CN117466479A - 一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,首先将豆制品废水通过格栅过滤,拦截掉渗滤液中存在的较大的悬浮垃圾和颗粒,再通过旋流沉砂池进行沉砂过滤,过滤出水入调节池调节均匀水质水量,调节池内同步进行PH的调节;调节池出水泵提升进入EGSB厌氧反应器中,进行厌氧发酵,降解有机污染物,反应器出水自流进入两级AO生化处理工艺,进行有机污染物的降解和氮类污染物脱除,最后通过混凝沉淀深度处理工艺对废水进行泥水分离,保证废水达标排放。通过在预处理中取消混凝沉淀单元,充分利用废水中的溶解态、胶体态有机物进行厌氧发酵,从而最大程度回收沼气并进行资源化利用,在降低运行成本的同时实现了节能降耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种工业生产废水——豆制品生产废水的资源化处理工艺,尤其涉及一种低碳资源化处理工艺,属于污水处理领域。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济全球化的发展,中国生产工业也以极快的速度迅猛发展。豆制品因含有丰富且优质的蛋白质,各种维生素,膳食纤维,还有钙、铁等丰富的微量元素,愈加受到消费者青睐,从而促使豆制品生产行业的不断扩大。豆制品生产时,在原料处理,清洗、脱水、各种切割、精加工、以及脱臭,蒸煮等过程中均会产生大量的废水,煮豆浆会导致废水水温高,压榨过滤产生的黄泔水含有大量的蛋白质、有机酸、悬浮物和其他碳水化合物,需科学合理地进行污水处理。处理过程中应利用好废水余热及可资源化物质,选择低能耗的处理工艺降解有机物,从而降低废水处理的运行成本并实现增益。
目前,本领域常用的豆制品行业废水处理工艺,主要采用预处理、生化处理与深度处理相结合的方法,虽然上述工艺对此类废水可进行效处理,但上述工艺还存在以下不足:
第一是废水预处理中常采用的混凝沉淀单元,日常运营中需投加大量混凝和絮凝药剂,一方面,运营成本高,同时大量的悬浮物致使产生的污泥较多,而对于豆制品生产企业,无法自己消纳污泥,需要外运处置,其处置费用相对较高,造成企业负担较重。
第二是大量悬浮态有机物被转化为物化污泥未被利用,造成了资源浪费,不利用企业可持续化清洁生产。
第三是废水预处理混凝沉淀后,出水容易酸化,为确保厌氧工艺段正常运营,碱投加量较大,是运营费用高昂的另一主要原因。
为了解决上述问题,真正意义上为豆制品生产企业减负,我们发明了一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,利用简洁的预处理工艺去除可沉淀物质,继而通过厌氧工艺进行厌氧发酵,对废水中绝大多数有机物实现资源化回收,后端的AO及混凝沉淀处理工艺用于保证出水水质稳定达标。
发明内容
为了解决现有的豆制品废水处理工艺中存在的各种不足,本申请提出了一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺。
本身请提出的豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺利用五个工艺单元来实现,所述的五个工艺单元分别为:
预处理单元S1、EGSB厌氧处理单元S2、AO生化处理单元S3、混凝沉淀处理单元S4和污泥处理单元S5;所述处理工艺包括以下步骤:
1),利用预处理单元S1对豆制品废水进行预处理,具体包括:将豆制品废水通过格栅过滤,再通入旋流沉砂池沉砂进行过滤,沉砂池出水自流进入调节池,控制物料水力停留时间为8-12h,池内投加碱液,进行水质调节,得到碱性混合液;
2),利用EGSB厌氧处理单元S2对废水进行厌氧处理,具体包括:将步骤1)中得到的碱性混合液泵入EGSB厌氧反应器中进行处理,其中进水COD浓度≤19000mg/L,出水COD浓度≤1900mg/L,去除率≥90%;容积负荷6~8kgCOD/(m3·d);EGSB反应器内混合液在高负荷厌氧污泥环境下得以净化,经过三相分离后收集后,得到低有机物浓度的出水和沼气。
3),利用AO处理单元S3进行两级AO生化处理,具体包括:厌氧处理单元的出水自流进入AO生化处理单元中的A池与O池中与回流的泥水相结合,控制A池的DO浓度在0.5mg/L以下,pH值为7-8,O池控制溶氧在2~4mg/L,pH值为6-9。在缺氧好氧交替的环境下混合液中,氨氮被硝化细菌转化为硝态氮,硝态氮又在反硝化菌的作用下转化为氮气,从而实现脱氮,得到低氨氮、总氮的出水;同时厌氧未完全去除的有机物在O池内好氧微生物的作用下,被继续降解为二氧化碳和水,其中产生的少量污泥通过排泥泵进入污泥浓缩池。
4),利用混凝沉淀处理单元S4进行深度处理,具体包括:O池出水自流进入混凝沉淀处理单元,进一步去除未被好氧微生物利用的有机物、悬浮物和总磷,处理时间为60-90min,沉淀处理后的废水达标排放。
5),利用污泥处理单元S5进行污泥处理,具体包括:EGSB厌氧处理单元S2、AO处理单元S3、混凝沉淀处理单元S4中产生的污泥通入污泥浓缩池,浓缩污泥通过污泥泵打入叠螺压滤机中压滤,得到的滤饼进行无害化处理。
所述的预处理单元S1由机械格栅、旋流沉砂池和调节池组成,所述的预处理单元S1的进水水质条件为:COD含量为18000-25000mg/L,BOD含量10000-20000mg/L,悬浮物浓度为800-5000mg/L,氨氮含量为100-300mg/L,总氮含量150-500为mg/L,总磷含量10-50mg/L,pH值为3-4。
所述的AO处理单元S3运行控制条件为:COD负荷为0.1-0.2kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d),污泥浓度为4000-8000mg/L,温度为15-38℃,硝化液回流比为100-300%。
所述的混凝沉淀处理单元S4处理后的废水COD含量≤50mg/L,BOD含量≤10mg/L,悬浮物浓度≤10mg/L,氨氮含量≤5mg/L,总氮含量≤15为mg/L,总磷含量≤0.5mg/L,pH值为6-9。
所述污泥处理单元S5利用污泥浓缩池对产生的污泥进行减量化处理,降低污泥最终处理成本,可将污泥采用污泥浓缩池浓缩至含水率96%以下,然后进行机械脱水至含水率80%以下,制成泥饼外运处理。
附图说明
图1为一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺流程示意图
具体实施方式
如图1所示,本发明专利为一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,其包含:预处理单元S1、EGSB厌氧处理单元S2、AO处理单元S3、混凝沉淀处理单元S4、污泥处理单元S5。
所述的预处理单元S1由1~2mm过滤精度的机械格栅、旋流沉砂池和调节池组成。机械格栅可有效截留过滤废水中的大颗粒杂物(如豆渣、石子等),保护后端构筑物、管道、机械设备不被异物堵塞。格栅出水自流进入旋流沉砂池,由于旋流产生的离心力,把比重较大的无机物颗粒甩向外层而下沉,比重较轻的有机物旋至水流的中心部位随水带走。砂砾在重力和旋流力的综合作用下,沉入池底与水分离,旋流沉砂池出水自流接入调节池。因豆制品加工废水的排放量大有机物浓度高,水温较高,易腐败酸化,废水PH值可达到5左右,为创造良好的厌氧环境,废水在调节池内进行水量调节、水质均质和PH调节。预处理单元S1出水泵提进入S2处理单元。
所述的EGSB厌氧处理单元S2为向上流的圆柱状塔形反应器,由进水配水***、出水回流***、反应区、三相分离区和出水渠***组成。废水经进水分配***将进水均匀地分配到整个反应器的底部,并产生一个均匀的上升流速,然后通过厌氧颗粒污泥床,在此有机物转化为沼气。污泥颗粒、沼气和出水在顶部的三相分离器内进行分离。处理后的水从出水槽流出自流进入S3,沼气从三相分离器收集后由沼气管线排出,颗粒污泥则返回颗粒污泥膨胀床内。该反应器的进水COD浓度≤19000mg/L,出水COD浓度≤1900mg/L,去除率≥90%;容积负荷6~8kgCOD/(m3·d)。
所述的AO处理单元S3由A池和O池组成,在A池段,活性污泥中的反硝化细菌利用氧化态氮和废水中的含碳有机物进行反硝化作用,使化合态氮转化为分子态氮,获得同时去碳和脱氮的效果。废水在O池段,其含碳有机物被污泥中好氧微生物氧化分解,有机氮通过氨化作用和硝化作用转化为氧化态氮,并通过回流措施回流至A池从而被去除。O段出水自流进入S4单元。
所述的混凝沉淀处理单元S4由混凝和沉淀单元组成,在凝聚阶段废水中的胶体双电层被压缩失稳而形成较小的微粒;在絮凝阶段这些微粒互相聚结(或由于高分子物质的吸附架桥作用相助)形成大颗粒絮体,絮凝体具有强大吸附力,不仅能吸附悬浮物,还能吸附部分细菌和溶解性物质。絮凝体通过吸附,体积增大在沉淀池内,实现泥水分离的效果,沉淀池出水达标排放。
所述的污泥处理单元S5由污泥浓缩池,污泥输送泵和压滤机组成,S2、S3、S4中产生的污泥流入污泥浓缩池,污泥浓缩至含水率96%以下后通过污泥泵打入叠螺压滤机前端的反应箱中,通过加入絮凝剂,使得污泥形成较大絮体,最后由叠螺机压滤得到的含水率80%以下的泥饼,泥饼最终外运处理,滤液则经收集后回流至***前端再处理。
所述的整个工艺流程充分考虑了豆制品生产废水特性,对成分复杂且有大量浮渣的有机废水采用格栅与旋流沉砂组合工艺去除水中杂质,在保护机械设备及管阀件的同时使有机物最大程度留存在***内;对因间歇生产造成的废水水质水量不均匀状况设置足量调节池,进行均质均量,同时保障***连续性进水;对废水中由多糖、蛋白质和纤维素等物质组成的有机污染物,送入厌氧EGSB反应器内,依靠兼氧和专性厌氧微生物分解废水中的有机物,降低传统曝气池工艺的风机能耗,厌氧产生的沼气可回用场区进行二次能源利用。混凝单元后置,降低了药剂的投加量与预处理排泥量,高负荷厌氧反应器降低了设备投资及占地面积,全流程多采用水力自流模式,减少提升次数,降低***能耗。因此整体工艺污泥产生量较少,设备能耗降低,降低运行成本的效果显著。
设计案例对比分析:
1项目名称:200t/d豆制品废水处理项目
2处理规模:200t/d
3进水水质:
4出水水质:
5处理工艺1:“预处理***(不含混凝沉淀)+EGSB厌氧***+AO生化***+深度处理***”
6处理工艺2:“预处理***(含混凝沉淀)+UASB厌氧***+AO生化***+深度处理***”
7关键数据对比:
对比两个实例发现,实例1采用取消预处理阶段的混凝沉淀,直接进行厌氧发酵,投资小、运营费用低、沼气产能高,污泥量小。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本申请的技术方案具有以下有益效果:预处理单元S1优化取消了常用的混凝沉淀工艺,缩减常规豆制品废水处理工艺排出的有机污泥量,降低药剂投加量及污泥处置成本,将废水中的绝大多数有机物包含胶体有机物直接进行厌氧发酵,采用高负荷厌氧反应器——EGSB,在较短的停留时间条件下最大程度将有机物转换为沼气,回收后资源化利用,变废为宝,产生有效的经济价值。
Claims (4)
1.一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,所述处理工艺利用五个工艺单元来实现,所述的五个工艺单元分别为:预处理单元S1、EGSB厌氧处理单元S2、AO生化处理单元S3、混凝沉淀处理单元S4和污泥处理单元S5;其特征在于:所述处理工艺包括以下步骤:
1),利用预处理单元S1对豆制品废水进行预处理,具体包括:将豆制品废水通过格栅过滤,再通入旋流沉砂池沉砂进行过滤,沉砂池出水自流进入调节池,池内投加碱液,进行水质调节,得到碱性混合液;
2),利用EGSB厌氧处理单元S2对废水进行厌氧处理,具体包括:将步骤1)中得到的碱性混合液泵入EGSB厌氧反应器中进行处理,EGSB反应器内混合液在高负荷厌氧污泥环境下得以净化,经过三相分离后收集后,得到低有机物浓度的出水和沼气;
3),利用AO处理单元S3进行两级AO生化处理,具体包括:厌氧处理单元的出水自流进入AO生化处理单元中的A池与O池中与回流的泥水相结合;
4),利用混凝沉淀处理单元S4进行深度处理,具体包括:O池出水自流进入混凝沉淀处理单元,进一步去除未被好氧微生物利用的有机物、悬浮物和总磷;
5),利用污泥处理单元S5进行污泥处理,具体包括:EGSB厌氧处理单元S2、AO处理单元S3、混凝沉淀处理单元S4中产生的污泥通入污泥浓缩池,浓缩污泥通过污泥泵打入叠螺压滤机中压滤,得到的滤饼进行无害化处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,其特征在于,所述的预处理单元S1由机械格栅、旋流沉砂池和调节池组成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,其特征在于,所述深度处理包括混凝反应和混凝沉淀。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种豆制品废水的低碳资源化处理工艺,其特征在于,在所述的两级AO生化处理中,控制A池的DO浓度在0.5mg/L以下,pH值为7-8,O池控制溶氧在2~4mg/L,pH值为6-9。
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