CN117421858A - Full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of fuel cell - Google Patents

Full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of fuel cell Download PDF

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CN117421858A
CN117421858A CN202311127166.5A CN202311127166A CN117421858A CN 117421858 A CN117421858 A CN 117421858A CN 202311127166 A CN202311127166 A CN 202311127166A CN 117421858 A CN117421858 A CN 117421858A
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王海龙
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Shenzhen Center Power Tech Co Ltd
Shenzhen Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention is suitable for the field of fuel cells, and provides a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell, wherein a full life cycle accounting model of the fuel cell is established by using a carbon emission factor method, and the carbon footprint system boundary of the fuel cell comprises quantitative calculation of all environmental loads and environmental benefits of a raw material acquisition stage, a production and manufacturing stage, a test operation stage and a scrapping recovery stage, so that the problem that the existing fuel cell field lacks an accounting model and method is solved, the contribution of the fuel cell to energy conservation and emission reduction in the traffic field is more accurately known for masses, and data support and reference for environmental protection evaluation can be provided for low-carbon design of the fuel cell; the accounting method can accurately and systematically carry out quantitative statistics on the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the fuel cell.

Description

Full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is pollution-free and high-efficiency equipment for converting chemical energy into electric energy, has the advantages of small volume, light weight and the like, is widely studied, and is applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like in various aspects. At present, the hydrogen fuel cell core technology in China is not mature, and the development forms are diversified. The method for determining the full life cycle carbon emission level of the fuel cell has great significance for the construction and design of future fuel cell markets.
At present, a fuel cell full life cycle carbon emission accounting model and method are not available, less research is conducted on the hydrogen fuel cell carbon footprint accounting model and method, no proper and complete accounting model or method is available for the fuel cell full life cycle carbon footprint, and quantitative statistics cannot be conducted on environmental load caused by the fuel cell accurately and systematically; moreover, the existing accounting method is only aimed at general products, is not fully applicable to fuel cells, and cannot be used for accounting the carbon emission of the full life cycle of the fuel cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell, which aims to solve the problem that a full life cycle carbon emission accounting model and method of the fuel cell are not adopted, and the full life cycle carbon emission of the fuel cell is accounted.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method for a fuel cell, which is applicable to a fuel cell, including the steps of:
s1, determining a carbon footprint system boundary in a full life cycle of a fuel cell, wherein the carbon footprint system boundary comprises a fuel cell raw material acquisition stage, a fuel cell production and manufacturing stage, a fuel cell test operation stage and a fuel cell scrapping recovery stage;
s2, establishing a carbon emission accounting model of the full life cycle of the fuel cell;
s3, based on the carbon emission accounting model, respectively calculating the carbon emission E of the fuel cell raw material acquisition stage R Carbon emission E at the stage of manufacturing the fuel cell p Carbon emission E during the fuel cell test run t And carbon emission E in the fuel cell scrapping and recycling stage eol ；
S4, calculating the full life cycle carbon emission coefficient E of the fuel cell according to a formula Total (S) ：
E Total (S) ＝E R +E p +E t +E eol 。
In a preferred embodiment, in step S02, the carbon emission accounting model is established by a carbon emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows: e=Σq×ef, where E is the carbon emission amount; q is activity level data; EF is the carbon emission factor.
The carbon emission amount of each stage in the full life cycle of the fuel cell is calculated according to an accounting model e=Σq×ef; wherein the fuel cell test operation phase is a carbon emission E in the fuel cell test operation phase due to the electric energy obtained during the hydrogen energy consumption t Subtracting the carbon emission amount of the obtained electric energy in the calculation process; wherein the fuel cell scrapping and recycling stage has part of CO 2 Dissipation, so that the carbon emission E is reduced in the fuel cell rejection recovery stage eol The CO generated needs to be added in the calculation process 2 The amount of dissipation.
As a preferred embodiment, the activity level data refers to the consumption of fuel or energy; the carbon emission factor refers to CO caused by the activity of each functional unit 2 Discharge amount. In the present application, the functional unit is used as a reference unit to quantify CO 2 For example, carbon emissions of 1Kg high strength steel, carbon emissions of 1KW fuel cell. For the carbon emission factor, generally, the background data factor can refer to published data, and the live-action data factor needs to be measured in the field according to actual conditions.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell raw material obtaining stage is a carbon bankPut E R Calculated by the following formula: e (E) R ＝ΣQ M，i ×EF i ，
In the above, Q M，i For the quality of the ith raw material, EF i Is the carbon emission factor of the i-th material.
As a preferred embodiment, the carbon emission E at the manufacturing stage of the fuel cell p Calculated by the following formula: e (E) p ＝ΣQ Me,i ×(EF p +EF u )，
In the above, Q Me,i For the consumption of the ith energy source, EF p Production of carbon emission factor, EF, as an energy source u Carbon emission factor is the use of energy.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell tests the carbon emission E in the operation stage t Calculated by the following formula: e (E) t ＝Q M，h ×EF h －Q e ×EF e ，
In the above, Q M，h To test the quality of consumed hydrogen, EF h Production of carbon emission factor for hydrogen, Q e For the online electric quantity generated after the test consumes hydrogen, EF e And (5) using the carbon emission factor for the power grid.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell rejection recovery stage carbon emission E eol Calculated by the following formula: e (E) eol ＝ΣQ Meol，i ×EF eol，i +M CO2 ，
In the above, Q Meol For the ith energy consumption in the scrapping recovery process, EF eol，i Carbon emission factor, M, of the ith energy source CO2 For CO generated in the scrapping recovery process 2 The amount of dissipation is not taken into account in the return phase.
The invention provides a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell, which carries out accurate system quantitative calculation on all environmental loads and environmental benefits of a carbon footprint system boundary of the fuel cell, including a raw material acquisition stage, a production and manufacturing stage, a test operation stage and a scrapping recovery stage, by establishing a full life cycle accounting model of the fuel cell, solves the problem that the existing fuel cell field lacks an accounting model and method, enables masses to more accurately know the contribution of the fuel cell to energy conservation and emission reduction in the traffic field, and can also provide data support for low-carbon design of the fuel cell and reference for environmental protection evaluation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a carbon emission accounting method based on a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boundary of a full life cycle carbon emission system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In this application, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
At present, no model and no method for calculating the full life cycle carbon emission of the fuel cell exist, the existing calculation method is only used for calculating the total life cycle carbon emission of the fuel cell, is not fully applicable to the fuel cell and cannot calculate the full life cycle carbon emission of the fuel cell, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the full life cycle carbon emission calculation method of the fuel cell.
A full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell is applicable to the fuel cell, and comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a boundary of a carbon footprint system in a full life cycle of a fuel cell, wherein the boundary comprises a fuel cell raw material acquisition stage, a fuel cell production and manufacturing stage, a fuel cell test operation stage and a fuel cell scrapping recovery stage;
s2, establishing a carbon emission accounting model of the full life cycle of the fuel cell;
s3, based on the carbon emission accounting model, respectively calculating the carbon emission E of the fuel cell raw material acquisition stage R Carbon row in fuel cell production and manufacturing stagePut E p Carbon emission E during the fuel cell test run t And carbon emission E in the fuel cell scrapping and recycling stage eol ；
S4, calculating the full life cycle carbon emission coefficient E of the fuel cell according to a formula Total (S) ：
E Total (S) ＝E R +E p +E t +E eol 。
In a preferred embodiment, in step S02, the carbon emission accounting model is established by a carbon emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows: e=Σq×ef, where E is the carbon emission amount; q is activity level data; EF is the carbon emission factor.
In the examples of the present application, the carbon emission amount refers to the sum of six greenhouse gases in the "kyoto protocol".
The carbon emission amount of each stage in the full life cycle of the fuel cell is calculated according to an accounting model e=Σq×ef; wherein the fuel cell test operation phase is a carbon emission E in the fuel cell test operation phase due to the electric energy obtained during the hydrogen energy consumption t Subtracting the carbon emission amount of the obtained electric energy in the calculation process; wherein the fuel cell scrapping and recycling stage has part of CO 2 Dissipation, so that the carbon emission E is reduced in the fuel cell rejection recovery stage eol The CO generated needs to be added in the calculation process 2 The amount of dissipation.
As a preferred embodiment, the activity level data refers to the consumption of fuel or energy; the carbon emission factor refers to CO caused by the activity of each functional unit 2 Discharge amount.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell raw material obtaining stage carbon emission amount E R Calculated by the following formula: e (E) R ＝ΣQ M，i ×EF i
In the above, Q M，i For the quality of the ith raw material, EF i Is the carbon emission factor of the i-th material.
As a preferred embodiment, the carbon emission amount of the fuel cell at the production and manufacturing stageE p Calculated by the following formula: e (E) p ＝ΣQ Me,i ×(EF p +EF u )，
In the above, Q Me,i For the consumption of the ith energy source, EF p Production of carbon emission factor, EF, as an energy source u Carbon emission factor is the use of energy.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell tests the carbon emission E in the operation stage t Calculated by the following formula: e (E) t ＝Q M，h ×EF h －Q e ×EF e ，
In the above, Q M，h For the quality of hydrogen consumed by the test, EF h Production of carbon emission factor for hydrogen, Q e For the online electric quantity generated after the test consumes hydrogen, EF e And (5) using the carbon emission factor for the power grid.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell rejection recovery stage carbon emission E eol Calculated by the following formula: e (E) eol ＝ΣQ Meol，i ×EF eol，i +M CO2 ，
In the above, Q Meol For the ith energy consumption in the scrapping recovery process, EF eol，i Carbon emission factor, M, of the ith energy source CO2 For CO generated in the scrapping recovery process 2 The amount of dissipation is temporarily disregarded from the benefit of the recovery stage.
The principle of the invention is explained as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the present invention considers the full life cycle of the fuel cell, which is the total carbon emission of the fuel cell, including the carbon emission amount of the raw material acquisition stage, the production and manufacturing stage, the test operation stage and the discard recovery stage.
Carbon emission amount in raw material acquisition stage: collecting relevant data of raw materials required by manufacturing the fuel cell, and determining the types and the quality of the raw materials required by different types of fuel cells through relevant product specifications and bill of materials, wherein the types of the raw materials comprise aluminum alloy, plastic, graphite, steel and other materials; and then determining the use amount of various materials in the process of manufacturing the fuel cell, multiplying the mass of the different materials by the corresponding different carbon emission factors to obtain the carbon emission amount of the different materials, and summing the carbon emission amounts of all raw materials required by manufacturing to obtain the carbon emission amount of the fuel cell in the raw material acquisition stage.
Carbon emission in the production and manufacturing stage: the fuel cell comprises the steps of manufacturing electrodes, manufacturing diffusion layers, manufacturing diaphragms, assembling battery parts and the like in the manufacturing stage, wherein consumed energy sources comprise electric energy, gasoline and the like, the consumed electric energy is multiplied by the electric carbon emission factor of a power grid, the gasoline consumption is multiplied by the sum of the gasoline production factor and the using emission factor, and the sum of the gasoline consumption and the using emission factor is calculated to obtain the carbon emission of the fuel cell in the manufacturing stage.
Carbon emission in the test operation stage: the fuel cell can be tested before being put into operation, certain hydrogen energy is consumed in the testing and operating processes, but in the testing stage, a negative carbon process is also generated, namely electricity can be generated when the hydrogen is consumed, and the generated electricity can obtain environmental benefits; the generated electric quantity is multiplied by the electric discharge factor of the power grid, the hydrogen consumption is multiplied by the hydrogen production discharge factor, and the carbon discharge of the fuel cell in the test stage can be obtained by subtracting the benefits from the discharge.
Carbon emission in the scrapping and recycling stage: the energy consumed in the scrapping stage comprises electric energy and the like, and the energy consumption is multiplied by a carbon emission factor and added with CO dissipated in the scrapping process 2 The amount of carbon emission of the fuel cell in the scrapped recovery stage is obtained, and the benefit of the recovery stage is not considered.
Example 1
The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of the fuel cell is characterized in that the fuel cell is an 80KW fuel cell, and the method sequentially comprises the following steps:
1. the following formula is adopted to calculate the carbon emission E of the fuel cell in the raw material acquisition stage R ：
E R ＝ΣQ M，i ×EF i ＝9454.87KgCO2e
In the above, Q M，i Is the weight of the ith raw material, unit Kg, EF i The unit KgCO2e/Kg is the carbon emission factor of the ith material. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 carbon emissions E of Fuel cells at raw Material acquisition stage R
2. The following formula is adopted to calculate the carbon emission E of the fuel cell in the production and manufacturing stage p ：
E p ＝ΣQ Me,i ×(EF p +EF u )＝77.85KgCO2e
In the above, Q Me,i The unit Kg, EF is the i-th energy consumption p Production of carbon emission factor, EF, as an energy source u The unit of KgCO2e/Kg is the carbon emission factor for energy use. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 carbon emissions E from Fuel cells during manufacturing stage p
Energy source type consumption/KWH Carbon emission/KgCO 2e
Electric power 134 77.85
3. The following formula is adopted to calculate the carbon emission E of the fuel cell in the test operation stage t ；
E t ＝Q M，h ×EF h －Q e ×EF e ＝-74.47KgCO2e
In the above, Q M，h For the mass of hydrogen consumed by the test, unit Kg, EF h The carbon emission factor is produced for hydrogen, the unit KgCO2e/Kg, and the results are shown in Table 3; q (Q) e For the online electric quantity generated after the test consumes hydrogen, the unit KWH, EF e The electric carbon emission factor for the power grid is expressed in KgCO2e/KWH, and the result is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 carbon emissions from Hydrogen production
Species of type quantity/Kg Carbon emission/KgCO 2e
Hydrogen gas 10 110
Table 4 test of carbon emissions generated by a feedback grid for Power Generation
Species of type quantity/KWH Carbon emission/KgCO 2e
Electric power -317.5 -184.47
4. The carbon emission E of the fuel cell in the scrapping recovery stage is calculated by adopting the following formula eol ；
E eol ＝ΣQ Meol，i ×EF eol，i +M CO2 ＝18.22KgCO2e
In the above, Q Meol For the ith energy consumption in the scrapping recovery process, the unit KWH/Kg/MJ, EF eol，i The unit KgCO2e/KWH/Kg/MJ, M for the carbon emission factor of the ith energy source CO2 For CO generated in the scrapping recovery process 2 The dissipation in Kg, the return from the recovery stage, is temporarily not taken into account, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 carbon emissions E during the recovery stage of the Fuel cell scrapped eol
Species of type Measuring amount Carbon emission/KgCO 2e
Electric power 9.85KWH 5.72
CO 2 12.5Kg 12.5
5. Based on the carbon emission of the fuel cell at each stage, the full life cycle carbon emission coefficient of the fuel cell is determined according to the following formula:
E total (S) ＝E R +E p +E t +E eol ＝9454.87+77.85-74.47+18.22＝9476.47KgCO2e；
The invention provides a full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell, which carries out accurate system quantitative calculation on all environmental loads and environmental benefits of a carbon footprint system boundary including a raw material acquisition stage, a production and manufacturing stage, a test operation stage and a scrapping recovery stage by establishing a full life cycle accounting model of the fuel cell, solves the problem that the existing fuel cell field lacks an accounting model and method, enables masses to more accurately know the contribution of the fuel cell to energy conservation and emission reduction in the traffic field, and can also provide data support for low-carbon design of the fuel cell and reference for environmental protection evaluation.
The calculation of the carbon emission amount of the fuel cell of example 1 was performed by a general calculation method, and the calculation formula was as follows: total carbon emission = raw material stage carbon emission + production stage carbon emission + use stage carbon emission + recovery stage carbon emission;
for fuel cells where the use phase carbon emissions are downstream, the producer should be responsible for the use of the test phase only and have some positive benefit. If the traditional calculation method is adopted, the stages which do not belong to the life cycle are easily calculated, but the benefit is lost, so that the calculation is inaccurate.
If the calculation of the carbon emission amount of the fuel cell of example 1 is performed using a full life cycle carbon emission coefficient determination method for an energy storage cell disclosed in patent application CN114090939a, total carbon emission=raw material stage carbon emission+production stage carbon emission+use stage carbon emission+recovery stage carbon emission=9454.87+77.85+16000+18.22=25550.94 kgco2e;
it can be seen that, without the present accounting model method, one is to generate CO for each stage of the fuel cell 2 And the income is unclear, secondly, each step is easy to miss in calculation one by one, and three or more calculation does not belong to the own part and leads to calculation resultsIncreasing; dividing the system into modules at each stage to determine the input and output of energy source and CO 2 The carbon emissions in the desired life cycle can be calculated completely.
In the description herein, reference to the term "one embodiment," "an example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, and that the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell, comprising the method steps of:
s1, determining a carbon footprint system boundary in a full life cycle of a fuel cell, wherein the carbon footprint system boundary comprises a fuel cell raw material acquisition stage, a fuel cell production and manufacturing stage, a fuel cell test operation stage and a fuel cell scrapping recovery stage;
s2, establishing a carbon emission accounting model of the full life cycle of the fuel cell;
s3, based on the carbon emission accounting model, respectively calculating the carbon emission E of the fuel cell raw material acquisition stage R Carbon emission E at the stage of manufacturing the fuel cell p Carbon emission E during the fuel cell test run t And carbon emission E in the fuel cell scrapping and recycling stage eol ；
S4, calculating the total carbon emission E of the whole life cycle of the fuel cell according to a formula Total (S) ：
E Total (S) ＝E R +E p +E t +E eol 。
2. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein in step S02, the carbon emission accounting model is established by a carbon emission factor method, and a calculation formula thereof is: e=Σq×ef, where E is the carbon emission amount; q is activity level data; EF is the carbon emission factor.
3. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the activity level data refers to a consumption amount of fuel or energy; the carbon emission factor refers to CO caused by the activity of each functional unit 2 Discharge amount.
4. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell raw material obtaining stage carbon emission amount E R Calculated by the following formula:
E R ＝ΣQ M，i ×EF i ，
in the above, Q M，i For the quality of the ith raw material, EF i Is the carbon emission factor of the i-th material.
5. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell production and manufacturing stage carbon emission amount E p Calculated by the following formula:
E p ＝ΣQ Me,i ×(EF p +EF u )，
in the above, Q Me,i For the consumption of the ith energy source, EF p As energy sourceProduction of carbon emission factor, EF u Carbon emission factor is the use of energy.
6. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell test operation stage carbon emission amount E t Calculated by the following formula:
E t ＝Q M，h ×EF h －Q e ×EF e ，
in the above, Q M，h For the quality of hydrogen consumed by the test, EF h Production of carbon emission factor for hydrogen, Q e For the online electric quantity generated after the test consumes hydrogen, EF e And (5) using the carbon emission factor for the power grid.
7. The full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell discard recovery stage carbon emission amount E eol Calculated by the following formula:
E eol ＝ΣQ Meol，i ×EF eol，i +M CO2 ，
in the above, Q Meol For the ith energy consumption in the scrapping recovery process, EF eol，i Carbon emission factor, M, of the ith energy source CO2 For CO generated in the scrapping recovery process 2 The amount of dissipation.
CN202311127166.5A 2023-09-04 2023-09-04 Full life cycle carbon emission accounting method of fuel cell Pending CN117421858A (en)

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CN117689277B (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-06-07 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Carbon footprint accounting method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117689277A (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-03-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Carbon footprint accounting method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium
CN117689277B (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-06-07 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Carbon footprint accounting method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium

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