CN117550633A - Improved heat transfer method for zinc oxide production - Google Patents
Improved heat transfer method for zinc oxide production Download PDFInfo
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- CN117550633A CN117550633A CN202311503677.2A CN202311503677A CN117550633A CN 117550633 A CN117550633 A CN 117550633A CN 202311503677 A CN202311503677 A CN 202311503677A CN 117550633 A CN117550633 A CN 117550633A
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 zinc ingots Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G9/03—Processes of production using dry methods, e.g. vapour phase processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a zinc oxide production heat transfer improvement method, which belongs to the technical field of improved heat transfer, and comprises air supply heat increment improvement, steam heating improvement and melting heat stabilization improvement; the air supply heat increasing improvement comprises: heating the tail gas to combustion air at the tail gas channel by using a heat exchange device; the steam heating improvement comprises: the height of the evaporation base is reduced; the cross section area of the evaporating crucible is kept unchanged, the height of the evaporating crucible is increased, the increased height of the evaporating crucible is equal to the reduced height of the evaporating base, and the heated area of the evaporating crucible is increased; the heat stability improvement of melting includes: increasing the volume of the melting crucible according to the rate of vaporization of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible; the volume of the melting crucible after being increased is kept unchanged, the radius and the height of the cross section of the melting crucible are adjusted, and the heated area of the melting crucible is changed. The invention can improve the yield of zinc oxide, reduce the impurity content of black particles in zinc oxide, is beneficial to reducing natural gas consumption, and can reduce the frequency of furnace disassembly and cleaning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat transfer change, in particular to a heat transfer improvement method for zinc oxide production.
Background
Zinc oxide (chemical formula is ZnO) is an oxide of zinc, commonly called zinc white, which is an important branch in the series of inorganic chemical zinc salts and is mainly used in the industries of rubber electronics, medical coatings and the like. The zinc oxide is produced mainly by a direct method and an indirect method, the diameter of zinc oxide particles produced by the indirect method is 0.1-10 microns, the purity is 99.5-99.7%, and high-grade products such as high-grade products in the rubber electronics industry mostly use indirect zinc oxide with the purity as high as 99.7%.
The production method of the indirect zinc oxide comprises the following steps: placing materials containing metallic zinc (such as zinc ingots, zinc slag, crude zinc, zinc ash and the like) into a melting crucible, heating to 600-700 ℃ for melting, introducing into an evaporating crucible with the temperature higher than 907 ℃ (usually about 1000 ℃) for evaporating to form zinc steam, outputting the zinc steam, oxidizing the zinc steam by oxygen in the air to generate zinc oxide, generating shiny light in the oxidation process along with temperature reduction, then enabling zinc oxide particles to reach cyclone separation in a dust collection chamber through a cooling conveying pipe, and collecting fine particles by using a cloth bag to obtain the zinc oxide finished product.
The control of heat transfer at the crucible in zinc oxide production is a great importance in improving zinc oxide yield and zinc oxide quality. If the temperature of the melting crucible cannot be too high, or else, a large amount of vaporization of molten zinc in the melting crucible is easy to occur in the melting stage, and in view of the fact that an impurity layer exists on the surface of the molten zinc in the melting crucible, the partially vaporized zinc vapor becomes an equal-quality zinc oxide mixed with more impurities after oxidation, so that serious waste of zinc resources is caused, and the yield of zinc oxide is reduced. In addition, if the evaporating crucible is internally provided with a continuous high temperature, the vapor pressure sprayed from a nozzle on the evaporating crucible is maintained, the vaporization yield is ensured, and the vaporization rate of the zinc liquid is improved and the zinc oxide yield is further improved by increasing the temperature in the evaporating crucible. In order to reduce the cost of raw materials, more zinc slag is used in raw materials for zinc oxide production, more iron elements are contained in the zinc slag, obvious iron scales are accumulated on the inner wall of the evaporating crucible after the evaporating crucible is operated for a certain period of time, the iron scales can influence the heat transfer efficiency, the yield is influenced, and the evaporating crucible must be disassembled and cleaned periodically.
In actual production, the melting crucible and the evaporating crucible are positioned in the same hearth, as shown in fig. 5-7, the evaporating crucible directly receives the heat of natural gas combustion, and the melting crucible is heated and melted by the residual flue gas after heat transfer at the evaporating crucible. When the vaporization rate of the zinc liquid needs to be increased and the heat transfer at the evaporating crucible is needed to be increased, the heat supply is mainly realized by increasing the air inflow of natural gas and combustion air, but the natural gas consumption is increased, the production cost is increased, the heat content of the residual heat transfer smoke at the evaporating crucible is correspondingly increased, the vaporization at the melting crucible is increased, the zinc resource waste is increased, the zinc oxide yield is reduced, the heating at the evaporating crucible is increased, more black particle impurities appear in the finally obtained zinc oxide, the product appearance is influenced, and even the product performance is influenced.
Thus, zinc oxide production is currently being stabilized at substantially fixed heat transfer levels, and zinc oxide production is difficult to further increase. Therefore, how to further improve the heat transfer mode according to the existing hearth and crucible structure, so as to reduce zinc resource waste in the melting stage and reduce the content of black particle impurities in the zinc oxide product while improving the yield, and the method becomes a main problem that the bottleneck is broken through in the zinc oxide production by the indirect method in the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the improved heat transfer method for zinc oxide production, which can improve the yield of zinc oxide, reduce the content of black particle impurities in zinc oxide, is beneficial to reducing natural gas consumption and can reduce the cleaning frequency of furnace disassembly.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method is used for improving continuous production of zinc steam by a melting crucible and an evaporating crucible in a hearth, wherein an evaporating base used for being supported by the evaporating crucible is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, a gas channel used for spraying and burning gas to the evaporating crucible is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, and a tail gas channel is arranged on the side wall of the hearth, which is positioned on the melting crucible, and comprises an air supply heat increasing improvement, a steam heating improvement and a melting heat stabilizing improvement;
the air supply heat increasing improvement comprises: heating combustion air at the tail gas channel by using a heat exchange device, and feeding the heated combustion air into the gas channel to be mixed with natural gas;
the steam heating improvement comprises: lowering the height of the evaporation base; the cross section area of the evaporating crucible is kept unchanged, the height of the evaporating crucible is increased, the increased height of the evaporating crucible is equal to the reduced height of the evaporating base, the heated area of the evaporating crucible is increased, and the vaporization rate of zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible is improved;
the melting stabilization improvement comprises: increasing the volume of the melting crucible according to the rate of vaporization of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible; and keeping the volume of the melting crucible after the increase unchanged, adjusting the radius and the height of the cross section of the melting crucible, and changing the heated area of the melting crucible.
As a preferable technical scheme, the method for changing the heated area of the melting crucible in the melting heat stabilization improvement comprises the following steps:
when the melting rate in the melting crucible is reduced, if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is smaller thanDecreasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and increasing the height of the melting crucible if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is greater than +.>Increasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and decreasing the height of the melting crucible;
when the vaporization of the zinc liquid in the melting crucible is increased, if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible is smaller thanThe melting is increasedMelting the cross-sectional radius of the crucible and reducing the height of the melting crucible if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is greater than +.>Decreasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and increasing the height of the melting crucible;
wherein V is the increased volume of the melting crucible.
As a preferable technical scheme, the bottom of the hearth is also provided with a melting base for being seated against the melting crucible, and when the height of the melting crucible is adjusted, the melting base is matched by increasing or decreasing the height of the melting base.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the steam heating improvement, the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible is increased at the same time, and the increasing proportion of the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible is not larger than the increasing proportion of the height of the evaporating crucible.
As a preferable technical scheme, the evaporation base comprises at least two refractory brick layers which are piled up sequentially from bottom to top, and the height of the evaporation base is reduced by reducing the number of layers of the refractory brick layers in the steam heating improvement.
As a preferable technical scheme, the heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange cavity communicated with the tail gas channel, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the heat exchange cavity, and a tail gas discharge channel is arranged on the side wall of the heat exchange cavity, which is positioned on one side of the heat exchange tubes far away from the tail gas channel; one end of the heat exchange tube is connected with an air inlet air distribution box, the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected with an air outlet air distribution box, and the air outlet air distribution box is connected with the gas channel pipeline.
As a preferable technical scheme, the heat exchange tubes are staggered along the flow direction of the tail gas.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the combustion air is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the tail gas of the hearth, and the combustion air carries more heat to participate in the spraying and burning at the evaporating crucible, so that the heat at the evaporating crucible is obviously improved, the temperature of zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible is improved, the vaporization of the zinc liquid is promoted, and meanwhile, the sufficient heat is also beneficial to reducing the consumption of natural gas, so that the purpose of reducing the consumption of the natural gas is achieved;
(2) The bottom height of the evaporating crucible is reduced along with the evaporating base, the heated area in the hearth is increased, more heat can be received in the evaporating crucible under the condition that the spraying heat is increased, the temperature of zinc liquid is increased, the vaporization rate of the zinc liquid is increased, and therefore the yield rate of zinc oxide and the yield are increased;
(3) The integral height of the evaporating crucible is increased, and meanwhile, the inner surface area is increased, so that the time for accumulating and covering the inner surface of the evaporating crucible by iron element in zinc liquid is prolonged, the operation time of a single boiler is prolonged, the furnace disassembly cleaning frequency is reduced, the furnace disassembly cleaning time is shortened for each time which requires several days, and the furnace shutdown time is shortened, so that the integral yield of zinc oxide is promoted;
(4) The increase of the whole height of the evaporating crucible also increases the height difference between the liquid level of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible and the upper nozzle, and the increase of the height difference is equivalent to the increase of the lifting path for the black particle impurities lifted along with the rising of the zinc liquid, so that the black particle impurities are easier to fall back into the zinc liquid due to insufficient lifting power, thereby improving the vaporization rate of the zinc liquid and obviously reducing the output of the black particle impurities;
(5) The vaporization rate of the melting crucible is matched with that of the evaporating crucible to improve the melting volume, and the vaporization of the zinc liquid in the melting crucible is not increased while the required melting rate is achieved by adjusting the radius and the height of the cross section, so that the improvement of the yield of zinc oxide is ensured.
Drawings
The following drawings are only for purposes of illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the A-A structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the B-B structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the C-C structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a prior art furnace and crucible;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the D-D structure of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the E-E structure of fig. 5.
In the figure: 1-a hearth; 11-a gas channel; 12-tail gas channel; 2-melting the crucible; 21-melting the base; 3-evaporating the crucible; 31-upper nozzle; 32-evaporating the base; 33-a layer of refractory bricks; a 4-oxidation chamber; 5-heat exchange means; 51-heat exchange chamber; 52-heat exchange tubes; 53-an air inlet distribution box; 54, an air outlet distribution box; 55-exhaust gas discharge channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following detailed description, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described by way of illustration only. It is needless to say that the person skilled in the art realizes that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive in scope.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4 together, the method for improving heat transfer in zinc oxide production is used for improving continuous production of zinc vapor by a melting crucible 2 and an evaporating crucible 3 in a hearth 1, an evaporating base 32 for being seated against the evaporating crucible 3 is arranged at the bottom of the hearth 1, a gas channel 11 for spraying gas to the evaporating crucible 3 is arranged at the bottom of the hearth 1, and a tail gas channel 12 is arranged on the side wall of the hearth 1, which is positioned at the melting crucible 2.
Conventionally, four evaporation crucibles 3 are arranged in a rectangular shape in the furnace 1, the nozzle of the gas channel 11 is located between the four evaporation crucibles 3, and after natural gas is ignited, the gas channel 11 can spray the near side positions of the middle lower parts of the four evaporation crucibles 3 at the same time. One melting crucible 2 is respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the four evaporating crucibles 3 in the hearth 1, and the two evaporating crucibles 3 near the melting crucible 2 output molten zinc. The evaporation crucible 3 directly receives the heat of natural gas spraying and burning, residual flue gas reaches the melting crucible 2 after heat transfer for heat transfer, and residual tail gas is discharged from the tail gas channel 12 after heat transfer at the melting crucible 2. The zinc vapor evaporated from the evaporating crucible 3 is sprayed into the oxidation chamber 4 from the upper nozzle 31 to be oxidized to generate zinc oxide.
The improved method comprises the steps of gas supply heat increment improvement, steam heating improvement and melting heat stabilization improvement.
The air supply heat increasing improvement comprises: the tail gas channel 12 is provided with a heat exchange device 5 to heat the combustion air by tail gas, the heated combustion air is supplied into the gas channel 11 to be mixed with natural gas, so that the waste heat of the tail gas of the hearth 1 can be utilized to heat the combustion air, the combustion air carries more heat to participate in the spraying of the evaporating crucible 3, the heat of the evaporating crucible 3 is obviously improved, the temperature of zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible 3 is favorably improved, the vaporization of the zinc liquid is promoted, and meanwhile, the sufficient heat is also favorable for reducing the consumption of the natural gas, so that the purpose of reducing the consumption of the natural gas is achieved.
The heat exchange device 5 comprises a heat exchange cavity 51 communicated with the tail gas channel 12, and the heat exchange cavity 51 can be formed by stacking refractory bricks; a plurality of heat exchange tubes 52 are arranged in the heat exchange cavity 51, and a tail gas discharge channel 55 is arranged on the side wall of the heat exchange cavity 51, which is positioned on one side of the heat exchange tubes 52 away from the tail gas channel 12; an air inlet distribution box 53 is commonly connected to one end of the heat exchange tube 52, an air outlet distribution box 54 is commonly connected to the other end of the heat exchange tube 52, and the air outlet distribution box 54 is connected to the gas channel 11 through a pipeline.
The exhaust gas outputted from the exhaust gas passage 12 is heat-exchanged with the combustion air in the heat exchanging pipe 52 while flowing to the exhaust gas discharge passage 55, that is, the exhaust gas transfers part of the heat to the combustion air. Preferably, the heat exchange tubes 52 are staggered along the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the blocking effect on the flow of the exhaust gas is formed by the staggered arrangement, so that the exhaust gas can stay in the heat exchange cavity 51 for a longer time, and the heat exchange with the combustion air is further promoted. The air inlet and distributing box 53 may be connected to an air inlet fan or the like to promote active flow of combustion air, which is easily known to those skilled in the art according to the known technology, and is not described herein and is not shown in the drawings.
The steam heating improvement comprises: lowering the height of the evaporation base 32; the cross-sectional area of the evaporation crucible 3 is kept unchanged, the height of the evaporation crucible 3 is increased, and the increased height of the evaporation crucible 3 is equal to the lowered height of the evaporation base 32. The evaporation crucible 3 uses the space of the existing hearth 1 to increase the inner surface area of the hearth 1, namely the heated area of the evaporation crucible 3 is increased, so that the evaporation crucible 3 can receive more heat for heating the zinc liquid in the interior, the vaporization rate of the zinc liquid in the evaporation crucible 3 is increased, and accordingly the yield of zinc oxide is also increased. Wherein, the height and cross-sectional area of the evaporating crucible 3 referred to herein correspond to the external dimensions of the evaporating crucible, and when the evaporating crucible 3 has a structure in which the cross-section varies in the height direction, it is preferable that the entire portion of the original evaporating crucible 3 located below the upper nozzle 31 is kept unchanged, and the required height is increased between the maintained portion and the upper nozzle 31.
The heating area is increased, the vaporization rate is improved, the integral height of the evaporating crucible 3 is increased, the inner surface area of the evaporating crucible 3 is increased, so that the accumulated coverage time of iron element in zinc liquid on the inner surface of the evaporating crucible 3 is prolonged, the operation time of a single boiler can be prolonged, the furnace disassembly cleaning frequency is reduced, the furnace disassembly cleaning time is shortened for each time requiring several days, and the integral yield of zinc oxide is improved.
In addition, the increase of the whole height of the evaporating crucible 3 increases the height difference between the liquid level of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible 3 and the upper nozzle 31, and the increase of the height difference is equivalent to the increase of the lifting distance for the black particle impurities lifted along with the rising of the zinc liquid, so that the black particle impurities are easier to fall back into the zinc liquid due to insufficient lifting power finally.
Preferably, in the steam heating improvement, the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible 3 is increased at the same time, and the increasing proportion of the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible 3 is not larger than the increasing proportion of the height of the evaporating crucible 3. For example, the original evaporating crucible 3 has a height of 900mm and a wall thickness of 48mm, and when the evaporating crucible 3 is increased to a height of 960mm, the height increasing ratio is (960-900)/900=6.7%, and then the wall thickness increasing ratio is not more than the ratio, and may be selected to be 49-51 mm, and preferably 50mm, so that the sufficient supporting strength of the evaporating crucible 3 is ensured when the zinc liquid level in the evaporating crucible 3 is abnormally raised, and the good heat transfer effect of the pot wall of the evaporating crucible 3 is ensured.
Preferably, the evaporation base 32 comprises at least two refractory brick layers 33 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the height of the evaporation base 32 is reduced by reducing the number of layers of the refractory brick layers 33 in the steam heating improvement. For example, when using a refractory brick with a thickness of 60mm, the height of the evaporating crucible 3 can be reduced by just one layer of refractory brick 33 when increasing the height of the evaporating crucible 3 from 900mm to 960mm according to the steam heating improvement. Of course, when the increased height of the evaporating crucible 3 cannot be achieved by simply reducing the number of refractory brick layers 33, it can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the mortar layer between the remaining refractory brick layers 33, using refractory bricks of different thicknesses, etc.
The melting crucible 2 and the evaporating crucible 3 are in the same hearth 1, and the gas channel 11 is increased in the heat of burning, so that the flue gas at the melting crucible 2 also carries more heat, and the improvement of the vaporization rate in the evaporating crucible 3 also requires the melting crucible 2 to increase the output of molten zinc to match, so that the heat transfer improvement between the evaporating crucible 3 and the melting crucible 2 should be designed in an overall way.
The melting stabilization improvement comprises: increasing the volume of the melting crucible 2 according to the rate of vaporization of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible 3; the melting crucible 2 is provided with an increase in vaporization rate matching the vaporization crucible 3, and the increase in volume of the melting crucible 2 is preferably performed while ensuring the melting rate and not increasing vaporization in the melting stage; the increase in volume of melting crucible 2 is readily obtained by accumulating a variation in the output of zinc vapour at nozzle 31 of said evaporating crucible 3, as is well known to the person skilled in the art, and is not described in detail herein.
Keeping the increased volume of the melting crucible 2 unchanged, a reasonable heating area is in turn provided to ensure the matching of the melting rate and the stabilization of the vaporization of the molten zinc at the melting crucible 2. The invention achieves the above object by adjusting the radius and height of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 and changing the heated area of the melting crucible 2. Preferably, the bottom of the furnace 1 is also provided with a melting base 21 for resting on the melting crucible 2, and when the height of the melting crucible 2 is adjusted, the melting base 21 is increased or decreased to perform a fit, which is easily obtained by a person skilled in the art through the principle that the heated area is increased by increasing the height of the evaporating crucible 3, and will not be described herein.
For the melting crucible 2, the heated area is mainly from the area of the side and bottom surfaces not covered by the melting base 21, namely:
；
wherein: v is the increased volume of the melting crucible 2;
r is the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2;
S 0 is the area of the bottom surface of the melting crucible 2 that is shielded by the melting base 21.
The heated area of the melting crucible 2, at its cross-sectional radius r=At the time, the heating area of the melting crucible 2 is at (0, < >>) The range decreases with increasing cross-sectional radius, in +>, + -infinity) Range of inner following cross section the radius increases and increases. Thus, the method of changing the heated area of the melting crucible 2 in the melting stabilization improvement is the following method.
When the melting rate in the melting crucible 2 is reduced, the vaporization rate in the melting crucible 2 is also slowed down, if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 is smaller thanDecreasing the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 and increasing the height of the melting crucible 2 if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 is greater than +.>The cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible 2 is increased and the height of the melting crucible 2 is reduced. Through the adjustment, the heated area of the melting crucible 2 is increased, the melting rate is improved, the supply requirement of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible 3 is met, and the vaporization amount of the zinc liquid in the melting stage does not exceed a specified value.
When the vaporization of the zinc liquid in the melting crucible 2 increases, the melting rate in the melting crucible 2 is higher, if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 is smaller thanIncreasing the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 and decreasing the height of the melting crucible 2 if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible 2 is greater than +.>The cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible 2 is reduced and the height of the melting crucible 2 is increased. Through the adjustment, the heating area of the melting crucible 2 is reduced, the melting rate is reduced, and the vaporization amount of the molten zinc in the melting stage is reduced while the supply requirement of the molten zinc in the evaporating crucible 3 is met.
The invention utilizes the waste heat of tail gas to heat the combustion air, increases the height of the evaporating crucible 3 to increase heating and adjusts the height diameter of the melting crucible 2, thereby achieving the effects of comprehensively improving the heat transfer condition on the basis of the existing hearth 1, reducing natural gas consumption, reducing the content of black particles in zinc oxide products and reducing the cleaning frequency of the furnace disassembly while improving the yield.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a zinc oxide production heat transfer improves method for in furnace melt crucible and evaporation crucible continuous production zinc steam's improvement, the bottom of furnace is equipped with and is used for the seat to evaporate the evaporation base of crucible, the bottom of furnace is equipped with and is used for to evaporation crucible carries out the gas passageway that the gas was spouted and burns, be located on the furnace melt crucible's the lateral wall department is equipped with tail gas passageway, its characterized in that: including gas supply heat enhancement improvement, steam heating improvement and melting heat stabilization improvement;
the air supply heat increasing improvement comprises: heating combustion air at the tail gas channel by using a heat exchange device, and feeding the heated combustion air into the gas channel to be mixed with natural gas;
the steam heating improvement comprises: lowering the height of the evaporation base; the cross section area of the evaporating crucible is kept unchanged, the height of the evaporating crucible is increased, the increased height of the evaporating crucible is equal to the reduced height of the evaporating base, the heated area of the evaporating crucible is increased, and the vaporization rate of zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible is improved;
the melting stabilization improvement comprises: increasing the volume of the melting crucible according to the rate of vaporization of the zinc liquid in the evaporating crucible; and keeping the volume of the melting crucible after the increase unchanged, adjusting the radius and the height of the cross section of the melting crucible, and changing the heated area of the melting crucible.
2. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 1, wherein: the method for changing the heated area of the melting crucible in the melting stable heat improvement comprises the following steps:
when the melting rate in the melting crucible is reduced, if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is smaller thanDecreasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and increasing the height of the melting crucible if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is greater than +.>Increasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and decreasing the height of the melting crucible;
when the vaporization of the zinc liquid in the melting crucible is increased, if the radius of the cross section of the melting crucible is smaller thanIncreasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and decreasing the height of the melting crucible if the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible is greater than +.>Decreasing the cross-sectional radius of the melting crucible and increasing the height of the melting crucible;
wherein V is the increased volume of the melting crucible.
3. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom of the hearth is also provided with a melting base for being seated against the melting crucible, and when the height of the melting crucible is adjusted, the melting base is matched by increasing or decreasing the height of the melting base.
4. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the steam heating improvement, the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible is increased at the same time, and the increasing proportion of the wall thickness of the evaporating crucible is not larger than the increasing proportion of the height of the evaporating crucible.
5. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 1, wherein: the evaporation base comprises at least two refractory brick layers which are piled up sequentially from bottom to top, and the height of the evaporation base is reduced by reducing the number of layers of the refractory brick layers in steam heating improvement.
6. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange cavity communicated with the tail gas channel, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the heat exchange cavity, and a tail gas discharge channel is arranged on the side wall of the heat exchange cavity, which is positioned on one side of the heat exchange tubes far away from the tail gas channel; one end of the heat exchange tube is connected with an air inlet air distribution box, the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected with an air outlet air distribution box, and the air outlet air distribution box is connected with the gas channel pipeline.
7. The zinc oxide production heat transfer improving method according to claim 6, wherein: the heat exchange tubes are staggered along the flow direction of the tail gas.
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| CN216502360U (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-05-13 | 扬州新达再生资源科技有限公司 | Zinc block vaporizing and evaporating device |
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| CN204454656U (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 张家港市双龙氧化锌厂 | A kind of kiln for the production of zinc oxide |
| CN110627109A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-31 | 扬州振中锌业有限公司 | Heat exchange type zinc oxide preparation device |
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