CN117418180A - Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy - Google Patents
Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117418180A CN117418180A CN202311381497.1A CN202311381497A CN117418180A CN 117418180 A CN117418180 A CN 117418180A CN 202311381497 A CN202311381497 A CN 202311381497A CN 117418180 A CN117418180 A CN 117418180A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- titanium alloy
- heat treatment
- temperature
- cyclic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging and heat treatment method of a high-toughness titanium alloy, and relates to the technical field of titanium alloys. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Annealing and air cooling the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot in a region higher than the beta phase transition temperature; (2) Performing multidirectional forging on the titanium alloy ingot in the step (1), controlling the upsetting times of each pass to be 3-4 times, wherein the upsetting-drawing forging ratio of each pass is not less than 1.5, and performing total forging for 4-10 passes; (3) And (3) carrying out cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank after multidirectional forging, wherein the cyclic times are 3-10 times, and air cooling. (4) And (3) carrying out two-step annealing treatment and air cooling on the sample after the circulation is finished. Through the forging and heat treatment method, an equiaxed structure with fine grains can be obtained, so that the TC4 titanium alloy forging has excellent strength and toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy, in particular to a forging technology for preparing high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy and a heat treatment method.
Background
The titanium alloy has high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, excellent biocompatibility and excellent high-temperature creep resistance, and is an important metal structural material in the fields of aerospace, weapon industry, biomedical use and the like. In recent years, with the development of aerospace and weapon equipment industry, the demand for high-strength low-density aviation materials is increasing. Therefore, the development and preparation of titanium alloys with high-temperature tensile strength, good high-temperature stability and excellent fatigue strength and fracture toughness are important research directions at present.
The TC4 titanium alloy has high specific strength, wider working temperature range and excellent corrosion resistance, is a medium-strength alpha+beta dual-phase titanium alloy, and is one of the preferred materials for manufacturing aero-engine fans, compressor discs, blades and the like. Titanium alloy belongs to a light structure material difficult to deform, has high deformation resistance in the hot working process, has a narrow deformation temperature window and is difficult to machine. For the titanium alloy sheet with medium specification, the control difficulty of the composition uniformity of the cast ingot and the composition, structure and performance uniformity of the forging stock is improved, and the traditional forging method of the forging stock is limited by equipment capacity and forging technology, so that the uniformity of the structure performance of the forging stock is poor and cannot meet the requirements. The multidirectional forging technology is characterized in that the loading direction is continuously rotated and changed in the deformation process, which is equivalent to forging blanks for multiple times in different directions, and compared with the traditional unidirectional deformation technology, the multidirectional forging technology ensures that recrystallized grains can be generated at the grain boundaries of original grains and can be generated in a large quantity in the grains, so that the grain refinement effect is greatly improved, and the multidirectional forging technology is an effective means for preparing large-size ultrafine grain structure materials.
The titanium alloy bar is large in residual stress after forging processing, and the residual stress is eliminated or reduced by proper annealing, solid solution, aging heat treatment and other modes so as to improve the toughness, the fatigue strength and the like. However, the general annealing treatment is easy to cause the growth of crystal grains, and the strength of the material is reduced. The cyclic heat treatment technology is relatively less applied to the titanium alloy, and is expected to improve the structure of the titanium alloy after forging processing by carrying out repeated cyclic heating and cooling on the material in a two-phase region, so that the titanium alloy has excellent mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: the forging and heat treatment method of the high-toughness titanium alloy is provided, so that the prepared TC4 titanium alloy forging has an equiaxial structure with fine grains, and residual stress in the forging is obviously reduced, so that the forging has higher tensile strength, plasticity and fracture toughness.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a forging and heat treatment method of a high-toughness titanium alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) Annealing the TC4 titanium alloy ingot at a temperature 20-150 ℃ higher than the beta phase transition temperature, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, and then air-cooling;
(2) Performing multidirectional forging on the titanium alloy cast ingot treated in the step (1) to obtain a forging stock;
(3) Carrying out cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank after multidirectional forging, wherein the cyclic times are 3-10 times, and preserving heat for 10-30 min each time; and after the circulation is finished, performing two-step annealing treatment on the sample, and then air-cooling.
Furthermore, the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot can be produced and prepared by three times of smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
Further, the multi-directional forging in the step (2) is as follows: the initial forging temperature is controlled to 950-1100 ℃, the final forging temperature is controlled to 750-850 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is not less than 1.5 each time, the furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting-drawing times of each pass are controlled to 3-4 times, and the total forging time is 4-10 times.
Further, the cyclic heat treatment in the step (3) is as follows: the upper limit temperature of the cyclic heat treatment is selected to be 20-40 ℃ below the beta phase transition temperature, and the temperature is kept for 5-60 min so as to ensure that the alpha phase is maximally dissolved; the lower limit temperature of the cyclic heat treatment is 600-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-60 min, so that the alpha phase is maximally precipitated. The temperature rise and fall rates of the cyclic heat treatment are controlled to be 4-6 ℃, the cycle times are 3-10, and the air cooling is carried out after the completion of the cyclic heat treatment.
Further, the two-step annealing treatment of the sample in the step (3) is: the first annealing process is to keep the temperature between 600 and 900 ℃ for 0.5 to 2 hours and then air-cool, and the second annealing process is to keep the temperature between 400 and 700 ℃ for 1 to 3 hours and then air-cool.
The invention has the advantages that: adopting a multi-directional forging combined cycle heat treatment process technology, firstly, carrying out annealing treatment on a TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot at a temperature 20-150 ℃ higher than the beta phase transition temperature to obtain a lamellar structure; the second step is to forge TC4 titanium alloy ingot in multiple directions, control upsetting times 3-4 times each time, upsetting forging ratio is not less than 1.5 each time, forge for 4-10 times altogether, multiple directions forge can make lamellar structure grain boundary break, make alpha phase take place to recover and recrystalize, thus achieve the effect to refine crystal grain; finally, residual stress introduced by multidirectional forging is further eliminated through cyclic heat treatment, the structure of the TC4 titanium alloy forging is stabilized, the performance of the forging is enhanced, and the forging has excellent strength and toughness.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below in connection with specific embodiments. The described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
Example 1:
annealing TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the size of (phi 180mm multiplied by 300 mm) at 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 2h and then air-cooling; multidirectional forging is carried out on the annealed titanium alloy cast ingot, the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1000 ℃, the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, a furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting times are 4 times for each pass, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is 2, and the total forging is 6 passes; performing cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank subjected to multidirectional forging, wherein the upper limit temperature is 960 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min; the lower limit temperature is 700 ℃; preserving the heat for 20min. The number of cycles was 6. And (3) carrying out two-step annealing treatment on the sample subjected to the cyclic heat treatment, wherein the first-step annealing process is carried out for 2 hours at 900 ℃ and then air-cooling, and the second-step annealing process is carried out for 1 hour at 600 ℃.
Tests show that the average grain size of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging obtained in the example 1 is 300nm, and according to GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: the yield strength of the test forging piece reaches 1200MPa, the tensile strength reaches 1350MPa, and the fatigue limit reaches 650MPa in the room temperature test method and GB3075-82 metal axial fatigue test method.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is that the forged blank after multi-directional forging is directly subjected to two-step annealing treatment without being subjected to cyclic heat treatment. Tests show that the average grain size of the obtained Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging is 460nm, the yield strength of the forging is 1060MPa, the tensile strength is 1170MPa, and the fatigue limit reaches 560MPa, which is far smaller than that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that the forging stock after multidirectional forging is subjected to cyclic heat treatment, the upper limit temperature of the cyclic heat treatment is 1020 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30min; the lower limit temperature is 700 ℃; preserving the heat for 20min. The number of cycles was 2. Tests show that the average grain size of the obtained Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging is 380nm, the yield strength of the forging is 1120MPa, the tensile strength is 1240MPa, and the fatigue limit is 590MPa, which is far smaller than that of the embodiment 1.
Example 2:
annealing TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the size of (phi 180mm multiplied by 300 mm) at 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1h and then air-cooling; multidirectional forging is carried out on the annealed titanium alloy cast ingot, the initial forging temperature is 1050 ℃, the final forging temperature is 800 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, a furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting times are 4 times for each pass, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is 2, and the total forging is 8 passes; performing cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank subjected to multidirectional forging, wherein the upper limit temperature is 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min; the lower limit temperature is 750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10min, and the cycle number is 8. And (3) carrying out two-step annealing treatment on the sample subjected to the cyclic heat treatment, wherein the first-step annealing process is carried out for 2 hours at 850 ℃ and then air cooling, and the second-step annealing process is carried out for 1 hour at 650 ℃ and then air cooling.
Tests show that the average grain size of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging obtained in the example 2 is 250nm, and the metal material tensile test part 1 is carried out according to GB/T228.1-2010: the yield strength of the test forging piece reaches 1250MPa, the tensile strength reaches 1400MPa, and the fatigue limit reaches 680MPa in the room temperature test method and the GB3075-82 metal axial fatigue test method.
Comparative example 3:
unlike example 2, the titanium alloy ingot was directly subjected to multi-directional forging and subsequent cyclic heat treatment without being annealed in advance. Tests show that the average grain size of the obtained Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging is 380nm, the yield strength of the forging is 1140MPa, the tensile strength is 1280MPa, and the fatigue limit reaches 610MPa, which is far smaller than that of the embodiment 2.
Example 3:
annealing TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the size of (phi 180mm multiplied by 250 mm) at 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and then air-cooling; multidirectional forging is carried out on the annealed titanium alloy cast ingot, the initial forging temperature is controlled to 1030 ℃, the final forging temperature is controlled to 830 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, a furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting times of each pass are 3, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is 1.8, and the total forging is 8 passes; performing cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank subjected to multidirectional forging, wherein the upper limit temperature is 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 20min; the lower limit temperature is 730 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30min. The number of cycles was 4. And (3) carrying out two-step annealing treatment on the sample subjected to the cyclic heat treatment, wherein the first-step annealing process is carried out for 2 hours at 900 ℃ and then air-cooling, and the second-step annealing process is carried out for 2 hours at 650 ℃ and then air-cooling.
Tests show that the average grain size of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging obtained in example 3 is 320nm, and according to GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: room temperature test method and GB3075-82 Metal axial fatigue test method test forgings with yield strength up to 1180MPa, tensile strength up to 1320MPa and fatigue limit up to 630MPa.
Comparative example 4:
unlike example 3, the titanium alloy ingot was not subjected to multi-directional forging and subsequent cyclic heat treatment. Tests show that the average grain size of the obtained Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging is 600nm, the yield strength of the forging is 900MPa, the tensile strength is 1080MPa, and the fatigue limit reaches 530MPa, which is far smaller than that of the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 5:
the difference from example 3 is that the process of multi-directional forging of titanium alloy ingot and cyclic heat treatment of forging stock is different. The initial forging temperature of the multidirectional forging of the titanium alloy cast ingot is 1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, a furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting times of each pass are 2 times, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is 1.8, and the total forging is 2 passes; performing cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank subjected to multidirectional forging, wherein the upper limit temperature is 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 10min; the lower limit temperature is 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20min. The number of cycles was 3. Tests show that the average grain size of the obtained Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging is 450nm, the yield strength of the forging is 1080MPa, the tensile strength is 1190MPa, and the fatigue limit is 570MPa, which is far smaller than that of the embodiment 3.
In conclusion, the multi-directional forging combined cycle heat treatment process technology is adopted, so that the TC4 titanium alloy structure is optimized and improved, grains are refined, residual stress in the forging is eliminated, and finally the forging has excellent strength and toughness.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The forging and heat treatment method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Annealing the TC4 titanium alloy ingot at a temperature 20-150 ℃ higher than the beta phase transition temperature, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, and then air-cooling;
(2) Performing multidirectional forging on the titanium alloy cast ingot treated in the step (1) to obtain a forging stock;
(3) Carrying out cyclic heat treatment on the forged blank after multidirectional forging, wherein the cyclic times are 3-10 times, and preserving heat for 10-30 min each time; and after the circulation is finished, performing two-step annealing treatment on the sample, and then air-cooling.
2. The method of forging and heat treating a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the multi-directional forging in step (2) is: the initial forging temperature is controlled to 950-1100 ℃, the final forging temperature is controlled to 750-850 ℃, the strain rate is 1mm/s, the upsetting-drawing forging ratio is not less than 1.5 each time, the furnace return temperature compensation mode is adopted between each pass, the upsetting-drawing times of each pass are controlled to 3-4 times, and the total forging time is 4-10 times.
3. The method of forging and heat treating a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic heat treatment in step (3) is: the upper limit temperature of the cyclic heat treatment is selected to be 20-40 ℃ below the beta phase transition temperature, and the heat preservation is carried out for 5-60 min; the lower limit temperature of the cyclic heat treatment is 600-800 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 10-60 min. The temperature rise and fall rates of the cyclic heat treatment are controlled to be 4-6 ℃, the cycle times are 3-10, and the air cooling is carried out after the completion of the cyclic heat treatment.
4. The method of forging and heat treating a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the two-step annealing of the sample in step (3) is: the first annealing process is to keep the temperature between 600 and 900 ℃ for 0.5 to 2 hours and then air-cool, and the second annealing process is to keep the temperature between 400 and 700 ℃ for 1 to 3 hours and then air-cool.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311381497.1A CN117418180A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311381497.1A CN117418180A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117418180A true CN117418180A (en) | 2024-01-19 |
Family
ID=89524095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311381497.1A Pending CN117418180A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117418180A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-10-24 CN CN202311381497.1A patent/CN117418180A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112676503B (en) | Forging processing method for TC32 titanium alloy large-size bar | |
| CN105714223B (en) | A kind of homogenization heat treatment method of Al Zn Mg Cu Zr aluminium alloys | |
| CN109252061B (en) | Preparation method of high-temperature, high-thermal-stability and high-fracture-toughness titanium alloy bar | |
| CN102641978A (en) | Method for processing TC18 titanium alloy large-sized section bar | |
| CN104532057A (en) | Ti6242 titanium alloy and preparation method of small-size bar thereof | |
| CN111534715A (en) | Preparation method of universal reset screw base titanium alloy bar | |
| CN108559934A (en) | A kind of cryogenic treatment process of TC6 titanium alloy forgings | |
| CN112481567B (en) | Processing method for improving strength and plasticity of copper-containing titanium alloy | |
| CN105441845A (en) | Forging technology for abnormal structure of TC18 titanium alloy raw material | |
| CN113649503A (en) | High-strength beta forging titanium alloy forging structure control method for aircraft engine | |
| CN112322867A (en) | Heat treatment process for improving comprehensive mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo large-scale forging for nuclear power | |
| CN114790524B (en) | High fracture toughness Ti 2 Preparation process of AlNb-based alloy forging | |
| CN116000134A (en) | GH4738 alloy cold drawn bar and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN111647835B (en) | Method for improving mechanical heat treatment of beta-type titanium alloy | |
| CN110205572B (en) | Preparation method of two-phase Ti-Al-Zr-Mo-V titanium alloy forged rod | |
| CN114381679B (en) | Grain refinement method of GH4169 high-temperature alloy plate | |
| EP2557182A1 (en) | A method for forging metal alloy components for improved and uniform grain refinement and strength | |
| CN108262365A (en) | A kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace melting TC4 alloys processing method and cut deal base processing method | |
| CN107130195A (en) | A kind of 2A70 aluminum alloy forge pieces Technology for Heating Processing | |
| CN110541131B (en) | Al-Cu-Li alloy thermomechanical treatment process based on particle-excited nucleation | |
| CN117418180A (en) | Forging and heat treatment method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy | |
| CN115194069A (en) | Preparation method of Ti175 alloy large-size blisk forging | |
| CN108374136A (en) | A kind of heat treatment method improving TC4 titanium alloys intensity and plasticity | |
| CN114618970A (en) | Forging process for improving strength of thick-section TA15 titanium alloy forging | |
| CN113046661B (en) | Heat treatment method for improving structure and performance of 7xxx series aluminum alloy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |