CN117386715B - Rotation-limited ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system - Google Patents

Rotation-limited ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117386715B
CN117386715B CN202311381714.7A CN202311381714A CN117386715B CN 117386715 B CN117386715 B CN 117386715B CN 202311381714 A CN202311381714 A CN 202311381714A CN 117386715 B CN117386715 B CN 117386715B
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China
Prior art keywords
value
ball head
ball
hall sensor
head body
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CN202311381714.7A
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CN117386715A (en
Inventor
朱惠全
陈龙
沈仙强
周金利
戴海标
徐逸民
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SOMIC AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS CO Ltd
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SOMIC AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS CO Ltd
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Priority to CN202311381714.7A priority Critical patent/CN117386715B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0604—Construction of the male part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/18—Steering knuckles; King pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/20—Links, e.g. track rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0647—Special features relating to adjustment for wear or play; Wear indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0695—Mounting of ball-joints, e.g. fixing them to a connecting rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball joint with rotation limitation and a real-time service life evaluation system, which belong to the technical field of automobile parts, wherein the ball joint with rotation limitation comprises a ball seat and a ball body, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball seat, the ball seat can accommodate the ball body and enable the ball body to swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of the ball as the center, the ball seat is connected with a connecting rod, the ball body is connected with a connecting column, a strip-shaped boss is arranged on the outer wall of the ball body at the opposite position of the connecting column, a limiting block is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, the limiting block is provided with a groove structure, the groove can accommodate the boss, and the width of the groove is larger than the width of the boss and smaller than the length of the boss.

Description

Rotation-limited ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts, in particular to a ball joint capable of being applied to rotation limitation of automobiles such as new energy and a real-time service life evaluation system.
Background
Metal fatigue refers to a phenomenon in which a metal material is broken under the action of alternating stress. After a period of time, the mechanical part forms micro cracks in the local high stress area under the action of alternating pressure, and the micro cracks gradually expand to fracture. Fatigue damage has the characteristics of temporal burst, locality in position, sensitivity to environment and defects and the like, so the fatigue damage is not easy to be found in time and is easy to cause accidents. Stress amplitude, average stress magnitude, and cycle number are three major factors affecting metal fatigue.
The addition of various vitamins to metal materials is an effective way to strengthen the fatigue resistance of metals. For example, rare earth elements of parts per million or parts per thousand are added to steel and nonferrous metals, so that the fatigue resistance of the metals can be greatly improved, and the service life can be prolonged. With the development of scientific technology, new technology of metal immunotherapy is developed, and the fatigue strength of metal is enhanced by a method introduced in advance so as to resist fatigue damage. In addition, weak links on the metal component should be reduced as much as possible, and the surface finish can be increased by using a plurality of auxiliary processes so as to avoid corrosion. Vibration-proof measures are taken for the mechanical equipment generating vibration to reduce the possibility of metal fatigue. The detection of the internal structure of the metal is also advantageous for preventing metal fatigue when necessary.
Many moving parts such as ball joints or connecting rods in a vehicle chassis structure play roles in connection, bearing, control and the like, and actions such as stretching, swinging or rotation can occur in the running process of the vehicle, and due to the difference and complexity of the running environment and the running road conditions of the vehicle, unpredictable pits or slopes are encountered in different use environments such as the temperature is as low as-40 ℃, or the vehicle runs at high speed, or the vehicle runs at the limit of non-paved road (off-road) for a long time, or the vehicle is applied to the running vehicle (such as a taxi) for a long time, and after certain accumulation for a long time, the ball joints or the connecting rods in the vehicle chassis structure are extremely easy to generate phenomena such as cracks, metal fatigue and even fracture, so that the running safety is seriously influenced.
Even if the ball head or the connecting rod is subjected to high-order modern treatment, the manufacturer cannot completely limit the use environment and the use mode of the vehicle by the user, so that the risk is high, and when the vehicle has similar faults, a plurality of users are easily identified as the quality problem of the vehicle.
At present, new energy automobiles are increasingly popularized, the quantity of the new energy automobiles exported to foreign countries is greatly increased, compared with the traditional automobiles, the new energy automobiles are large in self weight, rapid in acceleration, complex in structure and high in integration, ball joints or connecting rods in the chassis structure of the new energy automobiles are larger in bearing force than the traditional automobiles, and impact force during use is stronger, so that the new energy automobiles have an extremely important effect on real-time evaluation of service life, the service condition or service life condition of current components can be judged through the service life evaluation system, and prompt of maintenance or replacement in advance is realized under the support of locomotive systems, so that the running safety of the whole automobile is ensured;
The value of the ball or the connecting rod is not particularly high, but the damage of the ball or the connecting rod can lead to the vehicle to be out of control and possibly generate serious injury, so that the ball or the connecting rod has positive significance in maintenance or replacement before the service life is predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ball joint with rotation limitation and a real-time service life evaluation system, which can improve the working stability by limiting the continuous rotation of the ball joint movement and evaluate the service life of the ball joint by a movement recording mode.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a ball joint of rotation restriction, includes bulb seat and bulb body, the inside cavity that is equipped with of bulb seat, its holding bulb body to make the bulb body carry out multi-angle swing or rotate as the center with its centre of sphere, the bulb seat is connected with the connecting rod, is connected with the spliced pole on the bulb body, be equipped with rectangular form boss on the outer wall of bulb body in the department that the spliced pole is relative, the stopper has been arranged to the bottom of cavity, the stopper has groove structure, the recess can the holding boss, the width of recess is greater than the width of boss, and is less than the length of boss.
Further, the ball head body is embedded with a permanent magnet, at least two Hall sensors are arranged on the ball head seat, one Hall sensor is arranged at a position corresponding to the straight line of the permanent magnet, and the other one or more Hall sensors are arranged outside the first Hall sensor.
Further, the permanent magnet is arranged at the center of the boss, the outer end of the permanent magnet is flush with the outer surface of the ball head body or the boss, or the outer end of the permanent magnet is close to but not exceeding the outer surface of the ball head body or the boss, two Hall sensors are arranged, one Hall sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the straight line of the permanent magnet, and the second Hall sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the maximum angle of the rotation of the ball head and is close to one side of the connecting rod.
Further, the outer wall of the boss is of an arc structure, and the center of the arc is coincident with the center of the ball head body.
Further, the front end and the rear end of the boss are arc-shaped transition structures.
Furthermore, a wear-resistant material is arranged between the ball head seat and the ball head body, the wear-resistant material is POM (polyoxymethylene resin) material, and the limiting block is demagnetized alloy steel material and is subjected to nitriding surface treatment.
A rotation-limited real-time assessment system for the useful life of a ball joint, comprising:
The acquisition module is used for arranging the ball joint at a position where the ball joint is located on the chassis of the vehicle, and acquiring signal data through all Hall sensors, wherein the signal data comprises real-time angle values corresponding to the permanent magnets at the ball seat;
the processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
and the accumulation module is used for receiving the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight.
Further, the accumulation module increases the weight of the ambient temperature when the accumulated usage value is obtained.
Further, when the processing module and the accumulating module obtain the accumulated usage value, the processing module processes the sequence by taking the ambient temperature T as a first judging factor, the motion frequency value H as a second judging factor, the angle variation value V as a third judging factor and the variation acceleration value A as a fourth judging factor.
Further, during processing operation, the processing module determines the magnetic change condition of the current permanent magnet according to the real-time angle value, and corrects and acquires the angle change value, the change acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the current ball head body to the ball head seat according to the numerical value after the magnetic change.
Adopt this scheme, compare prior art, have following benefit:
According to the ball joint with rotation limitation, through the structural arrangement of the limiting block and the boss, the ball joint body can deflect at multiple angles in the ball seat, and the boss can rotate in the limiting block groove, but the ball joint body can not rotate in the ball seat for a complete circle, so that the structure can prevent the ball joint body from continuously rotating due to inertia in the use process;
Because the ball joint used in the steering rod assembly of vehicles such as motor vehicles does not have the function of swing limit, in use, the inertia rod rotates back and forth along the rod body of the rod, so that the safety of the ball pin of the ball joint is influenced, and the comfort performance of the vehicle is influenced;
The ball pin is completely fixed in the axial direction, so that the ball joint only rotates and cannot swing, and the control performance of the vehicle is affected; therefore, the resonance phenomenon caused by the pull rod can be reduced, and the phenomena of loosening, spaciousness and the like of related parts such as bolts and nuts and the like caused by continuous rotation can be prevented after the pull rod is used for a long time, so that the stability and the safety of the use can be improved;
according to the ball joint with rotation limitation, the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are arranged in the ball joint, firstly, the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are of micro structures, so that the original structure and the use function of the ball joint are not influenced, meanwhile, rotation angle data are acquired between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor through induction of a magnetic field, a mechanical connection structure is not arranged, and the original structure and the use function of the ball joint are not influenced;
As a preferable scheme of the scheme, two Hall sensors are arranged on the ball seat, wherein the first Hall sensor is arranged at the center position, the second Hall sensor is arranged at the rotating angle, and the accuracy of the real-time angle value and the measurement accuracy can be greatly improved through the two Hall sensors with the angle offset; meanwhile, two Hall sensors are adopted to be used for checking each other, for example, after the permanent magnet is used for a certain time, the magnetism is lowered to a certain extent, and the initial values of the two Hall sensors are compared, so that the accurate real-time angle value can be obtained after the permanent magnet is attenuated to a certain extent, and the maintenance cost of the ball head is reduced;
According to the real-time evaluation system (hereinafter referred to as an evaluation system) for the service life of the ball joint with rotation limitation, the accumulated use value is obtained by recording and analyzing the angle change value, the change acceleration value and the movement frequency value and correspondingly comparing the data of the ball joint in the fatigue simulation test, and correspondingly referencing the stress amplitude, the average stress size and the cycle number of the ball joint at the selected position;
According to the scheme, the evaluation system can analyze the angle variation value, and when faults, jumps and the like occur in the variation curve, the ball joint or the connecting rod can be subjected to the conditions of spaciousness, abrasion or breakage and the like, so that the prompting and early warning effects are realized;
In summary, the scheme evaluation system adopts a locomotive main body system with low cost and small structure and utilizes the current increasing and increasing strong, realizes the evaluation and prediction of the service life and the current situation of the ball head and the connecting rod, provides maintenance and replacement references, can greatly improve the rationality, standardization and convenience of vehicle maintenance, can predict and prevent the serious maintenance conditions of the vehicle due to the damage and fracture of the ball head or the connecting rod, and is particularly suitable for the application of the current great popularization of new energy automobiles and export new energy automobiles, and has excellent significance and use popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a ball joint according to a preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the ball joint structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the ball head.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a ball head rotating structure.
Fig. 5 voltage-angle feedback graph.
Fig. 6 is a graph comparing curves of the permanent magnets after being attenuated.
FIG. 7 is a vehicle run ball pivot time axis reference view.
Fig. 8 is a value reference diagram of the vehicle operation time axis.
Detailed Description
As is well known, vehicle usage varies considerably, and conventional vehicle maintenance is typically performed at intervals of time (e.g., twelve months) or mileage (e.g., ten thousand kilometers), which has significant drawbacks; the utility model provides a vehicle long-time travel on the fine smooth road surface of road conditions and long-time travel on abominable non-pavement road surface, the damage that leads to the fact to the suspension system of vehicle, especially bulb and connecting rod structure is the sky difference, the first purpose of this scheme is to provide a rotation restriction's bulb joint and life real-time evaluation system, one is through improvement bulb joint and make it prevent that self from rotating and cause harmful effects, and evaluation system then is used for real-time evaluation bulb or connecting rod's life, thereby can realize the assessment of bulb or connecting rod life under complicated and different environment, and then can maintain and change to carry out suggestion and reference to bulb and connecting rod, the serious injury condition that causes because of its damage is prevented.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 and 3, a rotation-limited ball joint may be used in a tie rod assembly of a vehicle, where conventional ball joints may rotate back and forth along the tie rod due to inertia during use. The ball head comprises a ball head seat 1 and a ball head body 2, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball head seat 1 and can accommodate the ball head body 2, the ball head body 2 can swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of a ball head as the center, the ball head seat 1 is connected with a connecting rod 11, a connecting column 21 is connected to the ball head body 2, a strip-shaped boss 22 is arranged on the outer wall of the opposite part of the connecting column 21 of the ball head body 2, a limiting block 12 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, the middle part of the limiting block 12 is provided with a strip-shaped groove structure, the groove can accommodate the boss 22, the width of the groove of the limiting block 12 is more than the width of the boss 22 and is smaller than the length of the boss 22, the boss 22 at the level of the ball head body 2 can freely rotate in the design rotation range of the ball head joint, the connection and bearing are realized, but the boss 22 cannot rotate for 360 degrees under the limitation of the groove of the limiting block 12, and the structure can prevent the ball head body 2 from continuously rotating due to inertia in the use process.
The boss 22 and the ball head body 2 are of an integral structure, the outer wall of the boss is of an arc structure when seen from the side, and the center of the arc coincides with the center of the ball head body 2. The front end and the rear end of the boss 22 are semicircular arc transition structures when seen from top to bottom, so that the resistance to movement can be reduced, and the movement is smoother.
In order to enable the ball joint to be less in abrasion and smoother in running and improve the service life, the abrasion-resistant part 13 is arranged between the ball seat 1 and the ball head body 2, the main body of the abrasion-resistant part 13 can be made of an abrasion-resistant material of POM (polyoxymethylene resin), the abrasion-resistant part 13 is of a ring-shaped structure, the inner wall of the abrasion-resistant part is in fit with the ball head body 2, the outer side of the abrasion-resistant part is fixedly matched with a cavity of the ball seat 1, the top of the limiting block 12 is also in fit with the ball head body 2, the material of the limiting block can be a demagnetizing alloy steel material, the abrasion-resistant part is excellent in hardness and abrasion resistance after nitriding surface treatment, the cavity of the ball seat 1 is combined into a totally-enclosed sealing structure through a cover plate 14 at the bottom, quantitative lubricating grease can be filled in the cavity, a maintenance-free structure is realized, and a rubber sleeve 15 is arranged at the top of the ball seat 1 to play a role of isolating sealing, and water or dust and soil invasion is prevented.
The ball head body 2 is provided with a concave hole at a horizontal position and opposite to one side of the center of the connecting rod 11, the permanent magnet 3 is just placed in the concave hole, and the permanent magnet 3 is firmly installed, in order to improve magnetic flux, the permanent magnet 3 can be made of Ru-Fe-B materials, the outer surface of the permanent magnet 3 is just flush with the outer surface of the ball head body 2, or the outer end of the permanent magnet 3 is close to but not beyond the outer surface of the ball head body 2, so that the rotation of the ball head body 2 cannot be interfered, in an initial state, the permanent magnet 3 adopts a horizontal arrangement mode, and the connecting line of the S pole and the N pole center point of the permanent magnet 3 passes through the ball center of the ball head body 2.
At the inner wall of the ball seat 1 or the wear-resistant portion 13 (specifically depending on the thickness of the wear-resistant portion 13, if the wear-resistant portion 13 is as thin as less than 2 mm, it may be arranged directly at the inner wall of the ball seat 1, and the wear-resistant plate 13 is a POM material that does not affect the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 3, for simplicity of explanation, the permanent magnet 3 is arranged at the inner wall of the ball seat below as an example), the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32, respectively;
More specifically, the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 are both arranged in the direction of the center of the ball body 2, and the distance between the first hall sensor 31 and the center of the ball body 2 is equal, and in order to improve the sensitivity, the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 are arranged against the outer wall of the ball body 2, but a gap is left between the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 and the ball body 2, so that the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 do not contact or generate friction;
In the initial state, the first hall sensor 31 is arranged at a position corresponding to the center line of the permanent magnet 3, the second hall sensor 32 is arranged above the first hall sensor 31, the included angle between the first hall sensor 31 and the center of the second hall sensor 32 and the center of the ball head body 2 is matched with the maximum rotation angle of the ball head joint, although the maximum rotation angles of different ball head joints are different to a certain extent, the maximum rotation angle is + -30 DEG in the embodiment; in the actual design, it is possible to design the permanent magnet 31 to correspond exactly straight to the first hall sensor 31 in the initial state (the vehicle is stationary on a flat road surface and under the load of the servicing mass) and to be in a horizontally arranged state.
In order to better measure the relative rotation angle between the ball head body 2 and the ball head seat 1, the center points of the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 are located on the rotation plane of the connecting rod 11. Meanwhile, the main body of the ball joint takes the rotation direction of the boss 22 as the main body under the limiting action of the boss 22 and the limiting block 12 grooves, so that the permanent magnet 3 can be ensured not to deviate greatly from the first Hall sensor 31 and the second Hall sensor 32, the calculated amount can be simplified, and the whole data can be ensured to be more real and controllable.
Hall sensors mainly use the hall effect, which is essentially a deflection of moving charged particles in a magnetic field caused by lorentz forces. When charged particles (electrons or holes) are confined in a solid material, this deflection causes a build-up of positive and negative charges in the direction of the vertical current and magnetic field, thus creating an additional transverse electric field. Under the action of lorentz force, the electron flow is shifted to one side when passing through the hall semiconductor, so that the sheet generates a potential difference in the lateral direction, which is a so-called hall voltage. The hall voltage changes along with the change of the magnetic field intensity, the stronger the magnetic field, the higher the voltage, the weaker the magnetic field, the lower the voltage, the smaller the hall voltage value, usually only a few millivolts, but the voltage can be amplified to be enough to output stronger signals through the amplifier in the integrated circuit, if the hall integrated circuit is used for sensing, the magnetic induction intensity needs to be changed by a mechanical method.
In this scheme, the permanent magnet 3 generates a magnetic field, and when the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 output corresponding voltage values due to the change of the distance between the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 and the permanent magnet 3, the distance (angle) relation between the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 and the permanent magnet 3 can be fed back.
In some embodiments, the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 are the same type of sensor, and in other embodiments, since the second hall sensor 32 is usually located relatively far from the permanent magnet 3, its sensing capability may be slightly larger than that of the first hall sensor 31, and its operation is also based on one principle, so for convenience of description, the two are described in the same type.
Another technical scheme of the invention is a real-time evaluation system for the service life of a ball joint with rotation limitation, comprising:
The acquisition module is used for arranging a ball joint at a position where the ball joint is arranged on the vehicle chassis, acquiring signal data through the first Hall sensor 31 and the second Hall sensor 32, wherein the signal data comprises real-time angle values corresponding to the permanent magnet 3 at the ball seat 1;
the processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
the accumulation module is used for receiving the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module, increasing the environmental temperature value and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight.
Firstly, for the ball joint and the connecting rod of the type, the composite fatigue test operation is required to be carried out, namely, under the condition that the ball joint and the connecting rod are in the same installation mode, the simulation acceleration test is carried out, specifically, the load operation with different frequencies can be applied in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, after a specific number value is passed, the ball joint and the connecting rod are subjected to deformation or ultrasonic crack and other inspections, and after the use risk of the ball joint and the connecting rod is determined, the current simulation test value is recorded in a mode of multiple times of the test.
Referring to fig. 4 and fig. 5, for how to obtain a real-time angle value, that is, obtain the position and the angle relation of the ball head body 2 (the permanent magnet 3) on the ball head seat 1 (the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32), specifically, the system determines the feedback curve of the hall sensor at first at the beginning, and the feedback curve is specifically a coordinate curve of the voltage value fed back by the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 on the ball head joint under the rotation angle with the permanent magnet 3;
Since the ball joint of this embodiment is configured by the boss 22 and the stopper 12, the boss 22 has a larger rotation angle space in the front-rear direction and a smaller rotation angle space in the left-right direction of the boss 22 at the center of the boss 22, so for this ball joint, and for simplifying the calculation amount, positioning can be performed with the boss 22 center section direction as the reference direction of the rotation angle (neglecting the left-right rotation direction), and the one hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 are arranged in the boss 22 center section direction, and the arrangement direction coincides with the center line direction of the connecting rod 11.
Since the magnetic field strength is not angularly differentiated, the structure of the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 is arranged in the cross section direction of the center of the boss 22, if only the first hall sensor 31 is set up, the ball seat 1 (the connecting rod 11) cannot be correctly distinguished into an uplink rotation state (the angle is positive) or a downlink rotation state (the angle is negative) according to the voltage feedback value of the first hall sensor; at this time, the voltage feedback value of the second hall sensor 32 is matched and compared, so that the second situation can be clearly judged, and when the rotation angle is in a relatively large section, the calculated error is amplified because the tail end of the feedback curve is a relatively gentle curve, the accuracy is greatly reduced, and the accuracy can be improved by matching with the second hall sensor 32;
An example will now be described by reversing the rotation angle with reference to the voltage feedback coordinates in fig. 5:
The feedback voltage of the first Hall sensor 31 is V4, the feedback voltage of the second Hall sensor 32 is V4, and the reverse pushing rotation angle is A1;
The feedback voltage of the first Hall sensor 31 is V6, the feedback voltage of the second Hall sensor 32 is V3, and the reverse pushing rotation angle is A2;
The feedback voltage of the first Hall sensor 31 is V5, the feedback voltage of the second Hall sensor 32 is V2, and the reverse pushing rotation angle is A3;
Therefore, according to the scales of A1, A2 and A3 on the angle axis, namely the corresponding real-time angle values can be obtained through comparison calculation, the angle values are arranged in the time axis coordinates, and a vehicle running ball head rotation time axis reference diagram shown in FIG. 7 can be obtained.
The core of the scheme is to analyze the time axis reference graph, and the accumulated usage value main body is obtained through interpretation of the time axis reference graph.
It can be simply understood that the vehicle is running on a poor road condition, the larger the swing amplitude (the larger the stress) of the ball head is, and the larger the speed of the vehicle is (the larger the speed is) in a specific frequency interval (known through the composite fatigue test operation) (the larger the stress is, the larger the speed can be regarded as the speed of the vehicle is in the case of the larger frequency), and the service life of the ball head joint and the connecting rod is analyzed through checking the vulnerable condition of the ball head joint and the connecting rod through the environment temperature (the low temperature in most cases) during the composite fatigue test operation, and the accumulated use value is finally determined through the visual parameters.
Now, a typical time axis reference diagram (fig. 8) will be described as an example
Sequentially dividing the time axis direction into a first interval, a second interval, a third interval and a fourth interval, wherein the first interval curve is gentle and can be regarded as a smooth road surface or a highway driving state; the second interval and the fourth interval curves have relatively large fluctuation and can be regarded as a rural road or a slight off-road running state; and in the third section, the curve becomes extremely steep and tight, which can be regarded as being in an extreme road or high-speed heavy off-road running state.
Obviously, the different driving states have great difference on the service life of the ball joint and the connecting rod of the vehicle, according to the result of the compound fatigue test operation, the influence on the service life of the ball joint and the connecting rod is almost negligible in the driving state of the first section, and the influence on the service life of the fourth section is multiplied in the second section or the fourth section according to the situation.
Regarding the factor of the environmental temperature T, as the vehicle can be used under various complex environmental temperatures, the environmental temperature value can be obtained by the system by reading the information of the sensing vehicle, in general, when the temperature is lower than minus 20 ℃, the brittleness of metal is increased, and the efficiency and the service life of a lubricating system and a rubber part are greatly reduced, so that a parameter of acceleration have the allotted portion of life reduced by having or getting more than one deserves can be set in the environment, for example, 4 times, and the efficiency and the service life of the lubricating system and the rubber part are also influenced when the temperature is between minus 20 ℃ and minus 10 ℃ and the temperature is above 40 ℃, so that the parameter can be set to be 2 times, and if the specific value is strict, the specific value can be obtained through a compound fatigue test operation or a computer simulation test; in order to simplify the description, the above two parameters are described, and the environmental temperature T factor needs to be described, and since the acquisition is simple, the calculation is convenient because the environmental temperature T factor does not change greatly in a short time, and the environmental temperature T factor is used as the first judgment factor.
Regarding the factor H of the motion frequency, firstly, the frequency of the up-and-down motion of the ball joint and the connecting rod is a direct representation of road condition feedback, the worse the continuous road condition is, the higher the frequency value of the motion is, the durability of the metal and the rubber parts is rapidly reduced, and the feedback when the frequency value reaches a certain value can be obtained through the compound fatigue test operation, so that the parameters can be set to be 5 times like the motion of the third section (the frequency value is more than about 3 HZ).
Regarding the factor V of the angle variation value, the angle variation value is a direct feedback of the travel height of the ball joint (and the wheels), and is also a direct feedback of road conditions, obviously, the stress conditions of the feedback differences of different travel heights are different.
Regarding the variable acceleration value a factor, the variable acceleration value represents the moment impact force, such as the situation that a flat road surface suddenly enters a pit, a wheel collides with a stone or the like, or the situation that the vehicle suddenly brakes, etc., the time axis reference diagram represents extremely steep ascending curves, and the curve positions of the sections a11, a12 and a13 in fig. 8 represent the extreme stress situation of the vehicle, so the quantity of the variable acceleration value a factor can be determined by the steep (curvature) situation of the curve, and the quantity can be set to be 10 times of the parameter.
In actual operation, when the processing module and the accumulating module acquire accumulated use values, the sequence of the environment temperature T as a first judging factor, the motion frequency value H as a second judging factor, the angle variation value V as a third judging factor and the variation acceleration value A as a fourth judging factor is processed, so that the processing module and the accumulating module are reasonable, the calculation flow can be simplified, and the calculation efficiency is improved;
Referring to fig. 8, a calculation mode of accumulated use values is specifically described, the current time axis reference graph is uniformly and alternately segmented, the segmentation can reduce the calculated amount, and the technology of facilitating the motion frequency value H between the wave crests and the wave troughs is convenient, and the segmentation time can be 3-10 seconds;
Firstly, determining an environmental temperature T factor, taking the temperature between-20 ℃ and-10 ℃ as an example, and setting 2 times of parameters;
Determining the motion of a time interval t1-t2 as a motion frequency value H factor corresponding interval, and setting a 5-time parameter;
Determining the number of wave peaks and wave troughs of the upper two sections and the lower two sections (7 points from P1-P7), wherein the 7 points are 1 times of parameters, and determining the number of wave peaks of the upper three sections (8 points from P8-P14), and the 8 points are 3 times of parameters;
the fluctuating acceleration value a was determined to be 3 segments, which are 10 times the parameter.
The final technical expression is: 2 x (3*1 + (4*1 + (8*3) +3 x 10) x5) =586, so the cumulative usage value at the current period is 586;
The accumulation module continuously accumulates the current use value, sends the continuous multiple groups of current use values to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicle, compares the set warning use values, and sends warning information to a locomotive system when the accumulated use value is greater than or equal to the warning use value. The vehicle is used as a user or a maintenance unit of the vehicle, and the accumulated use value can be read through a vehicle obd interface or a locomotive system to determine the use condition of the ball joint and the connecting rod and determine whether maintenance or replacement operation is needed.
Referring to fig. 6, in some cases, for example, after the permanent magnet 3 is used for a long time, or after being interfered by an external magnetic field or being influenced by environment, the magnetism of the permanent magnet 3 is generally reduced, if the magnetism of the permanent magnet 3 is reduced, the feedback voltage of the hall sensor is reduced, and if only one hall sensor is used for performing measurement operation, the calculated range of the wheel height value is smaller than the actual range, and the measurement accuracy is greatly reduced;
The configuration structure of the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32 can correct the attenuation error of the permanent magnet 3, namely, when the processing module calculates the real-time height value of each tire, the processing module can determine the magnetic variation condition of the current permanent magnet 3 according to the real-time angle values of the first hall sensor 31 and the second hall sensor 32, and can ensure the accuracy of the measurement result in a correction mode;
Specifically, in fig. 6, since the permanent magnet 3 is magnetically attenuated, the feedback curve is compressed downward, if the ball rotation angle is actually at the A4 position, the first hall sensor 31 is fed back to be the voltage value of V7, and the second hall sensor 32 is fed back to be the voltage value of V8, but in the processing module, the voltage value of V7 is calculated to obtain the angle value of A5, and the voltage value of V8 is calculated to obtain the angle value of A6, that is, the calculated result deviates, at this time, the processing module should correct the value of V7 to V7 'and the value of V8 to V8' according to the original attenuation curve ratio data, so that the accurate A4 ball rotation angle value can still be calculated, thereby ensuring the accuracy of measurement, and the rotation angle value can be accurately and stably obtained for a long time.
Therefore, the ball joint with rotation limitation and the real-time service life evaluation system limit the rotation angle of the ball joint in a specific direction by improving the structure of the ball joint, and can prevent the phenomena of looseness, spaciousness and the like of related parts such as bolts and nuts caused by continuous rotation, so that the use stability and safety can be improved. The evaluation system of the scheme is used for evaluating the service life of the ball head connecting rod in real time, so that the service life of the ball head connecting rod can be evaluated under complex and different environments, and further, the maintenance and replacement of the ball head connecting rod can be prompted and referenced, and the serious damage condition caused by the damage of the ball head connecting rod can be prevented, so that the evaluation system has very positive and beneficial significance.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a real-time evaluation system of rotation restriction's bulb joint's life which characterized in that:
the ball joint includes:
The ball head seat is internally provided with a cavity which can accommodate the ball head body and enable the ball head body to swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of the ball head body as the center, the ball head seat is connected with a connecting rod, the ball head body is connected with a connecting column, the outer wall of the ball head body at the opposite position of the connecting column is provided with a strip-shaped boss, the bottom of the cavity is provided with a limiting block, the limiting block is provided with a groove structure, the groove can accommodate the boss, and the width of the groove is larger than the width of the boss and smaller than the length of the boss;
the ball head body is provided with a concave hole at one side of the horizontal position and opposite to the center of the connecting rod, a permanent magnet is placed in the concave hole, in an initial state, the permanent magnet is horizontally arranged, a connecting line of an S pole and an N pole passes through the center point of the ball head body, two Hall sensors are arranged on the ball head seat, a first Hall sensor is arranged at a position corresponding to the center line of the permanent magnet and is horizontally arranged, a second Hall sensor is arranged above the first Hall sensor, an included angle between the first Hall sensor and the center point of the ball head body is matched with the maximum rotation angle of a ball joint, and the center points of the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are positioned on the rotation plane of the connecting rod;
The outer wall of the boss is of an arc structure, the circle center of the arc is overlapped with the sphere center of the ball head body, the front end and the rear end of the boss are of arc transition structures, a wear-resistant part is arranged between the ball head seat and the ball head body, a main body of the wear-resistant part is made of wear-resistant materials, the wear-resistant part is of a ring structure, the inner wall of the wear-resistant part is in fit with the ball head body, the outer side of the wear-resistant part is fixedly matched with a cavity of the ball head seat, the top of the limiting block is in fit with the ball head body, the wear-resistant materials are POM materials, and the limiting block is made of demagnetized alloy steel materials and is subjected to nitriding surface treatment;
the evaluation system includes:
The acquisition module is used for arranging the ball joint at a position, which is on the chassis of the vehicle, of the ball joint, and acquiring signal data through the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor, wherein the signal data comprises real-time angle values corresponding to the permanent magnets at the ball seat;
the processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
the accumulation module is used for receiving the angle variation value, the variation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module, and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight weighting;
When the accumulation module obtains the accumulated use value, the judgment condition of the ambient temperature is increased;
the processing module and the accumulating module acquire accumulated use values, and the processing module and the accumulating module comprise the following steps:
Acquiring two real-time feedback voltages of the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor, and reversely pushing the rotation angle to acquire a real-time angle value;
drawing a time axis reference graph of the rotation of the ball head taking time as an X axis and taking angle as a Y axis through the real-time angle value;
When determining the environmental temperature value factors, implementing different multiple value parameters for the environmental temperature values in different intervals based on the environmental temperature values;
When determining a motion frequency value factor, implementing different multiple value parameters on curve motion frequency values of different intervals in a time axis reference diagram;
when determining the angle variation factor, dividing the travel height into five sections in a time axis reference diagram, wherein three sections are uplink sections, two sections are downlink sections, and implementing multiple of difference on different sections;
When the variable acceleration value factors are determined, determining the quantity of the variable acceleration value factors according to the curvature condition of the curve in the time axis reference graph, and implementing the different multiplier parameters;
And then, carrying out corresponding calculation processing by using the sequence of the environmental temperature value as a first judgment factor, the motion frequency value as a second judgment factor, the vertical rotation angle value as a third judgment factor and the fluctuation acceleration value as a fourth judgment factor, obtaining the accumulated use value in the current period, and finally obtaining the accumulated use value.
2. The real-time assessment system for the service life of a rotation-limited ball joint according to claim 1, wherein: when the processing module is in processing operation, the magnetic change condition of the current permanent magnet is determined according to the real-time angle value, and the angle change value, the change acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period are corrected and obtained by the numerical value after the magnetic change.
CN202311381714.7A 2023-10-24 2023-10-24 Rotation-limited ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system Active CN117386715B (en)

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