CN117403806A - Prefabricating method of laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers - Google Patents
Prefabricating method of laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers Download PDFInfo
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- CN117403806A CN117403806A CN202311407433.4A CN202311407433A CN117403806A CN 117403806 A CN117403806 A CN 117403806A CN 202311407433 A CN202311407433 A CN 202311407433A CN 117403806 A CN117403806 A CN 117403806A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 289
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/06—Tying means; Spacers ; Devices for extracting or inserting wall ties
- E04G17/065—Tying means, the tensional elements of which are threaded to enable their fastening or tensioning
- E04G17/0655—Tying means, the tensional elements of which are threaded to enable their fastening or tensioning the element consisting of several parts
- E04G17/0657—Tying means, the tensional elements of which are threaded to enable their fastening or tensioning the element consisting of several parts fully recoverable
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building walls, and discloses a prefabrication method of a laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat insulation layers in a nondestructive mode. And the connection of the core concrete layer and the overhanging ceramic tile layer, the cold bridge breaking and convection breaking operations are completed while the core concrete layer is poured, and the prefabrication process is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building walls, in particular to a prefabricating method of a superposed wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat insulation layers in a lossless manner.
Background
The laminated wall is a semi-prefabricated wall similar to a laminated slab, plates on the left side and the right side of the wall are poured in a prefabricated factory, the two plates are connected through a reinforcement cage, and concrete is filled between the two plates after the laminated wall is transported to a site, so that the complete wall is formed.
The laminated wall is formed by connecting two layers of concrete into a whole by means of reinforcement cages, the prefabrication method is divided into two layers, one layer is formed by horizontally pouring one layer of concrete and simultaneously implanting the reinforcement cages, the layer is solidified and turned over, and the other layer is poured below. The second method is currently mainly used because of the poor quality of the laminated wall produced by the first method (such very small core forms tend to crack or severely adhere when the core forms are withdrawn).
In an ideal state, the less concrete is in the prefabricated part, the better the prefabricated part is, and thus the workload of storage, transportation and hoisting can be greatly reduced, but the concrete cannot be in the actual operation. The concrete of the prefabricated part of the composite slab or the composite wall is usually ten cm thick in a single layer. This is because the laminated slab or the laminated wall is a monolithic slab having a large area, which means low rigidity, and the prefabricated slab building materials are not protected by a mosaic frame like glass, and the strength of concrete is much lower than that of metal or glass, so that the prefabricated portion of the slab must be made thick to avoid damage during movement or collision. Besides the possible movement or collision of the laminated wall during storage, transportation and hoisting, the core mold is drawn out or turned over in the prefabrication stage (when the concrete is not cured to the maximum strength), so that the concrete in the prefabrication part is thicker and can occupy more than half of the thickness of the whole wall.
Besides, the structure of the laminated wall and the production process thereof bring great difficulty to integrating the ceramic tile and the heat preservation layer on the wall:
for prefabricated walls, integrating tiles and insulation onto the wall is a practice that can greatly reduce the work load of construction on site. But the structure of the semi-prefabricated wall such as the laminated wall is not suitable for integrating ceramic tiles or heat insulation layers:
for the heat preservation, if the heat preservation is arranged on the outer side of the superposed wall, the heat preservation is easy to fall off or damage in the transportation and installation processes, and if the heat preservation is arranged inside, the heat preservation can be repeatedly penetrated by tie bars in a reinforcement cage, ventilation holes (the reinforcement is combined with the heat preservation in an untight manner, and gaps are formed in the periphery) cause convection heat loss, and the reinforcement forms a cold bridge.
Considering that the tile needs to be turned over like a pancake in the production process of the laminated wall, the knocking is necessarily caused, if the tile is arranged on the outer surface of the layer of concrete poured in advance, the tile is inevitably damaged in the turning process (because the concrete is not cured to the maximum strength, the tile is easy to fall off or form a hollow drum at the moment), and if the tile is arranged on the outer surface of the layer of concrete poured in later, the tile is crashed or askew by the laminated wall pressed by turning over.
The concrete form is mainly wood form and elastic, and even steel form is often provided with elastic structures such as square steel pipe transverse ribs and back ribs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a prefabricating method of a superposed wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a lossless manner.
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: when the ceramic tile and the heat preservation layer are integrated into the laminated wall, the ceramic tile is easy to damage or fall off, and cold bridge and convection heat loss can occur on the heat preservation layer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a prefabricating method of a laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers is used for integrating the ceramic tiles and the heat preservation layers into the laminated wall and preventing the ceramic tiles from being damaged or falling off and preventing the heat preservation layers from generating cold bridge or convection heat loss; the superposed wall comprises a core concrete layer, an overhanging ceramic tile layer overhanging one side of the core concrete layer close to the outer side of the building through a precast outer overhanging pole, an inner overhanging template overhanging one side of the core concrete layer close to the inner side of the building through an integrated inner overhanging pole, a pre-open heat-insulating layer arranged between the core concrete layer and the overhanging ceramic tile layer, and a reinforcement cage arranged between the core concrete layer and the inner overhanging template;
the pre-cast adhesion layer is cement mortar with a steel wire mesh or exterior wall tile glue with a steel wire mesh, the pre-cast adhesion layer is connected with a core concrete layer into a whole through a pre-cast outer cantilever rod, the pre-cast outer cantilever rod penetrates through a pre-reserved hole on the pre-open heat preservation layer, and the pre-cast adhesion layer comprises an outer cantilever rod tensile core with two ends respectively positioned in the core concrete layer and the pre-cast adhesion layer, and concrete which is filled in a gap outside the outer cantilever rod tensile core and is connected with the core concrete layer and the pre-cast adhesion layer into a whole, and a clamping piece for clamping the pre-open heat preservation layer is detachably fixed on the outer cantilever rod tensile core;
one end of the integrated inner cantilever rod is propped against the inner side of the inner cantilever template and forms a cavity for pouring concrete during on-site assembly, the other end of the integrated inner cantilever rod is wrapped in a core concrete layer and is detachably and fixedly connected with an outer cantilever rod tensile core, and the inner cantilever template is detachably and fixedly connected with the integrated inner cantilever rod;
the prefabrication method comprises the following steps:
step one: paving the ceramic tile on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture and leveling to form an overhanging ceramic tile layer, and temporarily fixing the edge of the overhanging ceramic tile layer;
step two: paving a steel wire mesh on the overhanging ceramic tile layer and pouring a pre-cast adhesion layer;
step three: spreading a pre-opened heat-insulating layer, anchoring the tensile core of the outer lifting rod into a pre-cast adhesion layer which is not initially set along a pre-opened hole on the pre-opened heat-insulating layer, and clamping the clamping pieces on the upper side and the lower side of the pre-opened heat-insulating layer;
step four: placing a reinforcement cage on the pre-opened heat preservation layer, and installing an integrated inner ram;
step five: pouring a core concrete layer, wherein the concrete in the core concrete layer flows down along a preformed hole on the preformed hole heat preservation layer and is connected with the non-final-set preformed adhesive layer into a whole, and the concrete in the preformed hole and the outer cantilever tensile core form a preformed outer cantilever;
step six: and installing an inner picking template on the integrated inner picking rod.
In the first step, a side die which is arranged around the overhanging ceramic tile layer is firstly arranged on a die table, a release agent, a plastic film, a spacer cloth or a spacer paper is paved in the side die, then the ceramic tile is paved on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture in the side die and leveled to form the overhanging ceramic tile layer, the upper surface of the overhanging ceramic tile layer is cleaned after being leveled, and in the second step, a pre-cast adhesion layer is poured on the upper surface of the overhanging ceramic tile layer in a wet state.
Further, a limit bulge or a limit clamping groove for preventing the clamping pieces from sliding up and down is arranged on the outer-picking tensile core, the reserved hole on the reserved-hole heat-insulating layer is a rectangular hole, the lower clamping piece is a rectangular plate smaller than the reserved hole so as to conveniently pass through the reserved hole in the two clamping pieces on the same outer-picking tensile core, the length of the lower clamping piece is larger than the width of the cross section of the rectangular hole, and the upper clamping piece is larger than the reserved hole so as to prevent falling;
and thirdly, the clamping piece is firstly mounted on the outer-picking tensile core, then the outer-picking tensile core passes through the pre-opening thermal insulation layer along a pre-opening hole on the pre-opening thermal insulation layer, and when the lower clamping piece reaches the lower part of the pre-opening thermal insulation layer, the outer-picking tensile core is rotated by 90 degrees by taking the outer-picking tensile core as an axis, so that the clamping piece is clamped below the pre-opening thermal insulation layer.
Further, the outer-lever tensile core comprises a U-shaped core used for connecting the reinforcement cage and the pre-cast adhesion layer, a bolt head core used for connecting the integrated inner-lever and the pre-cast adhesion layer, and a drawknot core used for connecting the core concrete layer and the pre-cast adhesion layer, the lower end of the outer-lever tensile core is an arrow used for conveniently penetrating through a preformed hole on the pre-opened heat insulation layer and enhancing the pulling resistance, the U-shaped core is sleeved on the reinforcement cage, no clamping piece is arranged on the side surface of the U-shaped core, the upper end of the bolt head core is screwed at the lower end of the integrated inner-lever, and the upper end of the drawknot core is in a wavy shape, a threaded shape or a pier head shape used for enhancing the pulling resistance;
the steel reinforcement cage comprises two layers of steel reinforcement nets and tie bars which are arranged between the two layers of steel reinforcement nets and are used for connecting the two layers of steel reinforcement nets into a whole, one layer of steel reinforcement net is embedded in the core concrete layer, and two ends of the tie bars are respectively bent into hooks for biting the steel reinforcement nets;
the bolt head core and the drawknot core are anchored in the pre-cast adhesion layer which is not initially set in the third step, and the U-shaped core is anchored in the pre-cast adhesion layer which is not initially set on one steel bar of the steel bar net which is sleeved on the lower layer after the steel bar cage is placed and the height is adjusted in the fourth step.
Further, the inner-picking template is an integrated metal template with square pipe transverse ribs and square pipe back edges, or an integrated wood die with square wood transverse ribs and square wood back edges, or a wood die without transverse ribs and back edges, and is detachably and fixedly connected with the pre-cast outer-picking rod through countersunk screws or bolts with flexible nut protective caps, and in the storage and transportation state, the outer-picking ceramic tile layer is clamped between the pre-open heat-insulating layer and the inner-picking template of the other superposed wall.
Further, the concrete in the pre-cast outer ram is heat-insulation concrete, and the tensile core of the outer ram is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
In the second step, a net cushion block for controlling the pre-cast adhesion layer and ensuring that a steel wire net is positioned in the middle of the pre-cast adhesion layer is arranged between the overhanging ceramic tile layer and the pre-open heat preservation layer, a groove matched with the steel wire net is formed in the net cushion block, and the steel wire net is inlaid in the groove and is supported by the net cushion block in the casting process of the pre-cast adhesion layer; when the laminated wall is used as an outer wall of a high-rise building, the overhanging ceramic tile layer is fixedly connected with the net cushion block in the second step in a bolting or grooving joggling mode.
Further, a demolding layer which is used for preventing the demolding from being impossible after the concrete is poured between the inner picking template and the core concrete layer is arranged on the inner side of the inner picking template, and the demolding layer is demolding agent, plastic film, isolating cloth or isolating paper.
Compared with the prior art, the prefabricating method of the laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating the ceramic tiles and the heat preservation layer has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, the precast concrete layer at one side of the superposed wall is replaced by a template, the turnover is not needed in the pouring process, and the ceramic tile is hung at the other side by the precast outer cantilever, so that a structure which has rigidity similar to a core tube steel structure building and can generate elastic deformation to a certain extent is formed; in the prefabrication stage, the overturning is not needed, so that the prefabricated steel plate is not easy to damage; in the storage/transfer stage, the ceramic tiles are clamped between the heat-insulating layer and the templates (all elastic) of the other overlapped wall, so that the ceramic tiles are not easy to damage; in the hoisting stage, the ceramic tile and the stressed part (the core concrete layer and the reinforcement cage) are separated by the heat insulation layer, so that the ceramic tile is not easy to damage; enabling the tile to be integrated into a superimposed wall; the heat-insulating layer is clamped between the core concrete layer and the ceramic tile, the heat-insulating layer is not easy to fall off or damage, meanwhile, the connecting piece penetrating through the heat-insulating layer is a precast outer ram (composed of concrete and glass fiber reinforced plastic cores in the heat-insulating layer), the connection is reliable (because the heat-insulating layer is not connected by the bond strength of the concrete as the conventional embedded piece, but is directly integrally formed with the two concrete parts), no air leakage is caused, and a cold bridge (the heat conductivity of the heat-insulating concrete and the glass fiber reinforced plastic is far lower than that of metal) is not caused. On the premise of ensuring that the ceramic tile is not damaged and the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation layer is not affected, the ceramic tile and the heat preservation layer are integrated into the superposed wall, so that the workload of site construction is greatly reduced;
according to the invention, by adjusting the relative positions of the components and the selected materials, the operations of completing the connection of the core concrete layer and the overhanging ceramic tile layer (the overhanging tensile core is very thin and is insufficient for completing the connection singly), breaking a cold bridge and breaking convection while pouring the core concrete layer are achieved without additional steps;
in the invention, the laminated wall only needs one layer of precast concrete, the amount of the concrete of the precast part of the laminated wall is greatly reduced, and the dead weight is reduced to less than half of that of the conventional laminated wall;
according to the invention, the prefabrication process of the laminated wall does not need turning equipment, the production period is obviously shortened (the first layer of concrete is not required to be solidified), and meanwhile, the yield is improved to a certain extent (part of the laminated wall is not damaged due to turning).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for prefabricating a laminated wall with non-destructive integration of tiles and insulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a method for prefabricating a laminated wall with non-destructive integration of tiles and insulation layers according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the outer tensile core;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the relative positions of the preformed holes in the preformed hole insulation and the clips at the bottom of the outer tensile core;
in the figure, the concrete layer is 1-core, the ceramic tile layer is 2-outwards chosen, the template is 3-inwards chosen, the heat insulation layer is 4-pre-opened, the adhesion layer is 5-pre-cast, the steel wire mesh is 51-, the net cushion block is 52-mesh, the outer ram is 6-pre-cast, the tensile core of the outer ram is 61-outwards chosen, the clamping piece is 62-and the inner ram is 7-integrated, and the reinforcement cage is 8-.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a prefabricating method of a laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating ceramic tiles and heat insulation layers is used for integrating the ceramic tiles and the heat insulation layers into the laminated wall and preventing the ceramic tiles from being damaged or falling off and preventing the heat insulation layers from generating cold bridge or convection heat loss; the laminated wall comprises a core concrete layer 1, an overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 overhanging the side of the core concrete layer 1 close to the outer side of the building through a pre-cast outer overhanging rod 6, an inward overhanging template 3 overhanging the side of the core concrete layer 1 close to the inner side of the building through an integrated inward overhanging rod 7, a pre-open heat-insulating layer 4 arranged between the core concrete layer 1 and the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2, and a reinforcement cage 8 arranged between the core concrete layer 1 and the inward overhanging template 3;
the core concrete layer 1 corresponds here to one layer of concrete in a conventional composite wall, the other layer of concrete being replaced by the shouldered form 3. The inward-protruding means that the building is positioned on the inner side of the building, and can directly enable a constructor to construct in the building without high-altitude operation. Since the interior formwork 3 is integrated in the composite wall already in the prefabrication stage, no formwork is required for site construction, and the site installation process of the composite wall is not different from that of a conventional composite wall. The difference is that it is not necessary to install tiles and insulation again, and the inner picking form 3 needs to be removed after the concrete has set (form removal is a quick and labor-saving operation).
Since the core concrete layer 1 is equivalent to one layer of concrete in a conventional laminated wall, the core concrete layer has higher rigidity, and can form a structure similar to a core tube steel structure building with the inner-cantilever formwork 3 and the outer-cantilever ceramic tile layer 2 which have lower rigidity on two sides and certain elasticity (the outer-cantilever ceramic tile layer 2 is segmented, just like a zha, and is allowed to deform and returns to the original position under the restraint of the outer-cantilever tensile core 61 and the outer-cantilever ceramic tile layer 2 after deformation, so that the outer-cantilever ceramic tile layer 2 is elastic). The core concrete layer 1 here corresponds to the core tube, while the inner overhanging formwork 3 and the outer overhanging tile layer 2 correspond to the steel structure of the building periphery, and the intermediate connection structure corresponds to the beam of the building.
The pre-cast adhesion layer 5 used for bonding the outer-picking ceramic tile layer 2 and the pre-open heat preservation layer 4 is filled between the outer-picking ceramic tile layer 2 and the pre-open heat preservation layer 4, the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 is cement mortar with a steel wire mesh 51 or exterior wall ceramic tile glue with the steel wire mesh 51, the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 is connected with the core concrete layer 1 into a whole through a pre-cast outer cantilever rod 6, the pre-cast outer cantilever rod 6 penetrates through a pre-open hole on the pre-open heat preservation layer 4, and comprises an outer cantilever rod tensile core 61 with two ends respectively positioned in the core concrete layer 1 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 and concrete filled in a gap outside the outer cantilever rod tensile core 61 and connected with the core concrete layer 1 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 into a whole, and a clamping piece 62 used for clamping the pre-open heat preservation layer 4 is detachably fixed on the outer cantilever rod tensile core 61;
the pre-cast adhesive layer 5 containing the steel wire mesh 51 is matched with the pre-cast outer ram 6 containing the outer ram tensile core 61, so that a structure is formed, namely, the ceramic tile can be fixed, and the ceramic tile cannot fall off even if the pre-cast adhesive layer 5 breaks. The pre-cast adhesion layer 5 which is cracked is positioned inside and cannot be seen from the outside, and the decoration effect is not affected. This is particularly suitable for tiles because the tiles are tiled together, not in one piece, resulting in a strain that occurs in the pre-cast adhesive layer 5, regardless of whether the tile or the pre-cast adhesive layer 5 is stressed, and the pre-cast adhesive layer 5 is allowed to fracture, which dissipates external forces after fracture. I.e. the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 not only plays an adhesive role, but also a structure for sacrificing consumption to protect the tile from being externally vulnerable. At the same time, the concrete portion in the outer ram tensile core 61 of the pre-cast outer ram 6 may also be broken.
One end of the integrated inner cantilever rod 7 is propped against the inner side of the inner cantilever rod 3 and forms a cavity for pouring concrete during field assembly, the other end of the integrated inner cantilever rod 7 is wrapped in the core concrete layer 1 and is detachably and fixedly connected with an outer cantilever rod tensile core 61, and the inner cantilever rod 3 is detachably and fixedly connected with the integrated inner cantilever rod 7;
considering that the inner cantilever beam 7 is supported by the integrated inner cantilever beam 3 during prefabrication, if the pre-perforated insulating layer 4 is softer, the pre-perforated insulating layer 4 is pressed out of the pit, which is unfavorable for heat preservation, so that the inner cantilever beam 7 needs to be connected with an outer cantilever beam tensile core 61 into a whole, and the integrated inner cantilever beam 7 is supported by the outer cantilever beam tensile core 61 and the concrete around the outer cantilever beam tensile core.
The prefabrication method comprises the following steps:
step one: paving the ceramic tile on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture and leveling to form an overhanging ceramic tile layer 2, and temporarily fixing the edge of the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2;
the tiles are in a movable state before the subsequent concrete curing is completed, and if disturbed in the process, the tiles on the superimposed wall are deviated and are difficult to correct, so that the edges of the tiles must be fixed on a die table.
Step two: paving a steel wire mesh 51 on the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 and pouring a pre-cast adhesion layer 5;
the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 is made of cement mortar with better adhesion or special external wall tile glue, wherein the external wall tile glue is made of cellulose, quartz sand, rubber powder and high-grade cement, and a steel wire mesh 51 in the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 can be replaced by a glass fiber mesh and the like.
Step three: spreading a pre-opened heat preservation layer 4, anchoring the outer-picking tensile core 61 into the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 which is not initially solidified along the pre-opened holes on the pre-opened heat preservation layer 4, and clamping the clamping pieces 62 on the upper side and the lower side of the pre-opened heat preservation layer 4;
the pre-cast outer ram 6 is not only used for connecting tiles, but also for connecting pre-perforated insulation 4, but here the pre-cast outer ram 6 cannot limit the pre-perforated insulation 4 to slide on the rod, limiting by the tiles is not suitable, as this would increase the load the tiles are subjected to in use, and therefore the clips 62 need to be provided for limiting. The clips 62 not only pull the pre-perforated insulation 4 but also prevent the outer tensile core 61 from falling off during casting. The clip 62 is split to avoid blocking the concrete and to facilitate the attachment of the clip 62 to the outer tensile core 61.
Step four: placing a reinforcement cage 8 on the pre-opened heat preservation layer 4, and installing an integrated inner ram 7; note that the reinforcement cage 8 is also needed to be filled with things, and in this embodiment, a concrete block is used to fill up, so that a sufficient reinforcement protection layer is ensured outside the reinforcement cage 8.
Step five: pouring a core concrete layer 1, wherein the concrete in the core concrete layer 1 flows down along a preformed hole on the preformed hole heat preservation layer 4 and is connected with the non-final-set preformed adhesive layer 5 into a whole, and the concrete in the preformed hole and the outer cantilever tensile core 61 form a preformed outer cantilever 6 together;
the relative position of the components here, and the prefabricated process without turning, makes no extra steps necessary here, directly relying on the concrete in the core concrete layer 1 flowing down to complete the connection (the outer lever tensile core 61 is thin enough not to complete the connection alone), breaking the cold bridge, breaking the convection operation.
The pouring of the core concrete layer 1 should be performed after the pre-pouring adhesive layer 5 is initially set, or the integrated inner ram 7 is bound to the reinforcement cage 8, so as to prevent the integrated inner ram 7 from being askew during the pouring of the core concrete layer 1.
Step six: the inner cantilever rod 7 is provided with an inner cantilever template 3. The sequence can be adjusted according to the condition of the on-site concrete curing equipment, if the on-site concrete curing equipment can still cure the core concrete layer 1 after the inner picking templates 3 are installed, the sequence of installing the inner picking templates 3 can be prior to curing the core concrete layer 1, and thus, the core concrete layer 1 can be ensured to be cured in a light-shielding and wind-shielding environment. Otherwise, the inward-protruding form 3 should be installed after the curing of the core concrete layer 1 is completed.
Firstly, installing a side die which is arranged around the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 on a die table, paving a release agent, a plastic film, a spacer cloth or a spacer paper in the side die, paving a ceramic tile on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture in the side die and leveling to form the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2, cleaning the upper surface of the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 after leveling, and secondly, pouring a pre-cast adhesion layer 5 on the upper surface of the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 in a wet state.
Here, the back of the tile is ensured to be in a dust-free and wet state before being contacted with the pre-cast adhesion layer 5, so that the two are firmly combined.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the outer tensile core 61 is provided with a limit protrusion or a limit clamping groove for preventing the clamping piece 62 from sliding up and down, the preformed hole on the preformed hole heat insulation layer 4 is a rectangular hole, the lower clamping piece 62 is a rectangular plate smaller than the preformed hole so as to conveniently pass through the preformed hole in the two clamping pieces 62 on the same outer tensile core 61, the length of the lower clamping piece 62 is larger than the width of the cross section of the rectangular hole, and the upper clamping piece 62 is larger than the preformed hole so as to prevent falling;
in the third step, the clamping piece 62 is firstly mounted on the outer-picking tensile core 61, then the outer-picking tensile core 61 passes through the pre-opened thermal insulation layer 4 along the pre-opened hole on the pre-opened thermal insulation layer 4, and when the lower clamping piece 62 reaches the lower part of the pre-opened thermal insulation layer 4, the outer-picking tensile core 61 is rotated by 90 degrees by taking the outer-picking tensile core 61 as an axis, so that the clamping piece 62 is clamped under the pre-opened thermal insulation layer 4.
Note that the clip 62 and the outer lever tensile core 61 cannot be attached to the pre-perforated insulating layer 4 and then the pre-perforated insulating layer 4 is placed on the pre-cast adhesive layer 5. Found in practical use. Thus, although the clip 62 does not pass through the hole in the pre-opened insulating layer 4, another problem is that the outer ram tensile core 61 is askew, because the outer ram tensile core 61 is in clearance fit with the hole in the pre-opened insulating layer 4, and the lower end is askew after being inserted into the pre-cast adhesive layer 5.
The outer-lever tensile core 61 comprises a U-shaped core for connecting the reinforcement cage 8 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5, a bolt head core for connecting the integrated inner-lever 7 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5, and a drawknot core for connecting the core concrete layer 1 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5, the lower end of the outer-lever tensile core 61 is an arrow for conveniently penetrating through a preformed hole on the pre-opened heat insulation layer 4 and enhancing the pulling resistance, the U-shaped core is sleeved on the reinforcement cage 8, the side surface of the U-shaped core is provided with no clamping piece 62, the upper end of the bolt head core is screwed at the lower end of the integrated inner-lever 7, and the upper end of the drawknot core is in a wavy shape, a threaded shape or a pier head shape for enhancing the pulling resistance; the U-shaped core and the drawknot core respectively connect the concrete in the core concrete layer 1, the reinforcement cage 8 and the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 into a whole, so that reliable connection is ensured, and the bolt head core can support the integrated inner ram 7 and avoid the inclination of the ram during casting of the core concrete layer 1.
The reinforcement cage 8 comprises two layers of reinforcement meshes and tie bars which are arranged between the two layers of reinforcement meshes and are used for connecting the two layers of reinforcement meshes into a whole, one layer of reinforcement meshes is embedded in the core concrete layer 1, and two ends of each tie bar are respectively bent into hooks for biting the reinforcement meshes; the hooks are required to support the upper mesh reinforcement from falling.
The bolt head core and the drawknot core are anchored into the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 which is not initially set in the third step, the U-shaped core is placed and adjusted in height in the fourth step, and then is sleeved on one steel bar of the steel bar net at the lower layer, and the U-shaped core is anchored into the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 which is not initially set.
The inner-picking template 3 is an integrated metal template with square pipe transverse ribs and square pipe back edges, or an integrated wood template with square wood transverse ribs and square wood back edges, or a wood template without transverse ribs and back edges, and the inner-picking template 3 is detachably and fixedly connected with the pre-cast outer-picking rod 6 through countersunk screws or bolts with flexible nut protective caps, and in the storage and transportation state, the outer-picking ceramic tile layer 2 is clamped between the pre-open heat-insulating layer 4 and the inner-picking template 3 of the other laminated wall.
The main purpose here is to ensure that during storage and transport, the inward-protruding templates 3 in contact with the tiles are free of elements that would knock the tiles.
The concrete in the pre-cast outer ram 6 is thermal insulation concrete (concrete with low thermal conductivity aggregate such as pumice or foamed concrete), and the outer ram tensile core 61 is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This effectively breaks the cold bridge, although ordinary concrete and steel outer tensile core 61 are also possible, since the ordinary concrete has a low thermal conductivity, and here the thermal conduction is not obvious because the outer tensile core 61 is thin (the body of force is the concrete outside it, which itself only needs sufficient tensile strength).
In the second step, a net cushion block 52 which is used for controlling the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 and ensuring that the steel wire net 51 is positioned in the middle of the pre-cast adhesion layer 5 is arranged between the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 and the pre-open heat preservation layer 4, a groove matched with the steel wire net 51 is formed in the net cushion block 52, and the steel wire net 51 is inlaid in the groove and supported by the net cushion block 52 in the casting process of the pre-cast adhesion layer 5; when the laminated wall is used as the outer wall of a high-rise building, the overhanging ceramic tile layer 2 is fixedly connected with the net cushion block 52 in the second step in a bolting or grooving joggling mode. So as to meet the safety requirements of national standards when ceramic tiles are used for high-rise buildings. The grooving joggles herein means that diagonal grooves are cut in the tiles and then the rabbets inserted into the diagonal grooves are provided on the net spacer 52. In this embodiment, the bottom of the mesh pad 52 is provided with a cross-shaped groove, and the crossing position of the steel mesh sheet is tightly clamped in the groove and then connected with the tile, so that the tile can be reliably pulled by the steel mesh 51.
The inner side of the inner picking template 3 is provided with a release layer which is used for preventing the inner picking template 3 and the core concrete layer 1 from being unable to be disassembled after concrete is poured, and the release layer is release agent, plastic film, isolating cloth or isolating paper.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A prefabricating method of a laminated wall capable of nondestructively integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers is used for integrating the ceramic tiles and the heat preservation layers into the laminated wall and preventing the ceramic tiles from being damaged or falling off and preventing the heat preservation layers from generating cold bridge or convection heat loss; the method is characterized in that: the laminated wall comprises a core concrete layer (1), an overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) overhanging one side of the core concrete layer (1) close to the outer side of a building through a pre-cast outer overhanging rod (6), an inner overhanging template (3) overhanging one side of the core concrete layer (1) close to the inner side of the building through an integrated inner overhanging rod (7), a pre-open heat-insulating layer (4) arranged between the core concrete layer (1) and the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2), and a reinforcement cage (8) arranged between the core concrete layer (1) and the inner overhanging template (3);
the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) for bonding the outer-raised ceramic tile layer (2) and the pre-open heat preservation layer (4) is filled between the outer-raised ceramic tile layer (2) and the pre-open heat preservation layer (4), the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) is cement mortar with a steel wire mesh (51) or external wall ceramic tile glue with the steel wire mesh (51), the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) is connected with the core concrete layer (1) into a whole through a pre-cast outer-raised rod (6), the pre-cast outer-raised rod (6) is arranged in a pre-open hole in the pre-open heat preservation layer (4) in a penetrating way, and comprises an outer-raised rod tensile core (61) with two ends respectively positioned in the core concrete layer (1) and the pre-open adhesion layer (5) and concrete filled in a gap outside the outer-raised rod tensile core (61) and connected with the core concrete layer (1) and the pre-open adhesion layer (5) into a whole, and clamping pieces (62) for clamping the pre-open heat preservation layer (4) are detachably fixed on the outer-raised rod core (61);
one end of the integrated inner cantilever rod (7) props against the inner side of the inner cantilever template (3) and forms a cavity for pouring concrete during field assembly, the other end of the integrated inner cantilever rod is wrapped in the core concrete layer (1) and is detachably and fixedly connected with an outer cantilever rod tensile core (61), and the inner cantilever template (3) is detachably and fixedly connected with the integrated inner cantilever rod (7);
the prefabrication method comprises the following steps:
step one: paving the ceramic tile on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture and leveling to form an overhanging ceramic tile layer (2), and temporarily fixing the edge of the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2);
step two: paving a steel wire mesh (51) on the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) and pouring a pre-cast adhesion layer (5);
step three: paving a pre-opened heat-insulating layer (4), anchoring the outer-picking tensile core (61) into the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) which is not initially solidified along the pre-opened holes on the pre-opened heat-insulating layer (4), and clamping the clamping pieces (62) on the upper side and the lower side of the pre-opened heat-insulating layer (4);
step four: placing a reinforcement cage (8) on the pre-opened heat preservation layer (4), and installing an integrated inner ram (7);
step five: pouring a core concrete layer (1), wherein the concrete in the core concrete layer (1) flows down along a preformed hole on the preformed hole heat insulation layer (4) and is connected with an unfixed pre-pouring adhesion layer (5) into a whole, and the concrete in the preformed hole and an outer cantilever tensile core (61) form a pre-pouring outer cantilever (6) together;
step six: an inner picking template (3) is arranged on the integrated inner picking rod (7).
2. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: firstly, installing a side die arranged around the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) on a die table, paving a release agent, a plastic film, a spacer cloth or a spacer paper in the side die, paving a ceramic tile on a horizontal die table in a back-up posture in the side die and leveling to form the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2), cleaning the upper surface after the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) is leveled, and pouring a pre-cast adhesion layer (5) on the upper surface of the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) in a wet state in the second step.
3. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the outer-picking tensile core (61) is provided with a limit bulge or a limit clamping groove for preventing the clamping piece (62) from sliding up and down, the reserved hole on the reserved hole heat-insulating layer (4) is a rectangular hole, in the two clamping pieces (62) on the same outer-picking tensile core (61), the clamping piece (62) below is a rectangular plate smaller than the reserved hole so as to conveniently pass through the reserved hole, the length of the clamping piece (62) below is larger than the width of the cross section of the rectangular hole, and the clamping piece (62) above is larger than the reserved hole so as to prevent falling;
in the third step, the clamping piece (62) is firstly installed on the outer-picking-lever tensile core (61), then the outer-picking-lever tensile core (61) passes through the pre-opening thermal insulation layer (4) along a pre-opening hole on the pre-opening thermal insulation layer (4), and when the lower clamping piece (62) reaches the lower part of the pre-opening thermal insulation layer (4), the outer-picking-lever tensile core (61) is rotated by 90 degrees by taking the outer-picking-lever tensile core (61) as an axis, so that the clamping piece (62) is clamped below the pre-opening thermal insulation layer (4).
4. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the outer-picking tensile core (61) comprises a U-shaped core for connecting a reinforcement cage (8) and a pre-pouring adhesive layer (5), a bolt head core for connecting an integrated inner-picking rod (7) and the pre-pouring adhesive layer (5) and a drawknot core for connecting a core concrete layer (1) and the pre-pouring adhesive layer (5), the lower ends of the outer-picking tensile cores (61) are arrows for conveniently penetrating through preformed holes in a pre-opened heat-insulating layer (4) and enhancing pulling resistance, the U-shaped core is sleeved on the reinforcement cage (8) and is provided with no clamping piece (62) on the side surface, the upper ends of the bolt head cores are screwed at the lower ends of the integrated inner-picking rods (7), and the upper ends of the drawknot cores are wavy, threaded or pier-shaped for enhancing pulling resistance;
the steel reinforcement cage (8) comprises two layers of steel reinforcement nets and tie bars which are arranged between the two layers of steel reinforcement nets and are used for connecting the two layers of steel reinforcement nets into a whole, one layer of steel reinforcement net is embedded in the core concrete layer (1), and two ends of the tie bars are respectively bent to form hooks which bite the steel reinforcement nets;
the bolt head core and the drawknot core are anchored in the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) which is not initially set in the third step, and the U-shaped core is placed in the fourth step of the reinforcement cage (8) and is sleeved on one reinforcement of the reinforcement mesh at the lower layer after the height is adjusted, and is anchored in the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) which is not initially set.
5. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner-picking template (3) is an integrated metal template with square pipe transverse ribs and square pipe back edges, or an integrated wood die with square wood transverse ribs and square wood back edges, or a wood die without transverse ribs and back edges, the inner-picking template (3) is detachably and fixedly connected with the pre-cast outer-picking rod (6) through countersunk screws or bolts with flexible nut protective caps, and the outer-picking ceramic tile layer (2) is clamped between the pre-open heat-insulating layer (4) and the inner-picking template (3) of another laminated wall under the storage and transportation states.
6. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the concrete in the pre-cast outer ram (6) is heat-insulation concrete, and the outer ram tensile core (61) is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
7. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the second step, a net cushion block (52) for controlling the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) and ensuring that a steel wire net (51) is positioned in the middle of the pre-cast adhesion layer (5) is arranged between the outward-protruding ceramic tile layer (2) and the pre-open heat preservation layer (4), a groove matched with the steel wire net (51) is formed in the net cushion block (52), and the steel wire net (51) is inlaid in the groove and is supported by the net cushion block (52) in the casting process of the pre-cast adhesion layer (5); when the laminated wall is used as an outer wall of a high-rise building, the overhanging ceramic tile layer (2) is fixedly connected with the net cushion block (52) in the second step in a bolting or grooving joggling mode.
8. The method for prefabricating the laminated wall capable of integrating ceramic tiles and heat preservation layers in a nondestructive mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner side of the inner picking template (3) is provided with a demolding layer which is used for preventing the demolding from being performed after concrete is poured between the inner picking template (3) and the core concrete layer (1), and the demolding layer is a demolding agent, a plastic film, a spacer cloth or a spacer paper.
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| CN102650152A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-08-29 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Prefabricated sandwich heat-preservation heat insulation concrete external wall panel and fabrication method |
| KR20180034807A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | (주)한국록셀보드 | Outside heat-insulation wall method and outside heat-insulation wall thereby |
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| DE102019103215A1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | Peter Böhm | Composite wall construction for a building |
| CN116344088A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-06-27 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear engineering stainless steel cladding laminated wall and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102650152A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-08-29 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Prefabricated sandwich heat-preservation heat insulation concrete external wall panel and fabrication method |
| KR20180034807A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | (주)한국록셀보드 | Outside heat-insulation wall method and outside heat-insulation wall thereby |
| CN108086527A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-29 | 刘令 | The production method for keeping the temperature big building block assembled wall |
| DE102019103215A1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | Peter Böhm | Composite wall construction for a building |
| CN116344088A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-06-27 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear engineering stainless steel cladding laminated wall and construction method thereof |
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