CN117489569B - Compressed air energy storage system, control method and multi-stage heat storage tank - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system, control method and multi-stage heat storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN117489569B CN117489569B CN202310945649.XA CN202310945649A CN117489569B CN 117489569 B CN117489569 B CN 117489569B CN 202310945649 A CN202310945649 A CN 202310945649A CN 117489569 B CN117489569 B CN 117489569B
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 401
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compressed air energy storage system, a control method and a multi-stage heat storage tank, and relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage. The system comprises a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage heat exchanger, a gas storage tank, a multi-stage heat exchanger, a multi-stage expander and a multi-stage heat storage tank; the multi-stage heat exchangers correspond to the multi-stage compressors, and each stage of heat exchanger is arranged on a gas path behind the gas outlet of the corresponding compressor; the air storage tank is arranged on the air path between the heat exchanger and the heat regenerator; the multi-stage heat regenerator corresponds to the multi-stage expander, and each stage of heat regenerator is arranged on an air path in front of an air inlet of the corresponding expander; the multi-stage heat storage tank is arranged on a heat storage medium loop between the corresponding heat exchanger and the corresponding heat regenerator; the multi-stage heat storage tank comprises a high-temperature heat storage tank, a medium-temperature heat storage tank and a normal-temperature heat storage tank, wherein the high-temperature heat storage tank and the medium-temperature heat storage tank adopt double-layer heat storage tanks, high-temperature media are stored in an inner layer, and medium-temperature media are stored in an outer layer. The above structure further improves the utilization efficiency of the heat energy generated in the process of compressing the air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a compressed air energy storage system, a control method and a multi-stage heat storage tank.
Background
Compressed AIR ENERGY storage, CAES, is a technology that uses compressed air to store energy. The compressed air energy storage is to store the heat energy generated in the process of compressing the air by the compressor, has the characteristics of large energy storage capacity, long storage time and no pollution, and is a technology which is considered to be suitable for GW-level large-scale electric energy storage after water pumping and energy storage.
In the related compressed air energy storage technology, heat energy is stored in a distributed mode according to different temperature ranges, so that the utilization efficiency of the heat energy is improved, and the applicant finds that the utilization efficiency of the heat energy can be further improved in research.
The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problem of providing a compressed air energy storage system, a control method and a multi-stage heat storage tank, which have the characteristic of further improving the utilization efficiency of heat energy generated in the process of compressing air.
In a first aspect, an embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage system comprising a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage heat exchanger, an air storage tank, a multi-stage heat exchanger, a multi-stage expander, and a multi-stage heat storage tank;
The multi-stage heat exchangers correspond to the multi-stage compressors, and each stage of heat exchanger is arranged on a gas path behind the corresponding compressor gas outlet so as to enable heat storage medium in the heat exchanger to exchange heat with gas on the gas path behind the compressor gas outlet;
The air storage tank is arranged on an air path between the heat exchanger and the heat regenerator;
The multi-stage heat regenerator corresponds to the multi-stage expander, and each stage of heat regenerator is arranged on an air path in front of the air inlet of the corresponding expander so as to enable heat storage medium in the heat regenerator to exchange heat with air on the air path in front of the air inlet of the expander;
the multi-stage heat storage tank is arranged on a heat storage medium loop between the corresponding heat exchanger and the corresponding heat regenerator so as to realize storage and release of the heat storage medium;
the multistage heat storage tank comprises a high-temperature heat storage tank, a medium-temperature heat storage tank and a normal-temperature heat storage tank, wherein the high-temperature heat storage tank and the medium-temperature heat storage tank adopt double-layer heat storage tanks, high-temperature media are stored in an inner layer, and medium-temperature media are stored in an outer layer.
The multi-stage heat exchanger comprises a first-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the first-stage compressor, a second-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the second-stage compressor and a third-stage heat exchanger corresponding to the third-stage compressor;
the outlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank is respectively communicated with the heat storage medium inlets of the primary heat exchanger, the secondary heat exchanger and the tertiary heat exchanger;
The first-stage heat exchanger comprises at least one heat exchanger, and at least the heat storage medium outlet of the heat exchanger closest to the outlet of the first-stage compressor is communicated with the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank;
And the heat storage medium outlets of the secondary heat exchanger and the tertiary heat exchanger are communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank.
In one embodiment, the heat storage medium outlets of the multistage heat exchanger are all provided with temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the heat storage medium outlet medium; and the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are provided with flow regulating valves so as to regulate the flow of the entering heat storage medium.
In one embodiment, the multi-stage expander comprises a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander which are sequentially arranged in the direction of gas flow, and the multi-stage regenerator comprises a first-stage regenerator corresponding to the first-stage expander and a second-stage regenerator corresponding to the second-stage expander;
The first-stage heat regenerator comprises a first heat regenerator and a second heat regenerator which are sequentially arranged in the direction of gas flow; the heat storage medium inlet of the first heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank, and the heat storage medium outlet is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank; the heat storage medium inlet of the second heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank; the heat storage medium inlet of the secondary heat regenerator is communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet of the secondary heat regenerator is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank.
In one embodiment, the medium temperature heat storage tank comprises an inner medium storage area, an outer medium storage area and a plurality of medium storage areas which are communicated; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank.
In one embodiment, the high temperature heat storage tank comprises an inner and an outer multi-layer and communicated multi-layer medium storage area; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank.
In one embodiment, the multi-stage heat storage tank adopts a three-layer heat storage tank, a high-temperature medium is stored in an inner layer, a medium-temperature medium is stored in an intermediate layer, and a normal-temperature medium is stored in an outer layer; the temperature of the normal-temperature medium is higher than the ambient temperature of the multi-stage heat storage tank.
In a second aspect, an embodiment provides a control method of a compressed air energy storage system, which is implemented based on any of the above compressed air energy storage systems, and includes:
and controlling the inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank, and controlling the flow of the heat storage medium flowing into the medium-temperature heat storage tank to enable the heat storage medium in the medium-temperature heat storage tank to flow into the high-temperature heat storage tank after the heat storage medium is filled.
In one implementation, the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are provided with flow regulating valves to regulate the flow of the entering heat storage medium; and controlling the inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank through the flow regulating valve, so that the heat storage medium in the medium-temperature heat storage tank flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank after being filled.
In a third aspect, an embodiment provides a multi-stage heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system, including a medium temperature heat storage tank and a high temperature heat storage tank, where the high temperature heat storage tank and the medium temperature heat storage tank adopt a double-layer heat storage tank, a high temperature medium is stored in an inner layer, and a medium temperature medium is stored in an outer layer;
the medium-temperature heat storage tank comprises an inner medium storage area, an outer medium storage area and a plurality of medium storage areas, wherein the inner medium storage area and the outer medium storage area are communicated; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank.
In one embodiment, the high temperature heat storage tank comprises an inner and an outer multi-layer and communicated multi-layer medium storage area; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
due to the inner and outer layered structures of the high-temperature heat storage tank and the medium-temperature heat storage tank, the medium-temperature heat storage medium of the outer layer has a certain heat preservation effect on the high-temperature medium of the inner layer. Because the temperature of the common medium-temperature heat storage medium is obviously higher than the ambient temperature, the high-temperature heat storage tank is arranged on the inner side of the medium-temperature heat storage tank, the ambient temperature of the high-temperature heat storage tank is improved, and compared with the case that the high-temperature heat storage tank is directly arranged at the ambient temperature, the heat exchange loss of the high-temperature heat storage tank and the external ambient temperature can be reduced, and the heat preservation effect of the high-temperature heat storage medium is improved. And under the condition of the same heat preservation performance or higher heat preservation performance, the heat preservation requirement on the material or structure requirement of part of the high-temperature heat storage tank body can be reduced, so that the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compressed air energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a medium temperature heat storage tank according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a high temperature heat storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the illustration, 11 is a first-stage compressor, 12 is a second-stage compressor, 13 is a third-stage compressor, 21 is a first-stage heat exchanger, 22 is a second-stage heat exchanger, 23 is a third-stage heat exchanger, 30 is an air storage tank, 41 is a high-temperature heat storage tank, 42 is a medium-temperature heat storage tank, 43 is a low-temperature heat storage tank, 511 is a first regenerator, 512 is a second regenerator, 52 is a second-stage regenerator, 61 is a first-stage expander, and 62 is a second-stage expander.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered alike in association. In the following embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted, or replaced by other elements, materials, or methods in different situations. In some instances, related operations of the present application have not been shown or described in the specification in order to avoid obscuring the core portions of the present application, and may be unnecessary to persons skilled in the art from a detailed description of the related operations, which may be presented in the description and general knowledge of one skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics of the description may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments.
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "coupled" as used herein includes both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated.
For convenience of explanation of the inventive concept of the present application, a brief explanation of the compressed air energy storage technology is provided below.
The compressed air energy storage system comprises an air compressor (hereinafter referred to as a compressor), a heat exchanger, an air storage tank, a heat regenerator, an expander and a heat storage tank. During energy storage, air is compressed through the compressor and stored in the air storage tank, compression heat is generated in the compression process of the air, the compression heat exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, and heat storage media after heat exchange enter the heat storage tank. When energy is released, the gas in the gas storage tank enters the heat regenerator, and heat exchange is carried out on the inflow gas by the heat storage medium flowing out of the heat storage tank in the heat regenerator, so that the regenerated gas enters the expander to do work, and the work can be used for pushing the generator to generate electricity.
For the heat storage tank, at present, there are more than two stages of heat storage tanks, including a high-temperature heat storage tank and a medium-temperature heat storage tank, the temperature of a heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage tank can reach more than 200 ℃, the temperature of a heat storage medium in the medium-temperature heat storage tank can reach more than 60 ℃, and some heat storage tanks with normal temperature exist. At present, the heat storage tanks of different levels are separately arranged, and the heat preservation of the heat storage medium in the heat storage tank is mainly determined by the heat preservation performance of the heat storage tank.
Based on the above, in one embodiment of the application, a compressed air energy storage system is provided, in the system, through the hierarchical heat preservation design of the multi-stage heat storage tank, the heat preservation performance of the heat storage medium in the heat storage tank is improved, so that the utilization efficiency of heat energy generated in the process of compressing air is further improved, and the material or structure requirements on part of the heat storage tank body can be reduced under the condition of the same heat preservation performance or higher heat preservation performance, so that the cost is reduced. Referring to fig. 1, the compressed air energy storage system includes a multi-stage compressor (11, 12, 13), a multi-stage heat exchanger (21, 22, 23), an air tank 30, a multi-stage regenerator (511, 512, 52), a multi-stage expander (61, 62), and a multi-stage heat storage tank (41, 42, 43).
The multi-stage heat exchangers correspond to the multi-stage compressors, and each stage of heat exchanger is arranged on a gas path behind the corresponding compressor gas outlet, so that heat storage medium in the heat exchanger exchanges heat with gas on the gas path behind the compressor gas outlet.
The air tank 30 is disposed in the air path between the heat exchanger and the regenerator. The multi-stage heat regenerator corresponds to the multi-stage expander, and each stage of heat regenerator is arranged on an air path in front of the air inlet of the corresponding expander, so that heat storage medium in the heat regenerator exchanges heat with air on the air path in front of the air inlet of the expander. The multistage heat storage tank is arranged on a heat storage medium loop between the corresponding heat exchanger and the corresponding heat regenerator so as to realize storage and release of the heat storage medium. The multi-stage heat storage tank includes a high temperature heat storage tank 42, a medium temperature heat storage tank 42, and a normal temperature heat storage tank 43. Wherein, the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 and the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 adopt double-layer heat storage tanks, high-temperature medium is stored in the inner layer, and medium-temperature medium is stored in the outer layer.
The inner and outer layered structures of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 and the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 can make the medium-temperature heat storage medium of the outer layer have a certain heat preservation effect on the high-temperature medium of the inner layer. Because the temperature of the medium-temperature heat storage medium is obviously higher than the ambient temperature, the high-temperature heat storage tank is arranged at the inner side of the medium-temperature heat storage tank, the ambient temperature of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 is improved, and compared with the case that the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 is directly arranged at the ambient temperature, the heat exchange loss between the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 and the external ambient temperature can be reduced, and the heat preservation effect on the high-temperature heat storage medium is improved. And, under the condition of the same heat preservation performance or higher heat preservation performance, the heat preservation requirement on the material or structure requirement of the tank body of the part of high-temperature heat storage tank 41 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration of the compressed air energy storage system shown in fig. 1 is not limiting of the compressed air energy storage system and may include more or fewer components than shown, or certain components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components.
As an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, for the middle temperature heat storage tank 42 located at the outer layer, the specific structure may include inner and outer layers and communicated multi-layer medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42.
If the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 includes three layers, the inlet of the medium storage area of the first layer (innermost layer) is taken as the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42, the outlet of the medium storage area of the first layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the second layer (middle layer), the outlet of the medium storage area of the second layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the third layer (outermost layer), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the third layer is taken as the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 from inside to outside. Thus, when the heat storage medium enters the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, the innermost layer of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, namely the nearest layer wrapping the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is filled first, and when the heat storage medium is extracted from the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, the outermost layer of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, namely the outermost layer wrapping the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is extracted first, so that the medium temperature heat storage medium always wraps the outer side of the shell of the high temperature heat storage tank 41 to the greatest extent, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is improved.
As an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 3, for the high temperature heat storage tank 41 located at the inner layer, the specific structure may include inner and outer layers and communicating multi-layer medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41.
If the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 includes three layers, the inlet of the medium storage area of the third layer (outermost layer) is taken as the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, the outlet of the medium storage area of the third layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the second layer (middle layer), the outlet of the medium storage area of the second layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the first layer (innermost layer), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the first layer is taken as the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 from outside to inside. Thus, when the heat storage medium enters the high temperature heat storage tank 41, the outermost layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 41, that is, the nearest layer wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is filled first, and when the heat storage medium is extracted from the high temperature heat storage tank 41, the outermost layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 41, that is, the farthest layer wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is extracted first, so that the high temperature heat storage medium is always wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage medium to the greatest extent, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is improved.
As an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the multi-stage compressor includes a primary compressor 11, a secondary compressor 12, and a tertiary compressor 13 arranged in this order in the gas flow direction, and the multi-stage heat exchanger includes a primary heat exchanger 21 corresponding to the primary compressor 11, a secondary heat exchanger 22 corresponding to the secondary compressor 12, and a tertiary heat exchanger 23 corresponding to the tertiary compressor 13. Because compression heat is generated in the working process of the compressors, the gas coming out of the outlet of each stage of compressor has higher temperature, so that a heat exchanger is arranged on the gas path behind the outlet of each stage of compressor, and heat storage medium (such as heat storage oil or water) flowing through the heat exchanger can exchange heat with the gas flowing through the heat exchanger, and at the moment, the temperature of the gas is reduced and the temperature of the heat storage medium is increased after heat exchange.
As an embodiment of the present application, the outlets of the normal temperature heat storage tank 43 are respectively communicated with the heat storage medium inlets of the primary heat exchanger 21, the secondary heat exchanger 22 and the tertiary heat exchanger 23, so that the heat storage medium flowing out of the normal temperature heat storage tank 43 flows into the primary heat exchanger 21, the secondary heat exchanger 22 and the tertiary heat exchanger 23 respectively, and exchanges heat with the gas on the gas circuit after the corresponding compressor outlets.
Wherein it is understood that each stage of heat exchanger may comprise at least one heat exchanger. In case the primary heat exchanger 21 comprises at least one heat exchanger, at least the heat storage medium outlet of the heat exchanger closest to the outlet of the primary compressor 11 is in communication with the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank. In this way, the heat storage medium obtained by heat exchange after the outlet of the first-stage compressor 11 can flow into the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42, that is, the heat storage medium can flow into the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 first each time the compressor is operated.
As an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the heat storage medium outlets of the secondary heat exchanger 22 and the tertiary heat exchanger 23 are communicated with the inlet of the high temperature heat storage tank 41.
Based on the above-described structure, since the heat storage medium outlet of at least the heat exchanger closest to the outlet of the primary compressor 11 is communicated with the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42, and the heat storage medium outlets of the secondary heat exchanger 22 and the tertiary heat exchanger 23 are communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, each time the compressor is operated, the heat storage medium can be made to flow into the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 first and then into the high-temperature heat storage tank 41. In this way, the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is filled with the heat storage medium first, and then the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is filled with the heat storage medium, so that the shell outer layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 42 is wrapped by the high temperature medium, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is further improved.
As an embodiment of the application, the heat storage medium outlets of the multi-stage heat exchanger are all provided with temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the heat storage medium at the heat storage medium outlets; and the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are provided with flow regulating valves so as to regulate the flow of the entering heat storage medium. The flow regulating valve can regulate the opening degree so as to regulate the flow of the medium, and further regulate the temperature of the medium, and the smaller the opening degree of the valve is, the more the temperature of the medium rises, and the temperature of the heat storage medium at the outlet of each stage of heat exchanger is controlled through the synergistic effect of the temperature sensor and the flow regulating valve. As can be appreciated, since the primary heat exchanger 21 inputs the normal temperature heat storage medium and outputs the medium temperature heat storage medium, the corresponding flow rate adjusting valve has a relatively larger opening, and the medium temperature flow rate is larger, so as to ensure that enough medium temperature medium is coated on the outer layer of the casing of the high temperature heat storage tank 41.
As an embodiment of the present application, the multi-stage expander includes a first-stage expander 61 and a second-stage expander 62 arranged in this order in the direction of gas flow, and the multi-stage regenerator includes a first-stage regenerator (511, 512) corresponding to the first-stage expander 61 and a second-stage regenerator 52 corresponding to the second-stage expander 62. Based on this structure, the gas in the gas storage tank 30 enters the regenerator, and the heat storage medium flowing out of the heat storage tank in the regenerator exchanges heat with the flowing-in gas to raise the temperature of the gas entering the expander, so that the regenerated gas enters the expander to perform work, and the work can be used to push the generator to generate power.
As an embodiment of the present application, the first stage regenerator includes a first regenerator 511 and a second regenerator 512 sequentially arranged in a gas flow direction; the heat storage medium inlet of the first regenerator 511 is connected to the outlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, and the heat storage medium outlet is connected to the inlet of the normal temperature heat storage tank 43. The heat storage medium inlet of the second regenerator 512 is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank 43. The heat storage medium inlet of the second-stage regenerator 52 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank 43.
Based on the above structure, the first regenerator 511 flows through the medium temperature heat storage medium, and the second regenerator 512 flows through the high temperature heat storage medium; both of which can realize a function of gradually increasing the temperature of the compressed gas from the gas tank 30. The regenerated gas enters the primary expander 61 to do work, the temperature of the gas output from the primary expander 61 is reduced, and the gas is subjected to temperature recovery through the high-temperature heat storage medium flowing through the secondary regenerator 52, so that the gas can enter the secondary expander 62 to do work. And the temperature of the heat storage medium flowing out of the regenerator after heat exchange is reduced to a normal temperature medium and stored in the normal temperature heat storage tank 43.
Based on the compressed air energy storage system, the heat preservation performance of the heat storage medium in the heat storage tank is improved, so that the utilization efficiency of heat energy generated in the process of compressing air is further improved, and the material or structure requirements on part of the heat storage tank body can be reduced under the condition of the same heat preservation performance or higher heat preservation performance, so that the cost is reduced.
As an embodiment of the present application, in the case where the temperature of the heat storage medium in the normal temperature heat storage tank 43 is higher than the ambient temperature where the surroundings are located, the multi-stage heat storage tank may employ a three-layer heat storage tank in which the high temperature medium is stored in the inner layer, the medium temperature medium is stored in the middle layer, and the normal temperature medium is stored in the outer layer, thereby further improving the heat preservation effect of the medium temperature medium and the heat preservation effect of the high temperature medium. It is understood that, in the case of designing the three-layer heat storage tank based on the structure of each level of heat storage tank and the communication manner with the outside when the two-layer heat storage tank is adopted, the structure of each level of heat storage tank and the communication manner with the outside are all within the protection scope of the present application.
An embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a compressed air energy storage system, which is implemented based on any of the above compressed air energy storage systems, and includes:
The inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank is controlled, and the flow rate of the heat storage medium flowing into the intermediate-temperature heat storage tank 42 is controlled so that the heat storage medium in the intermediate-temperature heat storage tank 42 is filled and then flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank 41. In this way, the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is filled with the heat storage medium, and then the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is filled with the heat storage medium, so that the shell outer layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 42 is wrapped by the high temperature medium, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is further improved.
In one embodiment, the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are all provided with flow regulating valves so as to regulate the flow of the entering heat storage medium; the inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank is controlled by the flow rate control valve so that the heat storage medium in the intermediate-temperature heat storage tank 42 flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 after being filled.
In one embodiment of the present application, a multi-stage heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system is provided, referring to fig. 1, the multi-stage heat storage tank includes a medium temperature heat storage tank 42 and a high temperature heat storage tank 41, the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 and the high temperature heat storage tank 41 adopt a double-layer heat storage tank, a high temperature medium is stored in an inner layer, and the medium temperature medium is stored in an outer layer.
The inner and outer layered structures of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 and the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 can make the medium-temperature heat storage medium of the outer layer have a certain heat preservation effect on the high-temperature medium of the inner layer. Since the temperature of the medium-temperature heat storage medium is obviously higher than the ambient temperature, setting the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 inside the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 is equivalent to increasing the ambient temperature where the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 is located, and compared with directly setting the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 at the ambient temperature, the heat exchange loss between the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 and the ambient temperature can be reduced, and the heat preservation effect on the high-temperature heat storage medium can be improved. And, under the condition of the same heat preservation performance or higher heat preservation performance, the heat preservation requirement on the material or structure of the tank body of the part of high-temperature heat storage tank 41 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, for the middle temperature heat storage tank 42 in the outer layer, the specific structure may include inner and outer layers and communicating multi-layer medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42.
If the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 includes three layers, the inlet of the medium storage area of the first layer (innermost layer) is taken as the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42, the outlet of the medium storage area of the first layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the second layer (middle layer), the outlet of the medium storage area of the second layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the third layer (outermost layer), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the third layer is taken as the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 42 from inside to outside. Thus, when the heat storage medium enters the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, the innermost layer of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, namely the nearest layer wrapping the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is filled first, and when the heat storage medium is extracted from the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, the outermost layer of the medium temperature heat storage tank 42, namely the outermost layer wrapping the high temperature heat storage tank 41 is extracted first, so that the medium temperature heat storage medium always wraps the outer side of the shell of the high temperature heat storage tank 41 to the greatest extent, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is improved.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, for the high temperature heat storage tank 41 in the inner layer, the specific structure may include inner and outer layers and communicated multi-layer medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41.
If the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 includes three layers, the inlet of the medium storage area of the third layer (outermost layer) is taken as the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41, the outlet of the medium storage area of the third layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the second layer (middle layer), the outlet of the medium storage area of the second layer is taken as the inlet of the medium storage area of the first layer (innermost layer), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the first layer is taken as the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 41 from outside to inside. Thus, when the heat storage medium enters the high temperature heat storage tank 41, the outermost layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 41, that is, the nearest layer wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is filled first, and when the heat storage medium is extracted from the high temperature heat storage tank 41, the outermost layer of the high temperature heat storage tank 41, that is, the farthest layer wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage tank 42 is extracted first, so that the high temperature heat storage medium is always wrapped by the medium temperature heat storage medium to the greatest extent, and the heat preservation effect on the high temperature heat storage medium is improved.
In the case where the temperature of the heat storage medium in the normal temperature heat storage tank 43 is higher than the ambient temperature where the surroundings are located, the multi-stage heat storage tank may employ a three-layer heat storage tank, the high temperature medium is stored in the inner layer, the medium temperature medium is stored in the middle layer, and the normal temperature medium is stored in the outer layer, thereby further improving the heat retaining effect of the medium temperature medium and the heat retaining effect of the high temperature medium. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may design the three-layer heat storage tank based on the above-described structure of each of the heat storage tanks when the two-layer heat storage tank is adopted, and the structure of each of the heat storage tanks is within the scope of the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration of the thermal storage tank shown in fig. 2 or 3 is not limiting and may include more or fewer layers or different shapes than illustrated, or some combination of structural shapes, or different layered and shaped structures.
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, based on the idea of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The compressed air energy storage system is characterized by comprising a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage heat exchanger, an air storage tank (30), a multi-stage heat regenerator, a multi-stage expander and a multi-stage heat storage tank;
The multi-stage heat exchangers correspond to the multi-stage compressors, and each stage of heat exchanger is arranged on a gas path behind the corresponding compressor gas outlet so as to enable heat storage medium in the heat exchanger to exchange heat with gas on the gas path behind the compressor gas outlet;
the air storage tank (30) is arranged on an air path between the heat exchanger and the heat regenerator;
The multi-stage heat regenerator corresponds to the multi-stage expander, and each stage of heat regenerator is arranged on an air path in front of the air inlet of the corresponding expander so as to enable heat storage medium in the heat regenerator to exchange heat with air on the air path in front of the air inlet of the expander;
the multi-stage heat storage tank is arranged on a heat storage medium loop between the corresponding heat exchanger and the corresponding heat regenerator so as to realize storage and release of the heat storage medium;
The multi-stage heat storage tank comprises a high-temperature heat storage tank (41), a medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) and a normal-temperature heat storage tank (43), wherein the high-temperature heat storage tank (41) and the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) adopt double-layer heat storage tanks, high-temperature media are stored in an inner layer, and medium-temperature media are stored in an outer layer;
The multi-stage compressor comprises a first-stage compressor (11), a second-stage compressor (12) and a third-stage compressor (13) which are sequentially arranged in the direction of gas flow, wherein the multi-stage heat exchanger comprises a first-stage heat exchanger (21) corresponding to the first-stage compressor, a second-stage heat exchanger (22) corresponding to the second-stage compressor and a third-stage heat exchanger (23) corresponding to the third-stage compressor;
The outlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank (43) is respectively communicated with the heat storage medium inlets of the primary heat exchanger (21), the secondary heat exchanger (22) and the tertiary heat exchanger (23);
The primary heat exchanger (21) comprises at least one heat exchanger, wherein a heat storage medium outlet of at least the heat exchanger closest to the outlet of the primary compressor (11) is communicated with an inlet of a medium-temperature heat storage tank (42);
The heat storage medium outlets of the secondary heat exchanger (22) and the tertiary heat exchanger (23) are communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41);
The medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) comprises an inner medium storage area, an outer medium storage area and a plurality of medium storage areas which are communicated; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank (42), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42).
2. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the heat storage medium outlets of the multi-stage heat exchangers are each provided with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the heat storage medium outlet medium; and the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are provided with flow regulating valves so as to regulate the flow of the entering heat storage medium.
3. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage expander includes a primary expander (61) and a secondary expander (62) arranged in order in a direction of gas flow, the multi-stage regenerator including a primary regenerator corresponding to the primary expander (61) and a secondary regenerator (52) corresponding to the secondary expander (62);
The first-stage heat regenerator comprises a first heat regenerator (511) and a second heat regenerator (512) which are sequentially arranged in the direction of gas flow; the heat storage medium inlet of the first heat regenerator (511) is communicated with the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42), and the heat storage medium outlet is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank (43); the heat storage medium inlet of the second heat regenerator (512) is communicated with the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41), and the outlet is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank (43); the heat storage medium inlet of the secondary heat regenerator (52) is communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41), and the outlet is communicated with the inlet of the normal-temperature heat storage tank (43).
4. The compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature heat storage tank (41) comprises an inner and an outer multi-layer and communicating multi-layer medium storage area; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41).
5. The compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the multi-stage heat storage tank employs a three-layer heat storage tank, a high temperature medium is stored in an inner layer, a medium temperature medium is stored in an intermediate layer, and a normal temperature medium is stored in an outer layer; the temperature of the normal-temperature medium is higher than the ambient temperature of the multi-stage heat storage tank.
6. A method of controlling a compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that it is implemented on the basis of a compressed air energy storage system according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
The inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank is controlled, and the flow rate of the heat storage medium flowing into the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) is controlled so that the heat storage medium in the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) is filled and then flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank (41).
7. The method of controlling a compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the inlets of the multistage heat exchangers are each provided with a flow rate adjustment valve to adjust the flow rate of the incoming heat storage medium; and the inflow of the heat storage medium in the multi-stage heat storage tank is controlled through the flow regulating valve, so that the heat storage medium in the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank (41) after being filled.
8. A multi-stage heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that the multi-stage heat storage tank is applied to the compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises a medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) and a high-temperature heat storage tank (41), wherein the high-temperature heat storage tank (41) and the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42) adopt double-layer heat storage tanks, high-temperature media are stored in an inner layer, and medium-temperature media are stored in an outer layer;
Wherein, the medium temperature heat storage tank (42) comprises an inner layer medium storage area, an outer layer medium storage area and a plurality of communicated medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from inside to outside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank (42), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank (42).
9. The multi-stage heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system according to claim 8, wherein the high temperature heat storage tank (41) comprises inner and outer multi-layer and communicating multi-layer medium storage areas; the flowing direction of the heat storage medium is from outside to inside, the inlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41), and the outlet of the medium storage area of the outermost layer is the inlet of the adjacent layer; the inlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the adjacent layer, and the outlet of the medium storage area of the innermost layer is the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (41).
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