model for tunnel test.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the model preparation box 2 includes a bottom plate 201, a front side wall 202, a rear side wall 203, a left side wall 204 and a right side wall 205, the bottom plate 201 is fixedly disposed on the reaction support frame 1, the front side wall 202 is vertically and fixedly disposed in front of the bottom plate 201, the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205 are respectively vertically disposed on the left side and the right side of the bottom plate 201, the rear side wall 203 is vertically disposed on the rear side of the bottom plate 201, and the bottom plate 201, the front side wall 202, the rear side wall 203, the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205 are mutually connected to form a containing space together, so as to facilitate containing similar materials. The front side wall 202 and the rear side wall 203 are of telescopic structures, meanwhile, the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205 are respectively in sliding fit with the bottom plate 201, so that the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205 can slide inwards or outwards when being stressed, the front side wall 202 and the rear side wall 203 are pushed or pulled to stretch, the length direction of the accommodating space of the model preparation box 2 is adjusted, the length of a test model is convenient to adjust, and meanwhile, the adjusting mode also facilitates the application of force to similar materials in the model preparation box 2 from the left side and the right side.
In addition, the two ends of the rear side wall 203 are respectively in sliding fit with the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205, that is, the rear side wall 203 can be pushed forward or backward, so that the width direction of the accommodating space of the model preparation box 2 can be adjusted, the thickness of the manufactured model can be adjusted, and the width of the model preparation box 2 can be adjusted, so that a two-dimensional test model and a three-dimensional test model can be manufactured respectively.
Specifically, the front side wall 202 and the rear side wall 203 have the same structure, the rear side wall 203 is taken as an example for detailed description in this embodiment, the telescopic structure of the rear side wall 203 is a housing structure made of high-strength materials sleeved in multiple stages, the housing structure is not easy to deform, and any two adjacent housing structures are in sliding fit through the matching mode of the guide rail and the sliding block, so that the rear side wall 203 and the bottom plate 201 are tightly matched, the similar materials are prevented from leaking outwards, and the bottoms of all the housing structures are flush.
Specifically, the left side wall 204 and the right side wall 205 have the same structure, and in this embodiment, the left side wall 204 is taken as an example for detailed description, a chute capable of clamping the bottom plate 201 is provided at the bottom of the left side wall 204, and the bottom plate 201 is clamped in the chute, so that sliding fit between the left side wall 204 and the bottom plate 201 is realized.
The loading system comprises at least force applying members arranged at the rear side, the left side, the right side and the bottom of the model preparation tank 2 for applying force to similar materials inside the model preparation tank 2. Specifically, the force application member includes a left hydraulic cylinder 3, a right hydraulic cylinder 4, a rear hydraulic cylinder 5 and a vibration motor 6 respectively provided at the left side, the right side, the rear side and the bottom of the model preparation tank 2, that is, the left hydraulic cylinder 3 is provided at the left side of the model preparation tank 2, the right hydraulic cylinder 4 is provided at the right side of the model preparation tank 2, the rear hydraulic cylinder 5 is provided at the rear side of the model preparation tank 2, and the vibration motor 6 is provided at the lower side of the bottom plate 201 of the model preparation tank 2.
The left hydraulic cylinder 3, the right hydraulic cylinder 4 and the rear hydraulic cylinder 5 are respectively arranged on the corresponding outer sides of the model preparation box 2, one end of the left hydraulic cylinder is connected with the counter-force support frame 1, and the other end of the left hydraulic cylinder is tightly propped against the corresponding side wall of the model preparation box 2. The concrete setting mode is that left pneumatic cylinder 3 sets up in model preparation case 2 left side, and left pneumatic cylinder 3 one end is connected with counter-force support frame 1, and the left side wall 204 of model preparation case 2 is connected to the other end to be convenient for pull or promote left side wall 204. The arrangement of the right hydraulic cylinder 4 and the rear hydraulic cylinder 5 is similar, and will not be described in detail herein, so that the left hydraulic cylinder 3, the right hydraulic cylinder 4 and the rear hydraulic cylinder 5 can compress similar materials in the model preparation tank 2 in different directions by pushing corresponding side walls of the model preparation tank 2. The vibration motor 6 prepares the tank 2 through a vibration model to ensure uniformity of similar materials.
The feeding system is arranged at one side of the test part and is used for conveying similar materials so as to realize final filling into the model preparation box 2; in this embodiment, the feeding system needs to convey the similar materials into the stirring system and then convey the similar materials into the model preparation tank 2 by the stirring system, that is, in this embodiment, the feeding system conveys the similar materials into the model preparation tank 2 indirectly.
The stirring system comprises a stirring bin body 1-1 and a stirring component 1-2 which is in running fit with the stirring bin body 1-1 and is used for stirring when similar materials are proportioned.
Specifically as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the feeding system comprises a vertical supporting frame 7 and a hopper 8, wherein the top and the bottom of the vertical supporting frame 7 are respectively and rotatably connected with a group of lifting chain wheels 9, in the embodiment, the number of the lifting chain wheels 9 at the top and the number of the lifting chain wheels 9 at the bottom are respectively two, and the lifting chain wheels 9 at the top and the lifting chain wheels 9 at the bottom are in transmission connection through a transmission chain 10. In order to conveniently drive the lifting chain wheel 9, a driving motor 23 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical supporting frame 7, and the driving motor 23 is connected with the lifting chain wheel 9 at the bottom.
The hopper 8 is arranged on one side of the transmission chain 10, which is close to the test part, and the bottom of the hopper 8 is movably connected with the transmission chain 10, wherein the 'movable connection' is to be rotationally connected, namely, the hopper 8 can simultaneously rotate around the connection position during lifting along with the transmission chain 10, specifically, when in connection, a connecting block can be fixedly arranged on the same position of the two transmission chains 10, pin shafts parallel to the axial directions of the lifting chain wheels 9 are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two connecting blocks, the pin shafts penetrate through the hopper 8 to be in rotary fit with the hopper 8, and other structures capable of achieving the same purpose can be selected in other embodiments, so long as the rotatable connection between the bottom of the hopper 8 and the transmission chain 10 can be ensured, and the material pouring is facilitated. Fixedly connected with guide rail 11 on the vertical support frame 7, the rotation of hopper 8 top is connected with the rotor with guide rail 11 looks adaptation, the rotor can slide in guide rail 11 as rotating structure 12, guide rail 11 includes the ascending guide section 1101 of an organic whole connection and emptys guide section 1102, ascending guide section 1101 is vertical setting, it is tangent arc shape and to the one side that is close to the test part to empty guide section 1102 for with ascending guide section 1101 top, when carrying out the material transport, driving motor 23 corotation, thereby driving hopper 8 moves along with drive chain 10, in ascending guide section 1101, hopper 8 steadily rises, when hopper rises to toppling guide section 1102, rotating structure 12 slides to toppling guide section 1102, at this moment, drive chain 10 continues to rise, and then can drive hopper 8 and rotate, the opening is emptyd the material in stirring system downwards, driving motor 23 reversal after toppling, finally drive hopper 8 to vertical support frame 7 bottom carries out the loading again.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the transmission chain 10, a tensioning sprocket 13 is provided on the vertical support frame 7 for tensioning the transmission chain 10, the tensioning sprocket 13 being arranged on the side of the transmission chain 10 remote from the test part by means of a distance adjustment. The distance adjusting member can adjust the tension of the drive chain 10 by adjusting the distance between the tension sprocket 13 and the vertical support frame 7.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the distance adjusting member includes a fixed cylinder 14, one end of the fixed cylinder 14 is fixedly connected with the vertical support frame 7, the other end is provided with an opening, an extension rod 15 is slidably fitted in the fixed cylinder 14, one end of the extension rod 15 extends into the fixed cylinder 14, the other end extends out of the opening of the fixed cylinder 14, and one end of the extension rod 15 extending out of the fixed cylinder 14 is rotatably connected with a tensioning sprocket 13.
One end of the extension rod 15 extending into the fixed cylinder 14 is slidably matched with the fixed cylinder 14, specifically, a transmission gear 16 is arranged on one side of a part of the extension rod 15 extending into the fixed cylinder 14, a gear 17 is rotatably arranged in the fixed cylinder 14, the gear 17 is in meshed transmission with the transmission gear 16, and the extension rod 15 can be driven to slide in the fixed cylinder 14 by rotating the gear 17. Thereby adjusting the distance of the tension sprocket 13 from the vertical support frame 7. The gear 17 is in running fit with the fixed cylinder 14 through the fixed rod 24, one end of the fixed rod 24 is smooth, threads are arranged at the other end of the fixed rod, the gear 17 is fixedly arranged on the fixed rod 24, a baffle 25 is fixed at the smooth end of the fixed rod 24, so that axial movement of the fixed rod 24 is avoided, a nut 26 is connected to the outer side of the threaded end of the fixed rod 24 in a threaded mode, when the extending distance of the extension rod 15 needs to be adjusted, the nut 26 can be unscrewed, then the fixed rod 24 is rotated, rotation of the gear 17 is achieved, the gear 17 pushes the transmission teeth 16 to move, the extension rod 15 can slide in the fixed cylinder 14, and after adjustment is completed, the nut 26 is rotated to press and fasten the fixed cylinder 14, so that the tensioning degree of the tensioning sprocket 13 is kept.
In the present embodiment, the tension sprocket 13 is coaxially fixedly provided with a drive sprocket 21; the stirring bin body 1-1 is fixedly arranged at the top of the test part, one end of the stirring part 1-2 extending out of the stirring bin body 1-1 is connected with the driven sprocket 18, and the driven sprocket 18 is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket 21 through the driving chain 22.
As can be seen from the above structure, the distance adjusting member can adjust not only the tension of the drive chain 10 but also the tension of the drive chain 22.
In this way, the similar materials in the stirring bin body 1-1 are repeatedly stirred in the process of conveying the materials in the up-and-down circulation mode of the hopper 8, the hopper 8 is ingeniously utilized to reciprocate up-and-down, the tensioning chain wheel 13 drives the stirring component 1-2 to continuously rotate forward and reversely, the full stirring of the materials is conveniently and efficiently achieved, the two processes of conveying the materials and stirring the materials are overlapped in time, the test period is shortened, the test is more efficient, and finally the stirred similar materials are conveyed into the model preparation box 2 from the conveying channels 1-101 for model manufacturing.
The design mode of feeding by the hopper 8 and driving the stirring part 1-2 to move simultaneously can fully stir materials in the gradually increasing process, so that the full mixing of the materials is more facilitated. Compared with the mode of mixing after the materials are added at one time, the mixing efficiency is higher.
In this embodiment, the loading system further comprises a top force application member 19, one end of the top force application member 19 is connected to the top of the reaction frame, and the other end extends into the model preparation tank 2 for top pressing of similar materials in the model preparation tank 2. The top force application member 19 is also a hydraulic cylinder, and when force is applied, a cover plate with proper size can be selected according to the shape of the accommodating space of the model preparation box 2 to put on top of the similar material so as to apply pressure to the similar material, and meanwhile, the top force application member 19 can simulate the top pressure in the test process.
When the two-dimensional test model is required to be manufactured, the rear side wall is pushed forward for a certain distance, then similar test materials are conveyed into the stirring bin body through the hopper, finally the stirred similar test materials in the stirring bin body are introduced into the model preparation box, the left hydraulic cylinder, the right hydraulic cylinder, the rear hydraulic cylinder and the vibration motor are started to apply force to the similar test materials while being introduced, finally the two-dimensional test model meeting the requirements is manufactured, a tunnel on the two-dimensional test model can be dug after the two-dimensional test model is formed or a tunnel model is placed in the model preparation box to be used as a mold for forming the tunnel before the similar materials are filled, the tunnel model is extracted after filling is completed, and then related tests can be carried out.
When the three-dimensional test model is required to be manufactured, the rear side wall is pulled backwards for a certain distance, then similar test materials are conveyed into the stirring bin body through the hopper, finally the stirred similar test materials in the stirring bin body are introduced into the model preparation box, the left hydraulic cylinder, the right hydraulic cylinder, the rear hydraulic cylinder and the vibration motor are started to apply force to the similar test materials while being introduced, and finally the three-dimensional test model meeting the requirements is manufactured.
Example 2
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13, the greatest difference from embodiment 1 is in the feeding system and the stirring system.
The feeding system is arranged at one side of the test part and is used for conveying similar materials so as to realize final filling into the model preparation box 2; in this embodiment, the materials are stirred in the stirring system, and after the stirring, the materials are conveyed into the model preparation box 2 through the feeding system, that is, in this embodiment, the feeding system directly conveys the materials into the model preparation box 2.
In this embodiment, the loading system includes a belt conveyor 20, and the belt conveyor 20 has a bottom horizontal conveying section 2001, a material lifting section 2002, and a top conveying section 2003 that are integrally provided in order from bottom to top. The stirring system is arranged at one side of the bottom horizontal conveying section 2001, and the bottom horizontal conveying section 2001 is communicated with the stirring system.
It is to be understood that the above description is exemplary only and that the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A tunnel physical model test device, comprising:
the test component comprises a counterforce support frame (1), wherein a model preparation box (2) is arranged in the counterforce support frame (1) and is used for manufacturing a physical model for tunnel test, and the width of the model preparation box (2) is adjustable so as to change the thickness of the manufactured physical model;
the loading system at least comprises force application components arranged at the rear side, the left side, the right side and the bottom of the model preparation box (2) and used for applying force to similar materials in the model preparation box (2);
the feeding system is arranged at one side of the test part and is used for conveying similar materials and finally filling the materials into the model preparation box (2);
the stirring system comprises a stirring bin body (1-1) and a stirring component (1-2) in running fit with the stirring bin body (1-1) and is used for stirring when similar materials are proportioned;
the feeding system comprises a vertical supporting frame (7) and a hopper (8), wherein the top and the bottom of the vertical supporting frame (7) are respectively connected with a group of lifting chain wheels (9) in a rotating mode, the lifting chain wheels (9) are connected through a transmission chain (10) in a transmission mode, the hopper (8) is arranged on one side, close to a test part, of the transmission chain (10), the bottom of the hopper (8) is movably connected with the transmission chain (10), a guide rail (11) is fixedly connected to the vertical supporting frame (7), the top of the hopper (8) is rotatably connected with a rotating structure (12) matched with the guide rail (11), and the hopper (8) can be driven along the guide rail (11) along with the transmission chain (10) to move so that similar materials can be poured into the stirring system;
the vertical support frame (7) is provided with a tensioning chain wheel (13) for tensioning the transmission chain (10), and the tensioning chain wheel (13) is arranged on one side, far away from the test part, of the transmission chain (10) through a distance adjusting piece;
the distance adjusting piece comprises a fixed cylinder (14), one end of the fixed cylinder (14) is fixedly connected with the vertical supporting frame (7), the other end of the fixed cylinder is provided with an opening, an extension rod (15) is slidably matched in the fixed cylinder (14), a tensioning chain wheel (13) is in running fit with the extension rod (15), one side of the extension rod (15) is provided with a transmission tooth (16), a gear (17) is rotatably mounted in the fixed cylinder (14), the gear (17) is in meshed transmission with the transmission tooth (16), and the gear (17) can be rotated to drive the extension rod (15) to slide in the fixed cylinder (14).
2. The tunnel physical model test device according to claim 1, wherein the model preparation box (2) comprises a bottom plate (201), a front side wall (202), a rear side wall (203), a left side wall (204) and a right side wall (205), the front side wall (202) and the rear side wall (203) are of telescopic structures, the bottom plate (201) is fixedly arranged on a counter-force supporting frame (1), the front side wall (202) is vertical and fixedly arranged in front of the bottom plate (201), the left side wall (204) and the right side wall (205) are respectively in sliding fit with the bottom plate (201), the rear side wall (203) is vertically arranged on the bottom plate (201) and is in sliding fit with the bottom plate (201), and two ends of the rear side wall (203) are respectively in sliding fit with the left side wall (204) and the right side wall (205).
3. The tunnel physical model test device according to claim 2, wherein the force application member comprises a left hydraulic cylinder (3), a right hydraulic cylinder (4), a rear hydraulic cylinder (5) and a vibration motor (6) which are respectively arranged at the left side, the right side, the rear side and the bottom of the model preparation box (2), the left hydraulic cylinder (3), the right hydraulic cylinder (4) and the rear hydraulic cylinder (5) are respectively arranged at the corresponding outer sides of the model preparation box (2), one end of the force application member is connected with the counter-force support frame (1), and the other end of the force application member is connected with the corresponding side wall of the model preparation box (2); the vibration motor (6) is arranged at the lower side of the bottom plate (201).
4. Tunnel physical model test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rail (11) comprises an ascending guide section (1101) and a dumping guide section (1102) which are integrally connected, the ascending guide section (1101) is vertically arranged, and the dumping guide section (1102) is arc-shaped tangential to the top of the ascending guide section (1101) and extends to a side close to the test part.
5. Tunnel physical model test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning sprocket (13) is fixedly provided with a drive sprocket (21) coaxially;
the stirring bin body (1-1) is fixedly arranged at the top of the test part, one end of the stirring part (1-2) extending out of the stirring bin body (1-1) is connected with a driven sprocket (18), and the driven sprocket (18) is in transmission connection with a driving sprocket (21).
6. Tunnel physical model test apparatus according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the loading system further comprises a top force application member (19), one end of the top force application member (19) being connected to the top of the reaction frame, the other end extending into the model preparation tank (2) for top pressing of similar materials in the model preparation tank (2).
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