CN117514529A - Fuel supply system and efficient combustion method of ammonia ether mixed fuel engine - Google Patents
Fuel supply system and efficient combustion method of ammonia ether mixed fuel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117514529A CN117514529A CN202311360359.5A CN202311360359A CN117514529A CN 117514529 A CN117514529 A CN 117514529A CN 202311360359 A CN202311360359 A CN 202311360359A CN 117514529 A CN117514529 A CN 117514529A
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- fuel
- ammonia
- ether
- pressure
- liquid
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 299
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-amino-hydroxylamine Chemical compound NON SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
- F02D19/024—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/26—Pistons having combustion chamber in piston head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
- F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel supply system and a high-efficiency combustion method of a ammonia ether mixed fuel engine in the technical field of internal combustion engines comprise a fuel supply system and a high-pressure direct injection combustion module, wherein liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel is stored in a liquid storage tank and enters a high-pressure common rail system through a pressure stabilizing supply pipeline, and enters an optimized combustion chamber for combustion according to an engine injection strategy. In the invention, in the preset range of the ammonia ether fuel excess air coefficient control, the injection of ammonia ether fuel adopts a multi-stage direct injection strategy in a cylinder. By the system and the method, clean and efficient combustion of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine can be realized. The fuel supply pipeline adopts a corrosion-resistant stainless steel pipeline aiming at the special property of the ammonia ether mixed fuel. The specified high-pressure pump, the common rail pipe and the fuel injector ensure sufficient supply of the ammonia ether mixed fuel in the running process of the engine, and the combustion form is organized by matching with a multistage direct injection strategy in the engine cylinder, so that the rich and lean layering is controlled, and the efficient clean combustion of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel supply system in the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a fuel supply system of an ammonia ether mixed fuel engine adopting a multistage direct injection strategy in an engine cylinder and a high-efficiency combustion method.
Background
The massive use of traditional fossil energy places great pressure on global climate change and environmental pollution, and ammonia is of great concern as a renewable clean zero-carbon energy source. Ammonia is a hydrogen carrier fuel, has a series of advantages of high energy density, mature industrialization, low storage and transportation cost and the like, and can be used as fuel in various fields including transportation, power generation, industrial production and the like. As a zero-carbon fuel, the complete combustion product of ammonia does not contain carbon dioxide, and has wide application prospect.
Ammonia still presents challenges when used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine. The problems of high ignition energy, slow combustion rate, poor burnout performance and the like of ammonia combustion limit the application of ammonia in an engine. In the current mainstream experimental scheme, most of fuel supply modes of an ammonia engine are air inlet channel injection, and fuel concentration and dilution layering cannot be accurately controlled. Compared with the port injection, the direct injection in the cylinder is easier to realize high ammonia substitution rate, improves combustion performance and reduces emission.
At present, the technical route of the ammonia engine is mostly in a dual-fuel combustion mode, two sets of fuel supply injection systems are needed, and the complexity of the system is greatly increased. The conventional high-activity pilot fuel such as hydrogen, diesel oil and the like cannot share one set of fuel supply system with ammonia, so that the difficulty and complexity of engine design and arrangement are increased, pressure is brought to the engine cost, and popularization and application of the novel ammonia engine are further limited. The publication nos. CN114483299a, CN114738140a, CN116044583a, etc. each use hydrogen as a fuel activity modifier, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into an ammonia engine in different ways to serve as a pilot fuel. But all require separate designs of hydrogen supply systems, again adding to system complexity and engine cost.
Dimethyl ether is used as a low-carbon fuel, has cetane number of more than 55, and is suitable for a combustion mode of a compression ignition engine. The gas is in a gaseous state at normal temperature, and the storage and transportation conditions are similar to those of liquefied petroleum gas. Dimethyl ether is used as fuel with high cetane number, can be mutually dissolved with liquid ammonia in a liquefied state, and can modify the compression ignition performance of the ammonia ether fuel from the fuel level. And after mixing, one set of fuel supply system can be used for supplying the ammonia ether fuel, and compared with two sets of supply system schemes, the invention simplifies the design and arrangement difficulty of the engine, reduces the number of parts and reduces the cost of the engine. The liquefied ammonia ether enters the cylinder through the low-pressure supply module and the high-pressure direct injection module to burn, so that the supply system is greatly simplified on the premise of improving the combustion performance in the cylinder, and the liquefied ammonia ether has high popularization and application values. However, in the prior art, there is no fuel supply and combustion system combining ammonia and dimethyl ether.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fuel supply system and a high-efficiency combustion method of an ammonia ether mixed fuel engine, which utilize the characteristic of high cetane number of dimethyl ether to mix the dimethyl ether with liquid ammonia into ammonia ether mixed fuel so as to improve the overall combustion performance. Multiple concentration layers are formed in the combustion chamber through a porous oil sprayer, a specialized high-pressure pump, a notch combustion chamber, a multi-stage direct injection strategy and the like, so that in-cylinder active layering control compression ignition of the ammonia ether mixed fuel is realized. And simultaneously, the trace post-spraying promotes the reaction of ammonia and nitrogen oxides to produce nitrogen, thereby reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas. The combustion system has the characteristics of low NOx emission and high thermal efficiency, and solves the problems of complex fuel supply system, high system cost, low fuel substitution rate, poor in-cylinder combustion performance and high pollutant emission of the conventional ammonia engine.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fuel supply system of an ammonia ether mixed fuel engine, which comprises an ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank, a first pressure sensor, a first electromagnetic valve, a fuel buffer tank, a pressure limiting valve, a liquid level indicator, a second electromagnetic valve, a mass flowmeter, a low-pressure pump, a third electromagnetic valve, a second pressure sensor, a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure common rail pipe, an oil injector, a piston, a cooling water circulation system, a heat exchanger, a fourth electromagnetic valve, a fifth electromagnetic valve, a fuel supply pipe, an oil injector supply pipe, a first oil return branch, a main oil return pipe, a second oil return branch, a cooling pipeline and a cylinder cover; the liquid inlet of the fuel supply pipe is arranged in the ether-ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet of the fuel supply pipe is connected with the liquid inlet of the high-pressure common rail pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve, the fuel buffer tank, the second electromagnetic valve, the mass flowmeter, the low-pressure pump, the third electromagnetic valve and the high-pressure pump are sequentially connected on the fuel supply pipe in series along the fuel flow direction; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are both arranged on the fuel supply pipe, the first pressure sensor is arranged at the upstream of the first electromagnetic valve, and the second pressure sensor is arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the high-pressure pump; the liquid inlet of the fuel injector feed pipe is connected with the liquid outlet of the high-pressure common rail pipe, and the liquid outlet of the fuel injector feed pipe is connected with the liquid inlet of the fuel injector; the liquid inlet of the main oil return pipe is connected with the liquid return port of the oil sprayer, the liquid outlet of the main oil return pipe is arranged in the fuel buffer tank, and the heat exchanger and the fourth electromagnetic valve are sequentially connected on the main oil return pipe in series along the fuel flow direction; the liquid inlet of the first oil return branch is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure common rail pipe, and the liquid outlet of the first oil return branch is connected with the main oil return pipe; the liquid inlet of the second oil return branch is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure pump, the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch is connected with the main oil return pipe, and the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch is positioned at the upstream of the heat exchanger; the cooling water circulation system is connected with the heat exchanger (17) through a cooling pipeline, and a fourth electromagnetic valve is connected in series on the cooling pipeline; the pressure limiting valve and the liquid level indicator are arranged on the fuel buffer tank; the fuel injector is arranged on the cylinder cover, and the piston is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder cover.
Furthermore, in the invention, the inner walls of the ether-ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank and the fuel buffer tank are both stainless steel pressure-resistant inner containers, and the internal pipelines of the pressure limiting valve and the liquid level indicator are also made of stainless steel; the sealing parts among all the parts are made of special rubber materials resistant to ammonia corrosion and dimethyl ether dissolution.
Further, in the invention, the depth of the notch at the top of the piston is smaller, so as to reduce the whole volume of the combustion chamber and improve the braking heat efficiency of the fuel in the cylinder.
Still further, in the present invention, in-cylinder fuel braking thermal efficiency BTE AD The calculation formula of the (%):
wherein P is out The braking power output by the engine is kW; LHV (liquid suction volume) NH3 Is the lower heating value of ammonia, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; LHV (liquid suction volume) DME Is the low-grade heat value of dimethyl ether, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as a unit; q (Q) AD The mass flow rate of the ammonia ether mixed fuel is kg/h.
In the invention, the ammonia ether fuel is stored in a fuel liquid storage tank (1) as a single fuel, the novel fuel is prepared by mixing liquid ammonia serving as a main body and liquid dimethyl ether according to a proportion, wherein the ammonia energy ratio in the fuel is not lower than 60%, and the ammonia energy ratio R NH3 (%) can be calculated from the following formula:
wherein LHV NH3 Is the lower heating value of ammonia, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; LHV (liquid suction volume) DME Is the low-grade calorific value of dimethyl ether, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as percent.
The invention also provides a method for efficiently burning in a cylinder by using the fuel supply system of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine, which comprises the following steps: and in a preset range of the ammonia ether fuel excess air coefficient control, the ammonia ether fuel is injected by adopting an in-cylinder multistage direct injection strategy.
Further, in the present invention, the excess air ratio lambda of the urethane fuel AD The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein Q is air Air flow in kg/h; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as a unit; TAFR (TAFR) NH3 Is the theoretical excess air ratio of ammonia; TAFR (TAFR) DME Is the theoretical excess air coefficient of dimethyl ether; q (Q) AD Is the flow rate of the ammonia ether fuel, and the unit is kg/h.
Still further, in the present invention, the in-cylinder multistage direct injection strategy is: the method comprises the steps of directly injecting liquefied ammonia ether fuel at high pressure for one to three times at 60-20 ℃ before the top dead center of a compression stroke, wherein the mass ratio of the liquefied ammonia ether fuel is less than 20% of the total injection quantity; high-pressure direct injection is carried out again at 5-15 ℃ before the top dead center of the compression stroke, and the injection quantity accounts for more than 75% of the total oil quantity; in the expansion stroke, the high-pressure direct injection trace ammonia ether fuel enters the cylinder, and the mass ratio is about 5%.
The invention provides a novel fuel design of liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel. Dimethyl ether and ammonia have similar boiling points and belong to polar molecules; meanwhile, ammonia is a common chemical solvent, various organic matters and inorganic matters can be dissolved, and the mutual dissolution of dimethyl ether and ammonia can be realized without adding any emulsifying agent in a liquefied state. The novel fuel takes liquid ammonia as a main body, liquid dimethyl ether as a fuel modifier is dissolved with the liquid ammonia according to a certain proportion, so that a novel mixed fuel for engine combustion is formed, and the storage and transportation modes of the novel mixed fuel are the same as those of a single fuel. In the invention, the ammonia ether fuel has certain superiority as a single composite fuel, and has essential difference with the dual fuel mode in the prior art.
The mixed fuel of ammonia ether is a novel mixed fuel, and ammonia is the main fuel body. The dimethyl ether is used as a fuel modifier, and the proportion of the dimethyl ether can influence the performance of the mixed fuel, so the dimethyl ether should be controlled within a certain preset range. The ammonia ether fuel can be divided into different qualities according to different ammonia energy ratios, and the ammonia energy ratio is not lower than 60%.
The invention provides a high-pressure injection system for liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel. The high pressure injection system of the aminoether fuel includes a fuel supply system and a high pressure direct injection combustion module. The fuel supply system comprises a liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel liquid storage tank, a buffer tank, an ammonia ether low-pressure pump and a reflux heat exchanger. The high-pressure direct injection combustion module comprises a specialized ammonia ether high-pressure pump, a high-pressure common rail pipe, an oil sprayer and a combustion chamber, and is specifically described as follows: the liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel is stored in a liquid storage tank, the valve controls the ammonia ether fuel to enter the buffer tank from the liquid storage tank for standby, and the reserve of the liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel is fed back in real time through a liquid level meter in the buffer tank. If the liquid level of the buffer tank is lower than the warning value, judging the allowance in the fuel liquid storage tank according to the first pressure sensor, controlling the opening of the first electromagnetic valve, and further filling liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel into the buffer tank until the liquid level indicator reaches a preset value.
The liquid level of the buffer tank is in a preset range, the second electromagnetic valve is communicated with the pipeline and starts the ammonia ether low-pressure pump, and the liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel is pressurized to a preset value from the storage pressure. The low pressure pump power is regulated to maintain the pressure of the pipeline stable, and the pressure fluctuation of the supply pipeline is monitored in real time through a second pressure sensor. If the outlet pressure of the low-pressure pump does not meet the inlet pressure requirement of the high-pressure pump, the power of the ammonia ether low-pressure pump is increased until the pressure requirement is met.
After the specialized high-pressure pump works, pumping the ammonia ether fuel of the pressure-stabilizing supply system into a high-pressure common rail pipe, and realizing the timing and quantitative in-cylinder multistage direct injection of liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel and organizing a combustion form through an electromagnetic control fuel injector.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, an in-cylinder direct injection combustion strategy for an aminoether fuel blend is provided. The specialized high-pressure pump keeps the pressure of the common rail pipe, and the porous high-flow oil sprayer directly sprays the liquefied ammonia ether mixed fuel into the combustion chamber for many times under electromagnetic control. During the compression stroke, the injector controls the injection of liquefied aminoether fuel 60 to 20 degrees before top dead center for one to three times, the mass ratio should be less than 20% of the total injection amount, and a high activity combustion atmosphere is formed in the combustion chamber. In the compression stroke, the fuel body is injected at high pressure around 5 to 15 degrees before the top dead center, and the injection quantity is more than 75% of the total oil quantity, so that local rich fuel combustion is formed. In the expansion stroke after the main combustion, the electromagnetic control fuel injector injects trace ammonia ether fuel into the cylinder, the mass ratio is about 5%, the reaction of ammonia and nitrogen oxides in the cylinder is promoted to generate nitrogen, and the concentration of pollutants in exhaust gas is reduced. By adjusting the injection strategy, and matching with the optimized shape of the combustion chamber and the proper compression ratio, the emission of nitrogen oxides can be controlled at a low level, and the ultralow emission of the engine is realized. Meanwhile, the air quantity required by the ammonia ether fuel has larger combustion difference with the traditional diesel, the direct injection fuel strategy is required to synchronously adjust the combustion process in the ammonia ether fuel cylinder by matching with the air input, and the integral excess air coefficient is controlled within a preset range.
According to an example of the present disclosure, a storage module for liquefied ammonia ether fuel blend includes a fuel tank and a fuel buffer tank. The special liquid storage tank is designed according to the physical properties of ammonia and dimethyl ether fuel, stainless steel pressure-resistant inner containers are adopted for the inner walls, stainless steel is adopted for the inner pipelines of components such as pressure limiting valves and liquid level indicators, special rubber materials resistant to ammonia corrosion and dimethyl ether dissolution are adopted for sealing elements among the components, and sufficient stable supply of the ammonia ether fuel is ensured.
According to an example of the present disclosure, the high pressure direct injection system further includes a specialized high pressure pump, a common rail, and a direct injection injector. Wherein a specialized high pressure pump of large plunger diameter can ensure a sufficient supply of liquefied aminoether mixed fuel. The sealing connecting pieces at the joints are made of special rubber materials, so that corrosion failure of the sealing pieces caused by long-term use of liquefied ammonia ether fuel is avoided. The direct injection fuel injector has the characteristics of multiple spray holes and large spray hole diameter, and can spray enough ammonia ether mixed fuel within a preset time range. The internal pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials, and meanwhile, the thimble materials are specified, so that the reliability is improved.
According to an example of the present disclosure, an optimally improved combustion chamber shape is used to improve in-cylinder combustion of an aminoether mixed fuel. The shape of the piston combustion chamber further reduces the depth of a notch on the basis of a traditional diesel engine direct injection piston according to the characteristics that the ammonia ether fuel is easy to gasify and the direct injection in the cylinder, and weakens the necking design of the top. Because the ammonia ether fuel is extremely easy to gasify in the cylinder environment, the whole volume of the combustion chamber can be reduced, and the braking thermal efficiency in the cylinder is improved.
According to an example of the present disclosure, the return line further includes a heat exchange module and a line control unit. The control unit of the heat exchanger adjusts the supply quantity of the circulating cooling water according to the real-time pressure feedback. And the reflux pipeline collects excessive overflowed ammonia ether fuel in each module in the direct injection mode of the liquefied ammonia ether fuel, and the liquefied ammonia ether is recovered after the ammonia ether fuel is cooled by a heat exchanger. The recovered liquefied ammonia ether enters the fuel buffer tank through a return pipeline for recycling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the invention provides a novel ammonia ether mixed fuel for an engine for the first time, a set of fuel supply and injection system can be adopted, the design and arrangement difficulty and complexity of the ammonia engine are greatly simplified, the cost of the engine is reduced, and the large-scale popularization and application of the ammonia engine are facilitated. Secondly, the novel ammonia ether mixed fuel provided by the invention can radically and effectively improve the combustion performance of liquid ammonia, thereby improving the overall performance of the ammonia engine. Thirdly, the high-pressure direct injection system for the ammonia ether can realize direct injection of the ammonia ether mixed fuel in a cylinder, optimize the combustion mode in the cylinder, effectively reduce carbon emission and other pollutants and realize clean and efficient combustion. Fourth, the multistage direct injection combustion strategy provided by the invention can realize the in-cylinder efficient combustion of the ammonia ether mixed fuel by matching with an optimized special combustion chamber, and obviously improves the thermal efficiency and the ammonia fuel substitution rate of the engine while effectively controlling the emission of pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, an ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank, 2, a first pressure sensor, 3, a first electromagnetic valve, 4, a fuel buffer tank, 5, a pressure limiting valve, 6, a liquid level indicator, 7, a second electromagnetic valve, 8, a mass flowmeter, 9, a low-pressure pump, 10, a third electromagnetic valve, 11, a second pressure sensor, 12, a high-pressure pump, 13 and a high-pressure common rail pipe, 14, an oil sprayer, 15, a piston, 16, a cooling water circulation system, 17, a heat exchanger, 18, a fourth electromagnetic valve, 19, a fifth electromagnetic valve, 20, a fuel supply pipe, 21, an oil sprayer supply pipe, 22, a first oil return branch, 23, a main oil return pipe, 24, a second oil return branch, 25, a cooling pipeline, 26 and a cylinder cover.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments and specific operation procedures of the present invention are given by this embodiment on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
Specific embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the invention comprises an ether-ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank 1, a first pressure sensor 2, a first electromagnetic valve 3, a fuel buffer tank 4, a pressure limiting valve 5, a liquid level indicator 6, a second electromagnetic valve 7, a mass flowmeter 8, a low-pressure pump 9, a third electromagnetic valve 10, a second pressure sensor 11, a high-pressure pump 12, a high-pressure common rail pipe 13, an oil injector 14, a piston 15, a cooling water circulation system 16, a heat exchanger 17, a fourth electromagnetic valve 18, a fifth electromagnetic valve 19, a fuel supply pipe 20, an oil injector supply pipe 21, a first oil return branch 22, a main oil return pipe 23, a second oil return branch 24, a cooling pipeline 25 and a cylinder cover 26; the liquid inlet of the fuel supply pipe 20 is arranged in the ether-ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank 1, the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet of the fuel supply pipe 20 is connected with the liquid inlet of the high-pressure common rail pipe 13, and the first electromagnetic valve 3, the fuel buffer tank 4, the second electromagnetic valve 7, the mass flowmeter 8, the low-pressure pump 9, the third electromagnetic valve 10 and the high-pressure pump 12 are sequentially connected on the fuel supply pipe 20 in series along the fuel flow direction; the first pressure sensor 2 and the second pressure sensor 11 are both arranged on the fuel supply pipe 20, the first pressure sensor 2 is arranged upstream of the first electromagnetic valve 3, and the second pressure sensor 11 is arranged between the third electromagnetic valve 10 and the high-pressure pump 12; the liquid inlet of the fuel injector feed pipe 21 is connected with the liquid outlet of the high-pressure common rail pipe 13, and the liquid outlet of the fuel injector feed pipe 21 is connected with the liquid inlet of the fuel injector 14; the liquid inlet of the main oil return pipe 23 is connected with the liquid return port of the oil sprayer 14, the liquid outlet of the main oil return pipe 23 is arranged in the fuel buffer tank 4, and the heat exchanger 17 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 are sequentially connected on the main oil return pipe 23 in series along the fuel flow direction; the liquid inlet of the first oil return branch 22 is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure common rail pipe 13, and the liquid outlet of the first oil return branch 22 is connected with the main oil return pipe 23; the liquid inlet of the second oil return branch 24 is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure pump 12, the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch 24 is connected with the main oil return pipe 23, and the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch 24 is positioned at the upstream of the heat exchanger 17; the cooling water circulation system 16 is connected with the heat exchanger 17 through a cooling pipeline 25, and the fourth electromagnetic valve 18 is connected in series with the cooling pipeline 25; the pressure limiting valve 5 and the liquid level indicator 6 are arranged on the fuel buffer tank 4; injector 14 is disposed on head 26 and piston 15 is disposed at a lower end of head 26. The inner walls of the ether-ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank 1 and the fuel buffer tank 4 are respectively provided with stainless steel pressure-resistant inner containers, and the inner pipelines of the pressure limiting valve 5 and the liquid level indicator 6 are respectively provided with stainless steel; the sealing parts among all the parts are made of special rubber materials resistant to ammonia corrosion and dimethyl ether dissolution.
In the present invention, the piston 15 is a reduced recess depth further based on a conventional diesel direct injection piston, and weakens the top necking design. The injector 14 has the characteristics of a plurality of injection holes and a large injection hole diameter, and can inject a sufficient amount of the ammonia ether mixed fuel within a preset time range. The internal pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials, and meanwhile, the thimble materials are specified, so that the reliability is improved.
In the implementation process of the invention, the fuel injector 14 is controlled to directly spray liquefied ammonia ether fuel at high pressure for three times at 60-20 ℃ before the top dead center of the compression stroke, wherein the mass ratio is 20% of the total injection quantity, and the first injection is performed at 60 ℃ before the top dead center, and the mass ratio is 10% of the total injection quantity; the second injection is performed at 40 degrees before the upper dead center, and the mass ratio is 5% of the total injection quantity; the third injection was 20 degrees before top dead center with a mass ratio of 5% of the total injection. Controlling the fuel injector 14 to directly spray at high pressure again 10 degrees before the top dead center of the compression stroke, wherein the mass ratio is 75% of the total injection quantity; 60 degrees after the top dead center of the expansion stroke, the fuel injector 15 is controlled to directly spray trace ammonia ether fuel at high pressure into the cylinder, and the mass ratio is 5% of the total injection quantity.
The foregoing describes a specific mode of operation of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular manner of operation described hereinabove, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The fuel supply system of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine comprises an ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank (1) and is characterized by further comprising a first pressure sensor (2), a first electromagnetic valve (3), a fuel buffer tank (4), a pressure limiting valve (5), a liquid level indicator (6), a second electromagnetic valve (7), a mass flowmeter (8), a low-pressure pump (9), a third electromagnetic valve (10), a second pressure sensor (11), a high-pressure pump (12), a high-pressure common rail pipe (13), an oil injector (14), a piston (15), a cooling water circulation system (16), a heat exchanger (17), a fourth electromagnetic valve (18), a fifth electromagnetic valve (19), a fuel supply pipe (20), an oil injector feed pipe (21), a first oil return branch (22), a main oil return pipe (23), a second oil return branch (24), a cooling pipeline (25) and a cylinder cover (26);
the ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank (1) is internally provided with ammonia ether single composite fuel, a liquid inlet of a fuel supply pipe (20) is arranged in the ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank (1), a liquid outlet of the liquid inlet of the fuel supply pipe (20) is connected with a liquid inlet of a high-pressure common rail pipe (13), and a first electromagnetic valve (3), a fuel buffer tank (4), a second electromagnetic valve (7), a mass flowmeter (8), a low-pressure pump (9), a third electromagnetic valve (10) and a high-pressure pump (12) are sequentially connected on the fuel supply pipe (20) in series along the fuel flow direction; the first pressure sensor (2) and the second pressure sensor (11) are arranged on the fuel supply pipe (20), the first pressure sensor (2) is arranged at the upstream of the first electromagnetic valve (3), and the second pressure sensor (11) is arranged between the third electromagnetic valve (10) and the high-pressure pump (12);
the liquid inlet of the oil sprayer feed pipe (21) is connected with the liquid outlet of the high-pressure common rail pipe (13), and the liquid outlet of the oil sprayer feed pipe (21) is connected with the liquid inlet of the oil sprayer (14);
the liquid inlet of the main oil return pipe (23) is connected with the liquid return port of the oil sprayer (14), the liquid outlet of the main oil return pipe (23) is arranged in the fuel buffer tank (4), and the heat exchanger (17) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (18) are sequentially connected on the main oil return pipe (23) in series along the fuel flow direction; the liquid inlet of the first oil return branch (22) is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure common rail pipe (13), and the liquid outlet of the first oil return branch (22) is connected with the main oil return pipe (23); the liquid inlet of the second oil return branch (24) is connected with the oil return port of the high-pressure pump (12), the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch (24) is connected with the main oil return pipe (23), and the liquid outlet of the second oil return branch (24) is positioned at the upstream of the heat exchanger (17);
the cooling water circulation system (16) is connected with the heat exchanger (17) through a cooling pipeline (25), and the fourth electromagnetic valve (18) is connected in series on the cooling pipeline (25);
the pressure limiting valve (5) and the liquid level indicator (6) are arranged on the fuel buffer tank (4);
the fuel injector (14) is arranged on a cylinder cover (26), and the piston (15) is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder cover (26).
2. The fuel supply system of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inner walls of the ether ammonia mixed fuel liquid storage tank (1) and the fuel buffer tank (4) are stainless steel pressure-resistant inner containers, and the internal pipelines of the pressure limiting valve (5) and the liquid level indicator (6) are also stainless steel; the sealing parts among all the parts are made of special rubber materials resistant to ammonia corrosion and dimethyl ether dissolution.
3. The fuel supply system of an aminoether mixed fuel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the recess in the top of the piston (15) is small to reduce the overall volume of the combustion chamber and to increase the in-cylinder fuel braking thermal efficiency.
4. A fuel supply system for an aminoether mixed fuel engine according to claim 3, characterized in that said in-cylinder fuel braking thermal efficiency BTE AD The calculation formula of the (%):
wherein P is out The braking power output by the engine is kW; LHV (liquid suction volume) NH3 Is the lower heating value of ammonia, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; LHV (liquid suction volume) DME Is the low-grade heat value of dimethyl ether, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as a unit; q (Q) AD The mass flow rate of the ammonia ether mixed fuel is kg/h.
5. The fuel supply system of the ammonia ether mixed fuel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonia ether fuel is stored in a fuel liquid storage tank (1) as a single fuel, the novel fuel is prepared by mixing liquid ammonia as a main body and liquid dimethyl ether in proportion, the ammonia energy ratio in the fuel is not less than 60%, and the ammonia energy ratio R NH3 (%) can be calculated from the following formula:
wherein LHV NH3 Is the lower heating value of ammonia, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; LHV (liquid suction volume) DME Is the low-grade calorific value of dimethyl ether, and the unit is MJ/kg; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as percent.
6. A method of efficient combustion using the fuel supply system of the hybrid fuel-fueled engine according to claim 1, wherein the injection of the urethane fuel employs an in-cylinder multi-stage direct injection strategy within a predetermined range of the control of the excess air ratio of the urethane fuel.
7. The efficient combustion method as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said ammonia ether fuel has an excess air ratio lambda AD The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein Q is air Air flow in kg/h; m is m NH3 The mass ratio of ammonia is expressed as a unit; m is m DME The mass ratio of the dimethyl ether is expressed as a unit; TAFR (TAFR) NH3 Is the theoretical excess air ratio of ammonia; TAFR (TAFR) DME Is the theoretical excess air coefficient of dimethyl ether; q (Q) AD Is the flow rate of the ammonia ether fuel, and the unit is kg/h.
8. The efficient combustion method of claim 5, wherein the in-cylinder multi-stage direct injection strategy is: the method comprises the steps of directly injecting liquefied ammonia ether fuel at high pressure for one to three times at 60-20 ℃ before the top dead center of a compression stroke, wherein the mass ratio of the liquefied ammonia ether fuel is less than 20% of the total injection quantity; high-pressure direct injection is carried out again at 5-15 ℃ before the top dead center of the compression stroke, and the injection quantity accounts for more than 75% of the total oil quantity; in the expansion stroke, the high-pressure direct injection trace ammonia ether fuel enters the cylinder, and the mass ratio is about 5%.
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