CN117548084A - 一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用，属于空气净化吸附技术领域。本发明的球形活性炭晶由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭10％‑80％，高粘土5％‑60％，沸石1％‑15％，贝壳粉1％‑20％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂0.1％‑2％，抗压强度增强剂0.1％‑2％。本发明球形活性炭晶原料来源广泛，制备成分低廉，加工过程方便，具有成本低、理化性质好、吸附效果优良的优点，能够有效吸附空气中的苯、甲醛及TVOC，有效净化空气，提升空气质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气净化吸附技术领域，尤其涉及一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
室内空气污染可将其分为：可吸入固体颗粒物，包括粉尘、烟尘；有害无机小分子气体，有一氧化碳、甲醛、苯酚等；有害有机大分子；细菌病毒等致病微生物。吸附法作为净化空气的主要途径，具有应用范围广、应用方便、价格便宜等优点。但吸附法(物理吸附法)也存在着吸附效果单一、吸附性差、吸附能力补偿存在困难、二次污染等问题。
活性炭是一种广泛使用的吸附剂，多孔，堆积密度低，比表面积大，主要用于吸附有害气体、滤去不溶性、吸附一些可溶性物质。然而，当前市售的活性炭空气吸附剂普遍吸附能力差；此外，专利CN 102641721 A公开了一种复合球形活性炭吸附剂，对活性炭晶的理化性质进行了优化改良，但对空气污染物的吸附效果依旧较差；专利CN 109985601 A公开了一种用于挥发性有机物吸附的活性炭纤维吸附剂，虽然吸附效果好，但吸附剂原材料价格昂贵，且加工工艺复杂。因此，当前亟需一种兼具原料价格低廉、加工制备方便、理化性质好、吸附性能优良的活性炭吸附剂。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种球形活性炭晶、制备方法及其应用，加工成本低，吸附效果好，能够吸附空气中的苯、甲醛及TVOC，有效净化空气。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种球形活性炭晶，由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭10％-80％，高粘土5％-60％，沸石1％-15％，贝壳粉1％-20％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂0.1％-2％，抗压强度增强剂0.1％-2％。
优选的是，由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭30％-60％，高粘土20％-50％，沸石5％-10％，贝壳粉5％-12％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂1％-1.5％，抗压强度增强剂1％-1.5％。
优选的是，所述高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种。
优选的是，所述水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。
优选的是，所述抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述的球形活性炭晶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将主体成分混合，按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒，再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固，经干燥、吹粉抛光，焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。
优选的是，所述焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h。
优选的是，所述球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm。
本发明还提供了所述的球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用；所述球形活性炭晶对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶，主体成分为活性炭、高粘土、沸石和贝壳粉，来源广泛，价格低廉。
本发明的球形活性炭晶不仅利于包装，抗压强度高，还具有较好的空气净化能力，对空气中的苯、甲醛、TVOC的吸附率(去除率)能够达到95％以上。
本发明的球形活性炭晶制备过程简单，制造工艺需求低，适合产业大规模推广应用。
本发明的球形活性炭晶应用范围广泛，绿色环保，可直接应用于室内、汽车内、工厂车间等环境中，且吸附效果持续时间长。
附图说明
图1为本发明球形活性炭晶产品。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种球形活性炭晶，由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭10％-80％，高粘土5％-60％，沸石1％-15％，贝壳粉1％-20％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂0.1％-2％，抗压强度增强剂0.1％-2％；进一步优选由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭30％-60％，高粘土20％-50％，沸石5％-10％，贝壳粉5％-12％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂1％-1.5％，抗压强度增强剂1％-1.5％；更优选由以下成分制成：主体成分wt％：活性炭45％，高粘土37％，沸石8％，贝壳粉10％；外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂1％，抗压强度增强剂1％。
本发明对活性炭的来源没有特殊限定，作为一种可实施方式，可以植物秸秆、枝干(如小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、竹竿)为原料，经过高温烧制而成。本发明对高粘土、沸石、贝壳粉的来源没有特殊限定，可通过商业途径获得。
本发明优选高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种；进一步优选高岭石类包括高岭土、多水高岭土、珍珠陶土，微晶高岭石类包括蒙脱石、膨润土，水云母类包括绢云母、伊利水云母。
本发明优选水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。水溶性胶黏剂能够提升活性炭和高粘土的粘合能力，提升成球胚体的强度和粒度。
本发明优选抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。抗压强度增强剂能够提升活性炭晶的抗压强度，降低落粉率，延长使用寿命。
本发明还提供了球形活性炭晶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将主体成分混合，按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒，再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固，经干燥、吹粉抛光，焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。本发明对造粒的具体方式没有特殊限定，作为一种可实施方式，使用旋转式自动成球机造粒；本发明对吹粉抛光的具体方式没有特殊限定，作为一种可实施方式，使用专用吹粉机通过压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光。
本发明优选制备前，主要成分活性炭、高粘土、沸石、贝壳粉的粒径≤80目。
本发明优选干燥方式为自然干燥，进一步优选干燥至抗压强度增强剂稳定附着于成球配体表面。
本发明优选焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h，进一步优选500℃焙烧1.5h。
本发明优选球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm，进一步优选粒径为2-3mm，更优选粒径为2.5mm。
本发明还提供了球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用；球形活性炭晶能够对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。本发明对球形活性炭晶的应用场所没有特殊限定，可放置于室内、汽车内、工厂车间内等空间。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种球形活性炭晶，制备方法如下：
(1)配料：将45kg活性炭(竹炭)、高岭土20kg、膨润土17kg、贝壳粉10kg、沸石8kg混合均匀；
(2)造粒：将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基纤维素1kg溶于水制成水溶液，与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中，制成成球胚体；
(3)包覆加固：将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钾1kg溶于水制成水溶液，喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固，晾制自然干燥；
(4)吹粉抛光：将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光；
(5)焙烧：将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉，500℃焙烧1.5h，制成球形活性炭晶，粒径1-4mm；
(6)检验，包装入库。
实施例2
一种球形活性炭晶，制备方法如下：
(1)配料：将80kg活性炭(竹炭)、高岭土5kg、贝壳粉8kg、沸石7kg混合均匀；
(2)造粒：将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基纤维素1kg、聚乙烯醇1kg溶于水制成水溶液，与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中，制成成球胚体；
(3)包覆加固：将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钾1kg、氢氧化铝1kg溶于水制成水溶液，喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固，晾制自然干燥；
(4)吹粉抛光：将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光；
(5)焙烧：将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉，350℃焙烧2h，制成球形活性炭晶，粒径1-4mm；
(6)检验，包装入库。
实施例3
一种球形活性炭晶，制备方法如下：
(1)配料：将10kg活性炭(竹炭)、珍珠陶土20kg、膨润土20kg、绢云母15kg、贝壳粉20kg、沸石15kg混合均匀；
(2)造粒：将水溶性溶胶剂羧甲基淀粉0.1kg溶于水制成水溶液，与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中，制成成球胚体；
(3)包覆加固：将抗压强度增强剂硅酸钠0.1kg溶于水制成水溶液，喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固，晾制自然干燥；
(4)吹粉抛光：将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光；
(5)焙烧：将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉，650℃焙烧1h，制成球形活性炭晶，粒径1-4mm；
(6)检验，包装入库。
实施例4
一种球形活性炭晶，制备方法如下：
(1)配料：将78kg活性炭(竹炭)、膨润土20kg、贝壳粉1kg、沸石1kg混合均匀；
(2)造粒：将水溶性溶胶剂聚丙烯酰胺0.2kg、乙基纤维素0.3kg溶于水制成水溶液，与步骤(1)的配料混合后转移到旋转式自动成球机中，制成成球胚体；
(3)包覆加固：将抗压强度增强剂氢氧化铝1kg、硅酸钠0.5kg溶于水制成水溶液，喷洒到步骤(2)的成球胚体上进行包覆加固，晾制自然干燥；
(4)吹粉抛光：将步骤(3)干燥后的胚体转移到专用的吹粉器中用压缩空气吹掉粉尘抛光；
(5)焙烧：将步骤(4)的成球胚体转移至焙烧炉，550℃焙烧1.5h，制成球形活性炭晶，粒径1-4mm；
(6)检验，包装入库。
实施例5
不同活性炭吸附剂对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能比较
分别于市场采购活性炭空气吸附剂，记为“市售产品”；按照CN102641721A实施例9制备活性炭吸附剂，记为“复合球形活性炭”；按照本发明实施例1制备活性炭吸附剂，记为“球形活性炭晶”。各活性炭吸附剂分别取1kg样品，依据《室内空气净化产品净化效果测定方法》(QB/T2761-2006)，放入1.5m3试验舱内进行检测，吸附时间为24h，测定不同活性炭吸附剂对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能，结果如表1所示。
表1不同活性炭产品对甲醛、苯、TVOC吸附性能比较
根据表1可以看出，相较于市售的活性炭吸附剂及现有技术制备的复合球形活性炭，本发明在主体成分中额外添加了沸石和贝壳粉，能够进一步优化活性炭的吸附性能，制成的球形活性炭晶对甲醛、苯和TVOC均有较好的吸附效果，吸附能力(去除率)达到95％以上。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种球形活性炭晶，其特征在于，由以下成分制成：
主体成分wt％：活性炭10％-80％，高粘土5％-60％，沸石1％-15％，贝壳粉1％-20％；
外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂0.1％-2％，抗压强度增强剂0.1％-2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球形活性炭晶，其特征在于，由以下成分制成：
主体成分wt％：活性炭30％-60％，高粘土20％-50％，沸石5％-10％，贝壳粉5％-12％；
外加成分，以主体成分wt％计：水溶性胶黏剂1％-1.5％，抗压强度增强剂1％-1.5％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶，其特征在于，所述高粘土选自高岭石类、微晶高岭石类、水云母类中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶，其特征在于，所述水溶性胶黏剂选自羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶，其特征在于，所述抗压强度增强剂选自硅酸钾、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝中的任意一种或几种。
6.权利要求1或2所述的球形活性炭晶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将主体成分混合，按比例添加水溶性胶黏剂混合造粒，再在成球胚体上喷洒抗压强度增强剂包覆加固，经干燥、吹粉抛光，焙烧得到球形活性炭晶。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述焙烧条件为350-650℃焙烧1-2h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述球形活性炭晶粒径为1-4mm。
9.权利要求1-5任意一项所述的球形活性炭晶在空气净化中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述球形活性炭晶对空气中的甲醛、苯、TVOC中的一种或几种进行吸附。
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