CN117388571A - Method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency, quantum sensor and current transformer - Google Patents
Method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency, quantum sensor and current transformer Download PDFInfo
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- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency, a quantum transformer and a current transformer, wherein in the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency, the primarily selected center frequency is used as a boundary, frequency-modulated data is divided into front and rear sections, a section where the resonance frequency is located is locked by searching a maximum value and a minimum value in each section, and in the section, positive and negative values adjacent to zero points are searched again, so that the frequency corresponding to the zero point located between the positive and negative values is determined as the resonance frequency. The method is simple and easy to implement, and compared with curve fitting in the prior art, the method has the advantages that required computing resources and running space are smaller, cost can be saved, and efficiency and accuracy are higher. The quantum sensor and the current transformer provided by the method for acquiring the microwave resonance can improve the efficiency and the accuracy of precise measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum sensing, in particular to a method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency and a current transformer.
Background
In the field of quantum sensing, the Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) technology based on diamond NV color center is widely used. The NV color center has a spin triplet system, m respectively s ＝0、m s ＝+1、m s The state of = -1, the ground state m when no external magnetic field is acting s The energy level of = ±1 is in degenerate state and is equal to m s Zero field splitting at d=2.87 GHz exists between the energy states =0. When the NV color center is irradiated by 532nm laser, the triplet state will transition from the ground state to the excited state and release when the triplet state returns to the ground stateFluorescence is generated. When a microwave field is applied, the NV color center absorbs microwave energy, so that more m s Transition to m=0 state s State = ±1, thereby causing a change in NV color center fluorescence signal intensity. Then, when fluorescence emitted from the NV color center by laser irradiation is detected, a microwave field of a certain frequency is applied to the NV color center, and the change of the intensity line of the fluorescence signal is monitored, which is the photodetection magnetic resonance (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance, ODMR). When a magnetic field is applied, the magnetic field mapped on the NV axis is enabled to be + -1 due to the Zeeman splitting>Degenerate, m s The energy level of = ±1 splits into m s = +1 and m s = -1. From m s ＝0→m s = -1 and m s ＝0→m s The resonance frequency at = +1 enables the magnitude of the magnetic field to be obtained. The method is applied to current detection, and the current to be detected is calculated by measuring the magnetic field generated by the current, so that the precise measurement development of the power industry is greatly promoted.
In the existing magnetic measurement based on quantum sensing, for example, ODMR (optical digital magnetic resonance) is adopted, and the phase error and noise reduction can be eliminated by inputting a signal to be measured and a reference signal of frequency modulation into a phase-locked amplifier, passing through a phase discriminator and a low-pass filter and then calculating the output signal. The noise reduction process of the lock-in amplifier is a demodulation process, and then the demodulated data is processed to obtain the microwave resonance frequency, so that the lock-in amplifier can be used for calculating a magnetic field or performing quantum state control research. In the prior art, the demodulated data is generally subjected to curve fitting through an upper computer to obtain a fitting curve when an external magnetic field is applied as shown in fig. 1, and then characteristic points are manually extracted from the fitted curve, so that the method has the defects that the upper computer is required to be equipped during fitting, the required computing resource is large, the cost is high, the operation is slow, the efficiency is low, the adopted fitting formula is required to determine fitting coefficients, the computation is complex, errors exist in coefficient determination, and the accuracy is low in a mode of manually determining frequency points after fitting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of reducing the calculation resources required when acquiring the microwave resonance frequency and improving the acquisition efficiency and accuracy.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, wherein, by placing diamond containing NV color center in an environment to be detected, and irradiating laser and radiation microwave to the diamond, detecting fluorescence generated by the diamond, and adjusting the position of the diamond, two peaks appear in the obtained ODMR, under the condition of keeping the diamond position unchanged, irradiating the microwave after frequency modulation to the diamond, scanning the microwave frequency, demodulating the detected fluorescence signal to obtain data to be processed, each data to be processed corresponding to the scanned microwave frequency, the method comprises:
s1, using data of a scanning frequency band as a unit, sorting the data in the current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequency, counting the proportion of positive values and negative values in the N data after sorting, if the proportion of positive values is larger, searching the sorted data from front to back, and when N1 data which are continuously positive values and change in monotone increasing mode is found, determining the N1 data as a front end point; if the proportion of the negative value is larger, searching the sorted data from front to back, and determining the N1 data as a front end point when N1 data which are continuously negative and change in a monotonically decreasing manner are searched; searching the sorted data from back to front, and when N2 data with opposite monotone with N1 data are searched, determining the N2 data as a back end point, and taking the frequency corresponding to the data positioned in the middle of the front end point and the back end point as a center frequency, wherein N is an integer which is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1/2 of all positive values or negative values in the current unit, and N1 and N2 are integers which are more than 0 and less than 1/4 of all positive values or negative values in the current unit;
s2, dividing the current unit into a front side and a rear side by taking data corresponding to the current center frequency as a boundary, searching the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side and the rear side respectively, searching two adjacent data with positive values and negative values in a section between the maximum value and the minimum value in each side, determining the microwave frequency corresponding to the data which is equal to zero and is positioned between the two data according to the two data, and taking the microwave frequency as the microwave resonance frequency of the current unit.
In step S2, a straight line is fitted between the positive and negative data and the corresponding microwave frequencies in the coordinate system, and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the data equal to zero are obtained from the fitted straight line.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s3, judging whether a unit which does not determine the microwave resonance frequency exists, if so, executing the step S4, and if not, ending the operation.
S4, taking the intermediate value of the two microwave resonance frequencies of the current unit as the current center frequency, taking the data of the next scanning frequency band as the current unit, and repeating the operation of the step S2 after sequencing the data of the newly determined current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequencies.
The invention also provides a magnetic field detection method based on the light detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining data to be processed: in a magnetic field to be detected, after laser is irradiated to a diamond NV color center and microwave is irradiated, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the position of the diamond is adjusted to enable two peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, the diamond is irradiated with the microwave subjected to frequency modulation under the condition that the position of the diamond is kept unchanged, the microwave frequency is scanned, a fluorescence detection signal is obtained, and the signal is demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
obtaining microwave resonance frequency;
magnetic field acquisition: acquiring a magnetic field value to be detected corresponding to each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency;
the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency according to any one of the preceding claims is used for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed.
The invention also provides a temperature detection method based on the light detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining data to be processed: in a temperature field to be measured, after laser light and radiation microwaves are irradiated to diamond NV color centers, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the positions of the diamond are adjusted to enable two wave peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, microwaves subjected to frequency modulation are irradiated to the diamond under the condition that the positions of the diamond are unchanged, the microwave frequencies are scanned, fluorescence detection signals are obtained, and the signals are demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
obtaining microwave resonance frequency;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring the temperature of each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency;
the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency according to any one of the preceding claims is used for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed.
The invention also provides a quantum sensor based on the photo-detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which is characterized by comprising the following components: diamond containing NV color center, laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit, microwave generation and frequency modulation unit, demodulation unit, and data processing unit;
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit is used for irradiating laser to the diamond;
the microwave generating and frequency modulation unit is used for generating microwaves, modulating the frequencies of the microwaves according to frequency modulation parameters, and radiating the modulated microwaves to the diamond;
the diamond generates fluorescence under the combined action of laser and modulated microwave, or the diamond generates fluorescence under the combined action of laser, modulated microwave and the magnetic field, and the generated fluorescence is excited by the laser and detected by the fluorescence detection unit;
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit also sends the detected fluorescence signal to the demodulation unit, the demodulation unit demodulates the fluorescence signal according to the fluorescence signal and the frequency modulation parameter, and then sends the demodulated fluorescence signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is configured to process the demodulated fluorescence signal by adopting the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency according to any one of the above methods.
Further, the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit comprises a laser source, a bicolor plate, a filter plate and a photoelectric detector, wherein laser emitted by the laser source irradiates the diamond after being reflected by the bicolor plate, and fluorescence generated by the diamond is filtered by the filter plate after being transmitted by the bicolor plate and then received by the photoelectric detector.
Further, the microwave generating and frequency modulation unit comprises a microwave source, a microwave amplifier, a microwave circulator and a microwave antenna, wherein the microwave source is used for generating microwaves, frequency modulation is carried out on the microwaves according to frequency modulation parameters, the frequency-modulated microwaves are output, the frequency-modulated microwaves are transmitted to the microwave antenna through the microwave amplifier and the microwave circulator, and then the microwaves are radiated to the diamond through the microwave antenna.
The invention also provides a current transformer based on the photo-detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which comprises the following components: a quantum sensor according to any preceding claim, wherein diamond is located in a magnetic field generated by a current carrying conductor.
Further, a plurality of diamonds are provided, aligned in the outer circumferential direction of the current carrying conductor.
As described above, the method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency and the current transformer based on the frequency modulation technique of the present invention have the following advantages
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the invention divides the frequency-modulated data into front and rear sections by taking the preliminarily selected center frequency as a boundary, locks the section where the resonance frequency is located by searching the maximum value and the minimum value in each section according to the characteristics of the data corresponding to the resonance frequency, and searches the positive and negative values adjacent to the zero point in the section, thereby determining the frequency corresponding to the zero point between the two positive and negative values as the resonance frequency. The method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency is simple and feasible, can be realized only by a lower computer, has smaller required calculation resources and operation space compared with curve fitting in the prior art, can save cost, and can improve the efficiency and accuracy of determining the resonance frequency value by adopting a mode of gradually narrowing a search interval;
2. the method for acquiring the microwave resonance is applied to the quantum sensor and the current transformer, and can remarkably improve the precision measurement efficiency and accuracy of the quantum sensor and the current transformer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art curve fitting of demodulated data detected in an externally applied magnetic field;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency based on the technology of photo-detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a prior art curve fitting of demodulated data detected in an environment without an externally applied magnetic field;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a quantum sensor structure based on a photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a current transformer based on a photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a diamond and shield and a housing of a current transformer according to an embodiment of the invention;
description of element numbers: 1-diamond; 2-a laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit; 21-a laser source; 22-bicolor tablets; 23-a filter; 24-a photodetector; 25-a laser beam splitter; 3-a microwave generating and frequency modulating unit; 31-a microwave source; 32-a microwave amplifier; 33-a microwave circulator; 34-a microwave antenna; 4-a demodulation unit; 5-a data processing unit; 6-a current carrying conductor; 7, a shielding cover; 8-a shell.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the illustrations, not according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for acquiring microwave resonance frequency based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, wherein, by placing diamond containing NV color center in an environment to be detected, irradiating laser and radiating microwave to the diamond, detecting fluorescence generated by the diamond, and adjusting the position of the diamond, two peaks appear in the obtained ODMR, under the condition of keeping the position of the diamond unchanged, radiating the microwave generated by the diamond, detecting the fluorescence generated by the diamond, scanning the microwave frequency, demodulating the detected data to obtain data to be processed, each data to be processed corresponds to the scanned microwave frequency, the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a center frequency, including:
step S11, using data of a scanning frequency band as a unit, and sequencing the data in the current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequencies;
step S12, counting the proportion of positive values and negative values in the N first data after sequencing, searching the data after sequencing from front to back if the proportion of positive values is larger, and determining the N1 data as a front endpoint when N1 data which are continuously positive values and change in monotonic increasing mode are searched; if the proportion of the negative values is larger, searching the sorted data from front to back, and determining the N1 data as a front end point when N1 data which are continuously negative values and change in a monotonically decreasing mode are searched.
Step S13, searching the sorted data from back to front, and when N2 data which are different in number and opposite in monotonicity with N1 data are found, determining the N2 data as a back end point, and taking the frequency corresponding to the data positioned in the middle of the front end point and the back end point as a center frequency, wherein N is a 1/2 integer which is more than 0 and less than or equal to all positive values or negative values in a current unit, and N1 and N2 are integers which are more than 0 and less than 1/4 of all positive values or negative values in the current unit;
because the data to be processed is pure data, the data to be processed is shown by fitting data as shown in fig. 1, the first N data are all negative values, the data are searched from left to right, and when N1 continuous negative values and monotonically decreasing values are searched, the N1 negative values are determined as a front end point; and searching from right to left, and determining the N2 positive value as a rear end point when N2 continuous positive values and monotonically increasing are found. Because of the different phases of the set modulation frequencies, a fitting curve symmetrical to the fitting curve shown in fig. 1 along the transverse coordinate axis may also appear, at this time, the first N data are all positive values, search from left to right, and when N1 continuous positive values and monotonically increasing are found, the nth 1 positive value is determined as the front endpoint; and searching from right to left, and determining the N2 negative value as a rear end point when N2 continuous negative values and monotonically decreasing values are found. Step S12 is to determine the change rule of the data to be processed.
Preferably, N1, N2 are each integers greater than 0 and less than 10; preferably, n1=n2.
S2, dividing the current unit into a front side and a rear side by taking data corresponding to the current center frequency as a boundary, searching the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side and the rear side respectively, searching two adjacent data with positive values and negative values in a section between the maximum value and the minimum value in each side, determining the microwave frequency corresponding to the data which is equal to zero and is positioned between the two data according to the two data, and taking the microwave frequency as the microwave resonance frequency of the current unit.
In step S2, straight line fitting is carried out on the positive data and the negative data and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the positive data and the negative data in a coordinate system, and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the data which are equal to zero are obtained through the fitted straight line. The microwave resonance frequencies f-, f + corresponding to zero on the ordinate as shown in figure 1 can be obtained. The straight line fitting in the step is only the fitting between two sets of coordinates, can be directly calculated through the straight line relation between the two sets of coordinates, is not needed to be realized through complicated means such as Gaussian fitting, and can obtain higher accuracy when data acquisition is intensive, and two positive and negative values are more approximate to zero values.
The method for verifying the microwave resonance frequency obtained in the step S2 comprises the following steps:
1. radiating microwaves to the diamond by adopting the acquired resonant frequency, acquiring demodulation data, and judging whether the demodulation data are zero, wherein if the demodulation data are zero, the demodulation data are correct;
2. calculating a magnetic field by measuring a known magnetic field and comparing the magnetic field with a known value to judge whether the magnetic field is correct or not by the acquired resonant frequency;
experiments prove that compared with the resonance frequency obtained by Gaussian fitting, the microwave resonance frequency obtained by the steps is high in accuracy, because errors exist in the determination of Gaussian fitting coefficients, and the frequency points are determined manually, so that the accuracy is reduced.
The determination process of the resonance frequency of the invention gradually reduces the determination interval according to the trend rule of the data, and finally locks, so that the acquisition of the resonance frequency can be better realized for the demodulation curve meeting the trend rule.
Further, in step S2, the method for searching the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side and the rear side is as follows:
step S21, if the proportion of positive values in the first n data is larger in step S1, searching forward from the data corresponding to the central frequency, and when M1 data which are continuously negative and monotonically decreasing is searched, determining the M1 data as a front side endpoint, and searching forward from the front side endpoint for the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side; if the proportion of negative values in the first n data is larger in step S1, searching forward from the data corresponding to the center frequency, and when M1 data which are continuously positive values and monotonically increasing are searched, determining the M1 data as a front side endpoint, and searching forward from the front side endpoint for the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side;
and S22, searching backwards from the data corresponding to the center frequency, and determining the M2 data as a rear side endpoint when M2 data which are continuously opposite to the M1 data in monotone are searched, and searching backwards from the rear side endpoint for the maximum value and the minimum value in the rear side.
This makes it possible to further narrow the interval for specifying the maximum value and the minimum value, and is suitable for a case where the data amount is relatively large. Wherein M1 and M2 are integers greater than 0 and less than 1/20 of all positive or negative values in the current cell.
Preferably m1=m2.
FIG. 3 shows a graph fitted by demodulation data without an applied magnetic field, and the microwave resonance frequencies f-and f+ shown in FIG. 3 can be determined according to the above method, and the dual state m is due to stress in the diamond s The = ±1 is split, and the dual state m is in the environment without external magnetic field due to the action of geomagnetic field s Splitting also occurs in = ±1. The externally applied magnetic field refers to a magnetic field in an environment except for a geomagnetic field.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, to meet the requirements of a plurality of scan frequency bands, the method further includes the following steps:
s3, judging whether a unit which does not determine the microwave resonance frequency exists, if so, executing the step S4, and if not, ending the operation.
S4, taking the intermediate value of the two microwave resonance frequencies of the current unit as the current center frequency, taking the data of the next scanning frequency band as the current unit, and repeating the operation of the step S2 after sequencing the data of the newly determined current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequencies. The embodiment can continuously realize the determination of the microwave resonance frequency of the data of a plurality of scanning frequency bands, on one hand, for repeating scanning for a plurality of times, such as scanning 100 times, 100 units are available, and the center frequency determined by the last unit can be used for the next unit; on the other hand, when measuring a changing magnetic field, since points where two resonance frequencies are located in the demodulation curve as shown in fig. 1 are shifted in opposite directions when the magnetic field strength is changed, the center frequency remains unchanged, so that the center frequency determined by the previous cell can be used for the next cell; thereby enabling an improvement in efficiency.
Example III
The application also provides a magnetic field detection method based on the light detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which comprises the following steps:
a step of obtaining data to be processed: in a magnetic field to be detected, after laser is irradiated to a diamond NV color center and microwave is irradiated, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the position of the diamond is adjusted to enable two peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, the diamond is irradiated with the microwave subjected to frequency modulation under the condition that the position of the diamond is kept unchanged, the microwave frequency is scanned, a fluorescence detection signal is obtained, and the signal is demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
a microwave resonance frequency acquisition step: the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency based on the optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology is adopted to acquire the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed;
a magnetic field acquisition step: and acquiring a magnetic field value of each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency.
The specific acquisition mode is as follows: firstly, calculating a magnetic field component of a magnetic field to be measured in each NV axis by using a formula delta f=2gamma B, wherein delta f is a difference value of two microwave resonance frequencies, gamma is a gyromagnetic ratio of the NV color center, B is a magnetic field value, and the magnetic field value is a magnetic field value in the NV axis; and then acquiring a magnetic field of the environment to be detected according to the projection relation between the NV axial direction and the space coordinate.
Wherein, crystal directions [010], [100], [001] in the selectable diamond are XYZ axes of a space rectangular coordinate system, and unit vectors in four NV axes are expressed as follows:
if it isFor the magnetic field vector to be measured, ">And->The components of the magnetic field vector to be measured in the directions of four NV axes are respectively as follows:
the magnetic field vector to be measured can be calculated from the relation between the component of the magnetic field to be measured in the NV axis direction and the magnetic field to be measured.
As shown in fig. 1, when the magnetic field direction is parallel to the [100] crystal direction of diamond, the obtained fitting curve of the demodulated fluorescence signal, which corresponds to the ODMR spectrum of two peaks, is substituted into the above formula to obtain the current magnetic field value by the method of the present application when the microwave frequency f-, f+ is obtained when the fluorescence is zero as shown by the ordinate shown in fig. 1. Since the four pairs of resonance frequencies coincide, the four pairs of resonance frequencies are identical. When the changing magnetic field is detected, the magnetic field value in each scanning frequency band can be obtained by continuously scanning the microwave frequency band for multiple times.
Example IV
The application also provides a temperature detection method based on the photo-detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which comprises the following steps:
a step of obtaining data to be processed: in a temperature field to be measured, after laser light and radiation microwaves are irradiated to diamond NV color centers, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the positions of the diamond are adjusted to enable two wave peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, microwaves subjected to frequency modulation are irradiated to the diamond under the condition that the positions of the diamond are unchanged, the microwave frequencies are scanned, fluorescence detection signals are obtained, and the signals are demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
a microwave resonance frequency acquisition step: the method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency based on the optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology is adopted to acquire the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed;
a temperature acquisition step: and acquiring the temperature of each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency. The corresponding calculation formula of the microwave resonance frequency and the temperature change is as follows: Δt=Δf/(-74 MHz/k), where Δt=t-T 0 ，Δf＝f-f 0 ,T 0 、f 0 All are temperatures at room temperature and resonance frequencies.
For temperature measurement, the temperature value can be calculated by the formula only by acquiring the deviation of the microwave resonance frequency in the environment with a magnetic field or in the environment without the magnetic field.
Example five
As shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a quantum sensor based on a photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technique, including: diamond 1 containing NV color center, laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2, microwave generation and frequency modulation unit 3, demodulation unit 4, and data processing unit 5;
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2 is used for irradiating laser to the diamond 1; the microwave generating and frequency modulation unit 3 is used for generating microwaves, modulating the frequencies of the microwaves according to frequency modulation parameters, and radiating the modulated microwaves to the diamond 1;
in the environment without magnetic field, the diamond 1 generates fluorescence under the combined action of laser and modulated microwave, in the environment with magnetic field, the diamond 1 generates fluorescence under the combined action of laser, modulated microwave and the magnetic field, and the generated fluorescence is excited by the laser and detected by the fluorescence detecting unit 2;
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2 also sends the detected fluorescence signal to the demodulation unit 4, the demodulation unit 4 demodulates the fluorescence signal according to the fluorescence signal and the frequency modulation parameter, and then sends the demodulated fluorescence signal to the data processing unit 5 for processing to obtain the microwave resonance frequency.
Wherein the data processing unit 5 is configured to process the fluorescence signal to acquire the microwave resonance frequency using the microwave resonance frequency acquisition method as in the previous embodiment one or embodiment two.
The laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2 comprises a laser source 21, a bicolor plate 22, a filter 23 and a photoelectric detector 24, wherein laser emitted by the laser source 21 is reflected by the bicolor plate 22 and irradiates the diamond 1, and fluorescence generated by the diamond 1 is transmitted by the bicolor plate 22, filtered by the filter 23 and then received by the photoelectric detector 24.
The microwave generating and frequency modulating unit 3 comprises a microwave source 31, a microwave amplifier 32, a microwave circulator 33 and a microwave antenna 34.
The demodulation unit 4 is a phase-locked amplifier, after the microwave frequency modulation, the detected fluorescent signal has the same frequency modulation characteristic, after entering the phase-locked amplifier, the frequency of the reference signal is the modulated frequency, and the noise reduction can be realized by mixing the fluorescent signal with the reference signal, namely multiplying operation, and after low-pass filtering, the direct current signal which is in direct proportion to the original signal strength is finally output.
In order to remove the error caused by the phase between the signal under test and the reference signal, the two-phase demodulation is also performed in the lock-in amplifier, assuming that the signal under test x (t) is expressed as x (t) =asin (ωt+Φ) 1 ) Reference signal r cos (t) is expressed asReference signal r nn (t) is expressed as->When the signal x (t) to be measured and the reference signal r cos (t) after entering the phase detector and the low-pass filter, the output signal +.>Is thatSignal under test x (t)) and reference signal r sin (t)) after entering the phase detector and the low-pass filter, the output signal +.>Is-> And->) And through square sum operation, errors caused by phases between the signal to be detected and the reference signal can be removed. Thus, the lock-in amplifier outputs signal A 0 Is->
The demodulation unit 4 may be connected to a microwave source 31 for transmitting frequency modulation parameters between the two; the demodulation unit 4 can send the frequency modulation parameter to the microwave source 31, the microwave source 31 carries out frequency modulation according to the frequency modulation parameter, and the demodulation unit 4 takes the frequency modulation parameter as a demodulation reference signal; or the frequency modulation parameter is input into the microwave source 31 in a manual mode or input by a modulation signal generator, the microwave source carries out frequency modulation according to the frequency modulation parameter, and the frequency modulation parameter is sent to the lock-in amplifier after frequency modulation to be used as a demodulation reference signal.
The frequency-modulated microwaves are amplified by the microwave amplifier 32, then transmitted to the microwave antenna 34 by the microwave circulator 33, and radiated to the diamond 1 by the microwave antenna 34. As shown in fig. 4, the microwave antenna 34 is close to the diamond 1, and a spiral antenna is selected, and the spiral antenna is sleeved on the outer side of the diamond 1, so as to radiate the frequency modulated microwaves to the diamond 1.
The photodetector 24 is connected to the demodulation unit 4, and transmits the detected fluorescence signal to the demodulation unit 4, and after the demodulation unit 4 demodulates the fluorescence signal, the demodulated fluorescence signal is transmitted to the data processing unit 5, and the microwave resonance frequency is acquired.
Example six
As shown in fig. 5, the present application further provides a current transformer based on the photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, which includes the quantum sensor based on the photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology according to the fifth embodiment, and the diamond 1 is located in a magnetic field generated by a current carrying conductor 6. Current is applied to the current carrying conductor 6 to generate a magnetic field, the diamond 1 being located on one side of the current carrying conductor 6.
Preferably, the number of diamonds 1 is plural, arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the current carrying conductor 6, four diamonds are exemplarily shown in fig. 5, each diamond 1 is connected to one end of one optical fiber, the other end of the optical fiber faces the bicolor plate 22 by the optical fiber connector, and the laser light emitted from the laser light source 21 is reflected by the bicolor plate 22, enters the optical fiber by the optical fiber connector and is transmitted to the diamond 1 connected thereto.
When a plurality of diamonds 1 are arranged, an independent laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2 and a microwave generation and frequency modulation unit 3 can be configured for each diamond 1; as shown in fig. 5, in the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit 2, a bicolor plate 22, a filter 23, and a photodetector 24 are provided for each diamond, and a plurality of laser beam splitters 25 are added to split the laser beam, so as to reduce the usage amount of the laser 21.
The data processing unit 5 calculates the current according to the biot-savart formula after calculating the magnetic field to be measured by the method of the first or second embodiment. For a plurality of diamonds, the magnetic field values measured at the plurality of diamonds can be calculated first, the plurality of magnetic fields are averaged, and then the current is calculated based on the average value.
As shown in fig. 6, a shielding cover 7 is arranged on the periphery of the diamond 1, and through holes are formed on two end surfaces of the shielding cover to shield the influence of an external magnetic field on a magnetic field to be measured. The shell 8 is arranged, through holes communicated with the shielding cover are formed in two end faces, the diamond and the shielding cover are placed in the shell 8, and the current-carrying conductor 6 is placed at the through holes extending along the axial direction of the shell.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The method for acquiring the microwave resonance frequency based on the photo-detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology comprises the steps of placing diamond containing NV color center in an environment to be detected, irradiating laser and radiating microwaves to the diamond, detecting fluorescence generated by the diamond, adjusting the position of the diamond to enable two peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, radiating the microwaves subjected to frequency modulation to the diamond under the condition that the position of the diamond is unchanged, scanning the microwave frequency, detecting the fluorescence generated by the diamond, demodulating the detected fluorescence signals to obtain data to be processed, and enabling each data to be processed to correspond to the scanned microwave frequency, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, using data of a scanning frequency band as a unit, sorting the data in the current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequency, counting the proportion of positive values and negative values in the N data after sorting, if the proportion of positive values is larger, searching the sorted data from front to back, and when N1 data which are continuously positive values and change in monotone increasing mode is found, determining the N1 data as a front end point; if the proportion of the negative value is larger, searching the sorted data from front to back, and determining the N1 data as a front end point when N1 data which are continuously negative and change in a monotonically decreasing manner are searched; searching the sorted data from back to front, and when N2 data with opposite monotone with N1 data are searched, determining the N2 data as a back end point, and taking the frequency corresponding to the data positioned in the middle of the front end point and the back end point as a center frequency, wherein N is an integer which is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1/2 of all positive values or negative values in the current unit, and N1 and N2 are integers which are more than 0 and less than 1/4 of all positive values or negative values in the current unit;
s2, dividing the current unit into a front side and a rear side by taking data corresponding to the current center frequency as a boundary, searching the maximum value and the minimum value in the front side and the rear side respectively, searching two adjacent data with positive values and negative values in a section between the maximum value and the minimum value in each side, determining the microwave frequency corresponding to the data which is equal to zero and is positioned between the two data according to the two data, and taking the microwave frequency as the microwave resonance frequency of the current unit.
2. The method for acquiring a microwave resonance frequency according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, straight line fitting is performed on the positive value data and the negative value data and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the positive value data and the negative value data in the coordinate system, and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the data equal to zero are obtained from the fitted straight line.
3. The method for acquiring a microwave resonance frequency according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps:
s3, judging whether a unit which does not determine the microwave resonance frequency exists, if so, executing the step S4, and if not, ending the operation;
s4, taking the intermediate value of the two microwave resonance frequencies of the current unit as the current center frequency, taking the data of the next scanning frequency band as the current unit, and repeating the operation of the step S2 after sequencing the data of the newly determined current unit according to the sequence of the corresponding microwave frequencies.
4. A magnetic field detection method based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology comprises the following steps:
obtaining data to be processed: in a magnetic field to be detected, after laser is irradiated to a diamond NV color center and microwave is irradiated, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the position of the diamond is adjusted to enable two peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, the diamond is irradiated with the microwave subjected to frequency modulation under the condition that the position of the diamond is kept unchanged, the microwave frequency is scanned, a fluorescence detection signal is obtained, and the signal is demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
obtaining microwave resonance frequency;
magnetic field acquisition: acquiring a magnetic field value to be detected corresponding to each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency;
a method for acquiring a microwave resonance frequency according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed is acquired.
5. A temperature detection method based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology comprises the following steps:
obtaining data to be processed: in a temperature field to be measured, after laser light and radiation microwaves are irradiated to diamond NV color centers, fluorescence generated by the diamond is detected, the positions of the diamond are adjusted to enable two wave peaks to appear in the obtained ODMR, microwaves subjected to frequency modulation are irradiated to the diamond under the condition that the positions of the diamond are unchanged, the microwave frequencies are scanned, fluorescence detection signals are obtained, and the signals are demodulated to obtain data to be processed;
obtaining microwave resonance frequency;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring the temperature of each scanning frequency band according to the acquired microwave resonance frequency;
a method for acquiring a microwave resonance frequency according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the microwave resonance frequency of the data to be processed is acquired.
6. A quantum sensor based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, comprising: the device comprises a diamond (1) containing an NV color center, a laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit (2), a microwave generation and frequency modulation unit (3), a demodulation unit (4) and a data processing unit (5);
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit (2) is used for irradiating laser to the diamond (1);
the microwave generating and frequency modulation unit (3) is used for generating microwaves, modulating the frequencies of the microwaves according to frequency modulation parameters, and radiating the modulated microwaves to the diamond (1);
the diamond (1) generates fluorescence under the combined action of laser and modulated microwave, or the diamond (1) generates fluorescence under the combined action of the laser, modulated microwave and a magnetic field, and the generated fluorescence is excited by the laser and detected by the fluorescence detection unit (2);
the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit (2) further sends the detected fluorescence signal to the demodulation unit (4), the demodulation unit (4) demodulates the fluorescence signal according to the fluorescence signal and the frequency modulation parameter, and then sends the demodulated fluorescence signal to the data processing unit (5), and the data processing unit (5) is configured to process the demodulated fluorescence signal to obtain the microwave resonance frequency by adopting the method for obtaining the microwave resonance frequency according to any one of claims 1-3.
7. The quantum sensor based on the photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technique according to claim 6, wherein: the laser excitation and fluorescence detection unit (2) comprises a laser source (21), a bicolor sheet (22), a filter (23) and a photoelectric detector (24), wherein laser emitted by the laser source (21) is reflected by the bicolor sheet (22) and irradiates on the diamond (1), and fluorescence generated by the diamond (1) is transmitted by the bicolor sheet (22) and filtered by the filter (23) and then received by the photoelectric detector (24).
8. The quantum sensor based on the photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technique according to claim 6, wherein: the microwave generating and frequency modulation unit (3) comprises a microwave source (31), a microwave amplifier (32), a microwave circulator (33) and a microwave antenna (34), wherein the microwave source (31) is used for generating microwaves, outputting the microwaves after frequency modulation according to frequency modulation parameters, transmitting the microwaves after frequency modulation to the microwave antenna (34) through the microwave amplifier (32) and the microwave circulator (33), and radiating the microwaves to the diamond (1) through the microwave antenna (34).
9. A current transformer based on optical detection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology, comprising: a quantum sensor based on photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology according to any one of claims 6-8, the diamond (1) being located in a magnetic field generated by a current carrying conductor (6).
10. The current transformer based on the photodetection magnetic resonance and frequency modulation technology according to claim 9, wherein: the number of diamonds (1) is plural and arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the current carrying conductor (6).
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| CN117705932A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 | Quantum nondestructive sensor and rail surface defect detector |
| CN117849166A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 | Nondestructive detector and track defect detection device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117705932A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 | Quantum nondestructive sensor and rail surface defect detector |
| CN117705932B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-04-23 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 | Quantum nondestructive sensor and rail surface defect detector |
| CN117849166A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 | Nondestructive detector and track defect detection device |
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