CN117444322A - Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding - Google Patents

Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117444322A
CN117444322A CN202311628735.4A CN202311628735A CN117444322A CN 117444322 A CN117444322 A CN 117444322A CN 202311628735 A CN202311628735 A CN 202311628735A CN 117444322 A CN117444322 A CN 117444322A
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China
Prior art keywords
grinding
gear
tooth surface
micro
worm
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CN202311628735.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田晓青
潘冬旺
韩江
夏链
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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Priority to CN202311628735.4A priority Critical patent/CN117444322A/en
Publication of CN117444322A publication Critical patent/CN117444322A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel gear grinding tooth surface textures based on micropulse grinding. Which comprises the following steps: using a white light interferometer to measure the surface morphology of the gear generated in a conventional grinding mode, and obtaining accurate information of the tooth surface texture gully height; taking the height of the texture ravines as a reference for determining the amplitude of the micro-pulse, setting the frequency of the pulse, and generating a micro-pulse grinding program; copying the changed NC program into a designated folder of a numerical control system of the numerical control gear grinding machine tool, replacing the original program, and carrying out micropulse grinding processing. The micropulse grinding processing mode provided by the invention can generate net textures along the contact trace direction and the tooth direction respectively, and the single regular texture along the tooth direction in the conventional grinding mode is changed, so that the performance of the gear is improved, the surface defects are reduced, the surface quality is improved, the meshing impact is reduced, and the noise is reduced.

Description

Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to an active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface textures based on micropulse grinding.
Background
Gears are very important basic transmission components in mechanical equipment, and directly affect the performance and reliability of the mechanical equipment. The high-speed low-noise transmission gear is a key part of an automatic transmission of an automobile, and the noise and vibration requirements of a new energy automobile on a transmission system are more strict than those of a fuel automobile. The existing research shows that: the gear tooth surface texture is closely related to the noise behavior of the gear, and the periodic regular texture of the gear tooth surface along the tooth direction can cause larger meshing noise when the gear is meshed. Meanwhile, the defect of tooth surface pitting can be easily generated, and noise excitation such as the meshing rigidity of a gear, gear tooth impact, release of air and lubricating oil and the like can be influenced.
For the finish machining process of grinding teeth of the worm grinding wheel, the formation of tooth surface textures in the machining process is determined by macro and micro movements, and the macro movement is that the worm grinding wheel moves relative to a double-parameter envelope of the gear, so that the formation of contact marks of the grinding wheel on the tooth surface is determined, and when the worm grinding wheel runs through the whole axial stroke, a plurality of contact marks with tiny intervals are formed on the tooth surface; the grinding motion of the abrasive grain of the worm grinding wheel relative to the tooth surface determines the grinding path of the abrasive grain on the tooth surface and the form of the grinding mark print, and the abrasive grain on the worm grinding wheel grinds the tooth surface along the grinding path on the contact mark to form the whole tooth surface texture. Conventional grinding mode of worm grinding wheel can generate regular texture along the tooth direction on the tooth surface, so changing the grinding texture of worm grinding wheel is important for vibration reduction and noise reduction of the gear.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, in order to change the parallel regular texture along the tooth direction generated by continuously generating the grinding teeth by the worm grinding wheel and further reduce larger meshing noise generated by the gears during meshing, the invention provides a method for generating controllable irregular textures by grinding the teeth by the worm grinding wheel based on micro pulses. In particular, the spur gear and the helical gear are ground so as to improve the meshing characteristic of the gears and reduce the meshing noise.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of the grinding tooth of the worm grinding wheel based on micro-pulse grinding is suitable for a numerical control gear grinding machine tool of the worm grinding wheel, the numerical control gear grinding machine tool comprises a radial feeding shaft and an axial feeding shaft, and the method for actively regulating and controlling comprises the following steps:
step S1, fixing a gear to be processed on a processing table of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool, performing conventional grinding processing, and scanning and measuring the surface of the processed gear to obtain the height of a tooth surface texture gully;
s2, adding sine waveform micro-pulse motion in the direction of the radial feeding shaft, and generating controllable reticular tooth surface textures on the tooth surface of the gear; the step of increasing the micro-pulse motion of the sine waveform comprises the steps of setting parameters of the micro-pulse motion and generating a micro-pulse grinding program; the parameter formula of the micro-pulse motion is as follows:
wherein A is 1 For the original position in the grinding process of the radial feeding shaft, A is the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion, omega is the frequency of the micro-pulse motion, and x is the interpolation point of the radial feeding shaft in the NC program of the numerical control gear grinding machine tool;
defining a mapping relation between the radial feeding shaft and a tooth surface normal, wherein the mapping relation is as follows:
wherein, delta S is the change amount of the normal direction of the tooth surface, delta x is the feed amount of a radial feed shaft, and alpha is the reference circle pressure angle of the gear to be processed;
the tooth surface normal direction change amount is the same as the tooth surface texture gully height, and the feeding amount of the radial feeding shaft is the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion;
step S3,Copying the generated micropulse grinding program into a numerical control system of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool, replacing the original program, and setting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the gear grinding machine tool B And axial movement velocity v f The worm grinding wheel carries out micropulse grinding according to the motion trail of the micropulse grinding program;
and (3) performing step S1 to step S3 on one gear in different batches to obtain the micropulse grinding program, replacing the original program, and processing the gears in the same batch through the same micropulse grinding program.
As a preferred example, the surface of the machined gear is scanned by a white light interferometer.
As a preferred example, the radial feed shaft is used to control the movement of the worm wheel of a numerical control gear grinding machine in the radial direction of the gear.
As a preferred example, the axial feed shaft is used to control the movement of the worm grinding wheel of a numerical control gear grinding machine in the axial direction of the gear.
As a preferred example, during the micropulse grinding process, one contact trace is generated on each tooth surface of the gear for each rotation of the gear.
As a preferred example, when the gear is a spur gear, the course of the contact trace on its tooth surface is distributed along the involute section each time the worm wheel is engaged with the gear.
As a preferred example, when the gear is a helical gear, the contact trace on the tooth surface of the worm grinding wheel is inclined every time the worm grinding wheel is engaged with the gear.
As a preferred example, the oblique directions of the contact traces on the two tooth surfaces of the same tooth on the gear are arranged in opposite directions.
As a preferred example, the frequency and amplitude of the micropulse motion is achieved by modifying the NC program of a numerically controlled gear grinding machine.
As a preferable example, the gear after the micropulse grinding is extracted, and the surface thereof is subjected to scanning measurement to detect whether the generated tooth surface texture is net-shaped.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the worm grinding wheel gear grinding texture active regulation and control method based on micro-pulse grinding, the specific information of the gear surface morphology is obtained by using the white light interferometer, so that the amplitude of the micro-pulse is determined, and the texture of the gear surface can be accurately regulated and controlled. This helps to improve the performance of the gear, reduce surface defects, and improve surface quality.
2. The texture active regulation and control method of the invention can change the regular texture parallel to the tooth direction generated by grinding teeth of the original worm grinding wheel with the requirement of gear vibration reduction and noise reduction, and generate controllable reticular tooth surface texture, thereby reducing meshing impact and reducing noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a worm grinding wheel numerical control gear grinding machine and a plurality of numerical control shaft directions thereof;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of various directions on a single tooth of a gear;
FIG. 3 is a surface topography of a gear in a conventional grinding mode;
FIG. 4 is a partial NC program of micropulse motion;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of contact traces on a gear tooth face;
fig. 6 is a surface topography of a gear in a micropulse grinding mode.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the machining apparatus used is a YW7232CNC numerical control gear grinding machine, which includes a machine body, nine numerical control shafts, and an electronic gear box. The numerical control gear grinding machine includes a computer control system that controls the movement of the various axes according to instructions input to the machine controller using the siemens 840Dsl system. In the gear grinding process, 6 shafts mainly involved in movement are a grinding wheel carrier rotating shaft A1, a grinding wheel rotating shaft B1, a workbench rotating shaft C1, a radial feeding shaft X1 (relative to the radial direction of the gear), a grinding wheel tangential feeding shaft Y1 and an axial feeding shaft Z1 (relative to the axial direction of the gear).
In this embodiment, the parameters of the gear and worm grinding wheel involved are: modulus m of the gear to be processed n1 Number of teeth z =4mm 1 =35, helix angle β 1 =30°, normal pressure angle α n1 =20°, tooth width b n1 =30mm. Modulus m of worm grinding wheel n2 Number of heads z =4mm 2 =3, helix angle γ 2 = 2.596 °. The active regulation and control method for the worm grinding wheel gear grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining the surface morphology of a gear in a conventional grinding mode: and fixing the processed gear on a workbench of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool, and performing conventional grinding processing. And then placing the processed gear on a white light interferometer, and scanning the surface of the gear through the white light interferometer so as to acquire the shape information of the surface of the gear. Through this step, accurate data of the gear surface is obtained, including information such as tooth surface texture gully height, tooth surface concave-convex distribution and the like. As shown in fig. 2, the worm grinding wheel continuously generates grinding teeth forming a parallel regular texture along the tooth direction, which is the direction of the tooth surface along the thickness of the gear. The height of the grain ravines under conventional grinding can be 2 μm by the tooth surface topography shown in fig. 3.
Step S2, generating a micropulse grinding NC program: the radial feeding shaft X1 is used for controlling the worm grinding wheel on the numerical control gear grinding machine to move in the radial direction of the workpiece gear. The position of the radial feed axis X1 will affect the topography of the gear surface. The original grinding movement position is changed by adding sine waveform micro-pulse movement on the radial feeding shaft X1, so that the appearance of the gear surface is changed. The radial feed axis X1 motion formula for the increased micropulse grinding is as follows:
wherein A is 1 For the original position of the radial feeding axis X1 in the grinding process, A is the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion, omega is the frequency of the micro-pulse motion, and X is the interpolation point of the radial feeding axis X1 in the NC program of the numerical control gear grinding machine tool.
A certain mapping relation exists between the feeding amount of the radial feeding axis X1 and the tooth surface normal direction changing amount, and the mapping relation is as follows:
wherein, delta S is the change amount of the normal direction of the tooth surface, delta X is the feed amount of the radial feed axis X1, and alpha is the reference circle pressure angle of the gear to be processed.
In order to prevent the appearance of the gear surface from being excessively changed, the change amount delta S of the tooth surface normal direction change amount is the same as the tooth surface texture gully height under the conventional grinding processing. The magnitude of Δs is set to 2 μm, and the feeding amount of the radial feeding axis X1 is obtained as Δx=2/sin 20°=5.8 μm, which is the magnitude of the micropulse amplitude a.
Step S3, generating controllable reticular tooth surface textures by micro-pulse grinding: the movement position of the radial feed axis X1 is changed by setting the value of the interpolation point of the radial feed axis X1 in the numerical control gear grinding machine lead_calc_data_spf program. There are a total of 106 interpolation points of 0 to 105 in NC program (numerical control program), one for avoiding the sine wave from being cut offThe number of interpolation points for NC program contained in the sine wave should start from 3 and always be an odd number. In this example, the machine tool lead_calc_data_spf spline NC program was modified with 3 NC program interpolation points of 1 sine wave period and a pulse amplitude of 5.8 μm, a part of which is shown in fig. 4. Copying the changed NC program into a designated folder of a numerical control system in the numerical control gear grinding machine tool, and replacing the original program. Setting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the numerical control gear grinding machine tool B =3000 r/min and axial movement velocity v f =60 mm/min. Starting the machine tool, and performing micropulse grinding processing on the worm grinding wheel according to the motion trail planned by the new NC program, so as to generate controllable reticular tooth surface textures on the tooth surface. And performing conventional grinding processing on one gear in different batches to obtain parameters required by micro-pulse grinding, and then generating a micro-pulse grinding program. The gears in the same batch are processed by the same micropulse grinding program.
The invention analyzes the degree of freedom of grinding teeth of the worm grinding wheel based on the theory of the degree of freedom of space meshing motion. The worm grinding wheel and the workpiece gear are respectively regarded as the meshing transmission of the worm and the gear, and meanwhile, the worm grinding wheel has feeding motion along the axial direction of the workpiece gear. Therefore, the workpiece gear and the worm grinding wheel are not in fixed gear ratio transmission. In the meshing motion of the grinding teeth of the worm grinding wheel, there are two independent motions, namely the rotation motion of the worm grinding wheel and the feeding motion along the axial direction of the gear, so that the worm grinding wheel and the workpiece gear are in double-degree-of-freedom meshing motion, and a contact point is formed on the tooth surface. Each rotation of the workpiece gear produces a contact trace on each tooth surface of the gear, as shown in fig. 5. At the same time, the movement of the worm grinding wheel along the axial feeding shaft Z1 direction enables the contact trace to do spiral ascending movement along the cylindrical surface of the workpiece gear until the tooth surfaces of all gears are covered. The course of the contact track is related to the workpiece gear. When the workpiece gear is a straight gear, the trend of the contact point on the tooth surface of the worm grinding wheel is distributed along the involute section in each meshing-in and meshing-out process of the worm grinding wheel and the gear, namely the contact trace is an involute. When the workpiece gear is a helical gear, the contact track trend on the tooth surfaces is inclined, the involute shape is no longer shown in the space, and the inclination directions of the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface are opposite.
The invention creatively changes the surface texture of the gear by adding micro-pulse grinding on the radial feeding axis X1. Since the motion state of each axis of the grinding wheel is in accordance with a given position in the machine tool lead_calc_data_spf spline file. When the axial feed axis Z1 moves a distance along the gear axis, the radial feed axis X1 will move in a given micropulse grinding pattern, thereby grinding a contact trace on the tooth surface. The contact trace forms a height difference in the normal direction of the tooth surface due to the micro-pulse grinding mode, and the tooth surface texture along the contact trace direction is macroscopically formed (since radial feeding of the radial feeding shaft X1 along the radial direction of the gear only affects the cutting amount of the gear, the cutting amount is changed continuously along with the vibration by increasing the micro-pulse vibration on the radial feeding shaft X1, and the texture of the tooth surface is macroscopically changed due to the fact that the cutting amount is changed for a while and a small time).
As shown in fig. 6, the tooth surface of the gear subjected to the micropulse grinding is placed under a white light interferometer to detect the tooth surface morphology, and the tooth surface morphology generated by the micropulse grinding is obtained. Compared with the tooth surface morphology generated by conventional grinding, the micro-pulse grinding can generate net textures along the contact trace direction and the tooth direction respectively, and the single regular texture along the tooth direction in the conventional grinding mode is changed, so that the performance of the gear is improved, the surface defect is reduced, the surface quality is improved, the meshing impact is reduced, and the noise is reduced.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The active regulation and control method for the worm grinding wheel gear grinding tooth surface texture is suitable for a numerical control gear grinding machine tool of a worm grinding wheel, and the numerical control gear grinding machine tool comprises a radial feeding shaft and an axial feeding shaft and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, fixing a gear to be processed on a processing table of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool, performing conventional grinding processing, and scanning and measuring the surface of the processed gear to obtain the height of a tooth surface texture gully;
s2, adding sine waveform micro-pulse motion in the direction of the radial feeding shaft, and generating controllable reticular tooth surface textures on the tooth surface of the gear; the step of increasing the micro-pulse motion of the sine waveform comprises the steps of setting parameters of the micro-pulse motion and generating a micro-pulse grinding program; the parameter formula of the micro-pulse motion is as follows:
wherein A is 1 For the original position in the grinding process of the radial feeding shaft, A is the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion, omega is the frequency of the micro-pulse motion, and x is the interpolation point of the radial feeding shaft in the NC program of the numerical control gear grinding machine tool;
defining a mapping relation between the radial feeding shaft and a tooth surface normal, wherein the mapping relation is as follows:
wherein, delta S is the change amount of the normal direction of the tooth surface, delta x is the feed amount of a radial feed shaft, and alpha is the reference circle pressure angle of the gear to be processed;
the tooth surface normal direction change amount is the same as the tooth surface texture gully height, and the feeding amount of the radial feeding shaft is the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion;
step S3, copying the generated micropulse grinding program into a numerical control system of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool, replacing the original program, and setting the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the gear grinding machine tool B And axial movement velocity v f The worm grinding wheel carries out micropulse grinding according to the motion trail of the micropulse grinding program;
and (3) performing step S1 to step S3 on one gear in different batches to obtain the micropulse grinding program, replacing the original program, and processing the gears in the same batch through the same micropulse grinding program.
2. The method for actively regulating and controlling the texture of the tooth surface of the grinding tooth of the worm grinding wheel based on micro-pulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the machined gear is scanned and measured by a white light interferometer.
3. The method for actively regulating and controlling the texture of the tooth surface of a grinding tooth of a worm grinding wheel based on micropulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein the radial feed shaft is used for controlling the movement of the worm grinding wheel of a numerical control tooth grinding machine tool in the radial direction of the gear.
4. The method for actively regulating and controlling the texture of the tooth surface of a grinding tooth of a worm grinding wheel based on micropulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein the axial feed shaft is used for controlling the movement of the worm grinding wheel of a numerical control gear grinding machine in the axial direction of a gear.
5. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of grinding teeth of a worm grinding wheel based on micro-pulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein in the micro-pulse grinding process, each tooth surface of the gear generates a contact trace every time the gear rotates one circle.
6. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of grinding teeth of a worm grinding wheel based on micropulse grinding according to claim 5, wherein when the gear is a spur gear, the trend of the contact trace on the tooth surface of the worm grinding wheel is distributed along the section of the involute end each time the worm grinding wheel is meshed with the gear.
7. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of the grinding tooth of the worm grinding wheel based on micro-pulse grinding according to claim 5, wherein when the gear is a helical gear, the trend of a contact trace on the tooth surface of the worm grinding wheel is obliquely arranged in each meshing process of the worm grinding wheel and the gear.
8. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of grinding teeth of a worm grinding wheel based on micro-pulse grinding according to claim 7, wherein the inclination directions of contact traces on two tooth surfaces of the same tooth on the gear are opposite.
9. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of the grinding tooth of the worm grinding wheel based on the micro-pulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein the frequency and the amplitude of the micro-pulse motion are realized by changing an NC program of a numerical control gear grinding machine tool.
10. The method for actively regulating and controlling the tooth surface texture of the worm grinding wheel grinding tooth based on the micro-pulse grinding according to claim 1, wherein the gear after the micro-pulse grinding is extracted, and the surface of the gear is scanned and measured to detect whether the generated tooth surface texture is net-shaped.
CN202311628735.4A 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding Pending CN117444322A (en)

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CN202311628735.4A CN117444322A (en) 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311628735.4A CN117444322A (en) 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Active regulation and control method for worm grinding wheel grinding tooth surface texture based on micropulse grinding

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CN117444322A true CN117444322A (en) 2024-01-26

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