CN117448634B - Renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and die casting process thereof - Google Patents

Renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and die casting process thereof Download PDF

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CN117448634B
CN117448634B CN202311414034.0A CN202311414034A CN117448634B CN 117448634 B CN117448634 B CN 117448634B CN 202311414034 A CN202311414034 A CN 202311414034A CN 117448634 B CN117448634 B CN 117448634B
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aluminum alloy
aluminum
treatment
heat
strength
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CN117448634A (en
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田战峰
葛素静
苑高利
霍臣明
李雪科
张祎程
杨保垒
叶广君
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Hebei Xinlizhong Nonferrous Metals Group Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, a preparation method and a die casting process thereof, wherein the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises ：Si 6.5％～9.5％,Cu 0.8％～1.2％,Mg 0.1％～0.3％,Mn 0.2％～0.4％,Fe 0.20％～0.45％,Sr 0.01％～0.03％,Cr 0.01％～0.15％,Ni 0.01-0.06％,Zn≤0.60％,Ti≤0.15％, and inevitable trace impurities based on the total weight of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, wherein the content of single elements of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total amount of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%. The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the ultimate tensile strength of 270-300 MPa, the yield strength of 120-140 MPa and the elongation after fracture of 10-14%.

Description

Renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and die casting process thereof
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular to a renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and a die casting process.
Background
In the dual-carbon background, light weight is a great trend in the development of the automobile industry. The application of integral die casting is beneficial to the realization of light weight, and the weight of the floor assembly after Tesla Model Y is reduced by 30% after integral die casting; compared with the existing production process, the integrated die casting improves the beat by simplifying the production process, thereby improving the production efficiency; the application of the integrated die casting technology can reduce the production cost, land cost, labor cost and the like, for example, the manufacturing cost of the rear floor produced by Tesla integrated die casting is reduced by about 40 percent compared with the original cost.
Since the integrated die casting technique relies on a high-strength heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy material in terms of material, the development of a high-strength heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy material for integrated die casting has become a focus of attention of researchers in various countries in recent years. From the prior disclosed alloy components, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy materials for integral die casting can be classified into aluminum-silicon-magnesium systems, aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium systems, aluminum-magnesium systems and the like. Typical representatives of aluminium-silicon-magnesium alloys are C611 and C891 of the aluminium-aluminum Alcoa, of the reinflate Castasil alloy (toughness enhancement by Mo, zr dispersion strengthening), of the aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series of alloys disclosed in patent PCT/US2021/014177, of the tesla series of alloys, of the Magsimal alloy of reinflate.
In recent years, aluminum-silicon-magnesium is mainly developed, and toughness is further improved by microalloying such as Mo, zr, V, cr, nb or deterioration such as La, ce, Y, sc, er. Relatively few studies on aluminum-silicon-copper systems have been conducted, and the alloy disclosed in patent CN104946940a in the bidi has been prepared with low silicon, low copper, low magnesium alloy ratios, and microalloyed and modified by adding La, ce, sc, Y; patent CN112662921A adopts an aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium-zinc alloy system, and refines and changes the alloy through AlTi5B/AlTi3B, la, sr and the like; in CN113444929A, low-silicon, medium-copper and high-magnesium alloy schemes are adopted, sr-La intermediate alloy is used for modification, and Sc and Zr microalloying is used for improving toughness. Although the toughness of the above patent can meet the use requirement of integrated die casting, the allowable upper limit of impurity elements such as iron, zinc and the like is generally low, the selection of the types of the regenerated waste aluminum is severely limited during alloy preparation, the adding proportion of the regenerated waste aluminum is difficult to improve, and the material cost is not favorably reduced, and the energy conservation and the emission reduction are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the disclosure is to solve the problems that the existing heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy has low toughness, the allowable range of impurity elements such as Fe, zn and the like is low, the selection of the types of regenerated waste aluminum is severely limited during the preparation of the alloy, the regenerated waste aluminum with higher proportion is difficult to add and the like, and provide a renewable high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and a die casting process thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy belonging to the al—si—cu—mg system. Based on the total weight of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 6.5 to 9.5 percent of silicon (Si), 0.8 to 1.2 percent of copper (Cu), 0.1 to 0.3 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.2 to 0.4 percent of manganese (Mn), 0.20 to 0.45 percent of iron (Fe), 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium (Sr), 0.01 to 0.15 percent of chromium (Cr), 0.01 to 0.06 percent of nickel (Ni), less than or equal to 0.60 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable trace impurities, wherein the content of single elements of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Optionally, the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises, based on the total weight of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy: 7.5 to 9.0 percent of silicon (Si), 0.8 to 1.0 percent of copper (Cu), 0.1 to 0.2 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.25 to 0.35 percent of manganese (Mn), 0.3 to 0.40 percent of iron (Fe), 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium (Sr), 0.03 to 0.05 percent of chromium (Cr), 0.01 to 0.03 percent of nickel (Ni), less than or equal to 0.50 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable trace impurities, wherein the content of single elements of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Optionally, in the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, a mass ratio (a value) of Cu element to Mg element is not higher than 8.8 and not lower than 4.0.
Optionally, in the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, the mass ratio (B value) of Mn element to Fe element is not higher than 1.1 and not lower than 0.7;
optionally, in the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, the C value (c= |fe-mn|/(cr+ni)) is not higher than 1.8.
Optionally, the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength of 270-300 MPa, a yield strength of 120-140 MPa and an elongation after fracture of 10-14%.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing the high strength and toughness heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for integrated die casting, including the following steps:
1) Selecting and feeding: the following raw materials are selected according to the formula: aluminum ingot, silicon, copper, magnesium ingot, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy, and preheating and drying raw materials. Putting an aluminum ingot, silicon, copper, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, uniformly heating the furnace to 760-780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-6 hours after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and stirring for 1-3 times;
2) Refining and deslagging: after the alloy components are detected to be qualified, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 710-730 ℃, weighing the particle refining agent, adding the particle refining agent into refining equipment, adjusting parameters of the refining equipment, controlling the speed of blowing the particle refining agent to be 0.8-1.0kg/min, uniformly blowing the particle refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid after the refining equipment is communicated with argon with the pressure of 0.6-0.8MPa, standing for 10-20min, enabling the particle refining agent to fully react and float, and carrying out primary deslagging on scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
3) Fine tuning, modification and refinement of components: adding magnesium ingot, aluminum strontium intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium carbon boron refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid after deslagging, stirring, and carrying out modification treatment and refinement treatment; the modification and refinement treatment are beneficial to improving the product performance and improving the stability of the product performance;
4) Refining and degassing: maintaining the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃, using a rotary degassing machine in a smelting furnace, communicating argon with the pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa, and controlling the rotating speed of a rotor at 370-390r/min and the flow rate of the argon at 10-20m 3/h;
5) And deslagging for the second time: after refining and degassing, standing for 10-20min, and deslagging the scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
6) On-line degassing: the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a degassing box from a smelting furnace along a launder, the degassing box is provided with a double-rotor rotary degassing machine for carrying out overall process online degassing, the rotating speed of the degassing machine is set to 400-440r/min, and the argon flow is set to 15-25L/min;
7) And (3) filtering: after on-line degassing, the aluminum alloy liquid enters a filter tank, and a preheated foam ceramic filter plate is placed in the filter tank, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is purified; the foam ceramic filter plate can directly block large-size impurities and adsorb small-size impurities, so that aluminum alloy liquid is purified;
8) Casting and forming: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 660-680 ℃, enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to enter a preheated ingot mould through a distributor, adjusting a flow control valve to control the flow rate of the aluminum alloy liquid, and obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat treatment-free cast aluminum alloy by adopting a water cooling mode at the bottom of the ingot mould.
Through the combined treatment of the steps 4) to 7), slag and gas can be effectively removed, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is purified, the slag and gas content in the aluminum alloy liquid reaches extremely low level, the gas content is as low as 0.07cc/100gAl, and the slag content K40 of the section slag inclusion is less than 0.4 when the section slag inclusion is inspected by using a 3D microscope and amplified by 40 times.
Further, the aluminum ingot is an aluminum ingot for remelting, the silicon is industrial silicon, and the copper is electrolytic copper.
Further, the use amount of the particle refining agent is (1.2+/-0.2) millof the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Further, the grain refiner is AlTiBC, and the dosage is 2-4 per mill of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Further, the smelting furnace adopts a dispersion type heat accumulating combustion furnace.
Further, the pore diameter of the foam ceramic filter plate is 22-30 PPI.
Further, the ingot mould is preheated to 30-50 ℃ and the casting rate is 17-19 blocks/min. Before entering the ingot mould, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is controlled to 660-680 ℃, so that the growth of coarse iron phases in the solidification process of the aluminum alloy liquid can be prevented. The bottom water cooling mode of the ingot mould is adopted, the temperature of cooling water entering the cooling tank is not more than 45 ℃, and the temperature of cooling water flowing out is not more than 80 ℃.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides a die casting process of a renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy, comprising: the die casting temperature is 700-720 ℃, the casting pressure is 1200-1600bar, the slow injection speed is 0.2-0.5m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5-5.5m/s, the die temperature and the barrel temperature are 150-250 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the die cavity is less than 50mbar.
The present disclosure discloses the following technical effects:
Aiming at the characteristics of large size, complex structure, high strength and toughness requirement and difficult heat treatment of an automobile body structural member, the present disclosure provides a renewable high strength and toughness heat treatment-free aluminum alloy material, which has the following advantages:
1. The component design aspect: according to the characteristics of the materials and the casting and processing requirements, the range of each element is reasonably controlled.
Silicon (Si) is the first main alloying element in the alloy disclosed by the patent, and is controlled to be 6.5-9.5%, so that the alloy has good mold filling capability and meanwhile has high toughness. When the silicon content is lower than 6.5%, the casting performance of the alloy is insufficient, and the alloy strength does not reach the peak value; at silicon contents higher than 9.5%, the strength increases only a limited amount, and the elongation decrease rate starts to increase.
Copper and magnesium are main strengthening elements of the alloy, and the optimal copper-magnesium ratio is not only important for the strength and toughness balance of the alloy, but also directly influences the allowable upper limit of impurity elements such as iron, zinc and the like. Through a large number of experiments, the patent adopts the high copper low magnesium proportion, and the preferable content range of copper and magnesium elements is as follows: 0.8 to 1.0 percent of copper (Cu), 0.1 to 0.2 percent of magnesium (Mg), and the preferable mass ratio of copper to magnesium elements is as follows: the mass ratio of Cu element to Mg element is not higher than 8.8 and not lower than 4.0.
2. The alloy has higher upper limit of Fe, zn and other impurity elements, obviously widens the selectable range of the regenerated waste during alloy preparation, is favorable for adding regenerated aluminum with higher proportion, and is favorable for reducing material cost and carbon emission.
Along with the increasing approaching of the carbon reaching peak time, various automobile host factories develop a carbon reduction schedule. However, in order to maintain the strength and toughness balance of the alloy materials used in the prior large-sized vehicle body structural members such as rear floors and front cabins, the alloy materials used strictly limit the allowable upper limits of impurity elements such as Fe, zn and the like, so that the selection surface of selectable regeneration waste materials is narrow, which is not beneficial to adding higher proportion of regenerated aluminum and reducing the material cost.
The alloy disclosed by the patent is prepared by strictly controlling the content range of copper and magnesium elements and the copper-magnesium ratio (A value); by strictly controlling the content range of iron and manganese elements and the iron-manganese ratio (B value); by strictly controlling the content range of manganese, iron, chromium and nickel elements and the C value (C= |Fe-Mn|/(Cr+Ni)) range; through technical means such as AlTiBC refiners, the effective control of the precipitation of the primary iron-rich phase is realized, and the effective regulation and control of the morphology, the size and the distribution of the iron-rich phase are realized.
The main purpose of A value control is to improve the strength and simultaneously minimize the influence of alloy strengthening relative toughness, and the main means is to reduce the proportion of Mg 2 Si strengthening phases and increase the proportion of AlSiCuMg quaternary strengthening phases (Al 2Cu4Mg5Si4 and the like); the main purpose of B value control is to control the precipitation of primary Fe-rich phase, inhibit the formation of needle-like iron-rich phase beta (Al 9Fe2Si2) phase and promote the formation of block-like and skeleton-like iron-rich phase; the main purpose of C value control is to effectively supplement and deteriorate the iron-rich phase; the main purpose of adding AlTiBC refiner is to refine the size of the iron-rich phase and reduce the harm of the iron-rich phase to the toughness of the alloy.
3. The purification treatment aspect is as follows: according to the method, nonmetallic inclusions, oxides and gas in the aluminum liquid are efficiently removed, so that the aluminum liquid is guaranteed to have higher purity, and the phenomenon that the post-defective products are caused due to the fact that the gas content in the aluminum liquid exceeds standard and the purifying treatment effect is poor is avoided.
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy material is mainly applied to production of large-size structural members with complex structure and high strength and toughness, and is difficult to heat treat, and can meet the production requirements of automobile structural members with tensile strength of more than or equal to 270Mpa, yield strength of more than or equal to 120Mpa and elongation of more than or equal to 10% under the condition of no need of heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of ALSIFEMNCR quinary iron-rich phases in the aluminum alloy prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a vacuum high pressure cast flat panel mold of aluminum alloy prepared using example 1.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the disclosure, are not intended to limit the disclosure.
Example 1
The renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment comprises the following chemical components: 8.55wt.% Si,0.82wt.% Cu,0.18wt.% Mg,0.33wt.% Mn,0.36wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.03wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting and feeding: the raw materials and the addition proportion are as follows: aluminum ingot Al99.70 for remelting, 83.74wt%;3303 commercial silicon, 8.55wt%; pure magnesium ingot Mg9995,0.18wt%; 0.82wt% of electrolytic copper; 2.6wt% of AlFe10 intermediate alloy; 3.3wt% of AlMn10 master alloy; 0.2wt% of AlSr10 master alloy; 0.4wt% of AlCr10 intermediate alloy; 0.2wt% of an AlNi10 intermediate alloy;
and (5) preheating and drying the raw materials. Aluminum ingots for remelting, namely Al99.70 and 3303 industrial silicon, electrolytic copper, alMn10 intermediate alloy, alFe10 intermediate alloy, alSr10 intermediate alloy and AlNi10 intermediate alloy are put into a smelting furnace, so that the temperature in a hearth is uniformly increased to 770 ℃, the aluminum ingots are completely melted and then are kept for 5 hours, and stirring is carried out for 1 time;
2) Refining and deslagging: after the alloy components are detected to be qualified, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 720 ℃, weighing a particle refining agent (adopting the refining agent disclosed in CN 109306412A), adding the particle refining agent into refining equipment, adjusting parameters of the refining equipment, controlling the speed of blowing the particle refining agent to be 1.0kg/min, and uniformly blowing the particle refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid after the refining equipment is communicated with argon with the pressure of 0.8MPa, standing for 15min to enable the particle refining agent to fully react and float upwards, and carrying out primary deslagging on scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
3) Fine tuning, modification and refinement of components: adding pure magnesium ingot Mg9995, alSr10 intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium carbon boron refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid after deslagging, stirring, and carrying out modification treatment and refinement treatment;
4) Refining and degassing: maintaining the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid at 720 ℃, using a rotary degassing machine in a smelting furnace, communicating argon with the pressure of 0.3MPa, and controlling the rotating speed of a rotor to 380r/min and the flow rate of the argon to 15m 3/h;
5) And deslagging for the second time: after refining and degassing, standing for 20min, and deslagging the scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
6) On-line degassing: the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a degassing box from a smelting furnace along a launder, the degassing box is provided with a double-rotor rotary degassing machine for carrying out online degassing in the whole process, the rotating speed of the degassing machine is set to 410r/min, and the argon flow is 25L/min;
7) And (3) filtering: after on-line degassing, the aluminum alloy liquid enters a filter tank, and a preheated foam ceramic filter plate is placed in the filter tank, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is purified; the foam ceramic filter plate can directly block large-size impurities and adsorb small-size impurities, so that aluminum alloy liquid is purified;
8) Casting and forming: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 670 ℃, enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to enter a preheated ingot mould through a distributor, adjusting a flow control valve to control the flow of the aluminum alloy liquid, and obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat treatment-free cast aluminum alloy by adopting a water cooling mode at the bottom of the ingot mould.
Putting the prepared aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum melting furnace of a die casting machine, refining again at 720 ℃ after melting, degassing, and carrying out vacuum high-pressure casting by adopting a force IMPRESS-III DCC500 die casting machine after testing components are qualified, wherein the casting pressure is 1400bar, and the slow injection speed is 0.4m/s; the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s; the temperature of the die and the temperature of the charging barrel are 200 ℃; the used die is a flat plate die with the length of 200mm and the width of 65mm, and the wall thickness is 3mm; the vacuum machine used was Ai Jiaya HG600 vacuum machine with a cavity vacuum of <50mbar.
Fig. 1 is a microstructure diagram of ALSIFEMNCR quinary iron-rich phases in the aluminum alloy prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the diagram that the main iron-rich phases are granular, the size is between 2 and 6 μm, and the negative effect of the iron-rich phases on the toughness of the material is remarkably reduced.
Example 2
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.46wt.% Si,0.90wt.% Cu,0.16wt.% Mg,0.33wt.% Mn,0.37wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
Example 3
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.51wt.% Si,1.18wt.% Cu,0.14wt.% Mg,0.32wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
Example 4
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.65wt.% Si,0.93wt.% Cu,0.15wt.% Mg,0.38wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
Example 5
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.49wt.% Si,0.91wt.% Cu,0.18wt.% Mg,0.28wt.% Mn,0.38wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
Example 6
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.55wt.% Si,0.95wt.% Cu,0.16wt.% Mg,0.34wt.% Mn,0.38wt.% Fe,0.06wt.% Cr,0.03wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
Example 7
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural member prepared in this embodiment has the chemical components as follows: 8.66wt.% Si,0.98wt.% Cu,0.15wt.% Mg,0.30wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.02wt.% Cr,0.01wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and balance Al.
Comparative example 1
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.67wt.% Si,0.80wt.% Cu,0.22wt.% Mg,0.33wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
The preparation of a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy of this comparative example and its die casting process were the same as in example 1, except that the A value (Cu/Mg) was low.
Comparative example 2
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.39wt.% Si,1.19wt.% Cu,0.12wt.% Mg,0.34wt.% Mn,0.36wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation of a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy of this comparative example and its die casting process were the same as those of example 1, except that the A value (Cu/Mg) was high.
Comparative example 3
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.47wt.% Si,1.04wt.% Cu,0.15wt.% Mg,0.41wt.% Mn,0.31wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
The preparation of a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy of this comparative example and its die casting process were the same as those of example 1, except that the B value (Mn/Fe ratio) was high.
Comparative example 4
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.54wt.% Si,0.96wt.% Cu,0.17wt.% Mg,0.25wt.% Mn,0.38wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation of a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy of this comparative example and its die casting process were the same as those of example 1, except that the B value (Mn/Fe ratio) was low.
Comparative example 5
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.44wt.% Si,1.36wt.% Cu,0.17wt.% Mg,0.31wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and the die casting process thereof in this comparative example were the same as in example 1 except that the Cu content was high.
Comparative example 6
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.49wt.% Si,0.74wt.% Cu,0.12wt.% Mg,0.32wt.% Mn,0.33wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
The preparation of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and the die casting process thereof in this comparative example were the same as in example 1 except that the Cu content was low.
Comparative example 7
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.41wt.% Si,0.93wt.% Cu,0.16wt.% Mg,0.25wt.% Mn,0.42wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.018wt.% Sr,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements and the balance Al.
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment free aluminum alloy of this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except that the C value (c= |fe—mn|/(cr+ni)) was higher.
Comparative example 8
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.37wt.% Si,0.93wt.% Cu,0.17wt.% Mg,0.32wt.% Mn,0.35wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.4wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation of a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy and its die casting process of this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except that AlTiBC refiner was not added to the alloy.
Comparative example 9
The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for the automobile body structural part prepared in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.44wt.% Si,0.92wt.% Cu,0.17wt.% Mg,0.29wt.% Mn,0.33wt.% Fe,0.04wt.% Cr,0.02wt.% Ni,0.7wt.% Zn, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
The preparation and die casting process of the heat treatment free aluminum alloy of this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except that the Zn element content was high.
Table 1 shows the compositions of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 9.
TABLE 1
Remarks: a=cu/M g; b=mn/Fe; c= |Fe-Mn|/(Cr+Ni)
Table 2 shows the standard deviation values of the mechanical property test data and the elongation after break data of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy vacuum die-casting 3mm test pieces prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 9.
TABLE 2
Remarks: the "standard deviation" data in the table are obtained statistically from 30 sets of elongation after break data.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy for integrated die casting is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy:
Si 6.5％～9.5％,Cu 0.8％～1.2％,Mg 0.1％～0.3％,Mn 0.2％～0.4％,Fe 0.20％～0.45％,Sr 0.01％～0.03％,Cr 0.01％～0.15％,Ni 0.01-0.06％,Zn ≤0.60％,Ti ≤0.15％, The balance of aluminum and unavoidable trace impurities, wherein the content of single elements of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total amount of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the mass ratio of Cu element to Mg element is not higher than 8.8 and not lower than 4.0; the mass ratio of Mn element to Fe element is not higher than 1.1 and not lower than 0.7; fe-Mn/(Cr+Ni) is not higher than 1.8; the ultimate tensile strength of the heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy is 270-300 MPa, the yield strength is 120-140 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 10-14%.
2. The renewable high strength and toughness heat treatment-free aluminum alloy for integral die casting of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises, based on the total weight of the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy:
Si 7.5％～9.0％,Cu 0.8％～1.0％,Mg 0.1％～0.2％,Mn 0.25％～0.35％,Fe 0.3％～0.40％,Sr 0.01％～0.03％,Cr 0.03％～0.05％,Ni 0.01-0.03％,Zn≤0.50％,Ti≤0.10％, The balance of aluminum and unavoidable trace impurities, wherein the content of single elements of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount of the trace impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
3. A method for producing a renewable high-strength heat-treated aluminum alloy for integrated die casting according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising:
1) Putting an aluminum ingot, silicon, copper, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and aluminum-nickel intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, uniformly heating the furnace to 760-780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-6 hours after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and stirring for 1-3 times;
2) After the alloy components are detected to be qualified, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 710-730 ℃, weighing the particle refining agent, adding the particle refining agent into refining equipment, adjusting parameters of the refining equipment, controlling the speed of blowing the particle refining agent to be 0.8-1.0kg/min, uniformly blowing the particle refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid after the refining equipment is communicated with argon with the pressure of 0.6-0.8MPa, standing for 10-20min, enabling the particle refining agent to fully react and float, and carrying out primary deslagging on scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
3) Adding magnesium ingot, aluminum strontium intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium carbon boron refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid after deslagging, stirring, and carrying out modification treatment and refinement treatment;
4) Maintaining the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃, using a rotary degassing machine in a smelting furnace, communicating argon with the pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa, and controlling the rotating speed of a rotor at 370-390r/min and the flow rate of the argon at 10-20m 3/h;
5) After refining and degassing, standing for 10-20min, and deslagging the scum formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
6) The aluminum alloy liquid flows into a degassing box from a smelting furnace along a launder, the degassing box is provided with a double-rotor rotary degassing machine for carrying out overall process online degassing, the rotating speed of the degassing machine is set to 400-440r/min, and the argon flow is set to 15-25L/min;
7) The aluminum alloy liquid enters a filter tank for filtering and purifying after on-line degassing;
8) Controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 660-680 ℃, enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to enter a preheated ingot mould through a distributor, adjusting a flow control valve to control the flow rate of the aluminum alloy liquid, and obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness heat treatment-free cast aluminum alloy by adopting a water cooling mode at the bottom of the ingot mould.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum ingot is an aluminum ingot for remelting, the silicon is industrial silicon, and the copper is electrolytic copper.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the particulate refining agent is (1.2.+ -. 0.2) millby weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the aluminium titanium carbon boron refiner is 2-4%o by weight of the aluminium alloy liquid.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ingot mould is preheated to 30-50 ℃ and the casting rate is 17-19 pieces/min in step 8).
8. A method according to claim 3, wherein the cooling water entering the cooling tank in step 8) has a temperature of not more than 45 ℃ and the cooling water exiting the cooling tank has a temperature of not more than 80 ℃.
9. A die casting process suitable for the renewable high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy for integrated die casting according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the die casting temperature is 700 to 720 ℃, the casting pressure is 1200 to 1600bar, the slow injection speed is 0.2 to 0.5m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5 to 5.5m/s, the die temperature and the barrel temperature are 150 to 250 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the die cavity is less than 50mbar.
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