CN117501585A - 用于无线功率设备的软磁环 - Google Patents
用于无线功率设备的软磁环 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117501585A CN117501585A CN202280042720.7A CN202280042720A CN117501585A CN 117501585 A CN117501585 A CN 117501585A CN 202280042720 A CN202280042720 A CN 202280042720A CN 117501585 A CN117501585 A CN 117501585A
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- Prior art keywords
- wireless charging
- electronic device
- charging coil
- soft magnetic
- magnet
- Prior art date
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Abstract
设备或附件可包括近场通信天线和与该近场通信天线同心的软磁环。该设备或附件还可包括:至少一个无线充电线圈,该至少一个无线充电线圈与该近场通信天线同心;整流器,该整流器耦接到该至少一个无线充电线圈;和电池,该电池被配置为从该整流器接收整流电压。该软磁环可用于分流来自外部电子设备中的一个或多个邻近磁体的磁通量,以防止磁体相互排斥。该软磁环可被吸附到外部设备中的磁体上,以帮助对准两个配合设备中的无线充电线圈。
Description
本申请要求于2021年7月20日提交的美国专利申请17/380,957号以及于2021年6月17日提交的美国临时专利申请63/211,700号的优先权,这些专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开整体涉及功率***,并且更具体地,涉及用于给电子设备充电的无线功率***。
背景技术
在无线充电***中,无线功率传输设备将功率无线地传输到无线功率接收设备。磁体可用于使无线功率传输设备和无线功率接收设备彼此对准。
在运行期间,该无线功率传输设备使用无线功率传输线圈向无线功率接收设备传输无线功率信号。无线功率接收设备具有线圈和整流器电路。该无线功率接收设备的线圈接收来自无线功率传输设备的交流无线功率信号。整流器电路将接收的信号转换为直流功率。
发明内容
可在电子设备之间无线地传输功率。诸如蜂窝电话、无线充电圆盘、电池壳体及其它装备之类的设备可具有无线功率线圈。传输和接收功率的设备中的线圈可磁性地对准。可通过将无线传输功率的设备中的线圈对准到无线接收功率的设备中的重叠线圈来确保正常运行。为了磁性地对准和附接第一设备和第二设备以在它们的线圈之间进行功率传送,第一设备和第二设备可以设置有相应的配合对准磁体。该对准磁体可以布置成诸如环之类的图案。
根据一些实施方案,具有软磁环的设备可插置在相同类型或型号的两个外部设备之间。外部设备可各自具有对准磁体。第一外部设备具有与该设备的第一面配合的背面。第二外部设备具有与该设备的第二面配合的背面。以这种方式配合,该设备中的该软磁环分流来自该第一外部设备中的磁体的磁通量,同时分流来自该第二外部设备中的磁体的磁通量,以防止两个磁体相互排斥。该设备还可包括:至少一个无线充电线圈,该至少一个无线充电线圈与该软磁环同心;和近场通信天线,该近场通信天线与该软磁环同心。该设备可以是电池壳体、可移除壳体或其它附件。
根据一些实施方案,诸如蜂窝电话之类的设备可设置有软磁环。该设备还可包括:无线充电线圈,该无线充电线圈与该软磁环同心;和近场通信天线,该近场通信天线与该软磁环同心。此类设备可直接与相同类型或型号的另一设备配合,而不会使软磁环相互排斥。此类设备还可与具有磁体的无线充电圆盘兼容。
附图说明
图1为根据一些实施方案的例示性无线功率***的示意图。
图2为根据一些实施方案的一对配合的电子设备中例示性无线功率电路的示意图。
图3为根据一些实施方案的用于无线功率传送的背对背配置中的例示性第一电子设备和第二电子设备的透视图。
图4A、图4B、图5A和图5B为例示性对准磁体布置的示意图。
图6A为根据一些实施方案的用于通过具有软磁环的附件进行无线功率传送的背对背配置中的例示性第一电子设备和第二电子设备的横截面侧视图。
图6B示出了根据一些实施方案如何使用图6A的附件中的软磁环分流来自第一电子设备和第二电子设备内的磁体的磁通量。
图6C为根据一些实施方案的具有无线充电线圈、近场通信(NFC)天线和软磁环的例示性电子设备的俯视图(平面视图)。
图7为根据一些实施方案的具有软磁环的例示性附件的横截面侧视图。
图8为根据一些实施方案的具有插置在电子设备和无线充电圆盘之间的软磁环的例示性附件的横截面侧视图。
图9为根据一些实施方案的各自具有软磁环并且以用于无线功率传送的背对背配置操作的例示性第一电子设备和第二电子设备的横截面侧视图。
图10A为根据一些实施方案的具有安装在无线充电圆盘上的软磁环的例示性电子设备的横截面侧视图。
图10B示出了根据一些实施方案如何使用图10A的电子设备内的软磁环分流来自无线充电圆盘内的磁体的磁通量。
具体实施方式
无线功率***包括电子设备,诸如腕表、蜂窝电话、平板计算机、膝上型计算机、可移除壳体、电子设备附件、无线充电垫、无线充电圆盘和/或其它电子装备。这些电子设备具有无线功率电路。例如,电子设备可具有无线功率线圈。一些设备使用无线功率线圈来传输无线功率信号。其它设备使用无线功率线圈来接收所传输的无线功率信号。如果需要,无线功率***中的一些设备可具有传输无线信号和接收无线信号的能力。作为示例,蜂窝电话或其他便携式电子设备可具有可用于从充电圆盘或其他无线传输设备接收无线功率信号并且还可用于将无线功率传输到另一无线功率设备(例如,另一蜂窝电话)的线圈。具有用于传输和/或接收无线功率信号的一个或多个无线功率线圈的设备可称为无线功率设备。具有功率传输能力的设备有时可称为无线功率传输设备或无线功率设备。具有功率接收能力的设备有时可称为无线功率接收设备或无线功率设备。
图1中示出了含有两个或两个以上无线功率设备的无线功率***。如图1所示,无线功率***8可包括无线功率设备10。***8中的每个无线功率设备可包括含有一个或多个部件的外壳,诸如电源12、控制电路14、无线功率电路16、输入-输出设备18和对准磁体20。该外壳可由聚合物、金属、玻璃、陶瓷、其它材料和/或这些材料的组合形成。
电源12可包括将来自交流电源的墙壁电源(干线电源)转换为直流电源以向设备10的电路供电的交流-直流电源适配器,和/或可包括诸如电池之类的直流电源。如果需要,可通过从无线功率传输设备接收无线功率信号来对具有电池的设备进行无线地充电。
***8的每个设备10中的控制电路14用于控制***8的操作。此控制电路可包括与微处理器、电源管理单元、基带处理器、数字信号处理器、微控制器、片上***(SoC)和/或具有处理电路的专用集成电路相关联的处理电路。处理电路在设备10中实现期望的控制和通信特征。例如,处理电路可用于处理用户输入、处理设备10之间的协商、发送和接收带内和带外数据、进行测量、估计功率损耗、确定功率传输电平以及以其它方式控制***8的操作。
***8中的控制电路14可被配置为使用硬件(例如专用硬件或电路)、固件和/或软件在***8中执行操作。用于在***8中执行操作的软件代码和其他数据存储在控制电路8中的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(例如,有形计算机可读存储介质)上。软件代码有时可被称为软件、数据、程序指令、指令或代码。非暂态计算机可读存储介质可包括非易失性存储器诸如非易失性随机存取存储器(NVRAM)、一个或多个硬盘驱动器(例如,磁盘驱动器或固态驱动器)、一个或多个可移动闪存驱动器、或其他可移动介质等。存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的软件可在控制电路14的处理电路上执行。处理电路可包括具有处理电路的专用集成电路、一个或多个微处理器、中央处理单元(CPU)或其他处理电路。
设备10使用无线功率电路16在设备10之间传输和/或接收无线功率信号22。每个设备10的无线功率电路16可包括一个或多个线圈。其中每个设备10具有单个线圈的配置在本文中有时可作为示例进行描述。
***10中的每个设备10可具有任选的输入-输出设备18。输入-输出设备18可包括用于采集用户输入和/或进行环境测量的输入设备,并且可包括用于向用户提供输出的输出设备。例如,输入-输出设备18可包括用于创建视觉输出的显示器、用于将输出呈现为音频信号的扬声器、发光二极管状态指示灯以及用于发射向用户提供状态信息和/或其它息的光的其它发光部件、用于生成振动和其它触觉输出的触觉设备和/或其它输出设备。
输入-输出设备18还可包括用于采集来自用户的输入和/或用于对***8的周围环境进行测量的传感器。可包括在输入-输出设备18中的例示性传感器包括三维传感器(例如,诸如结构光传感器的三维图像传感器,其发射光束并且使用二维数字图像传感器从当光束照亮目标时产生的光斑采集用于三维图像的图像数据;双目三维图像传感器,其使用双目成像布置中的两个或多个相机来采集三维图像;三维激光雷达(光检测和测距)传感器;三维射频传感器;或采集三维图像数据的其它传感器)、相机(例如,具有相应的红外和/或可见数字图像传感器的红外和/或可见光相机,和/或紫外光相机)、注视跟踪传感器(例如,基于图像传感器以及(如果需要)发射一个或多个光束的光源的注视跟踪***,其中在用户的眼睛反射光束之后,使用图像传感器来跟踪该一个或多个光束)、触摸传感器、按钮、电容式接近传感器、基于光的(光学)接近传感器(诸如红外接近传感器)、其它接近传感器、力传感器、传感器(诸如基于开关的接触传感器)、气体传感器、压力传感器、湿度传感器、磁传感器、音频传感器(麦克风)、环境光传感器、用于对目标对象进行光谱测量和其它测量(例如,通过发射光以及测量所反射的光)的光学传感器、用于采集语音命令和其它音频输入的麦克风、距离传感器、被配置为采集关于运动、位置和/或方向的信息的运动、位置和/或方向传感器(例如,加速度计、陀螺仪、罗盘和/或包括所有这些传感器或这些传感器中的一者或两者的子集的惯性测量单元)、传感器(诸如检测按钮按压输入的按钮)、具有检测操纵杆运动的传感器的操纵杆、键盘和/或其它传感器。每个设备10可省略设备18中的一些或全部设备,或者可包括设备18中的一个或多个设备。
输入-输出设备18还可包括无线通信电路,诸如射频(RF)通信电路和近场通信(NFC)电路。使用这些NFC部件传送的数据可被视为带外信号,并且可使用每个设备内的独立NFC天线来辐射。NFC电路可包括作为NFC读取器(有时称为接近耦合设备或PCD)和/或作为NFC标签(有时称为接近电感耦合卡或PICC)操作的电路。NFC标签可以是主动的或被动的。主动NFC标签可主动地向NFC读取器传输信号,而被动NFC标签调制由NFC读取器传输的载波波形。示例性NFC通信以13.56MHz操作。在一些实施方案中,NFC通信可采用10GHz或以上(至约300GHz)的毫米/厘米波技术。
***8中的设备10具有对准磁体20以促进一对设备10彼此磁性附接和对准。例如,每个设备10可具有有助于将该设备10对准到另一设备的磁体20,使得每个相应设备中的线圈重叠并且被定位用于无线功率传送。使用用于线圈对准的磁体20能够在设备10之间良好地传送功率。
如图2所示,无线功率电路16可包括耦接到对应功率和通信电路26的无线功率线圈36。每个设备10中可以有一个或多个线圈36。例如,设备10可各自包括单个线圈和/或***8中的一个或多个设备10可包括多个线圈36。在设备10具有多于一个线圈36的布置中,线圈36可布置成二维阵列(例如,覆盖充电表面的重叠线圈的二维阵列)和/或可堆叠在彼此之上(例如,以允许在设备的相对侧上传输和/或接收无线信号)。为了促进第一设备和第二设备之间的无线功率传输,第一设备和第二设备的线圈可彼此邻近放置(例如,第一设备中的线圈可与第二设备中的对应线圈重叠并且对准)。
功率和通信电路26可包括逆变器28和整流器30。电路26还可包括通信电路,诸如发射器32和接收器34。当需要以无线方式传输功率时,传输设备中的逆变器28可向传输设备中的对应线圈36提供交流信号(电流)。这些交流信号可以具有50kHz-1MHz、100kHz-250kHz、至少100kHz、小于500kHz的频率或其它合适的频率。当交流信号流过传输设备中的线圈36时,生成交流电磁信号(例如,磁场或磁通量信号),并且由接收设备中的相邻线圈36接收。这会在接收设备的线圈36中感应出交流信号(电流),该交流信号被接收设备中的对应整流器30整流成直流功率。整流器30可向设备10内的负载(例如,电池)或其它电子部件提供直流功率。在设备10具有逆变器和整流器两者的布置中,双向功率传送是可能的。每个设备可使用其逆变器28来传输功率,或者可使用其整流器30来接收功率。
发射器32和接收器34可用于无线通信。在一些实施方案中,可支持带外通信(例如,在一个或多个射频通信频带中使用射频天线的通信和/或其它无线通信)。在其它实施方案中,线圈36可用于传输和/或接收带内通信数据。可使用任何合适的调制方案来支持带内通信,包括模拟调制、频移键控(FSK)、幅移键控(ASK)和/或相移键控(PSK)。在例示性实施方案中,FSK通信和ASK通信用于在***8中的设备10之间传输带内通信流量。例如,无线功率传输设备可使用其发射器32在无线功率传送操作期间将频移施加到由其逆变器28供应到其线圈36的交流信号上,并且无线功率接收设备可使用其线圈36及其接收器34来接收这些FSK信号。此场景中的接收设备可使用其发射器32来调制其线圈36的阻抗,从而产生流经无线功率传输设备线圈的电流的对应变化,该变化使用无线功率传输设备中的接收器34来检测和解调。以此方式,无线功率接收设备中的发射器32可使用ASK通信来将带内数据传输到无线功率传输设备中的接收器34,同时无线功率将从无线功率传输设备传送到无线功率接收设备。在一些实施方案中,一些设备10具有发射器32和接收器34两者,并且其它设备10仅具有发射器32或仅具有接收器34。
希望设备10能够传达信息,诸如所接收的功率、电池充电状态、功率测量等,以控制无线功率传送。本技术考虑避免传输个人可识别信息以便提供无线功率传送功能。出于充分的谨慎,需要注意的是,在某种程度上,如果该充电技术的任何具体实施涉及使用个人可识别信息(例如,在身份验证期间),则实施者应遵循通常被认为符合或超过行业或政府要求以维护用户隐私的隐私政策和实践。具体地,应管理和处理个人可识别信息数据,以使无意或未经授权的访问或使用的风险最小化,并应当向用户明确说明授权使用的性质。
为了确保令人满意的无线功率传送和带内通信,设备10可具有对准磁体20。设备10的外壳可由金属、聚合物、玻璃和/或永磁体(诸如对准磁体20)产生的直流磁场可以穿过的其它材料形成。对准磁体20可用于帮助确保成对(配合)设备中的线圈36之间的对准。磁体20可具有环形形状或其它合适的形状,并且可各自包括一个或多个永磁体元件,该永磁体元件在便于设备10彼此对准和附接的位置具有磁极对。例如,磁体20可被配置为使得当第一设备中的磁体20磁性地附接到第二设备中的对应磁体20时,第一设备的线圈36将与第二设备的线圈36重叠并对准。
有时可能希望在相同类型的两个设备(例如,相同型号的第一蜂窝电话和第二蜂窝电话)之间传送功率。每个设备可以具有安装在设备的外壳内的线圈。线圈可邻近外壳的后壁(背部壁)安装且可被配置为经由后壁传输及接收无线信号。在例示性布置中,后壁可由电介质(诸如玻璃或聚合物)形成。当希望在第一设备和第二设备之间传送功率时,第二设备可以图3所示类型的背对背布置放置在第一设备的顶部上。如图3的示例所示,第一电子设备10A具有正面(前部)FA和相对的背面(背部或后部)RA。在图2的取向上放置在第一设备10A的顶部上的第二电子设备10B具有正面(前部)FB并且具有相对的背面(背部或后部)RB。设备10A和设备10B各自在其正面具有显示器。当背对背放置以对准设备10A和设备10B的相应线圈时,背面RA和背面RB彼此相对,如图3所示。背面RA和背面RB可以例如在设备10A和设备10B配合时彼此接触。
图4A为从设备正面观察的电子设备对准磁体20的俯视图(前视图)。如图4A所示,磁体20具有一个或多个永磁体元件20C,该永磁体元件的磁极对在X-Y平面中定向,使得每个元件共有的磁极位于具有相反磁极的同心内环区域和外环区域中,其中内环区域IR具有第一磁极性(在图4A的示例中为南)并且外环区域OR具有第二磁极性(在图4A的示例中为北)。图4A和图4B以及其它附图中的N(表示北极)和S(表示南极)的名称是例示性的。应当理解,在整个说明书中,这些名称可以颠倒而不失一般性(例如,在任何给定的实施方案中,S可以换成N,反之亦然)。这种对准磁体极性模式允许包括磁体20的设备磁性地附接到具有对应环形对准磁体20'的另一设备,该对应环形对准磁体具有极性相反的磁极(参见,例如图5A的磁体20',其中内部和外部垂直磁体组以同心圆的方式布置,使得内环区域IR具有极性为北的暴露磁极,并且外环区域OR具有极性为南的暴露磁极)。以这种方式配置的磁体20有时被称为环形磁体阵列。
图4B为沿图4A的线42截取并沿方向44观察的图4A的磁体20的横截面侧视图。如图4B所示,磁体20产生由从北(N)极到南(S)极的磁场线45示出的磁通量。从北极发出的磁场线45可在Z方向上向上(或向下)弯曲,并且在向下(或向上)弯曲以终止于南极之前朝向磁体20的中心40径向延伸。
图5A为无线充电圆盘中的对准磁体20'的俯视图(前视图)。如图5A所示,磁体20'具有带相反磁极的同心内磁环区域和外磁环区域,其中内环区域IR具有第一磁极性(在图5A的示例中为北)并且外环区域OR具有第二磁极性(在图5A的示例中为南)。这种对准磁体极性模式允许包括磁体20'的设备磁性地附接到具有图4A和图4B中所示类型的对应环形对准磁体20的另一设备。
图5B为沿图5A的线46截取并沿方向48观察到的图5A的磁体20'的横截面侧视图。如图5B所示,充电圆盘的磁体20'可具有一个或多个永磁体元件20C,每个永磁体元件由两个垂直定向(即,在z轴上)的磁极对组成,这两个磁极对可存在于一种均质材料中或作为安装在一起的两种单独材料存在,每个磁极对具有垂直堆叠(在z轴上)在第二相对磁极顶部上的第一磁极,使得位于z轴上最上表面(即,z轴的最大正值)处的磁极为每个永磁体元件所共有,并且确定对应外环区域OR和内环区域IR的极性。每个磁体元件20C中的两个垂直定向的磁极对可由非磁化区域51隔开。这使得来自磁体20'的磁通量在z轴的最上表面(即,z轴的最大正值)处垂直定向。铁氧体50有助于将磁通量限制在磁体20'的底部,并且可由任何软磁材料(诸如铁或铁合金)构成。
尽管图4A、图4B、图5A和图5B的布置允许具有磁体20的电子设备与具有磁体20'的充电圆盘配合,但具有图4A和图4B中所示类型的磁体20的第一电子设备和第二电子设备不能彼此配合,因为当第一电子设备和第二电子设备背对背放置以试图对准磁体20时,由第一电子设备的北极组成的外环区域OR将排斥第二电子设备的北极的对应外环区域OR。当重叠时,第一设备和第二设备的南极也将彼此排斥。因此,具有相同磁体20的两个设备可能未适当地对准以用于对等设备之间的无线充电。
转到图6A,***8的设备10可通过将具有软磁环的设备***到具有磁体20的两个设备之间来应对这一挑战,否则当以背对背配置放置时,磁体将相互排斥。如图6A所示,第一电子设备10A可面朝下定向,第二电子设备10B(即,与设备10A相同类型或型号的电子设备)可面向上定向,并且第三设备10C可插置在以背对背配置定向的设备10A和设备10B之间。设备10A和设备10B可各自包括无线功率线圈36(有时称为无线充电线圈)、环绕无线充电线圈36的近场通信(NFC)天线60以及环绕近场通信天线60的磁体20(参见,例如图4A和图4B中所示类型的磁体20)。线圈36、NFC天线60和磁体20可以是同心环形(环状)结构。NFC天线60可用于在设备10之间传输和/或接收带外信息。
图6A的示例仅为例示性的,其中NFC天线60被设置在设备10A和设备10B内的线圈36和磁体20之间。又如,磁体20和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得磁体20***置在线圈36和天线60之间。又如,线圈36和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得线圈36***置在天线60和磁体20之间。又如,线圈36可环绕磁体20,同时NFC天线60环绕线圈36,使得磁体20沿线圈36的内周边缘延伸。又如,线圈36和磁体20的位置可以交换,使得线圈36沿NFC天线60的外周边缘延伸。再如,磁体20可环绕NFC天线60,同时线圈36环绕磁体20,使得磁体20***置在NFC天线60的外周边缘和线圈36的内周边缘之间。如果需要,也可以使用其它非同心布置。
设备10C可以是可移除电池壳体(有时称为外部附件或附件设备)。设备10C具有外壳,该外壳具有被配置为容纳设备10B的凹槽R和/或其它结构。以此方式,用户可将设备10B可移除地附接到设备10C,使得设备10B和设备10C可一起用作便携式单元。当设备10B安装在设备10C上时,设备10C可向设备10B提供补充功率,同时保护设备10B免受由于应力产生事件(诸如掉落事件)而造成的损坏。该示例仅为例示性的,其中设备10C具有成形以容纳设备10B的背面的突起唇缘部分68。在其它实施方案中,设备10C可以没有突出部分68,并且可使用软磁环70磁性地附接到设备10B。
设备10C可包括两个无线功率线圈,诸如线圈62和线圈64。在旁路操作模式期间,线圈62和线圈64被短接在一起。电子部件(诸如电池66)可插置在线圈62和线圈64之间。当在设备10A和设备10B之间传送无线功率时,线圈62和线圈64的短接允许有效地绕过内部设备部件(诸如电池18)。装置10A和设备10B可传输功率和/或可接收无线功率(例如,设备10A和设备10B可在以背对背配置放置时支持双向充电)。例如,在设备10A向设备10B传输无线功率的第一无线充电模式期间,设备10A中的线圈36传输的交流电磁信号由线圈62接收。由于线圈64在该操作模式下短接到线圈62,因此线圈64发射由设备10B中的线圈36接收的电磁信号。又如,在设备10B向设备10A传输无线功率的第二无线充电模式期间,设备10B中的线圈36传输的交流电磁信号由线圈64接收。由于线圈64在该操作模式下短接到线圈62,因此线圈62发射由设备10A中的线圈36接收的电磁信号。
设备10C可包括环绕线圈62和线圈64的近场通信(NFC)天线60。NFC天线60可用于将关于设备10C的信息传送到设备10B和/或设备10A。例如,天线60可被配置为传送设备类型(例如,设备10C是可移除壳体还是无线充电圆盘等)、设备的物理特性(诸如设备的实际颜色)、设备的功能或与该设备相关联的其它信息。
根据一个实施方案,设备10C还可包括环绕NFC天线60的软磁性材料环(参见,例如环70)。环70可由“软”磁性材料形成,该材料被定义为容易磁化和退磁的磁性材料。“硬”(永)磁体可保持其磁性并且具有可以吸引相反极性并排斥同极性的磁极。与“硬”(永)磁体不同的是,软磁性材料仅在施加外部磁场时才被磁化(即具有磁通量),而在移除外部磁场时不会保持其磁性。环70(有时称为软磁环或环状软磁结构)本身不是永磁体并且不具有静磁极,因此它不会排斥其它磁体。
软磁性材料的特征在于高相对磁导率(例如,相对磁导率为至少500、500-1000、至少1000、至少10,000、至少100,000或更高),其测量材料由于所施加的磁场而传导磁通量的难易程度。环70还应当由具有足够饱和通量密度(例如,饱和通量密度为至少0.5T、0.5T-1T、1T-2T或大于2T)的软磁性材料形成,该饱和通量密度测量磁性材料不能再包含更多磁通量的点。
例如,环70可由软磁性材料形成,诸如软铁磁(铁基金属合金)和/或软亚铁磁(铁基陶瓷)材料,其可包括在氢中退火的纯铁(其相对磁导率为200,000,饱和通量密度为2T)、未经退火的纯铁(其相对磁导率为5,000,饱和通量密度为2.2T)、镍(其相对磁导率为100-600,饱和通量密度大于陶瓷铁氧体)、钴(其相对磁导率为18,000,饱和通量密度为1.2T-1.8T)、镀镍钢、软铁氧体、钢、硅钢(例如,含3%-4%硅的铁合金)、低碳钢(例如,含0.2%-0.4%碳的铁合金,其相对磁导率为1000-3000,饱和密度为2.2T)、软纳米晶铁氧体材料(其相对磁导率为10,000-100,000或更高,饱和通量密度为1T-2T)、高导磁合金铁磁合金(其相对磁导率为300,000-400,000,饱和通量密度为0.8T-1.6T)、坡莫合金铁磁合金(其相对磁导率为10,000-100,000或更高,饱和通量密度为0.6T-1.2T)、这些材料的一些组合和/或其它合适的具有高相对磁导率和高饱和通量密度的软磁性材料。
使用具有高相对磁导率和高饱和通量密度的软磁性材料形成的环70使得环70能够阻挡从邻近磁体发出的磁通量并使其短路(分流),同时在环70和邻近磁体之间提供磁/机械吸力。图6B为示出如何使用设备10C中的软磁环70分流来自电子设备10A和设备10B(以背对背配置放置时)内的磁体20的磁通量的横截面侧视图。以这种方式操作,设备10A中的无线充电线圈将与设备10B中的无线充电线圈适当对准。因此,软磁环70有时可称为磁通量分流(短路)结构或磁场分流(短路)结构。
如图6B所示,来自设备10A中的磁体20的磁场72将被软磁环70短路(分流)(例如,源自磁体20的北极的磁场线72朝向环70的外周边缘向上行进,在离开环70的内周边缘之前沿环70的宽度方向朝向设备的中心行进,然后朝向磁体20的南极向下行进)。类似地,来自设备10B中的磁体20的磁场72'也将被软磁环70短路(分流)(例如,源自磁体20的北极的磁场线72'朝向环70的外周边缘向下行进,在离开环70的内周边缘之前沿环70的宽度方向朝向设备的中心行进,然后朝向磁体20的南极向上行进)。如果环70没有插置在磁体20之间,则从设备10A中的磁体20发出的磁场72A将排斥从设备10B中的磁体20发出的磁场72B,这将导致设备10A和设备10B不对准。环70的厚度为T。较厚的环70可保持更多的磁通量,并且因此更好地屏蔽和分流邻近磁体产生的磁场。例如,厚度T可以为至少0.5mm、小于0.5mm、0.5mm-1mm或大于1mm。
图6C为示出例示性设备10C中的无线充电线圈64、NFC天线60和软磁环70的俯视图(前视图)。线圈64可以是环形的(有时称为环形线圈或圆形线圈),并且可具有中心开口,其中一个或多个磁芯任选地形成在该中心开口中。环形NFC天线60可侧向环绕线圈64。NFC天线60有时可被描述为环形或圆形。软磁环70可侧向环绕NFC天线60。环70有时可被描述为环形或圆形。在图6C中,线圈64、天线60和软磁环70是同心的(例如,每个结构64、60和70具有在点C处重合的中心)。天线60沿无线充电线圈64的周边(外)边缘延伸。环70沿NFC天线60的周边(外)边缘延伸。环70可具有与设备10A和设备10B内的磁体20的宽度类似的宽度W。
图6C的示例仅为例示性的,其中NFC天线60被设置在设备10C内的线圈64和环70之间。又如,环70和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得环70***置在线圈64和天线60之间。又如,线圈64和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得线圈64***置在天线60和环70之间。又如,线圈64可环绕环70,同时NFC天线60环绕线圈64,使得环70沿线圈64的内周边缘延伸。又如,线圈36和磁体20的位置可以交换,使得线圈36沿NFC天线60的外周边缘延伸。再如,环70可环绕NFC天线60,同时线圈64围绕环70,使得环70***置在NFC天线60的外周边缘和线圈64的内周边缘之间。如果需要,也可以使用其它非同心布置。在其它适当的实施方案中,无线充电线圈、NFC天线结构和软磁通量分流环结构可以是椭圆形、三角形、矩形、五边形、六边形、八边形或具有另一个多边形覆盖区。
图6A至图6C的示例仅为例示性的,其中可移除电池壳体10B***置在设备10A和设备10B之间以防止磁体20相互排斥。根据另一个实施方案,诸如附件10D的设备还可以包括环绕NFC天线60的软磁环70。附件10D可以是不包括任何无线充电线圈或电池的可移除壳体。设备10D具有外壳,该外壳具有被配置为容纳电子设备10的凹槽R和/或其它结构。用户可将设备10可移除地附接到附件10D,使得设备10和设备10D一起用作便携式单元。该示例仅为例示性的,其中设备10D具有成形以容纳设备10的背面的突起唇缘部分69。在其它实施方案中,设备10D可以没有突出部分69,并且可使用软磁环70磁性地附接到设备10。附接到具有环70的附件10D的设备10可以背对背配置与另一个设备10配合以执行双向无线充电操作。
图8为示出附接到附件(例如,图6A中所示类型的附件10C或图7中所示类型的附件10D)以形成放置在设备10E(例如,无线充电圆盘或垫)上的便携式单元的设备10B的横截面侧视图。设备10B可包括结合图4A和图4B描述的类型的磁体20,其具有极性为北的外环区域OR和极性为南的内环区域IR。设备10E可包括结合图5A和图5B描述的类型的磁体20',其具有极性为南的暴露磁极的外环区域OR和极性为北的暴露磁极的内环区域IR。
堆叠在设备10B和设备10E之间的附件(例如,设备10C或设备10D)包括使用具有高相对磁导率和高饱和通量密度的软磁性材料形成的环70,这使得环70能够阻挡从磁体20和磁体20'发出的磁通量并使其短路(分流),同时在环70与磁体20和磁体20'之间提供磁/机械吸力。如图8所示,插置附件设备中的环70用于分流来自设备10B内的磁体20和来自设备10E内的磁体20'的磁通量。以这种方式操作,设备10B中的无线充电线圈将与设备10E中的无线充电线圈适当地对准,使得设备10E可以最佳效率将无线功率传输到设备10B。因此,软磁环70有时可称为磁通量分流(短路)结构或磁场分流(短路)结构。
来自设备10B中的磁体20的磁场74将被软磁环70短路(分流)(例如,源自磁体20的北极的磁场线74朝向环70的外周边缘向下行进,在离开环70的内周边缘之前沿环70的宽度方向朝向附件的中心行进,然后朝向磁体20的南极向上行进)。类似地,来自设备10E中的磁体20'的磁场76也将被软磁环70短路(分流)(例如,源自磁体20的暴露北极的磁场线76朝向环70的内周边缘向上行进,在离开环70的外周边缘之前沿环70的宽度方向远离附件的中心行进,然后朝向磁体20'的暴露南极向下行进)。
图6至图8的实施方案仅为例示性的,其中软磁环70形成在可以插置在各自包括永(硬)磁体的两个设备10之间的附件内。图9示出了另一个适当的实施方案,其中设备10A和设备10B(例如,相同类型或型号的蜂窝电话)各自包括软磁环70而不是图4A和图4B中所示类型的磁体20,并且以背对背配置堆叠。如图9所示,设备10A具有面向设备10B的背面RB的背面RA。
与结合图6至图8描述的环70类似,设备10A和设备10B内的环70由软磁性材料形成,其特征在于高相对磁导率(例如,相对磁导率为500或更高、500-1000、大于1000、大于10,000或大于100,000)和高饱和通量密度(例如,饱和通量密度为至少0.5T、0.5T-1T、1T-2T或大于2T)。例如,环70可由软的软铁磁和/或软亚铁磁材料形成,其可包括在氢中退火的纯铁、未经退火的纯铁、镍、钴、镀镍钢、软铁氧体、钢、硅钢(例如,含3%-4%硅的铁合金)、低碳钢(例如,含0.2%-0.4%碳的铁合金)、软纳米晶材料、高导磁合金、坡莫合金、这些材料的一些组合和/或其它合适的具有高相对磁导率和高饱和通量密度的软磁性材料。
由于设备10A的环70和设备10B的环70都是在不存在来自DC磁体的外加磁场的情况下不保持任何磁性的软磁结构,因此当设备10A和设备10B以背对背配置堆叠时,环70将不会相互排斥。由于环70在该状态下被消磁,因此设备10A和设备10B之间将不存在磁吸力,并且用户将需要手动对准设备10A和设备10B以确保无线充电线圈36被对准,从而实现最佳无线功率传送。
设备10A和设备10B中的每个设备内的无线充电线圈36、NFC天线60和软磁环70可以是同心(环形)结构。图9的示例仅为例示性的,其中NFC天线60被设置在设备10A和设备10B内的线圈36和环70之间。又如,环70和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得环70***置在线圈36和天线60之间。又如,线圈36和NFC天线60的位置可以交换,使得线圈36***置在天线60和环70之间。又如,线圈36可环绕环70,同时NFC天线60环绕线圈36,使得环70沿线圈36的内周边缘延伸。又如,线圈36和环70的位置可以交换,使得线圈36沿NFC天线60的外周边缘延伸。再如,环70可环绕NFC天线60,同时线圈36围绕环70,使得环70***置在NFC天线60的外周边缘和线圈36的内周边缘之间。如果需要,也可以使用其它非同心布置。在其它适当的实施方案中,线圈36、NFC天线60和环70可以是椭圆形、三角形、矩形、五边形、六边形、八边形或具有另一个多边形覆盖区。
具有软磁环70的设备10B与功率传输设备或者甚至具有磁体的附件兼容。图10A示出了具有安装在设备10E(例如,无线充电圆盘)上的软磁环70的设备10B(例如,蜂窝电话)。如图10A所示,设备10B具有放置在设备10E的顶部充电表面上的背面RB。设备10E包括磁体20'(参见,例如结合图5A和图5B描述的类型的磁体20')。当设备10B安装在设备10E的顶部上时,磁体20'将发射使环70磁化的磁通量。因此,环70将被磁性地吸附到磁体20'上,以对准设备10E和设备10B的无线充电线圈36,同时功率传输设备10E会将无线功率传送到功率接收设备10B。
图10B为示出当设备10B安装在设备10E的顶部上时如何使用设备10B中的软磁环70分流来自电子设备10E内的磁体20'的磁通量的横截面侧视图。以这种方式操作,设备10B中的无线充电线圈将在无线充电操作期间与设备10E中的无线充电线圈适当对准。如图10B所示,来自磁体20'的磁场78将被软磁环70短路(分流)(例如,源自磁体20'的暴露北极的磁场线78朝向环70的内周边缘向上行进,在离开环70的外周边缘之前沿环70的宽度方向远离设备10B的中心行进,然后朝向磁体20'的暴露南极向下行进)。
通常,软磁环70可并入具有无线充电线圈的任何设备、具有电池的任何设备或具有或不具有电池的任何附件中,使得环70可以用于分流来自邻近磁体的磁通量,同时向适当对准的两个配合设备或附件提供磁吸力。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种能够与具有磁体的外部设备一起操作的电子设备,所述电子设备包括:无线充电线圈;整流器,所述整流器耦接到所述无线充电线圈;电池,所述电池被配置为从所述整流器接收整流电压;近场通信天线,所述近场通信天线与所述无线充电线圈同心;和软磁环,所述软磁环与所述无线充电线圈同心,当所述外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环分流来自所述外部设备中的所述磁体的磁通量。
根据另一个实施方案,所述外部设备具有附加无线充电线圈,并且当所述外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环被吸附到所述外部设备中的所述磁体上,以使所述无线充电线圈和所述附加无线充电线圈对准。
根据另一个实施方案,当所述外部设备在所述电子设备的第一表面处配合时以及当附加外部设备在所述电子设备的第二表面处配合时,所述软磁环分流来自所述附加外部设备中的附加磁体的磁通量,以防止所述磁体排斥所述附加磁体,其中所述第二表面与所述第一表面相对。
根据另一个实施方案,所述外部设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;所述外部设备的所述背面与所述电子设备的所述第一表面配合;所述附加外部设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;并且所述附加外部设备的所述背面与所述电子设备的所述第二表面配合。
根据另一个实施方案,在第一无线充电模式期间,所述无线充电线圈被配置为将无线功率从所述外部设备传送到所述附加外部设备;并且在第二无线充电模式期间,所述无线充电线圈被配置为将无线功率从所述附加外部设备传送到所述外部设备。
根据另一个实施方案,当附加外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环既不排斥也不吸附所述附加外部设备中的附加软磁环。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由相对磁导率为至少1000的材料形成的。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由从以下各项组成的组中选择的软磁性材料形成的:铁、镍、钴、钢、铁氧体、钢、纳米晶材料、高导磁合金和坡莫合金。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由饱和通量密度为至少0.5特斯拉的材料形成的。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种使用附件的方法,所述方法包括:利用所述附件的第一面,与第一电子设备接触,所述第一电子设备具有第一无线充电线圈和与所述第一无线充电线圈同心的第一磁体;利用所述附件的与所述第一面相对的第二面,与第二电子设备接触,所述第二电子设备具有第二无线充电线圈和与所述第二无线充电线圈同心的第二磁体;利用所述附件中的软磁环,在所述附件与所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备接触时,通过分流来自所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的磁通量来防止所述第一磁体排斥所述第二磁体;利用所述软磁环,将所述第一无线充电线圈与所述第二无线充电线圈对准;以及当所述第一无线充电线圈与所述第二无线充电线圈对准时,通过所述附件的外壳在所述第一无线充电线圈和所述第二无线充电线圈之间传送无线功率。
根据另一个实施方案,所述附件包括与所述软磁环同心的近场通信天线;所述方法包括:利用所述近场通信天线,将与所述附件相关联的信息传送到所述第一电子设备。
根据另一个实施方案,所述附件包括第三无线充电线圈、第四无线充电线圈和电池;所述方法包括:在第一无线充电模式期间,短接所述第三无线充电线圈和所述第四无线充电线圈以绕过所述电池,使用所述第三无线充电线圈从所述第一电子设备中的所述第一无线充电线圈接收无线功率,并且使用所述第四无线充电线圈将所接收的无线功率传输到所述第二电子设备中的所述第二无线充电线圈;以及在第二无线充电模式期间,短接所述第三无线充电线圈和所述第四无线充电线圈以绕过所述电池,使用所述第四无线充电线圈从所述第二电子设备中的所述第二无线充电线圈接收无线功率,并且使用所述第三无线充电线圈将所接收的无线功率传输到所述第一电子设备中的所述第一无线充电线圈。
根据另一个实施方案,所述第一电子设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;所述第一电子设备的所述背面与所述附件的所述第一面接触;所述第二电子设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;并且所述第二电子设备的所述背面与所述附件的所述第二面接触。
根据另一个实施方案,所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备为相同的型号。
根据另一个实施方案,所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备包括蜂窝电话。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种能够与电子设备一起操作的附件,所述附件包括:外壳,所述外壳具有被配置为容纳具有磁体的所述电子设备的面;环形近场通信天线;和软磁环,所述软磁环与所述环形近场通信天线同心,所述软磁环被配置为在所述电子设备被容纳在所述外壳的所述面处时分流来自所述磁体的磁通量。
根据另一个实施方案,所述附件包括:至少一个无线充电线圈,所述至少一个无线充电线圈与所述环形近场通信天线同心并且被配置为传输或接收来自所述电子设备中的附加无线充电线圈的无线功率;整流器,所述整流器耦接到所述无线充电线圈;和负载,所述负载被配置为从所述整流器接收整流电压。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由相对磁导率为至少1000的材料形成的。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由从以下各项组成的组中选择的软磁性材料形成的:铁、镍、钴、钢、铁氧体、钢、纳米晶材料、高导磁合金和坡莫合金。
根据另一个实施方案,所述软磁环是由饱和通量密度为至少0.5特斯拉的材料形成的。
前述内容仅为例示性的并且可对所述实施方案作出各种修改。前述实施方案可独立实施或可以任意组合实施。
Claims (20)
1.一种能够与具有磁体的外部设备一起操作的电子设备,所述电子设备包括:
无线充电线圈;
整流器,所述整流器耦接到所述无线充电线圈;
电池,所述电池被配置为从所述整流器接收整流电压;
近场通信天线,所述近场通信天线与所述无线充电线圈同心;和
软磁环,所述软磁环与所述无线充电线圈同心,其中当所述外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环分流来自所述外部设备中的所述磁体的磁通量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中:
所述外部设备具有附加无线充电线圈;并且
当所述外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环被吸附到所述外部设备中的所述磁体上,以使所述无线充电线圈和所述附加无线充电线圈对准。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中当所述外部设备在所述电子设备的第一表面处配合时以及当附加外部设备在所述电子设备的第二表面处配合时,所述软磁环分流来自所述附加外部设备中的附加磁体的磁通量,以防止所述磁体排斥所述附加磁体,其中所述第二表面与所述第一表面相对。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电子设备,其中:
所述外部设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;
所述外部设备的所述背面与所述电子设备的所述第一表面配合;
所述附加外部设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;并且
所述附加外部设备的所述背面与所述电子设备的所述第二表面配合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电子设备,其中:
在第一无线充电模式期间,所述无线充电线圈被配置为将无线功率从所述外部设备传送到所述附加外部设备;并且
在第二无线充电模式期间,所述无线充电线圈被配置为将无线功率从所述附加外部设备传送到所述外部设备。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中当附加外部设备与所述电子设备配合时,所述软磁环既不排斥也不吸附所述附加外部设备中的附加软磁环。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中所述软磁环是由相对磁导率为至少1000的材料形成的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中所述软磁环是由从以下各项组成的组中选择的软磁性材料形成的:铁、镍、钴、钢、铁氧体、钢、纳米晶材料、高导磁合金和坡莫合金。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中所述软磁环是由饱和通量密度为至少0.5特斯拉的材料形成的。
10.一种使用附件的方法,所述方法包括:
利用所述附件的第一面,与第一电子设备接触,所述第一电子设备具有第一无线充电线圈和与所述第一无线充电线圈同心的第一磁体;
利用所述附件的与所述第一面相对的第二面,与第二电子设备接触,所述第二电子设备具有第二无线充电线圈和与所述第二无线充电线圈同心的第二磁体;
利用所述附件中的软磁环,在所述附件与所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备接触时,通过分流来自所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的磁通量来防止所述第一磁体排斥所述第二磁体;
利用所述软磁环,将所述第一无线充电线圈与所述第二无线充电线圈对准;以及
当所述第一无线充电线圈与所述第二无线充电线圈对准时,通过所述附件的外壳在所述第一无线充电线圈和所述第二无线充电线圈之间传送无线功率。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述附件包括与所述软磁环同心的近场通信天线,所述方法还包括:
利用所述近场通信天线,将与所述附件相关联的信息传送到所述第一电子设备。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述附件包括第三无线充电线圈、第四无线充电线圈和电池,所述方法还包括:
在第一无线充电模式期间,短接所述第三无线充电线圈和所述第四无线充电线圈以绕过所述电池,使用所述第三无线充电线圈从所述第一电子设备中的所述第一无线充电线圈接收无线功率,并且使用所述第四无线充电线圈将所接收的无线功率传输到所述第二电子设备中的所述第二无线充电线圈;以及
在第二无线充电模式期间,短接所述第三无线充电线圈和所述第四无线充电线圈以绕过所述电池,使用所述第四无线充电线圈从所述第二电子设备中的所述第二无线充电线圈接收无线功率,并且使用所述第三无线充电线圈将所接收的无线功率传输到所述第一电子设备中的所述第一无线充电线圈。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中:
所述第一电子设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;
所述第一电子设备的所述背面与所述附件的所述第一面接触;
所述第二电子设备具有带显示器的正面和与其正面相对的背面;并且
所述第二电子设备的所述背面与所述附件的所述第二面接触。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备为相同的型号。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述第一电子设备和所述第二电子设备包括蜂窝电话。
16.一种能够与电子设备一起操作的附件,所述附件包括:
外壳,所述外壳具有被配置为容纳具有磁体的所述电子设备的面;
环形近场通信天线;和
软磁环,所述软磁环与所述环形近场通信天线同心,其中所述软磁环被配置为在所述电子设备被容纳在所述外壳的所述面处时分流来自所述磁体的磁通量。
17.根据权利要求16所述的附件,还包括:
至少一个无线充电线圈,所述至少一个无线充电线圈与所述环形近场通信天线同心并且被配置为传输或接收来自所述电子设备中的附加无线充电线圈的无线功率;
整流器,所述整流器耦接到所述无线充电线圈;和
负载,所述负载被配置为从所述整流器接收整流电压。
18.根据权利要求16所述的附件,其中所述软磁环是由相对磁导率为至少1000的材料形成的。
19.根据权利要求16所述的附件,其中所述软磁环是由从以下各项组成的组中选择的软磁性材料形成的:铁、镍、钴、钢、铁氧体、钢、纳米晶材料、高导磁合金和坡莫合金。
20.根据权利要求16所述的附件,其中所述软磁环是由饱和通量密度为至少0.5特斯拉的材料形成的。
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