CN117540662B - Method for predicting vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along path of water flow by ecological floating island - Google Patents

Method for predicting vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along path of water flow by ecological floating island Download PDF

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CN117540662B
CN117540662B CN202311778239.7A CN202311778239A CN117540662B CN 117540662 B CN117540662 B CN 117540662B CN 202311778239 A CN202311778239 A CN 202311778239A CN 117540662 B CN117540662 B CN 117540662B
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张皎
苗萌萌
王雯
李占斌
李鹏
李婧
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for predicting the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity of water flow by an ecological floating island, which comprises the steps of firstly determining an analytical formula of the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the ecological floating island by adopting an exponential function through theoretical analysis; determining the along-path distribution of average longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the floating island layer and the water layer respectively by adopting an exponential function and a flow conservation law; establishing a differential equation at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer based on the continuous change of the flow velocity, and determining the flow velocity at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer; aiming at the analytic formula of the flow velocity, determining dimensionless vegetation factors influencing the flow velocity by analyzing the relation between each item of the formula and the vegetation factors, obtaining fixed parameters and corresponding expressions in a prediction formula, and predicting based on the built model. The invention provides a convenient and accurate prediction method, which has certain universality, can be applied to the flow velocity prediction conditions of river channels covered by different ecological floating islands, and has obvious advantages and practical application effects in the ecological floating island water flow research field.

Description

Method for predicting vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along path of water flow by ecological floating island
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulics and river dynamics in natural science research, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity of water flow by an ecological floating island along the way and a model building method thereof.
Background
The ecological floating island is an innovative ecological restoration engineering technology. The method utilizes the characteristics of floating vegetation to plant vegetation on a floating platform to form a floating island with ecological functions. Compared with floating vegetation, the ecological floating island is more flexible, and islands with different shapes and sizes can be designed according to the requirements. In addition, the ecological floating island can be combined with other ecological restoration measures such as artificial wetland and aquatic vegetation zone to form a comprehensive ecological system, and plays an important role in purifying water environment and restoring ecology.
The ecological floating island floats on the water surface, and the root system grows in the water, so that the ecological floating island has a more complex water flow structure compared with emergent aquatic vegetation. According to the length of the root of the ecological floating island, the river channel can be divided into a floating island layer and a water layer in the vertical direction, and the layering method can be used for better researching interaction between vegetation and water flow. Near the interface between the floating island layer and the water layer, kelvin-Helmholtz vortex (KH vortex) is generated near the interface between the two layers due to the rapid development and variation of the vertical flow velocity, and certain invasion depths are respectively defined as delta Floating island 、δ Aqueous layer in the floating island layer and the water layer. The water flow continuously changes along the flow velocity in the process of flowing through the ecological floating island, and under the condition that the ecological floating island is long enough, the ecological floating island can be generally divided into the following four areas: the area where the water flow is not affected by the ecological floating island, the water flow adjusting area in front of the ecological floating island, the water flow adjusting area in the ecological floating island and the water flow fully developing area (figure 2). The adjustment length of the water flow rate is defined as X D, and the water flow rate in the adjustment phase is changed rapidly, and delta Floating island 、δ Aqueous layer is changed continuously until the steady state is reached. The influence mechanism of the existence of the ecological floating island on the water flow can be better understood by deeply researching different areas and adjusting processes of the water flow movement in the ecological floating island.
At present, some researches on water flow movement containing ecological floating islands are carried out by students, and the full development condition of water flow after vegetation is mainly focused. However, the research on the vertical change is limited, and a simple calculation prediction mode is not formed, so that a certain difficulty still exists in large-scale application in actual engineering. To further advance the development of this field, it is necessary to deeply study the influencing factors of the along-the-way changes and find a simple and effective calculation mode so as to be better applied to practical engineering. Such research will help to improve engineering applicability of ecological floating island water flow movement and provide a more viable solution for water environment beautification and ecological restoration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the calculation method for the longitudinal flow velocity along the path in the vertical direction of the water flow of the ecological floating island, which can be simply and quickly applied to the condition that the ecological floating island is provided in the river channel, and is beneficial to simply and quickly realizing the calculation of the longitudinal flow velocity along the path in the vertical direction.
The invention provides a method for constructing an ecological floating island model for predicting the vertical longitudinal flow velocity along the water flow, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, a coordinate system is established by taking the position of the upstream surface of the ecological floating island, which corresponds to the center of the bottom of the river bed, as an origin O, x is the water flow development direction, z is the water depth direction, and an analytical formula of the along-path flow velocity U Z of the water flow in the vertical direction of the ecological floating island is established by adopting an exponential function;
Step 2, calculating and determining the along-path distribution of the average longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the floating island layer and the water layer respectively by adopting an exponential function and a flow conservation law;
Step 3, establishing a differential equation at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer based on the continuous change of the flow velocity, and calculating and determining the flow velocity at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer;
and 4, determining dimensionless vegetation factors affecting U Z by analyzing the relation between each item of the formula and the vegetation factors according to an analytic formula of the flow rate U Z to obtain fixed parameters and corresponding expressions in a prediction formula, thereby completing model construction.
Preferably, the specific process of the step1 is as follows:
According to the exponential function formula, the calculation method of U Z is as follows:
Floating island layer:
Aqueous layer:
Wherein U Z represents the longitudinal flow rate, U z( Floating island ) represents the corresponding longitudinal flow rate at different vertical heights of the floating island layer, U z( Aqueous layer ) represents the corresponding longitudinal flow rate at different vertical heights of the water layer, z represents the different vertical heights, h g represents the height of the water layer, The longitudinal flow rate at the junction of the floating island layer and the water layer is represented by L z( Floating island ), the attenuation index of the floating island layer is represented by L z( Aqueous layer ), the attenuation index of the water layer is represented by U Floating island , the longitudinal flow rate of water flow in the floating island layer along the journey is represented by U Aqueous layer .
Preferably, the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
The following relationship is satisfied by the water flow along the way in the floating island layer:
U Initial initiation ＝Q/(BH) (2)
Wherein U Initial initiation is the average longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the river channel before flowing through the ecological floating island; h is the river depth; b is the width of the ecological floating island;
the length X D of the water flow adjusting area is as follows:
Wherein X D is the longitudinal adjustment length of water flow, and B is the width of the floating island; is vegetation volume fraction per unit area, and is expressed by the formula Solving, wherein a is the frontal water facing area (a=nd) of the ecological floating island in the unit water body, n is the vegetation density (the number of vegetation in the unit area), and d is the vegetation diameter; c d is the vegetation resistance coefficient;
In the ecological floating island layer, the water flow path calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein U Floating island is the longitudinal velocity in the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow at the x=0 position within the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; l d is the exponential decay length;
At the front edge of the ecological floating island (x=0), the longitudinal flow velocity calculation formula of the floating island layer is as follows:
U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )＝U Initial initiation [1-(0.15±0.02)(Cdahc)1/2] (5)
Wherein h c is the immersed height of the ecological floating island in the vertical direction, namely the height of the floating island layer;
In the region where the water flow fully develops (X is more than or equal to X D), the calculation formula of the longitudinal flow velocity of the floating island layer is as follows:
U Floating island ( Stability and stability )＝{gHS[Cf+0.5CdaH/(1-φ)]-1}1/2 (6)
Wherein U Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; g is gravity acceleration; s is hydraulic ramp down; c f is the friction coefficient of the bed surface;
for the water layer, the along-the-path longitudinal flow velocity U Aqueous layer is determined by the law of conservation of flow:
HU Initial initiation ＝hcU Floating island +hgU Aqueous layer (7)
Thereby determining the along-the-way distribution of the average longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the floating island layer and the water layer respectively.
Preferably, the solution formula of the vegetation resistance coefficient C d is:
Cd＝130/[rv*EXP(0.85)]+0.8[1-EXP(-rv*/400)]
Wherein, r v*＝(gS/v2)1/3 is a total number of the components, V is the kinematic viscosity coefficient.
Preferably, the solution formula of the exponential decay length L d is:
Ld＝0.3XD(U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )-U Initial initiation )/(U Floating island ( Stability and stability )-U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ))。
Preferably, in the step3, since the flow rate is continuous at the interface, the variation of the flow rate is also continuous, for the unknowns in the formula (1) The method can obtain:
Thereby establishing differential equations at the boundaries of the floating island layer and the water layer.
Preferably, the specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
the dimensionless vegetation factor L z( Floating island )、Lz( Aqueous layer ) affecting U Z can be found by the following relationship:
Lz( Floating island )＝(0.32±0.04)δ Floating island (9)
Wherein L z( Floating island ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model in the floating island layer along the journey, delta Floating island is KH vortex invasion depth in the floating island layer;
Lz( Aqueous layer )＝(0.64±0.14)δ Aqueous layer (10)
Wherein L z( Aqueous layer ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model along the journey in the water layer, delta Aqueous layer is KH vortex invasion depth in the water layer;
The length of δ Floating island is related to the resistance received in the floating island layer, so the relation δ Floating island ＝1/(2Cd a between the invasion depth and the floating island resistance is established, and for vegetation patches δ Floating island =1.8d with a larger vegetation density, the calculation formula of δ Floating island is:
δ Floating island ＝max[1.8d,1/(2Cda)] (11)
the run length of δ Aqueous layer predicted using the reduced model is as follows:
Wherein, delta Aqueous layer is the invasion depth of the vortex in the water layer; delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) is the invasion depth after KH vortex is fully developed, delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) calculation formula is an empirical formula, and the coefficient is selected by combining with the actual situation; h c is the floating island layer height.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for predicting the vertical and longitudinal flow velocity along the water flow by an ecological floating island, which comprises the following steps:
S1, measuring parameters of water flow and an ecological floating island in a river channel, wherein the parameters comprise water depth, flow, width of the ecological floating island, immersed height of the ecological floating island, purified water height under the ecological floating island, vegetation number in the ecological floating island in unit area and vegetation diameter;
s2, inputting the parameters obtained in the S1 into an ecological floating island vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along-distance prediction model of the water flow constructed by the construction method according to the first aspect;
S3, calculating and outputting vertical flow velocity U Z of the water flow vertically covered by the ecological floating island continuously under the influence of the water flow and the ecological floating island parameters in S1.
The third aspect of the invention also provides a device for predicting the vertical longitudinal flow velocity of water flow by an ecological floating island, which comprises at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the processor and the memory are coupled; a computer-implemented program of a prediction model constructed by the construction method according to the first aspect is stored in the memory; when the processor executes the computer execution program stored in the memory, the processor is enabled to execute and output the vertical flow velocity of the water flow covered by the ecological floating island continuously.
The fourth aspect of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or an instruction of the prediction model constructed by the construction method according to the first aspect is stored, the program or the instruction, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to execute and output a vertical flow rate in a vertical direction of a water flow covered by the continuous ecological floating island.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method is convenient and accurate, and the development condition of the vertical flow velocity along the river channel can be clearly calculated when the ecological floating island covers the river channel, so that the calculation of the flow velocity of the river channel water flow is more convenient and accurate.
(2) The influence of various factors on the river flow velocity distribution is comprehensively considered, including vegetation distribution density, vegetation height, water depth, riverbed friction and the like. Therefore, the method has certain universality and can be applied to the flow velocity prediction conditions of the river channels covered by the floating islands in different ecology.
(3) The method can better understand and forecast the influence of the ecological floating island on river water flow, and provides a more effective solution for actual projects such as water environment beautification and ecological restoration.
(4) The technology of the invention has important application value in researching and managing the ecological floating island to cover the river channel, is beneficial to optimizing the operation and maintenance of the river ecological system, and improves the quality and sustainability of the water area environment.
In conclusion, the ecological floating island water flow research method has remarkable advantages and practical application effects in the ecological floating island water flow research field, and provides beneficial contribution to scientific research and engineering practice in the related field.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will be given simply with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art, it being evident that the following description is only one embodiment of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow logic diagram of a method for constructing a vertical longitudinal flow velocity along-path prediction model of water flow by an ecological floating island.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the development of the along-the-way flow velocity of ecological floating island water flow. Wherein U Initial initiation is the average longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the river channel before flowing through the ecological floating island; u Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow at the x=0 position within the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; the water flow is divided into a floating island layer and a water layer in the vertical direction.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical structure of the ecological floating island water flow.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view (top view) of the numerical model in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison between the calculated values of the equation and the measured values of the vertical upward flow velocity U z in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a simple block diagram of the constitution of the prediction apparatus in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
Aiming at the calculation and prediction method of the vertical upward flow velocity distribution of the river channel with the ecological floating island, the invention firstly needs to build a model for predicting the vertical upward flow velocity of the water flow by the ecological floating island, and the model building process is shown in figure 1. After the model is built, the model is utilized to carry out prediction calculation: measuring parameters of water flow and an ecological floating island in a river channel, wherein the parameters comprise water depth, flow, width of the ecological floating island, immersed height of the ecological floating island, purified water height under the ecological floating island, vegetation number in the ecological floating island in unit area and vegetation diameter; inputting the obtained parameters into the built model; and calculating and outputting the vertical flow velocity U Z of the water flow vertically covered by the ecological floating island continuously under the influence of the water flow and the ecological floating island parameters in the scene.
The effectiveness of the model prediction is illustrated in this example using a numerical model of Zhao et al.(Zhao F,Huai W,Li D.Numerical modeling of open channel flow with suspended canopy[J].Advances in Water Resources.2017,105:132-43.).
The numerical model adopts a Delft3D-Flow model. And a method based on a k-epsilon turbulent flow closed model is adopted to obtain the finite difference decomposition of the three-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equation. The calculated domain length of the numerical model was 40m, the width was 0.6m, the height was 0.36m, a 10m long area upstream of the vegetation plaque was used for water flow development, the vegetation plaque length was 30m, the plaque width covered the entire cross-section was 0.6m, and the plaque height was 0.18m. The calculated domain mesh size is 0.05m×0.05m×0.009m, and a total of 800×12×40 meshes. The flow rate at the inlet boundary was set to 34.9L/s and the water depth at the outlet boundary was set to 0.36m. The bottom friction uses a Manning roughness coefficient of 0.01. In processing the data, the researchers selected 8 lines on the rear x-section (x=1, 2,3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 m) of the vegetation area center and averaged the data on these lines. This gives time-space averaged flow velocity data for better analysis of the study results.
Table 1 list of experimental data related information
Wherein, Q is the flow after treatment (the adopted flow is the flow size in the corresponding vertical direction on the width of the ecological floating island), d is the vegetation diameter in the ecological floating island, h c is the ecological floating island height, and h g is the water layer height.
The invention establishes a coordinate system by taking the position of the upstream surface of the ecological floating island, which corresponds to the bottom center of the river bed, as an origin O, as shown in figure 3, wherein x is the water flow development direction, and z is the water depth direction. The method comprises the steps of establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of a vegetation plaque upstream surface corresponding to the bottom of a river bed as an origin O, wherein x is the water flow development direction, z is the water depth direction, H is the water depth, and dividing a river channel into a floating island layer and a water layer from top to bottom in the vertical direction by taking z=h g as a boundary: h c is the height of the floating island layer, and U Floating island is the corresponding vertical flow velocity distribution; h g water layer height, U Aqueous layer is the corresponding vertical flow velocity profile. The water flow near the interface of the floating island layer and the water layer is uneven in stress and rapid in flow speed, a KH vortex structure is formed, the depth of the KH vortex penetrating into the floating island layer and the water layer in the vertical direction is delta Floating island and delta Aqueous layer respectively, the invasion depth is continuously developed and changed along with the water flow until a stable state is reached, and the adjustment length of the water flow in the X direction is X D.
According to the exponential function formula, the calculation method of U z is as follows:
Floating island layer:
Aqueous layer: Wherein U z represents the longitudinal flow rate, U z( Floating island ) represents the longitudinal flow rate corresponding to different vertical heights of the floating island layer, U z( Aqueous layer ) represents the longitudinal flow rate corresponding to different vertical heights of the water layer, z represents the different vertical heights, h g represents the height of the water layer,/> The longitudinal flow rate at the junction of the floating island layer and the water layer is represented by L z( Floating island ), the attenuation index of the floating island layer is represented by L z( Aqueous layer ), the attenuation index of the water layer is represented by U Floating island , the longitudinal flow rate of water flow in the floating island layer along the journey is represented by U Aqueous layer . Fig. 4 is a schematic view (top view) of a numerical model of an example. Wherein B is the width of the ecological floating island, and L Floating island is the length of the ecological floating island.
The following relationship is satisfied by the water flow along the way in the floating island layer:
U Initial initiation ＝Q/(BH) (2)
Wherein U Initial initiation is the average longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the river channel before flowing through the ecological floating island; h is the river depth; b is the width of the ecological floating island.
The length X D of the water flow adjusting area is as follows:
wherein X D is the longitudinal adjustment length of the water flow; b is the width of the floating island; is vegetation volume fraction per unit area, and is expressed by the formula Solving, wherein a is the frontal water facing area (a=nd) of the ecological floating island in the unit water body, n is the vegetation density (the number of vegetation in the unit area), and d is the vegetation diameter; c d is the vegetation resistance coefficient that can be solved by the formula C d＝130/[rv*EXP(0.85)]+0.8[1-EXP(-rv*/400 set forth in CHENG NIANSHENG). Wherein, r v*＝(gS/v2)1/3 is a total number of the components,V is the kinematic viscosity coefficient.
In the ecological floating island layer, the water flow path calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein U Floating island is the longitudinal velocity in the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow at the x=0 position within the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; l d is an exponential decay length, which is determined by the formula L d＝0.3XD(U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )-U Initial initiation )/(U Floating island ( Stability and stability )-U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )).
At the front edge of the ecological floating island (x=0), the longitudinal flow velocity calculation formula of the floating island layer is as follows:
U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )＝U Initial initiation [1-(0.15±0.02)(Cdahc)1/2] (5)
Wherein h c is the immersed height of the ecological floating island in the vertical direction, namely the height of the floating island layer.
In the region where the water flow fully develops (X is more than or equal to X D), the calculation formula of the longitudinal flow velocity of the floating island layer is as follows:
Wherein U Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; g is gravity acceleration; s is hydraulic ramp down; c f is the friction coefficient of the bed surface.
At this time, the solution of the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity in the floating island layer in each region is already clear. For the water layer, the along-line longitudinal flow rate U Aqueous layer can be obtained by the law of conservation of flow:
HU Initial initiation ＝hcU Floating island +hgU Aqueous layer (7)
Since the flow rate is continuous at the interface, the amount of change in velocity is also continuous for the unknowns in equation (1) The method can obtain:
The dimensionless vegetation factor L z( Floating island )、Lz( Aqueous layer ) affecting U z can be found by the following relationship:
Lz( Floating island )＝(0.32±0.04)δ Floating island (9)
Wherein L z( Floating island ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model in the floating island layer along the journey, delta Floating island is KH vortex invasion depth in the floating island layer.
Lz( Aqueous layer )＝(0.64±0.14)δ Aqueous layer (10)
Wherein L z( Aqueous layer ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model along the journey in the water layer, and delta Aqueous layer is KH vortex invasion depth in the water layer.
The length of δ Floating island is related to the resistance received in the floating island layer, so the relation δ Floating island ＝1/(2Cd a between the invasion depth and the floating island resistance is established, and for vegetation patches δ Floating island =1.8d with a larger vegetation density, the calculation formula of δ Floating island is:
δ Floating island ＝max[1.8d,1/(2Cda)](11)
the run length of δ Aqueous layer predicted using the reduced model is as follows:
Wherein, delta Aqueous layer is the invasion depth of the vortex in the water layer; delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) is the invasion depth after KH vortex is fully developed, delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) calculation formula is an empirical formula, and the coefficient is selected by combining with the actual situation; h c is the floating island layer height.
Comparing and analyzing the predicted value calculated by combining the formulas (1 a) and (1 b) with the actually measured value, and calculating the root mean square error as follows:
Where U z( Actual measurement ) is the actual measurement, U z( Prediction ) is the predicted value, and N is the actual measurement number, and the calculated error value of the model in this embodiment is 1.39%. Fig. 5 is a graph of calculated equation versus measured value for vertical edge Cheng Liusu U z. The points represent measured values, the lines represent predicted values of the analytical model, Z represents water depth heights corresponding to different positions, X represents different positions along the flow direction, and U represents the longitudinal flow velocity of water flow.
It should be further noted that the analytical model provided by the invention can be directly applied to the ecological floating island covered by the continuous full section, and further processing of the flow data measured by experiments is needed for the ecological floating island partially covered by the river channel.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 6, the application also provides a device for predicting the vertical longitudinal flow velocity of water flow along the vertical direction of the ecological floating island, which comprises at least one processor and at least one memory, and also comprises a communication interface and an internal bus; a computer-implemented program of a prediction model constructed by the construction method described in embodiment 1 is stored in a memory; when the processor executes the computer execution program stored in the memory, the processor can execute and output the vertical flow velocity of the water flow covered by the ecological floating island continuously. Wherein the internal bus may be an industry standard architecture (Industry Standard Architecture, ISA) bus, an external device interconnect (PERIPHERAL COMPONENT, PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (XtendedIndustry Standard Architecture, EISA) bus, among others. The buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses in the drawings of the present application are not limited to only one bus or to one type of bus. The memory may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may further include a nonvolatile memory NVM, such as at least one magnetic disk memory, and may also be a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
The device may be provided as a terminal, server or other form of device.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus shown for illustration. The device may include one or more of the following components: a processing component, a memory, a power component, a multimedia component, an audio component, an input/output (I/O) interface, a sensor component, and a communication component. The processing component generally controls overall operation of the electronic device, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing component may include one or more processors to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Further, the processing component may include one or more modules that facilitate interactions between the processing component and other components. For example, the processing component may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component and the processing component.
The memory is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the electronic device. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the electronic device, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and the like. The memory may be implemented by any type of volatile or nonvolatile memory device or combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disk.
The power supply assembly provides power to the various components of the electronic device. Power components may include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for electronic devices. The multimedia assembly includes a screen between the electronic device and the user that provides an output interface. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may sense not only the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia assembly includes a front camera and/or a rear camera. When the electronic device is in an operation mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front camera and/or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.
The audio component is configured to output and/or input an audio signal. For example, the audio component includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when the electronic device is in an operational mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signal may be further stored in a memory or transmitted via a communication component. In some embodiments, the audio assembly further comprises a speaker for outputting audio signals. The I/O interface provides an interface between the processing assembly and a peripheral interface module, which may be a keyboard, click wheel, button, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: homepage button, volume button, start button, and lock button.
The sensor assembly includes one or more sensors for providing status assessment of various aspects of the electronic device. For example, the sensor assembly may detect an on/off state of the electronic device, a relative positioning of the assemblies, such as a display and keypad of the electronic device, a change in position of the electronic device or one of the assemblies of the electronic device, the presence or absence of user contact with the electronic device, an orientation or acceleration/deceleration of the electronic device, and a change in temperature of the electronic device. The sensor assembly may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects in the absence of any physical contact. The sensor assembly may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly may further include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscopic sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.
The communication component is configured to facilitate communication between the electronic device and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The electronic device may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi,2G, or 3G, or a combination thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the communication component receives a broadcast signal or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, the communication component further comprises a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), digital Signal Processors (DSPs), digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic elements for executing the methods described above.
Example 3:
The present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program or an instruction of a prediction model constructed by the construction method according to embodiment 1 is stored, where the program or the instruction, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to execute and output a vertical flow rate in a vertical direction of a water flow covered by the continuous ecological floating island.
In particular, a system, apparatus or device provided with a readable storage medium on which a software program code implementing the functions of any of the above embodiments is stored and whose computer or processor is caused to read and execute instructions stored in the readable storage medium may be provided. In this case, the program code itself read from the readable medium may implement the functions of any of the above-described embodiments, and thus the machine-readable code and the readable storage medium storing the machine-readable code form part of the present invention.
The storage medium may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or nonvolatile memory devices such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks (e.g., CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-20ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW), magnetic tape, and the like. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
It should be understood that the above Processor may be a central processing unit (english: central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU), or may be other general purpose processors, a digital signal Processor (english: DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor, abbreviated as DSP), an Application-specific integrated Circuit (english: application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit, abbreviated as ASIC), or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the present invention may be embodied directly in a hardware processor for execution, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor for execution.
It should be understood that a storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASIC). The processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a terminal or server.
The computer readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network interface card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
The computer program instructions for performing the operations of the present disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as SMALLTALK, C ++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present disclosure are implemented by personalizing electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), with state information of computer readable program instructions, which can execute the computer readable program instructions.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
While the foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without any inventive effort.

Claims (5)

1. The method for constructing the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along-path prediction model of the water flow by the ecological floating island is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, a coordinate system is established by taking the position of the upstream surface of the ecological floating island, which corresponds to the center of the bottom of the river bed, as an origin O, x is the water flow development direction, z is the water depth direction, and an analytical formula of the along-path flow velocity U Z of the water flow in the vertical direction of the ecological floating island is established by adopting an exponential function; the specific process is as follows:
According to the exponential function formula, the calculation method of U Z is as follows:
Floating island layer:
Aqueous layer:
Wherein U Z represents the longitudinal flow rate, U z( Floating island ) represents the corresponding longitudinal flow rate at different vertical heights of the floating island layer, U z( Aqueous layer ) represents the corresponding longitudinal flow rate at different vertical heights of the water layer, z represents the different vertical heights, h g represents the height of the water layer, The longitudinal flow rate of the interface between the floating island layer and the water layer is represented by L z( Floating island ), the attenuation index of the floating island layer is represented by L z( Aqueous layer ), the attenuation index of the water layer is represented by U Floating island , the longitudinal flow rate of the water flow in the floating island layer is represented by U Aqueous layer , and the longitudinal flow rate of the water flow in the water layer is represented by U Floating island ;
Step 2, calculating and determining the along-path distribution of the average longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the floating island layer and the water layer respectively by adopting an exponential function and a flow conservation law; the specific process is as follows:
The following relationship is satisfied by the water flow along the way in the floating island layer:
U Initial initiation ＝Q/(BH) (2)
Wherein U Initial initiation is the average longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the river channel before flowing through the ecological floating island; h is the river depth; b is the width of the ecological floating island;
the length X D of the water flow adjusting area is as follows:
Wherein X D is the longitudinal adjustment length of water flow, and B is the width of the floating island; is vegetation volume fraction per unit area, and is expressed by the formula Solving, wherein a is the frontal water facing area of the ecological floating island in the unit water body, a=nd, n is the number of vegetation in the unit area, and d is the diameter of the vegetation; c d is the vegetation resistance coefficient;
In the ecological floating island layer, the water flow path calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein U Floating island is the longitudinal velocity in the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow at the x=0 position within the floating island layer; u Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; l d is the exponential decay length;
at the front edge of the ecological floating island, at the moment, x=0, and the calculation formula of the longitudinal flow velocity of the floating island layer is as follows:
U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )＝U Initial initiation [1-(0.15±0.02)(Cdahc)1/2] (5)
Wherein h c is the immersed height of the ecological floating island in the vertical direction, namely the height of the floating island layer;
in the region where the water flow is fully developed, when X is more than or equal to X D, the calculation formula of the longitudinal flow velocity of the floating island layer is as follows:
Wherein U Floating island ( Stability and stability ) is the corresponding longitudinal flow velocity of water flow in the fully developed region of the floating island layer; g is gravity acceleration; s is hydraulic ramp down; c f is the friction coefficient of the bed surface;
for the water layer, the along-the-path longitudinal flow velocity U Aqueous layer is determined by the law of conservation of flow:
HU Initial initiation ＝hcU Floating island +hgU Aqueous layer (7)
thereby determining the along-distance distribution of the average longitudinal flow velocity of the water flow in the floating island layer and the water layer respectively;
The solution formula of the exponential decay length L d is as follows:
Ld＝0.3XD(U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning )-U Initial initiation )/(U Floating island ( Stability and stability )-U Floating island ( Starting from the beginning ))
Step 3, establishing a differential equation at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer based on the continuous change of the flow velocity, and calculating and determining the flow velocity at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer;
since the flow rate is continuous at the interface, the amount of change in velocity is also continuous for unknowns in equations (1 a) and (1 b) The method can obtain:
Thereby establishing a differential equation at the boundary of the floating island layer and the water layer;
Step 4, aiming at an analytic formula of the flow rate U Z, determining a dimensionless vegetation factor affecting U Z by analyzing the relation between each item of the formula and the vegetation factor to obtain fixed parameters and corresponding expressions in a prediction formula, thereby completing model construction; the specific process is as follows:
the dimensionless vegetation factor L z( Floating island )、Lz( Aqueous layer ) affecting U Z can be found by the following relationship:
Lz( Floating island )＝(0.32±0.04)δ Floating island (9)
Wherein L z( Floating island ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model in the floating island layer along the journey, delta Floating island is KH vortex invasion depth in the floating island layer;
Lz( Aqueous layer )＝(0.64±0.14)δ Aqueous layer (10)
Wherein L z( Aqueous layer ) is an index of a vertical flow velocity change prediction model along the journey in the water layer, delta Aqueous layer is KH vortex invasion depth in the water layer;
The length of δ Floating island is related to the resistance received in the floating island layer, so the relation δ Floating island ＝1/(2Cd a between the invasion depth and the floating island resistance is established, and for vegetation patches δ Floating island =1.8d with a larger vegetation density, the calculation formula of δ Floating island is:
δ Floating island ＝max[1.8d,1/(2Cda)] (11)
the run length of δ Aqueous layer predicted using the reduced model is as follows:
Wherein delta Aqueous layer is the invasion depth of KH vortex in the water layer; delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) is the invasion depth after KH vortex is fully developed, delta Aqueous layer ( Stabilization ) calculation formula is an empirical formula, and the coefficient is selected by combining with the actual situation; h c is the floating island layer height.
2. The method for building the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along-path prediction model of the ecological floating island to the water flow according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solving formula of the vegetation resistance coefficient C d is as follows:
Cd＝130/[rv*EXP(0.85)]+0.8[1-EXP(-rv*/400)]
Wherein, r v*＝(gS/v2)1/3 is a total number of the components, V is the kinematic viscosity coefficient.
3. The method for predicting the vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along the water flow by the ecological floating island is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, measuring parameters of water flow and an ecological floating island in a river channel, wherein the parameters comprise water depth, flow, width of the ecological floating island, immersed height of the ecological floating island, purified water height under the ecological floating island, vegetation number in the ecological floating island in unit area and vegetation diameter;
s2, inputting the parameters obtained in the S1 into a vertical upward longitudinal flow velocity along-path prediction model of the ecological floating island to water flow, which is constructed by the construction method according to the claims 1 or 2;
S3, calculating and outputting vertical flow velocity U Z of the water flow vertically covered by the ecological floating island continuously under the influence of the water flow and the ecological floating island parameters in S1.
4. The utility model provides an ecological chinampa vertical upward longitudinal velocity of flow along journey prediction equipment to rivers which characterized in that: the apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory, the processor and the memory coupled; a computer-implemented program of a prediction model constructed by the construction method according to claim 1 or 2 is stored in the memory; when the processor executes the computer execution program stored in the memory, the processor is enabled to execute and output the vertical flow velocity of the water flow covered by the ecological floating island continuously.
5. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program or an instruction of a prediction model constructed by the construction method according to claim 1 or 2 is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the program or the instruction is executed by a processor, the program or the instruction causes the processor to execute and output a vertical flow rate in a vertical direction of a water flow covered by the continuous ecological floating island.
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