CN117394213B - Anti-twisting device and method for cable laying - Google Patents
Anti-twisting device and method for cable laying Download PDFInfo
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- CN117394213B CN117394213B CN202311329286.3A CN202311329286A CN117394213B CN 117394213 B CN117394213 B CN 117394213B CN 202311329286 A CN202311329286 A CN 202311329286A CN 117394213 B CN117394213 B CN 117394213B
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- connecting rod
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- cable laying
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
- H02G1/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/24—Reminder alarms, e.g. anti-loss alarms
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power engineering, in particular to an anti-twisting device and method for cable laying. The device comprises a detection head, a connecting rod and a processor, wherein one end of the connecting rod is connected with the detection head, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the processor; the X-ray tube and the image detector are arranged on the detecting head, the X-ray tube and the image detector are arranged oppositely, the detecting head is movably connected with the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is of a telescopic structure. The detector head is of a C-shaped structure, one end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove I towards the direction of the circle center, the X-ray tube is clamped in the groove I, the other end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove II towards the direction of the circle center, and the image detector is fixed in the groove II. The detecting head is also provided with a protection plate, the protection plate is attached to the X-ray tube, and a gap is reserved on the protection plate. The invention can detect the images of the inner wire cores of the cables in the laying process, and workers can observe the inner conditions of the cables in real time, thereby prolonging the service life of the cables to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power engineering, in particular to an anti-twisting device and method for cable laying.
Background
In the construction of a power grid, the line laying is of great importance, wires and cables are one of the indispensable raw materials for transporting electric power energy, the application in the economic production is very wide, and the laying method of only the cables is various. The cable laying method mainly comprises the following steps: buried laying, laying cables along the support frame, laying cable through the cable protection tube, laying the cable bridge frame and the like.
The patent with the Chinese authorized publication number of CN105226574B discloses a cable laying method and a laying piece, comprising the following steps: the installation step of the laying machine: according to a preset laying scheme, installing a cable laying machine at a preset position, wherein the preset position comprises a plurality of installation seats which are arranged at intervals, and each installation seat is correspondingly provided with a cable laying machine; the tractor mounting step: according to the distribution route of the cable laying machine, cable tractors are respectively arranged at the middle position of the distribution route and the end position far away from the first cable laying machine; and (3) a control box installation step: a control box is correspondingly arranged adjacent to each mounting seat, and is electrically connected with the cable laying machine and used for controlling the start and stop of the cable laying machine; the control step: each control box is connected with the master controller respectively, and the master controller is provided with control program, and sets up the laying speed of cable laying machine and is greater than the traction speed of tractor. The cable laying method has higher cable laying efficiency and good safety performance, and can be suitable for the line cable with larger sectional area and longer distance.
The basic structure of the power cable consists of four parts, namely a wire core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer. In the production process, the internal structure of the power cable is relatively regular. In the construction process, the cable is pulled in the cable laying process, distortion is often generated, abnormal deformation can be generated on the insulating layer, the shielding layer and the protective layer inside the cable after the distortion is generated, the power cable can be normally used in a short period, but after the power cable is used for a long time, the insulating layer inside the cable is extremely easy to cause damage to the cable due to failure of the specified service life caused by ageing of the cable, and faults are easy to generate, so that larger accidents are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the cable laying anti-twisting device and method have the advantages that the cable laying anti-twisting device and method can detect the bending condition of the inner wire cores of laid cables in the power construction process, and can give an alarm in time for the condition that the bending amplitude of the inner wire cores is large, so that the laid cables are prevented from being twisted, and the safety service life of the cables is prolonged.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The anti-twisting device for cable laying comprises a detection head, a connecting rod and a processor, wherein one end of the connecting rod is connected with the detection head, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the processor; the X-ray tube and the image detector are arranged on the detecting head, the X-ray tube and the image detector are arranged oppositely, the detecting head is movably connected with the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is of a telescopic structure.
Preferably, the detector head is of a C-shaped structure, one end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove I towards the direction of the circle center, the X-ray tube is clamped in the groove I, the other end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove II towards the direction of the circle center, and the image detector is fixed in the groove II.
Preferably, the detecting head is further provided with a protection plate, the protection plate is attached to the X-ray tube, a gap is reserved on the protection plate, the gap is opposite to the image detector, the X-ray emitted by the X-ray tube is prevented from leaking outwards, and the protection plate is a lead plate.
Preferably, the detecting head is provided with a sliding groove, a sliding block is connected in the sliding groove in a sliding way, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with the connecting rod.
Preferably, the connecting rod divide into connecting rod I and connecting rod II two parts, and connecting rod I is fixed on connecting block I, and connecting rod II is fixed on connecting block II, and connecting block I and connecting block II pass through the spliced pole and rotate to be connected.
Preferably, the processor is clamped at the tail end of the connecting rod II, and is provided with a display screen and an adjusting button.
Preferably, the processor is connected with the wireless Bluetooth module of the probe.
Preferably, the detector head is connected to a mains power supply.
An anti-twisting method for cable laying, which is applied to the anti-twisting device for cable laying, comprises the following steps:
s1: the anti-twisting device for cable laying is clamped above the cable to be laid;
S2: starting a switch on the processor, emitting X-rays by the detector head, detecting the X-rays by the image detector after penetrating the cable, generating a state diagram of a metal wire core inside the cable, and transmitting the state diagram to the processor;
S3: the processor processes the image and sets a state diagram of the metal wire core which is just measured as an initial state diagram;
S4: extracting state diagram features and setting a deflection angle critical value;
S5: and detecting the cable by using the anti-twisting device for cable laying at fixed time intervals or at fixed distance intervals, and transmitting the generated state diagram to a processor to be compared with the initial state diagram.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the anti-twisting device for cable laying is erected on a cable to be laid, the position of the sliding block in the sliding groove is adjusted according to different cable laying conditions, so as to adapt to different laying environments.
Preferably, in the step S5, after the processor compares the deflection angle between the image generated subsequently and the initial image, if the difference between the two is greater than the critical value of the deflection angle, the distortion degree of the cable exceeds the normal allowable range, and the processor sends out an abnormal reminder; otherwise, the state is normal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. Through setting up C type detecting head, can block to establish on the cable of laying, be difficult for producing the whereabouts of device, make the testing result more accurate.
2. Through setting up the X-ray tube, can send X-ray and pass and wait to detect the cable, send the image of the inside metal core of cable to the treater on, can be with the state of the inside sinle silk of image form observation cable, the deflection angle of inside sinle silk can be calculated to the treater, judges the distortion degree of cable, compare in traditional by eyes observe and experience judge more accurately.
3. The deflection angle critical value can be set, the standard of the cable control construction process can be flexibly set, and when the cable core in the cable is twisted to a certain degree, an alarm is timely sent out to remind a worker of adjusting the state of the laid cable.
4. The system can be used for overhauling cables, and for the cable sections with faults, the condition of the wire cores inside the cables can be observed through the image detection function, so that the system can be suitable for overhauling the inner wire cores of the laid cables under various construction environments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a probe of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connecting rod of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic imaging view of a detector head of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cable anti-twisting method of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a probe; 11. an X-ray tube; 12. an image detector; 13. a groove I; 14. a protection plate; 15. a slit; 16. a chute; 17. a slide block; 20. a connecting rod; 21. a connecting rod I; 22. a connecting rod II; 23. connecting block I; 24. a connecting block II; 25. a connecting column; 30. a processor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides an anti-twisting device for cable laying, which comprises a probe 10, a connecting rod 20, and a processor 30, wherein one end of the connecting rod 20 is connected with the probe 10, and the other end is connected with the processor 30; the X-ray tube 11 and the image detector 12 are arranged on the detecting head 10, the X-ray tube 11 and the image detector 12 are arranged opposite to each other, the detecting head 10 is movably connected with the connecting rod 20, and the connecting rod 20 is of a telescopic structure. By providing the X-ray tube 11, X-rays can be emitted, which can pass through the outer skin and the insulating layer of the cable, and an internal image is displayed on the image detector 12; by providing the connecting rod 20 as a telescopic structure, the length of the device can be flexibly adjusted.
Preferably, the probe 10 is of a C-shaped structure, one end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove i 13 towards the center direction, the x-ray tube 11 is clamped in the groove i 13, the other end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove ii towards the center direction, and the image detector 12 is fixed in the groove ii.
Preferably, the probe 10 is further provided with a protection plate 14, the protection plate 14 is attached to the X-ray tube 11, a gap 15 is reserved on the protection plate 14, the gap 15 is opposite to the image detector 12, and it is ensured that X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube 11 cannot leak outwards. By providing the protection plate 14, the safety of the device can be ensured, and radiation to the human body can be avoided.
Preferably, the detecting head 10 is provided with a sliding groove 16, a sliding block 17 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 16, and the sliding block 17 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 20. By providing the chute 16 and the slider 17, the orientation of the probe 10 can be adjusted by the cooperation of the chute 16 and the slider 17, and cables laid under different environments can be used.
Preferably, the connecting rod 20 is divided into a connecting rod I21 and a connecting rod II 22, the connecting rod I21 is fixed on the connecting block I23, the connecting rod II 22 is fixed on the connecting block II 24, and the connecting block I23 and the connecting block II 24 are rotationally connected through a connecting column 25. Through setting up spliced pole 25, can adjust the contained angle between connecting rod I21 and the connecting rod II 22, make things convenient for the nimble adjusting device's of staff form, conveniently detect the work.
Preferably, the processor 30 is clamped at the end of the connecting rod II 22, and the processor 30 is provided with a display screen and an adjusting button. The fiber core condition inside the cable can be more intuitively observed through the display screen, and the deflection angle critical value can be set by the adjusting button.
Preferably, the processor 30 is coupled to the wireless Bluetooth module of the probe 10. Through setting up the wireless bluetooth connection of treater 30 and detector head 10, the device can single operation, also can take off double cooperation operation with the treater 30, and the flexibility is higher.
Working principle:
The X-ray tube 11 is capable of generating an X-ray beam, and the X-ray tube 11 comprises two electrodes: one is a filament for emitting electrons as a cathode and the other is a target for receiving electron bombardment as an anode. Both electrodes are sealed within a high vacuum glass or ceramic envelope. The power supply part of the X-ray tube 11 comprises at least a low voltage power supply for heating the filament and a high voltage generator for applying a high voltage to the two poles. When the tungsten filament is passed through a sufficient current to cause it to generate an electron cloud, and a sufficient voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode such that the electron cloud is pulled toward the anode. At this time, electrons strike the tungsten target in a high-energy and high-speed state, the high-speed electrons reach the target surface, movement is suddenly prevented, and a small part of kinetic energy is converted into radiant energy and emitted in the form of X rays.
Since the front of the X-ray tube 11 is provided with the protection plate 14, the protection plate 14 is provided with the gap 15, only the X-rays facing the gap 15 can be emitted, the emitted X-rays are emitted towards the image detector 12, when a cable is arranged between the X-ray tube 11 and the image detector 12, the X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube 11 can penetrate through the outer skin and the insulating layer of the cable, the residual X-rays after penetrating through the cable are detected on the image detector 12, and the generated image is a state diagram of the cable core in the cable.
The image detector 12 is made of a scintillator material, which is a photodiode array, facing the slit 15 left on the shielding plate 14, capable of converting the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 11 into visible light.
As shown in fig. 4, since the cable has various materials, substances of different densities in the product composition have different X-ray absorption amounts, the X-ray intensities detected by the image detector 12 are different, and all image data are represented by gray values ranging from 0 to 255, wherein 0 is all black and 255 is all white.
When the detector is used, the detector head 10 is connected to the connecting rod I21, the processor 30 is connected to the connecting rod II 22, the connecting rod I21 and the connecting rod II 22 are respectively fixed to the connecting block I23 and the connecting block II 24, the connecting block I23 and the connecting block II 24 are movably connected through the connecting column 25, and the position of the sliding block 17 in the sliding groove 16 is adjusted according to the cable laying position, so that the detector head 10 is aligned to a cable; when the cable is detected, the length of the connecting rod 20 is adjusted, the detecting head 10 is clamped above the cable, a switch on the processor 30 is started, the detecting head 10 detects the interior of the cable, an initial image is transmitted to the processor 30, the processor sets the initial image as a comparison image, extracts characteristics and sets a deflection angle critical value, and when the deflection angle difference value between the subsequently detected image and the comparison image exceeds the deflection angle critical value, the processor 30 gives an alarm to remind a worker to adjust the cable in time.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 5, a torsion-preventing method for cable laying is applied, and the torsion-preventing device for cable laying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the anti-twisting device for cable laying is clamped above the cable to be laid;
s2: the switch on the processor is started, the detector head 10 emits X rays, the X rays are detected by the image detector 12 after penetrating the cable, and a state diagram of a metal wire core inside the cable is generated and transmitted to the processor 30;
S3: the processor 30 processes the image and sets a state diagram of the metal wire core which is just measured as an initial state diagram;
S4: extracting state diagram features and setting a deflection angle critical value;
S5: the cable is detected using the anti-twisting device for cabling every fixed time or distance and the generated state diagram is transmitted to the processor 30 for comparison with the initial state diagram.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the anti-twisting device for cable laying is erected on a cable to be laid, the position of the sliding block in the sliding groove is adjusted according to different cable laying conditions, so as to adapt to different laying environments.
Preferably, in the step S5, after the processor 30 compares the deflection angle between the image generated subsequently and the initial state diagram, if the difference between the two is greater than the critical value of the deflection angle, the degree of twisting of the cable exceeds the normal allowable range, and the processor 30 will issue an abnormal alert; otherwise, the cable laying is in a normal state.
Preferably, when the state diagram features are extracted in step S4, the gray scale of the image detected by the image detector 12 is different due to the different materials in the cable construction, the position, the outline and the angle of the main wire core in the cable are extracted, when the state comparison is performed, the wire core to be compared is determined by the position and the outline, and then the degree of distortion of the cable is determined by the comparison of the angles.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The anti-twisting method for the cable laying comprises the steps of applying an anti-twisting device for the cable laying, wherein the anti-twisting device for the cable laying comprises a detection head (10), a connecting rod (20) and a processor (30), one end of the connecting rod (20) is connected with the detection head (10), and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the processor (30); an X-ray tube (11) and an image detector (12) are arranged on the detector head (10), the X-ray tube (11) and the image detector (12) are oppositely arranged, the detector head (10) is movably connected with a connecting rod (20), and the connecting rod (20) is of a telescopic structure; the detector head (10) is of a C-shaped structure, one end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove I (13) towards the direction of the circle center, the X-ray tube (11) is clamped in the groove I (13), the other end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a groove II towards the direction of the circle center, and the image detector (12) is fixed in the groove II; the detector head (10) is also provided with a protection plate (14), the protection plate (14) is attached to the X-ray tube (11), a gap (15) is reserved on the protection plate (14), the gap (15) is opposite to the image detector (12), and X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube (11) are prevented from leaking outwards; the detecting head (10) is provided with a sliding groove (16), the sliding groove (16) is connected with a sliding block (17) in a sliding mode, and the sliding block (17) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (20); the connecting rod (20) is divided into a connecting rod I (21) and a connecting rod II (22), the connecting rod I (21) is fixed on a connecting block I (23), the connecting rod II (22) is fixed on a connecting block II (24), and the connecting block I (23) and the connecting block II (24) are rotationally connected through a connecting column (25); the processor (30) is clamped at the tail end of the connecting rod II (22), and the processor (30) is provided with a display screen and an adjusting button; the processor (30) is connected with the wireless Bluetooth module of the detection head (10), and the processor (30) is provided with a switch; characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
s1: the anti-twisting device for cable laying is clamped above the cable to be laid;
S2: starting a switch on the processor, emitting X-rays by the detection head (10), detecting the X-rays by the image detector (12) after penetrating the cable, generating a state diagram of a metal wire core inside the cable, and transmitting the state diagram to the processor (30);
s3: the processor (30) processes the image and sets a state diagram of the metal wire core which is just measured as an initial state diagram;
S4: extracting state diagram features and setting a deflection angle critical value;
s5: the cable is detected using the anti-twisting device for cabling every fixed time or distance and the generated state diagram is transmitted to a processor (30) for comparison with the initial state diagram.
2. The twisting prevention method for cable laying according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is to adjust the position of the sliding block in the sliding groove according to different cable laying conditions when the twisting prevention device for cable laying is erected on the cable to be laid, so as to adapt to different cable laying environments.
3. The twisting prevention method for cable laying according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, after the processor (30) compares the deflection angle of the image generated by the subsequent detection with the initial state diagram, if the difference between the two is greater than the critical value of the deflection angle, the degree of twisting of the cable exceeds the normal allowable range, and the processor (30) sends out an abnormal prompt; otherwise, the cable laying is in a normal state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311329286.3A CN117394213B (en) | 2023-10-13 | 2023-10-13 | Anti-twisting device and method for cable laying |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311329286.3A CN117394213B (en) | 2023-10-13 | 2023-10-13 | Anti-twisting device and method for cable laying |
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| CN117394213A CN117394213A (en) | 2024-01-12 |
| CN117394213B true CN117394213B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
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| CN202311329286.3A Active CN117394213B (en) | 2023-10-13 | 2023-10-13 | Anti-twisting device and method for cable laying |
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| CN210514124U (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-05-12 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Adjusting bracket and power cable terminal X-ray imaging detection equipment |
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| KR101958266B1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-03-14 | (주)지엠시스텍 | Inspection system of overhead power line and its inspection method |
| CN210155350U (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2020-03-17 | 重庆科创职业学院 | Electronic detection device for infrared life detection instrument |
| KR102327954B1 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-11-22 | 임경순 | Device for Preventing Torsion of Cable |
| CN217627345U (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-21 | 天勤科技有限公司 | Lifting mechanism for lifting upper and lower wires of live working robot of power transmission and distribution line |
| CN115085095B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-01-24 | 广东威恒输变电工程有限公司 | Intelligent adjusting system for cable feeding process |
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| CN210514124U (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-05-12 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Adjusting bracket and power cable terminal X-ray imaging detection equipment |
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