CN117548084A - 一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用,属于空气净化吸附技术领域。本发明的球形活性炭晶由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭10%‑80%,高粘土5%‑60%,沸石1%‑15%,贝壳粉1%‑20%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂0.1%‑2%,抗压强度增强剂0.1%‑2%。本发明球形活性炭晶原料来源广泛,制备成分低廉,加工过程方便,具有成本低、理化性质好、吸附效果优良的优点,能够有效吸附空气中的苯、甲醛及TVOC,有效净化空气,提升空气质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气净化吸附技术领域,尤其涉及一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
室内空气污染可将其分为:可吸入固体颗粒物,包括粉尘、烟尘;有害无机小分子气体,有一氧化碳、甲醛、苯酚等;有害有机大分子;细菌病毒等致病微生物。吸附法作为净化空气的主要途径,具有应用范围广、应用方便、价格便宜等优点。但吸附法(物理吸附法)也存在着吸附效果单一、吸附性差、吸附能力补偿存在困难、二次污染等问题。
活性炭是一种广泛使用的吸附剂,多孔,堆积密度低,比表面积大,主要用于吸附有害气体、滤去不溶性、吸附一些可溶性物质。然而,当前市售的活性炭空气吸附剂普遍吸附能力差;此外,专利CN 102641721 A公开了一种复合球形活性炭吸附剂,对活性炭晶的理化性质进行了优化改良,但对空气污染物的吸附效果依旧较差;专利CN 109985601 A公开了一种用于挥发性有机物吸附的活性炭纤维吸附剂,虽然吸附效果好,但吸附剂原材料价格昂贵,且加工工艺复杂。因此,当前亟需一种兼具原料价格低廉、加工制备方便、理化性质好、吸附性能优良的活性炭吸附剂。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用,加工成本低,吸附效果好,能够吸附空气中的苯、甲醛及TVOC,有效净化空气。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种球形活性炭晶,由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭10%-80%,高粘土5%-60%,沸石1%-15%,贝壳粉1%-20%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂0.1%-2%,抗压强度增强剂0.1%-2%。
优选的是,由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭30%-60%,高粘土20%-50%,沸石5%-10%,贝壳粉5%-12%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂1%-1.5%,抗压强度增强剂1%-1.5%。
优选的是,所述高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种。
优选的是,所述水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。
优选的是,所述抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述的球形活性炭晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将主体成分混合,按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒,再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固,经干燥、吹粉抛光,焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。
优选的是,所述焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h。
优选的是,所述球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm。
本发明还提供了所述的球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用;所述球形活性炭晶对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶,主体成分为活性炭、高粘土、沸石和贝壳粉,来源广泛,价格低廉。
本发明的球形活性炭晶不仅利于包装,抗压强度高,还具有较好的空气净化能力,对空气中的苯、甲醛、TVOC的吸附率(去除率)能够达到95%以上。
本发明的球形活性炭晶制备过程简单,制造工艺需求低,适合产业大规模推广应用。
本发明的球形活性炭晶应用范围广泛,绿色环保,可直接应用于室内、汽车内、工厂车间等环境中,且吸附效果持续时间长。
附图说明
图1为本发明球形活性炭晶产品。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶,由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭10%-80%,高粘土5%-60%,沸石1%-15%,贝壳粉1%-20%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂0.1%-2%,抗压强度增强剂0.1%-2%;进一步优选由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭30%-60%,高粘土20%-50%,沸石5%-10%,贝壳粉5%-12%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂1%-1.5%,抗压强度增强剂1%-1.5%;更优选由以下成分制成:主体成分wt%:活性炭45%,高粘土37%,沸石8%,贝壳粉10%;外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂1%,抗压强度增强剂1%。
本发明对活性炭的来源没有特殊限定,作为一种可实施方式,可以植物秸秆、枝干(如小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、竹竿)为原料,经过高温烧制而成。本发明对高粘土、沸石、贝壳粉的来源没有特殊限定,可通过商业途径获得。
本发明优选高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种;进一步优选高岭石类包括高岭土、多水高岭土、珍珠陶土,微晶高岭石类包括蒙脱石、膨润土,水云母类包括绢云母、伊利水云母。
本发明优选水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。水溶性胶黏剂能够提升活性炭和高粘土的粘合能力,提升成球胚体的强度和粒度。
本发明优选抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。抗压强度增强剂能够提升活性炭晶的抗压强度,降低落粉率,延长使用寿命。
本发明还提供了球形活性炭晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将主体成分混合,按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒,再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固,经干燥、吹粉抛光,焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。本发明对造粒的具体方式没有特殊限定,作为一种可实施方式,使用旋转式自动成球机造粒;本发明对吹粉抛光的具体方式没有特殊限定,作为一种可实施方式,使用专用吹粉机通过压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光。
本发明优选制备前,主要成分活性炭、高粘土、沸石、贝壳粉的粒径≤80目。
本发明优选干燥方式为自然干燥,进一步优选干燥至抗压强度增强剂稳定附着于成球配体表面。
本发明优选焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h,进一步优选500℃焙烧1.5h。
本发明优选球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm,进一步优选粒径为2-3mm,更优选粒径为2.5mm。
本发明还提供了球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用;球形活性炭晶能够对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。本发明对球形活性炭晶的应用场所没有特殊限定,可放置于室内、汽车内、工厂车间内等空间。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种球形活性炭晶,制备方法如下:
(1)配料:将45kg活性炭(竹炭)、高岭土20kg、膨润土17kg、贝壳粉10kg、沸石8kg混合均匀;
(2)造粒:将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基纤维素1kg溶于水制成水溶液,与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中,制成成球胚体;
(3)包覆加固:将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钾1kg溶于水制成水溶液,喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固,晾制自然干燥;
(4)吹粉抛光:将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光;
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉,500℃焙烧1.5h,制成球形活性炭晶,粒径1-4mm;
(6)检验,包装入库。
实施例2
一种球形活性炭晶,制备方法如下:
(1)配料:将80kg活性炭(竹炭)、高岭土5kg、贝壳粉8kg、沸石7kg混合均匀;
(2)造粒:将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基纤维素1kg、聚乙烯醇1kg溶于水制成水溶液,与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中,制成成球胚体;
(3)包覆加固:将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钾1kg、氢氧化铝1kg溶于水制成水溶液,喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固,晾制自然干燥;
(4)吹粉抛光:将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光;
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉,350℃焙烧2h,制成球形活性炭晶,粒径1-4mm;
(6)检验,包装入库。
实施例3
一种球形活性炭晶,制备方法如下:
(1)配料:将10kg活性炭(竹炭)、珍珠陶土20kg、膨润土20kg、绢云母15kg、贝壳粉20kg、沸石15kg混合均匀;
(2)造粒:将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基淀粉0.1kg溶于水制成水溶液,与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中,制成成球胚体;
(3)包覆加固:将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钠0.1kg溶于水制成水溶液,喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固,晾制自然干燥;
(4)吹粉抛光:将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光;
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉,650℃焙烧1h,制成球形活性炭晶,粒径1-4mm;
(6)检验,包装入库。
实施例4
一种球形活性炭晶,制备方法如下:
(1)配料:将78kg活性炭(竹炭)、膨润土20kg、贝壳粉1kg、沸石1kg混合均匀;
(2)造粒:将水溶性溶胶剂聚丙烯酰胺0.2kg、乙基纤维素0.3kg溶于水制成水溶液,与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中,制成成球胚体;
(3)包覆加固:将抗压强度增强剂氢氧化铝1kg、硅酸钠0.5kg溶于水制成水溶液,喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固,晾制自然干燥;
(4)吹粉抛光:将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光;
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉,550℃焙烧1.5h,制成球形活性炭晶,粒径1-4mm;
(6)检验,包装入库。
实施例5
不同活性炭吸附剂对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能比较
分别于市场采购活性炭空气吸附剂,记为“市售产品”;按照CN102641721A实施例9制备活性炭吸附剂,记为“复合球形活性炭”;按照本发明实施例1制备活性炭吸附剂,记为“球形活性炭晶”。各活性炭吸附剂分别取1kg样品,依据《室内空气净化产品净化效果测定方法》(QB/T2761-2006),放入1.5m3试验舱内进行检测,吸附时间为24h,测定不同活性炭吸附剂对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能,结果如表1所示。
表1不同活性炭产品对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能比较
根据表1可以看出,相较于市售的活性炭吸附剂及现有技术制备的复合球形活性炭,本发明在主体成分中额外添加了沸石和贝壳粉,能够进一步优化活性炭的吸附性能,制成的球形活性炭晶对甲醛、苯和TVOC均有较好的吸附效果,吸附能力(去除率)达到95%以上。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种球形活性炭晶,其特征在于,由以下成分制成:
主体成分wt%:活性炭10%-80%,高粘土5%-60%,沸石1%-15%,贝壳粉1%-20%;
外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂0.1%-2%,抗压强度增强剂0.1%-2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球形活性炭晶,其特征在于,由以下成分制成:
主体成分wt%:活性炭30%-60%,高粘土20%-50%,沸石5%-10%,贝壳粉5%-12%;
外加成分,以主体成分wt%计:水溶性胶黏剂1%-1.5%,抗压强度增强剂1%-1.5%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶,其特征在于,所述高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶,其特征在于,所述水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶,其特征在于,所述抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。
6.权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将主体成分混合,按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒,再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固,经干燥、吹粉抛光,焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm。
9.权利要求1-5任意一项所述的球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述球形活性炭晶对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。
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